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  • Articles  (18,108)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (8,856)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (7,622)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Emerald
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1995-1999  (18,108)
  • Biology  (17,584)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (483)
  • Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism  (41)
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  • Articles  (18,108)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UK industry guidelines on nutrition labelling to benefit the consumer (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 24-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A three-year consumer research programme, using both qualitative and quantitative techniques, was undertaken to assess whether additional voluntary nutrition information for calories and fat would aid consumers' ability to use the nutrition information that is given on food packs. A variety of label formats was investigated. The research established that providing information for calories and fat per serving, either separately from the nutrition panel or highlighted within the nutrition panel, and providing Guideline Daily Amounts (GDAs) for calories and fat helped to make the nutrition information more accessible to consumers. GDAs were felt by consumers to be new and useful information. The research findings were developed into voluntary industry guidelines by an IGD working group consisting of representatives of manufacturers, retailers, consumer organizations, nutrition scientists and government. The guidelines represent best practice for industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910247644
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body composition and energy balance assessment of élite female athletes in the USA and Greece (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 66-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to determine body composition, energy balance and tendencies towards eating disorders of female competitive athletes in two countries, USA and Greece. Data were collected using similar methodology in both countries during the non-competitive (training) and the competitive seasons. Forty-two athletes and 11 controls in the USA and 35 athletes and ten controls in Greece participated in the study. Comparison of the results between the countries showed that US athletes weighed more than Greek athletes but there was no significant difference in the percentage of body fat between the two groups. No significant differences were found in the energy intakes between athletes in either country. Athletes appeared to be in negative energy balance (-380 to -580 kcals daily) in both seasons, in both countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910254231
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is healthy eating only for the young? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 12-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A survey of 12 residential homes assessed the nutritional balance of the meals selected and consumed by the elderly residents. With the increasing age of the population and the demand for professional care there is an increasing pressure on the professional caterer and carer to meet the nutritional needs of those in their care. However the ongoing concern over the safety of various foods and the requirement for residential homes to remain within budget can have an impact on the food offered to and consumed by the elderly person. The results show a general satisfaction by the consumer with the food supplied but the research indicates that the meals are not generally nutritionally balanced. The overall concern of the providers is to remain within budget and any nutritional balance of meals is obtained more by accident than as a planned policy. If this is an indication of the situation in Northern Ireland there is the possibility that throughout the United Kingdom there may be similar widespread imbalance in the nutritional provision to the older members of the population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910247626
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food safety enforcement and the hospitality industry (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A good relationship between the hospitality industry and environmental health officers is seen as essential if food poisoning statistics are to be improved in the future. A questionnaire issued to both parties indicates that there are still areas of disagreement which need to be bridged if progress in food safety is to be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910247662
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emerging issues for the next millennium (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 78-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With changes in the curriculum, science breakthroughs, consumer demands and the Government's recent Green Paper on Our Healthier Nation, the British Nutrition Foundation's National Nutrition Education Conference entitled "Emerging issues for the next millennium" informed delegates about emerging issues in nutrition and education.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910254376
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The soya bean: so small yet so mighty (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 144-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The role of diet in contributing to the incidence of coronary heart disease, cancer and other common Western diseases is attracting increasing attention. Foods which provide different biologically active compounds, such as phyto-oestrogens, have been extensively studied and epidemiological evidence suggests that populations consuming a diet high in phyto-oestrogens have a lower risk of these diseases. This paper reviews some of the key studies on soy isoflavones which suggest that the incorporation of soy protein into the British diet may offer important health benefits. Non-steroidal dietary oestrogens are found in high concentrations in the traditional diets of the Far East, and by vegans who consume large amounts of soy protein. Consumption of isoflavones across Asia varies considerably and it is estimated that between 25 to 45mg of isoflavones is consumed daily, compared to as little as 5mg daily in Western countries. It is well established that modification of dietary fat, especially saturated fat, soluble fibre and total calories have a role in coronary heart disease risk. In a meta-analysis of 38 controlled trials on soy proteins, it was concluded that significant reductions in serum and total LDL cholesterol could be achieved. A wide range of epidemiological data shows strong correlations between a diet high in soy protein and vegetables and a reduced risk of breast cancer. The incidence of osteoporosis in Japanese women is significantly lower than in Western women and dietary factors such as soy protein intake may be important in sustaining this protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910262197
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet, bacteria and colonic cancer (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The links between diet, bacteria and colonic cancer are examined in this article. Studies suggest that high intakes of fat and protein are associated with elevated risk of colonic cancer whereas cereals, fruits and vegetables seem to be protective. A further aspect considered in relation to this type of cancer is metabolism by gut bacteria. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are presented as ways of stimulating the activities, certain gut flora and the use of "functional foods" is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910270945
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrition in older people (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new National Diet and Nutrition Survey was published in October 1998, by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the Department of Health, which reported on the dietary intake and nutritional status of people over 65 years of age in the UK. This survey provided data on 1,275 free-living people and 412 people in residential care. Along with the information on diet and nutritional status are data on anthropometric and biochemical parameters. A second related survey looked at dental health in this age group. The key findings of these surveys and the public health implications for older people are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910277641
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibiotics and resistance in farm animals (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 178-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Antibiotics are used in animals to cure disease and prevent suffering. Bacterial populations in animals which are exposed to these antibiotics may be selected for resistance. There is a concern that spread of these bacteria in the food chain to humans may result in the establishment of antibiotic resistant bacteria in people which will prove difficult or impossible to treat with conventional drugs. It is clear that antibiotics must be used carefully to reduce the development of resistance and that steps should be taken to reduce the transfer of bacteria from animals to man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910270918
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organisations providing diet sheets for people with Diabetes Mellitus (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 192-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article focuses on the dietary requirements of people with Diabetes Mellitus, both insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent. It is one disorder where good dietary management can benefit control, well being and avoid complications. The guidelines for dietary intake for those with Diabetes Mellitus both past and present are given. The recommended intake of carbohydrate, fruit and vegetables, sugar, protein, fat, salt and alcohol are also discussed. The study itself focuses on the organisations involved in producing diet sheets for people with Diabetes Mellitus. The article also gives information on how to obtain such publications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910270963
