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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (11,673)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Elasticity
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Review article
  • 2005-2009  (63)
  • 1965-1969  (5,153)
  • 1935-1939  (3,962)
  • 1925-1929  (4,288)
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  • 1
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    Emerging roles for lipids in shaping membrane-protein function (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-22
    Description: Studies of membrane proteins have revealed a direct link between the lipid environment and the structure and function of some of these proteins. Although some of these effects involve specific chemical interactions between lipids and protein residues, many can be understood in terms of protein-induced perturbations to the membrane shape. The free-energy cost of such perturbations can be estimated quantitatively, and measurements of channel gating in model systems of membrane proteins with their lipid partners are now confirming predictions of simple models.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169427/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169427/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Rob -- Ursell, Tristan -- Wiggins, Paul -- Sens, Pierre -- DP1 OD000217/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000217-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084211/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084211-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):379-85. doi: 10.1038/nature08147.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. phillips@pboc.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Elasticity ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Membrane Lipids/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Giant-stroke, superelastic carbon nanotube aerogel muscles (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-21
    Description: Improved electrically powered artificial muscles are needed for generating force, moving objects, and accomplishing work. Carbon nanotube aerogel sheets are the sole component of new artificial muscles that provide giant elongations and elongation rates of 220% and (3.7 x 10(4))% per second, respectively, at operating temperatures from 80 to 1900 kelvin. These solid-state-fabricated sheets are enthalpic rubbers having gaslike density and specific strength in one direction higher than those of steel plate. Actuation decreases nanotube aerogel density and can be permanently frozen for such device applications as transparent electrodes. Poisson's ratios reach 15, a factor of 30 higher than for conventional rubbers. These giant Poisson's ratios explain the observed opposite sign of width and length actuation and result in rare properties: negative linear compressibility and stretch densification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aliev, Ali E -- Oh, Jiyoung -- Kozlov, Mikhail E -- Kuznetsov, Alexander A -- Fang, Shaoli -- Fonseca, Alexandre F -- Ovalle, Raquel -- Lima, Marcio D -- Haque, Mohammad H -- Gartstein, Yuri N -- Zhang, Mei -- Zakhidov, Anvar A -- Baughman, Ray H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 20;323(5921):1575-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1168312.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomimetic Materials/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; *Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry ; Static Electricity ; Temperature ; Tensile Strength
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Comment on "Remeasuring the double helix" (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: Mathew-Fenn et al. (Reports, 17 October 2008, p. 446) reported unexpected distance fluctuations in short end-labeled DNA constructs and interpreted them as evidence for cooperative DNA stretching modes. We show that when accounting for a subtle linker leverage effect, their data can be understood within standard noncooperative DNA elasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, Nils B -- Everaers, Ralf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):538; author reply 538. doi: 10.1126/science.1168786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre Blaise Pascal et Laboratoire de Physique, CNRS UMR 5672, Ecole Normale Superieure, Universite de Lyon, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA/*chemistry ; Elasticity ; Gold ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Models, Molecular ; Monte Carlo Method ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Self-healing and thermoreversible rubber from supramolecular assembly (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: Rubbers exhibit enormous extensibility up to several hundred per cent, compared with a few per cent for ordinary solids, and have the ability to recover their original shape and dimensions on release of stress. Rubber elasticity is a property of macromolecules that are either covalently cross-linked or connected in a network by physical associations such as small glassy or crystalline domains, ionic aggregates or multiple hydrogen bonds. Covalent cross-links or strong physical associations prevent flow and creep. Here we design and synthesize molecules that associate together to form both chains and cross-links via hydrogen bonds. The system shows recoverable extensibility up to several hundred per cent and little creep under load. In striking contrast to conventional cross-linked or thermoreversible rubbers made of macromolecules, these systems, when broken or cut, can be simply repaired by bringing together fractured surfaces to self-heal at room temperature. Repaired samples recuperate their enormous extensibility. The process of breaking and healing can be repeated many times. These materials can be easily processed, re-used and recycled. Their unique self-repairing properties, the simplicity of their synthesis, their availability from renewable resources and the low cost of raw ingredients (fatty acids and urea) bode well for future applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cordier, Philippe -- Tournilhac, Francois -- Soulie-Ziakovic, Corinne -- Leibler, Ludwik -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):977-80. doi: 10.1038/nature06669.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Matiere Molle et Chimie, UMR 7167 CNRS-ESPCI, Ecole Superieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallization ; Elasticity ; Fatty Acids/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mechanics ; Rheology ; Rubber/*chemistry ; Temperature ; Urea/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Materials science: the gift of healing (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mynar, Justin L -- Aida, Takuzo -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):895-6. doi: 10.1038/451895a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Elasticity ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mechanics ; Rubber/*chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Self-assembly of large and small molecules into hierarchically ordered sacs and membranes (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: We report here the self-assembly of macroscopic sacs and membranes at the interface between two aqueous solutions, one containing a megadalton polymer and the other, small self-assembling molecules bearing opposite charge. The resulting structures have a highly ordered architecture in which nanofiber bundles align and reorient by nearly 90 degrees as the membrane grows. The formation of a diffusion barrier upon contact between the two liquids prevents their chaotic mixing. We hypothesize that growth of the membrane is then driven by a dynamic synergy between osmotic pressure of ions and static self-assembly. These robust, self-sealing macroscopic structures offer opportunities in many areas, including the formation of privileged environments for cells, immune barriers, new biological assays, and self-assembly of ordered thick membranes for diverse applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Capito, Ramille M -- Azevedo, Helena S -- Velichko, Yuri S -- Mata, Alvaro -- Stupp, Samuel I -- 5-P50-NS054287/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5-R01-DE015920/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- 5-R01-EB003806/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 28;319(5871):1812-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1154586.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Chondrocytes/cytology ; Diffusion ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/*chemistry ; *Membranes, Artificial ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology/physiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Osmotic Pressure ; Peptides/*chemistry ; Permeability ; Polymers/*chemistry ; Static Electricity ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Stress and fold localization in thin elastic membranes (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Thin elastic membranes supported on a much softer elastic solid or a fluid deviate from their flat geometries upon compression. We demonstrate that periodic wrinkling is only one possible solution for such strained membranes. Folds, which involve highly localized curvature, appear whenever the membrane is compressed beyond a third of its initial wrinkle wavelength. Eventually the surface transforms into a symmetry-broken state with flat regions of membrane coexisting with locally folded points, reminiscent of a crumpled