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food choices of 9-17- year olds in Northern Ireland - influences and challenges (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Few studies have concentrated on the food choices of young people and the potential influences, yet the food choices established in these early years can determine the diet and quality of health in later life. This study investigates the diet and food choices of 9-17-year olds in Northern Ireland and considers the potential effects of age, gender and socio-economic grouping. A range of research methods was implemented including observations, questionnaires and diet based case studies. The observations, in five schools, indicated the types of foods being chosen whilst the questionnaires further investigated this initial information along with other factors, to obtain more detailed data. A total of 764 questionnaires were administered to young people and 516 to parents to facilitate comparison. In-depth diet based case studies also took place evaluating the diets of 14 young people. The research indicated that this group have a diet which continues to cause concern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910277669
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Healthy eating or chips with everything? (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 270-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Outlines the numerous messages sent to consumers regarding healthy eating practices and indicates the problems involved in determining whether or not the British consumer has adopted a nutritious and healthy diet. Research was undertaken which measured individuals' involvement in healthy eating issues and related this to several demographic characteristics. The research indicates some variation in involvement in healthy eating according to demographic variables but the results were not statistically significant. Group discussions were also conducted which confirmed that the healthy eating messages were widely received and understood; however, there was some confusion over their content, scepticism regarding the veracity and motivation of some sources and a growing resentment of boring and puritanical themes. In the future care must be taken to produce clear, simple and positive healthy eating messages to the public if trends towards a more nutritious diet are to continue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910290141
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Producing non-GM soy protein through identity preservation (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Much of the debate surrounding genetic modification has centred on food product ingredients, in particular soya derivatives, and the supposed inability to segregate GM from non-GM soybeans. Protein Technologies International has, however, implemented a system, Identity Preservation, which ensures the delivery of non-GM soy protein to its customers. The system covers seeds, on-farm storage, planting, growing and harvesting, transportation, processing and distribution, with independent third-party verification. It is, believes the company, a way of ensuring that consumers can obtain the health benefits of soy protein consumption even if they are actively avoiding GM ingredients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910290277
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of management systems and business performance in the UK food and drinks industry (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 5-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The findings of a study investigating the performance of the UK food and drinks industry against the European Business Excellence Model are presented. The study involved 50 food companies assessing themselves (by questionnaire) against the nine criteria of the model. The major finding of the study was that, on average, food and drinks companies have less well developed management systems than other industries. Its main areas of strength are in resource and process management and its main areas of weakness are in policy and strategy, customer satisfaction, people satisfaction and impact on society. For the food industry to move forward, more companies should consider using self-assessment as a method for identifying improvement opportunities and assessing their progress towards business excellence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910251432
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Public perceptions about microbiological hazards in food (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 744-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A marked increase in the incidence of microbial food poisoning parallels increasing scientific and public concern about microbiological hazards. This literature review highlights the important pathogens involved in the increase and issues salient to developing effective risk-benefit communication with the public about microbial food poisoning. Research into public perceptions of microbiological food hazards is reviewed, together with public attitudes towards one of the technologies that could combat food poisoning: food irradiation. Suggestions for reducing the incidence of microbial food poisoning through effective communication strategies are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910293670
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The price schedule required to smooth seasonal milk supply (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 785-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Develops a method for estimating the monthly milk price schedule needed to counter the effects of seasonality, which is an enduring feature of milk production in the UK. The issue of seasonality has been mostly ignored in studies estimating milk supply functions. In this paper milk supply functions which explicitly take account of seasonality are estimated for Northern Ireland and Scotland. Pre-testing of monthly milk price and milk supply time-series, using an extended HEGY test and an ADF test, indicated the presence of deterministic seasonality. Empirical milk supply models incorporating seasonal dummy variables to account for deterministic seasonality were estimated in the two regions of study. The results of these models were used to calculate the monthly producer milk price schedule required to encourage dairy farmers to produce an even monthly milk supply pattern. These calculations indicated that, in the long run, a peak-to-trough seasonal price differential of around 8 pence per litre would be required to produce an even pattern of milk supply in Scotland, and 11 pence per litre would be required in Northern Ireland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910293698
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S. David Soda Water Factory (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 456-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This case is about a small bottling plant which until recently operated in a protected market. Recently, foreign players such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi have appeared, eager to engulf little players. S. David is under attack, but he had a competitive advantage in a niche market.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278433
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lublin Coca-Cola Bottlers Ltd (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Coca-Cola is relatively standardised around the world. However, expansion into Poland was exceptionally challenging. This case is about the entry of Coca-Cola into the Polish market. The reader realises that there are important differences within Poland to consider.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278424
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turkish Coca-Cola (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 468-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Turkish and Kyrgyz investors linked up to introduce Coca-Cola to the Kyrgyz Republic. However, the Kyrgyz people are very traditional, and the future of Coca-Cola, in this market, will be a function of marketing efforts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004612
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    KMA (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This case is about a new venture in Egypt, namely KMA. The firm is small but innovative and it experiments with non-traditional packaging. This is a high-risk venture in a traditional environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278299
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kentucky Fried Chicken (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 493-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Kentucky Fried Chicken has made a very successful entry into China. This case is about the KFC outlet at the Dong Fong Hotel, in Shanghai. The hotel was recently closed for renovations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278505
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An entry strategy report for Dairy Crest in Germany: A theoretical application of matrix marketing (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 393-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This case study investigates the possibility of Dairy Crest dairy products entering the German market. The study gives an insight and analyses the company's internal capabilities as well as its external industrial forces that may influence and direct strategies and tactics. Finally, it presents a suggested possible strategic and tactical marketing approach that could alternatively be used by Dairy Crest in optimising performance when targeting the German market.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278325
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ms Jessica Lim (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The October 27, 1996 issue of Singapore's The Sunday Times gave the Salut Restaurant and Wine Bar a four star (very good) rating for its food and ambience, and three stars (good) for its service. This was reported barely one month after this venue's opening. Years later, the Salut Restaurant is still greeting customers with French specialities such as foie gras (chopped liver) and escargots (snails) as appetisers; de-boned pigeon as a main course; and a choice of soufflé or crème brûlée for dessert. The restaurant also cooks up other European dishes and the wine bar pours a vast array of wines and liqueurs. The selection of meals at Salut Restaurant and Wine Bar includes dishes that may be difficult to find elsewhere in Singapore; however, prices are among the highest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278352
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Older people and food: independence, locality and diet (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 528-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Selected findings are presented from 152 semi-structured interviews of people aged 75 and over on the theme of dietary beliefs and practices. Participants resided in urban and rural localities in Scotland and were interviewed in their own homes. Data are presented on the perceived importance of food, defining healthy eating, locality and financial constraints. In considering the implications of data for policy and practice the concepts of the enabling locality and "proper" food are considered. Maintaining independence was the priority for participants and food was perceived as a contributing factor to keeping bodies going and limiting the potential for dependence on others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910279036
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The location of food stores in urban areas: a case study in Glasgow (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 545-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: During the late 1990s there has been an increasing interest in the concept of "food deserts" (populated areas with little or no food retail provision). It has been suggested that they are more likely to be found in deprived areas; however there has been little systematic research on their prevalence and distribution. This paper describes a preliminary analysis of the location of food outlets in the Greater Glasgow Health Board Area. Data were collected as part of a project on spatial variations in the price and availability of food. Based on all 79 multiple stores, and a 1 in 9 sample (n = 246) of all non-multiple stores in the area, we did not find any evidence for the existence of food deserts, and found that food stores were more numerous in the more deprived localities and postcode districts in the study site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910279027
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustainable waste management in the food and drink industry (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 580-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In moving towards sustainable wastes management, the UK Government has adopted a wastes hierarchy. This hierarchy sets out clearly the priorities for sustainable resource use and wastes management: it ought to be the guiding principle of private and public policy, with the emphasis placed strongly on reducing the amount of raw material used. The House of Commons Environment, Transport & Regional Affairs Committee has noted a pressing need to promote wastes minimisation within industrial and commercial sectors and has recommended the introduction of penalties and incentives to encourage industrial wastes minimisation. Despite this, in the food and retailing sector only around 25 per cent of companies were found to operate wastes minimisation programmes. This paper aims to demonstrate the benefits of wastes minimisation, in both financial and environmental terms, for the food and drink sector. Large multiprocess food and drink companies have found they can make annual savings of greater than one per cent of turnover by implementing wastes minimisation strategies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910288270
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    Whither the small independent take-away? (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 715-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Given the expansion of the multi-unit fast-food chains in the take-away market from the late 1970s, looks at the prospects of the small take-away firms in the UK. Charts the trends in the take-away market and provides pointers for small firms to move forward and compete.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910288874
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    Food for thought on food safety (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 140-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: foodlink's National Food Safety Week provides a focus for communicating messages designed to help people understand and initiate the basic precautions which can be taken to reduce the risk of food poisoning and in the process provide fun and entertainment for thousands throughout the UK. There were over 100,000 reported cases of food poisoning last year and there has been much speculation recently that many more cases go unreported. National Food Safety Week provides the tools both to raise awareness of the problem and to provide the answers in a fun, inclusive and effective way. Indeed, keeping food safe is one of the most basic applications of technology in the home.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910262160
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    Tackling diet-related disease by promoting fruit and vegetables (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article outlines the importance of increasing fruit and vegetable intake in the battle against diet-related disease and health inequalities. It identifies some of the barriers to increasing fruit and vegetable consumption and proposes some potential solutions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910270792
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    Contribution of "packed lunches" to the dietary intake of 11-12-year-old children (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Packed lunches are a popular form of midday meal for children at school. This study of 11-12-year-old children in Northern Ireland found sandwiches, crisps, chocolate and carbonated drinks to be popular items included in a packed lunch. Dairy produce and fruit were poorly represented. The nutritional quality varied with the type of lunch. The contribution of fat and saturated fatty acids to total energy intake were in all cases far in excess of recommended dietary guidelines. Such high intakes of fat militate against the reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease in Northern Ireland. The intake of dietary fibre and several micronutrients were inadequate.Knowledge of healthier foods was not translated into food consumption. If major diseases in the longer term are to be minimised a challenge exists for those responsible for food preparation ± parents, food processors and suppliers in the hospitality industry to produce foods which are healthier while not adversely affecting their acceptability to children.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910270936
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    The role of visual cues in consumer perception and acceptance of a food product (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 224-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses the role appearance plays in influencing consumer perception and subsequent acceptance of a food product. Texture and flavour have long since been known to exert an effect on consumer perception. However, the "first taste is almost always with the eye". This is especially the case where a food product is sold through its appearance, rather than through its packaging. In addition, appearance can have a halo effect which modifies subsequent flavour perception and food acceptability. The article also briefly discusses the many factors that affect the perception process and the significance of food product development in the food industry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910277650
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    TCS gives industry food for thought (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper highlights the effectiveness of TCS (the Teaching Company Scheme) in improving the performance and competitiveness of companies in the food-processing industry. The industry is swinging towards the more efficient production of safe, high-quality foods, a change propelled by UK and EC legislation and by market forces. Developing and implementing new process procedures and systems, exploring and developing novel ingredients, new products and market sectors are projects that require heavy investment of time, resources and personnel. However, many small and medium-sized food-processing companies lack the resources necessary to carry out such strategic projects. TCS is a highly successful government scheme that stimulates innovation and facilitates technology and knowledge transfer in most business and industry sectors, including the food industry, by supporting partnerships between companies and the UK's knowledge base (universities and research organisations and institutions). It also enables companies to recruit and train high-calibre graduates seeking careers in industry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910277687
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    Shelf-life (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 131-135 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article highlights current research at the Leatherhead Food Research Association which is relevant to shelf-life assessment of food products. One area is to improve the quality and safety of fish - both fresh and cold-smoked. Food MicroModel, a computer software package which aids in the prediction of the microbiological safety and spoilage potential of food products, is described. New methods capable of predicting the stability of oils and fats to oxidation, which can be a significant cause of reduced shelf-life in fat-containing foods, are described. Novel analytical instruments, known as electronic noses, have been shown to have potential, as has a total antioxidant activity test. Temperature control in factories is often a compromise between product safety and the need to maintain reasonable employee working conditions. This is no longer a problem with the development of glove box technology, which separates the two environments. The final study discussed in this article is the development of accelerated shelf-life tests for chocolate products.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910262151
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    A study into the antibiotic effect of garlic Allium sativum on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus albus (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 170-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A quantitative method involving colony counting was undertaken to assess the antibiotic effects of garlic Allium sativum on possible food-borne bacteria. The investigation using garlic was targeted at higher education students planning an Independent Study or Dissertation into the antibacterial properties of food plants. The effect of concentrations of garlic varying from 0 per cent to 20 per cent in chicken stock, which had been inoculated with either E.coli B and S. albus, was investigated over three days. Bacterial numbers were reduced with increased garlic concentration and with the duration of incubation. Heating the garlic for 30 min at 100 C destroyed its anti-bacterial activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910270765
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    The Northern Ireland retailing environment and its effect on ethnic food consumption (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The recent arrival of the UK multiples has had a significant effect on the Northern Ireland market, particularly in terms of product range and choice. Ethnic foods offer a potentially lucrative sector, as evidenced in Great Britain. However, retailers in Northern Ireland are only beginning to develop range and ethnicity and are familiarising themselves with a market which has been characterised more often by traditional eating habits. The preliminary study considered consumer perceptions of ethnic food products in Northern Ireland. It would appear that product awareness needs to be developed carefully, and the onus is on the retailer (and indeed, the hospitality establishments) to inform consumers and respond to their needs and wants, particularly with the more recent trend towards regional cuisine and greater authenticity. Only then can a larger range of truly ethnic food products penetrate the Northern Ireland market successfully.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910277678
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    FOOD MATTERS - a nutrition award for Hertfordshire schools (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 278-280 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: FOOD MATTERS is an award scheme that aims to encourage healthy eating amongst pupils in Hertfordshire schools. The FOOD MATTERS Award seeks to encourage a whole school approach to healthy eating. To achieve the Award, schools must carry out the following: set up a FOOD MATTERS co-ordination group; gain the FOOD MATTERS catering certificate by meeting set catering criteria; and identify and achieve targets regarding the promotion of healthy eating in school. Schools participating in FOOD MATTERS have carried out many different projects. These include a pupil-run healthier tuck shop; a "try it and you might like it" day (to encourage primary school pupils to eat more fruit and vegetables); the introduction of "fruit smoothies", (to increase pupils' intake of fruit and high-calcium foods); a fruit-sharing scheme; and the installation of new drinking fountains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910290222
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    The nutritional importance to local communities of fish caught off the coast of Qatar (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 288-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article focuses on the consumption of fish in Qatar and its health benefits for those living in the region. The nutritional value of fish from traditional fishing areas such as the UK has been much discussed but this article addresses the value of fish from warmer regions. Samples of popular fish were purchased from the local market in Qatar and were then analysed for levels of major nutrients and fatty acids. The likely nutritional impact of fish on the local diet was then evaluated. Problems of preservation of fresh fish, hygiene and mercury levels are also pointed out. Vigilance on behalf of the Public Health Authorities is urged to ensure the good reputation of fish in this region remains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910290349
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    Proximate composition of ten standardized Nigerian dishes (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 99 (1999), S. 295-302 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objectives of the study are the standardization of ten Nigerian dishes and the determination of their proximate composition. Recipes for the ten dishes were obtained through the use of questionnaires. There were 200 respondents to the questionnaires consisting of housewives living in the major towns of south-western Nigeria. One recipe for each meal was extracted from a known cookery book. The means for each ingredient of all the dishes were calculated from ten randomly selected recipes and then used in the preparation of the standardized dishes. The standardized dishes are: Burabisko, Jollof rice, Agbono soup, Stewed beans and fried plantain, Bean pudding, Melon seed and vegetable soup, Ikokore, Eba imoyo, Yam and eggs and Yam pottage. Consumer acceptability tests were conducted as well as proximate analyses according to AOAC. All dishes were considered acceptable since they scored more than 3, the benchmark for acceptability. Energy content of the dishes ranged from 281Kcal/100g (Jollof rice) to 510Kcal/100g (Agbono soup). The crude protein content ranged from 7.5g/100g for Burabisko to 27.4g/100g for Jollof rice. The results suggest that these dishes are good sources of energy and protein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910290466
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    Market-oriented methodologies to optimise consumer acceptability of Cheddar-type cheeses (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 301-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The formulation and marketing of new food products are very complex and there are many interacting influences on consumer acceptance, e.g. the person, the food product and the environment. Market analysis and sensory analysis were used to determine consumer preferences for Cheddar-type cheeses. Consumers' attitudes, perceptions and purchase behaviour were investigated by means of a structured questionnaire. Eight Cheddar-type cheeses were objectively assessed by a trained panel using descriptive sensory profiling, and, in parallel, were hedonically rated by 100 "naïve" consumers. Preference mapping was used to illustrate the subjective sensory data before the "naïve" consumers were segmented into homogeneous groups using hierarchical cluster analysis. Five focus groups, representing different socio-economic categories, investigated in-depth influences on preferences and purchase behaviour. Cheddar-type cheese was the most frequently purchased and preferred cheese, and taste was the most important attribute influencing the purchase decision. Consumers preferred a premium cheese described as "creamy" and "mouthcoating" and least liked a reduced-fat cheese described as "rancid" and "rubbery". The focus groups helped explain issues that arose in both the questionnaire and sensory analysis. This study showed that a combination of market and sensory analysis gave a more valuable explanation of consumer acceptance of Cheddar-type cheese than either method could on its own. However, relationships were determined by observation rather than mathematically and therefore this integration must be further developed in order to build a predictive model for this product.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004561
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    International Beverage Company (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This case is about a small firm which has been given the opportunity to become a bottler for Coca-Cola in Vietnam. The case addresses competition and product positioning.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278460
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    Ben & Jerry's (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 488-490 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two entrepreneurs, Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, had great success with their Ben & Jerry's ice cream in the USA. Their first attempt at internationalisation, however, was a failure. While international markets offered opportunities, Ben and Jerry realised that risks were also inherent in foreign markets. The purpose of this case is to stimulate thought about internationalisation and about franchising as a means to expand abroad.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278488
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    Mapping access to food at a local level (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 554-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Access to food is currently on the political agenda. This paper presents a quantitative method for local level use to help identify the geographic location of areas with inadequate access to food. A census of retail outlets selling food of any kind was carried out in a deprived area within a 2km radius from a central point between two estates. Information on the price and availability of "healthy" food lists, acceptable to each of the four major ethnic groups in the area, was collected. The food lists were not mutually exclusive. Food shops were mapped in terms of food availability and price indices using Geographical Information System (GIS) software. Maps show, progressively: roads within/outside 500m of a postcode with any outlet selling food; any outlet selling more than 50 per cent of the food list, below the area mean price, acceptable to a Gujarati Hindu; the latter in relation to population density. Within the area analysed there appears to be reasonable walking access to the more reasonably priced shops within the area, however the cost of a healthy diet would still require more than 50 per cent of the income of someone in receipt of income support.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910279054
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    An empirical study of customer comment card quality and design characteristics (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 621-630 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The use of comment cards is a very popular method for obtaining customer feedback in the hospitality industry. An investigation was made regarding the current status of comment card usage in hotel-restaurants offering high quality, Sunday champagne buffets, in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Cards were assessed with regard to frequency and mode of availability, information content, service quality, card design, and management follow-up. Although 81 per cent of the buffets made use of comment cards, problems were found with accessibility, comprehensiveness of information, questionnaire design principles and frequency of call-backs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910288315
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    Staff motivation in small food manufacturing enterprises (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 654-667 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Examines the factors which affect staff motivation and satisfaction in small food businesses. Explores previous theories of motivation. Thirty-eight small food processing and manufacturing companies in Scotland formed the sample. Interviews and open-ended semi-structured questionnaires were employed in the research. Results emphasise the importance of the management style of the owner/manager particularly when it comes to factors such as "lack of appreciation", "poor communication" and "training".
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    The healthy option: A review of activity on food and nutrition by UK schools involved in the European Network of Health Promoting Schools (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 610-620 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The UK has been participating in the European Network of Health Promoting Schools (ENHPS) since 1993. One of the main concerns identified by participating schools has been the provision of food on their premises. This paper looks at some of the ways the ENHPS project schools have moved towards developing a whole school approach to food and nutrition. Key themes identified by the schools include: linking the school curriculum with the school dining room and other food outlets; involving pupils and parents; improving the design and environment of the school dining room; and collaborating with the school's catering service. Argues that, through such initiatives, schools have the potential to make a significant contribution to dietary change and the health of their pupils.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910288298
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    An exploratory study of grocery shopping stressors (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 683-700 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Many factors affect the store patronage decision, e.g. location, service levels, pricing policies, merchandise assortment, store environment and store image, but very little research has considered stress as a determinant. This is despite the increase in dual income families and longer working hours which are making general shopping a more stressful activity for many families because of time pressure and lack of response by retailers. This exploratory research confirms grocery shopping to be stressful, but time pressure was mentioned as only one factor causing shopping stress; other factors included: crowd density, staff attitude and training, store layout/relocation, impulse purchasing pressure, location, product assortment, music, and lighting. The article concludes by proposing a shopping stress curve for future examination.
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    Moving away from a typical Mediterranean diet: the case of Spain (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 701-714 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In the 1960s, the Spanish diet was a typical example of the Mediterranean diet. However, in the 1990s, Spanish consumers have moved away from that pattern. This has been the result of many different changes over that period of time. It is important to know how a Mediterranean country moves from a considered healthy diet to another which is not so and the reasons behind that change. There might be a number of policy implications to reinforce food consumption habits which are not properly taken into consideration when a country goes through economic development. Nowadays, public institutions in Spain are concerned about changing diets. They provide information and encourage the appropriate education to achieve those aims. Among other things, they try to promote typical regional products of high quality as well as to avoid unhealthy food habits, by providing nutritional educational programmes at schools, jointly with other policies.
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    Food retailing loyalty schemes - and the Orwellian Millennium (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 132-147 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The food retailing loyalty scheme is one of the marketing phenomena of the 1990s with most of the major supermarket multiples now having a customer loyalty card scheme. Consumers reciprocate by possessing loyalty cards - there are 40 million such cards in circulation. By knowing what individual consumers buy, the food retailer should be able to target them with relevant offers whilst the consumer saves money in the process. The dilemma for the consumer is one of cheaper shopping on the one hand and privacy invasion on the other because they reveal details about themselves every time they let their purchases at the checkout be matched with their data file via the loyalty card. The dilemma for supermarkets is whether loyalty schemes create truly loyal relationships or whether they are merely sales promotions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910261927
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    Venturing overseas: Strategic approaches adopted by foreign food companies in Malaysia (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 108-131 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The theoretical underpinnings of this paper focus on foreign investment, modes of entry, export marketing, strategic alliances, investment criteria, firm characteristics, international strategy, external factors, and host and home country factors, and Asian culture and management. The research project presented in the paper was initially designed to obtain case study information on a number of foreign food companies which had invested in Malaysia, especially in terms of their strategic approaches, investment bases and market share achievement. However, subsequent to the preliminary discussions with the respondent companies, the researchers believed that the conventional models needed to be studied further. This research was undertaken via both structured and unstructured interviews of 11 multinational companies. The results demonstrated that there are both significant similarities and differences between the strategic approaches adopted by major global multinationals and minor regional multinationals and uncovered new investment-market share strategies not previously covered in the literature. These results are discussed at length in this paper, and form the essence of the contribution to knowledge of the research project.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910261918
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    White oils and the food industry (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 229-238 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Manufacturing methods of white mineral oils are described, together with a summary of their major use areas. Recent toxicological studies using white mineral oils of various categories are covered. A summary of the current acceptable daily intake levels for such substances is included.
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    Reply to "Predicting the size of the epidemic of the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease" by Neil Ferguson, Christl A. Donnelly, Azra C. Ghani and Roy M. Anderson (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 284-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The authors welcome the debate hosted by the British Food Journal on the likely size of the outbreak of New Variant CJD, if it is caused by eating BSE-contaminated beef. We are pleased that there is a substantial measure of agreement between our estimates and those of Ferguson et al., for the most likely number of deaths, even if there is disagreement on the upper bound. We note that our low predictions for vCJD deaths based on vCJD data to the end of 1997 continue to be borne out by figures available at the time of writing, one year later.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910272150
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    Desnoes & Geddes Limited (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 359-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This case takes us to Jamaica, where Desnoes & Geddes has been a market leader. As products reach the maturity phase of the product life cycle, it is time to consider strategies for the future.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278280
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    Korean Air Lines (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 365-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This case is about Korean Air Lines' innovative idea to adopt a policy of vertical integration in catering. Rather than out-source its in-flight catering, this airline has moved away from industry norms, and is doing its own thing - literally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004568
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    Nirula's small business (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 500-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This case is about a local food chain in India, Nirula's. As McDonald's penetrates New Delhi, Nirula's is faced with unprecedented competition from abroad. The small enterprise must be globally competitive in order to sustain competition from global players who are forcing it into a formerly protected market. One strategic option for Nirula's is to expand its plans for internationalisation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278523
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    Danish cheese (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 416-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Firms - in their efforts to internationalise - often find that the best strategy is to adapt to local environments. However, the EU has passed legislation to move toward standardisation of certain products. This is a problem for a Danish producer of cheese.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278343
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    The relevance of total quality management in the food supply and distribution industry: a study (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 190-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The paper reports the findings of a study of two major companies in the UK food supply and distribution industry to assess the relevance of total quality management (TQM). The focus of the research was two case studies of major organisations which are considered to be representative of the industry. Examination of the academic literature found little work linking TQM and the industry. The study confirms the applicability of TQM in the food supply and distribution industry. The list of TQM characteristics identified are not dissimilar to those in other industries. However, as part of the service sectors, there is a requirement of organisationds in this business sector to be highly focused on customer needs and changes in market trends.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910269802
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    Italian ethnic identity and its relative impact on the consumption of convenience and traditional foods (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 201-228 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ethnic identity or the retention or loss of the attitudes, values and behaviours of one's culture of origin is presented as a multidimensional construct. It is further suggested that acculturation or the acquisition of traits of the dominant/host culture constitutes a separate yet correlated process. Initial exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on responses from Italian-Canadians to various items designed to tap Italian ethnic identity. These analyses revealed that ethnic identity did indeed constitute a multidimensional process. Specifically, three dimensions were ide.pngied: Italian social interaction and participation, Italian language use with family members, and Catholicism. A final CFA model incorporated the three ethnic identity dimensions and two dimensions of acculturation. Consistent with previous findings, LISREL VIII estimation resulted in significant negative correlations between some ethnic identity and acculturation dimensions. The discriminant validity of ethnic identity was also more thoroughly established vis--vis acculturation by computing 95 per cent confidence intervals for the parameter estimates. Finally, subsequent stepwise regression analyses showed that the three ethnic identity dimensions along with the two acculturation dimensions and three socio-economic factors had differential impacts on the consumption of various convenience and traditional foods. A hypothesis holding that ethnic identity was negatively related to the consumption of convenience foods was partly confirmed. Another holding that it was positively related to the consumption of traditional Italian foods was better established.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910269811
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    Meat consumption and vegetarianism among young adults in the UK: An empirical study (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 289-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This article is based on a six-year survey of first year undergraduates and their meat consumption. The main focus is vegetarianism and the declining consumption of red meat over the past two decades. The levels of meat consumption and avoidance were analysed by gender, father's occupation, voting intention and the reasons given for reduction/avoidance. The results found that the majority of vegetarians were women, although they were also the majority of the sample. Age, political inclination and social class appear to have had little bearing on meat consumption. There is also the suggestion that vegetarianism has reached a plateau. A wide range of further studies is suggested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910272169
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    Consumer loyalty in the restaurant industry: A preliminary exploration of the issues (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 317-327 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This article looks at the outcome of a questionnaire designed to explore factors relevant to engendering consumer loyalty in restaurant choice. The sampling frame comprises people with relatively homogeneous characteristics who dine out with some frequency. The overall objective was to question certain assumptions that have become current in academic discussions of consumer behaviour with particular relevance to consumer loyalty. Findings suggest that the quality and range or type of food are key determinants in consumer loyalty, but that the concept of "quality of food" offers a range of interpretations and thus requires more careful investigation. Additionally, the concept of the "meal experience" as a holistic abstraction in the consumer's mind is called into question as a consequence of the analysis. Tangible rather than intangible factors are identified as being of greater importance in consumer loyalty.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910272196
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    Sheep-farm in the Pyrenees (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 435-440 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two entrepreneurs operate a very successful business enterprise, in a small rural community. The entrepreneurs are seeking to expand, but this will need capital. Students are encouraged to discuss the product line and its suitability for export.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910278398
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    Food preparation and the division of domestic labour among newly married and cohabiting couples (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 570-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper examines the domestic division of labour in relation to food preparation in the early months of marriage/cohabitation. A total of 22 heterosexual couples from central Scotland, all childless and in full-time employment or education took part in in-depth interviews shortly after setting up home together. In more than half of the cases, the woman prepared most of the main meals, seven couples took equal part in food preparation and in two cases the man was the main meal preparer. There was evidence of role conflict among those women who prepared most of the meals, and of a trade-off between the disadvantage of the tasks' burdens and the advantage of control over food choice. This represents a significant departure from earlier work on food preparation in households with dependent children, in which men rarely cooked main meals, and women showed little evidence of resentment and considerable deference to their partners' tastes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910288261
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    Discovery markets Communicating product identities in specialised sectors (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 797-808 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Based upon initial research conducted in the specialist cheese sector in the UK, this paper suggests that some relevant issues may not be fully illuminated by standard concepts and categories in marketing. In particular, there is a need to communicate successfully to potential customers a range of complex and subtle signals about product differentiation, a task that is mostly beyond the means of the small-scale producers of these products. Similar circumstances and marketing challenges are apparent in certain other markets (notably those for wine and real ales, but potentially including a number of other fields), which also seem to illustrate some ways in which significant progress can be made. As a result, the paper proposes a new category of "discovery" markets, in which the problems of creating and communicating what are in effect brand identities may be addressed by equipping consumers with the means to find their own way around these markets and discover the diversity for themselves. The experience to date in some of these markets suggests ways in which consumers can be encouraged to start the process of discovery.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910293706
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    Canonical correlation analysis of customer satisfaction and future purchase of mail-order speciality food (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 857-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Analyses customer satisfaction with mail-order speciality foods in the UK and examines the relationship between satisfaction with eight attributes of mail-order speciality food and their association with overall satisfaction and likelihood of future purchase. Univariate analysis reveals that a high proportion of mail-order customers experience satisfaction with each of the eight mail-order attributes, reflected in a high proportion of customers who are satisfied overall and who intend to repurchase the products in the future. Canonical correlation analysis reveals a statistically significant relationship between one set of variables, overall satisfaction and likelihood of future purchase, and another set of variables, the eight mail-order attributes. Consequently the results indicate that customer satisfaction is associated with service aspects of mail-order such as the order process and delivery service as well as physical product attributes such as product quality.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709910301373
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    Sensory and instrumental texture evaluation of restructured shrimp (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 893-900 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Restructured shrimp made with three different formulations were evaluated using subjective and objective texture analysis. The three formulations showed statistical similarities with breaded whole shrimp in terms of gumminess and oily cover in mouth, and differed in relation to firmness, elasticity, cohesivity, adhesivity, moisture release, stickiness in mouth and overall texture impression. The objective texture evaluation showed significant differences in respect to cohesivity, adhesivity and gumminess between breaded whole shrimp and the three formulae, and in reference to hardness, between formulations.
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    Estimating the size of the outbreak of new-variant CJD (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 44-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Despite the small numbers of New-Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) observed, sufficient human data have now accrued to allow statistical estimation of all three of the important parameters: the mean period between infection and death (the "mortality period"), its variance and the size of the outbreak. The mean mortality period is estimated to lie in the range six to 16 years, with low variances associated with the lower values of mean mortality period (〈 ten years) that are indicated as most likely. If BSE is indeed the cause of vCJD, then the number of human victims of vCJD is predicted not to exceed a few hundred, and is most likely to be a hundred or less. The study suggests that, while there may be a continuing, small number of deaths from vCJD for some years to come, exposure to the disease from BSE in the UK has more or less ceased at the time of writing.
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    Viewpoint: the story so far: An overview of developments in UK food regulation and associated advisory committees (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 274-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Modern food law can trace its roots back to the late nineteenth century when the Adulteration of Food and Drink Act 1860 was introduced. Since then the legislation has developed and evolved, often in response to specific incidents where an apparently insignificant change to a process or recipe has impacted on food safety. Progressively, controls on food standards and labelling were developed and introduced, the pace quickening from about 1950 onwards. Controls from the 1970s have had to be harmonised across the European Community. Recent concerns over food safety have involved food irradiation and genetic modification. Assurances from experts about the safety of these processes have not entirely satisfied consumers, with the result that labelling has been an important piece of the regulatory jigsaw in these cases. Labelling is also to the fore in the current debate on functional foods. These, and other, issues command the attention of the government's advisory bodies, in particular the Food Advisory Committee. The regulatory process must become more open and allow public participation if government and expert committees are to win and retain the confidence of the consuming public.
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    Mohammed the baker (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 429-431 
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    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Entrepreneurs must operate within the constraints of their environment. In Egypt, government policy has a great impact on what entrepreneurs can do. Mohammed, a neighbourhood baker, finds himself in trouble when the nature of government-supplied flour is changed.
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    A borderless world: the OECD Ottawa Ministerial Conference and initiatives in electronic commerce (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 23-33 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Reviews issues discussed at the Ottawa OECD Multinational Conference of 1998, including government roles and other, aligned areas. States electronic commerce has potential far-reaching economic implications. Concludes future work needs to be done to facilitate e-commerce's successful development.
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    Deep impact: the Web and the changing media economy (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 35-51 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Espouses the Web with regard to the media and all its areas of relevance. Encourages and supports multinational forms of production as new but admits they may be no more sympathetic to social need and democratic practice than previous commercial media. Charts the market and the Web's changes for commercial business.
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    Convergence: navigating bottlenecks in digital pay-TV (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 53-67 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Examines abuse potential with regard to digital pay-TV services and permitted competition which is allowed, and these are referred to as bottleneck facilities (technology). Looks at technical analysis ad bottleneck control in addition to self-regulation and industry standard settings, and further discusses public policy concern. Concludes that it may be cautionable to pursue narrower objectives in the communications industry - especially where other declarations of public policy are feasible.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800909
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    Visions of sugarplums: can everyone gain profit from GMPCS? (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 68-76 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Looks at initiatives in global liberalizations for satellite services, particularly at national and regional levels. Highlights GMPCS legislation with regard to The Philippines, South Africa, India, Canada, Australia and a member state of Europe. Further investigates licence fees and who to licence plus conditions harmony and other relevant areas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800918
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    Telecoms transition in Sri Lanka: a model for small countries (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 77-93 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Discusses Sri Lanka's deregulation of its telecommunication sector and how its government opened doors for private sector participation. Uses 7 Tables to aid in further explanation of how conditions were in helping the private sector operators, foreign investment, cellular mobile telephone operators, fixed access network operators and the interconnections of networks. Concludes Sri Lanka's telecoms network needs major upgrading and development, but even so Sri Lanka is well on its way to being the Asia-Pacific's more progressive market member.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800927
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    Footprints in cyberspace: towards a theory of mergers in network industries (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 367-369 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Suggests this analysis' principal objective is to demonstrate that recent merger activity in US Bell operating companies can foster increased incentives for out-of-region entry. Reveals that the local telephone industry can serve to enhance competition by fostering more pronounced incentives for out-of-region entry.
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    The role of information and communication technologies in democratic government (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 405-417 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Looks at two possibilities outcomes for information and communication technology (ICT) in the world. Argues ICT's development potential is undervalued but its potential is increasing as technology becomes cheaper and diversifies. States ICTs offer important tools to empower the less-well-off communities, reducing inequalities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801160
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    The impending death of over-the-air television (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 389-391 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Examines policy implications of over-the-air's impending demise to cable and direct broadcast satellites in the USA. Looks at policy questions and the different types of broadcasters. In conclusion, says that TV has been going through a gradual but fundamental change, but stresses that on the other hand, radio is a wonderful means to reach many people simultaneously, although TV has only a visual modality, whereas radio is best for people on the move.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801142
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    Publishing and the media industries in the digital age (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 393-403 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Discusses how new types of publishing (electronic, particularly) are about to make major changes in the media-related industry. Contends traditional approaches to the business will not work in the digital era. Investigates the traditional and new publishing technologies/industries, including the Internet, and wonders what the future holds for publishing and media companies with regard to regulations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801151
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    Democracy, privatisation and the governance of cyberspace: an alternative view of the OECD meeting on electronic commerce (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 16-22 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Looks at the OECD's Ottawa meeting and the issues of must import such as speech commerce, censorship and communications. Gives a different view on core issues, getting into meetings and conference materials. Concludes e-commerce is an all-enveloping term, which international bodies use to explain more than just the normal terms it usually would apply to.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800873
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    Telecommunication competition: much ado about nothing? (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 117-120 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Chronicles the USA's provision of telecoms services from the early 1970s. States it is unknown whether competition has been a success and whether today's competition is better than Bell's monopoly position of old. Pinpoints competition and subsidization and looks at how the US system works. Concludes that for competition proper all subsidy forms should be eliminated, which means access charge, etc., but wonders whether this could actually happen?
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  • 79
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    The billy goats gruff: a fairy tail for the third anniversary of the 1996 telecommunications act (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 121-125 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Chronicles a series of errors in the Telecommunications Act by using a "fairy tale" scenario to aid in explanation of this US 1996 procedure. Addresses local market jurisdiction and dual cost standards. Concludes many of the Act's goals remain largely unfulfilled as local exchange customers will not see the benefits the Act was hoped to deliver, until technology allows better delivery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800954
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  • 80
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    Doing well by doing good: the Gore Commission's hope for digital broadcasting in the public interest (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 127-131 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Recounts how, in 1977, President Clinton appointed an advisory committee (the Gore Commission) to chart a reasonable course for digital television, which at its simplest is much "snazzier" than analogue. Looks at public broadcast networks, such as cable and Mitsubishi's underwriting of 10-15 hours of weekly prime-time entertainment programming on CBS for one year, at a reported cost of $20,000 to $30,000 per hour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800963
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  • 81
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    Survival of the fittest: formation and development of international alliances in telecommunications (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 141-158 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Examines global aspirations of operators that have chosen to increase their global reach via a process of take-over rather then joint venture, considering their prospects. Discusses recent cell phone trends and concludes that it is difficult to pick winners at this point in history as their industry structure changes on an almost daily basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800981
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  • 82
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    The price of telecom competition: counting the cost of advertising and promotion (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 133-139 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Considers some costs with regard to long distance telephone services in the USA, particularly advertising and promotional expenses for US long distance telephone services between 1988 and 1997. Discusses shaping competition and advertising and promotional expenses, using Tables to give added emphasis. Concludes it is important to seek facts and make policy pragmatically.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800972
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  • 83
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    Convergence and the World Trade Organization (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 159-169 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Examines the impact of convergence on the various rules and agreements, administered by the WTO and vice versa. Concludes there is need to review provisions of some rules administered by the WTO to enable the multilateral trading system to deal adequately with convergence, and to ensure benefits are spread wide enough. Recommends the WTO should encourage policy reforms leading to widespread and efficient communications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800990
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  • 84
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    Last days of the free ride? The consequences of settlement-based interconnection for the Internet (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 225-238 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Tracks the evolution of Internet interconnection and charging arrangements, drawing comparisons with telecommunication carriers' arrangements. Focuses on how pricing arrangements could change ISP relationship's nature from peer- to hierarchy-based systems. Spotlights Internet basics and differences between telecoms and Internet pricing systems. Concludes that because of ISP, free riders and non-explicit service subsidies, days are numbered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801034
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  • 85
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    Telcos take over the world? (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 239-251 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Examines data demonstrating how the telecoms industry is affected by takeovers, mergers and stake acquisition. Catalogues the ability of companies to use cash instead of stock in all the highest capitalized companies. Explains happenings, reasons and long-term consequences for the global economy with regard to industrial restructuring, as it appears telecoms companies are taking the world over.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801043
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  • 86
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    Communication and the end of sovereignty? (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 313-326 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: The prospect that technological and social innovation in the use of communication and information technologies are bringing about an end to sovereignty has been a source of optimism, pessimism and ambivalence. It has captured the popular imagination and it can be found in the anxieties of national leaders about the mingling and collision of cultures and cultural products within and across their borders, and about growing awareness that environmental threats bow to no flag. According to much of this discourse, national governments are becoming increasingly powerless in their battles against real or imagined plights of cultural imperialism (and sub-imperialism, that is, cultural imperialism within states) and capital mobility, as well as in their efforts to effectively exercise political control through surveillance and censorship. The end of sovereignty is a theme in political discussions about new pressures brought on by global regimes of trade and investment, and by unprecedented levels of global criminal networks for drug trafficking, money laundering and trade in human flesh. Social movements and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have reflected this by recognizing the need to match the scale of the problems they confront with appropriately scaled collective action. This article examines the discourse about the end of sovereignty and therise of new institutions of global governance. Particular emphasis is given to how advancements in the means of communication have produced the ambivalent outcomes of threatening the democratic governance of sovereign states, and serving as foundations for the assertion of democratic rights and popular sovereignty on a global scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801098
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  • 87
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    The German cellular market: a case of involuntary competition? (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 355-365 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Examines empirical evidence of firm behaviour over time in Germany's cellular market. Shows operators concentrated initially on product characteristics competition, to avoid price competition. Posits decreasing degrees of product differentiation, not increasing operator numbers, was the chief cause of price decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801124
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  • 88
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    Has Telecom Italia broken the mould of European capitalism? (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 343-354 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Sets out to question whether massive restructuring of the Telecoms sector in Europe will happen and what, if any, effect this would have, based on the takeover battle for Telecom Italia, involving both domestic and foreign bidders. Concludes by analysing winners and losers in the takeover's aftermath with mainland Europe's possible consequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801115
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  • 89
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    The dim future of the book (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 5-10 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Stresses that books and reading as we know it are "old hat" and that electronic media is the newer, faster and cheaper way for creativity to go. Reckons that far from backing away we should embrace the new media in all its phases.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800855
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  • 90
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    Which rules for the online world? the European contribution (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 11-15 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Looks at e-commerce and the digital age and how it may impact on wealth and employment in the European Commission areas, which has launched an initiative aimed at strengthening international co-operation between public and private organizations and harness global rules for e-commerce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910800864
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  • 91
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    The road ahead: towards third generation mobile telecommunications (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 252-263 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Unravels the main points of the mobile telecoms industry that are likeliest to change, discussing prospects for diffusion of third generation technology. Illustrates the main factors likely to change in the mobile telecoms industry in the next few years and looks at its evolution. Uses figures to aid in explanation and concludes that predictions of how the industry will proceed are difficult to make at the present time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801052
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  • 92
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    Good governance in the age of cyberspace (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 264-270 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Argues a common framework is needed to help e-commerce stakeholders implement high quality governance in the emerging global information society. Considers essentials for good governance that revolve around sovereignty, regulation of markets, safeguarding access and competition and various other related areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801061
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  • 93
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    Employment in the information age: information technology and information work (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 271-283 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Examines information work changes in relation to investment in IT, from 1970-1995. States IT's tend to render routine information handling occupations redundant while simultaneously contributing to growth in non-routine handling of information. Employs an appendix giving information occupations as types of information work, with 6 different categories. Argues wide-scale investment in It's contributes to slowing employment growth but this requires more monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801070
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  • 94
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    Under siege: data privacy in Hong Kong and elsewhere (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 309-312 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Looks at an attempt by a Hong Kong legislator to find out the Chinese Government's information on her prior to their privacy law. Concludes the unwillingness of governments and courts to enforce basic privacy principles of international law and own national legislation, does not bode well for data privacy acts, with regard to the cots of human privacy and security.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801089
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  • 95
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    Mining and mapping web content (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 327-342 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Provides brief overviews of new interactive tools and indicators surrounding content analysis on the web, focusing on those windows and tools that are publicly accessible on the web. Contends emerging Internet indicators need to be further analysed if they are to be applied usefully in assisting the building of strategies. Finishes with a Table showing the structure of different domains mapped by AltaVista.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801106
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  • 96
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    Effective competition in European telecommunications: an analysis of recent regulatory developments (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 419-439 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Shows that some national governments' policy to promote specific market structures have either proved ineffective (France) or increased entry barriers, likely to raise industry cost (Spain). Argues high-speed cable modems are the way forward for the future. Concludes, in order to achieve long-term efficiency, the regulator should promote a mix of infrastructure and service competition to enable viability in the long term.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801179
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  • 97
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    The 1999 communications review: improving Europe's competitive position (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 477-483 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Provides and overview of the European Commission's review of electronic communications, sketching out how the regulatory framework will evolve. Sums up that the Commission wants to put in place a regulatory framework that promotes more competition and removes barriers to the internal market.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801205
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  • 98
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    Will competitors be allowed to compete? The regulation of long-term contracts in the telecommunications industry (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 441-447 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Elaborates on forthcoming change in the US telecoms industry. Wonders how competitors will be allowed to compete. Urges that regulators must focus on protecting competition and not competitors. In conclusion, reckons that consumers are best served by laws and regulations that protect the competitive process - not the competitors themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801188
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  • 99
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    Liberalizing telecommunications in Italy: the role of the regulator (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 449-453 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Looks at deregulation in telecommunications in Italy in 1998, and how the process has proceeded only slowly because of the lack of a legal market arbiter. Lists out the three processes of liberalization: implementation of EU liberalization directives; the institution of Italian regulators for telecommunications; and various regulatory policies implementation. Concludes telecommunications liberalization is a widely recognized benefit for customers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801197
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  • 100
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    The future is bright, the future is mobile (1999)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 1 (1999), S. 485-496 
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    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: Discusses the supply of mobile services, regulatory issues, questions of access to mobile services, pricing trends and the future for this sector. Provides a snapshot of the current state of the mobile phone industry worldwide, beginning with an examination of the boom in mobile cellular subscribers. Uses Figures for explanatory emphasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636699910801214
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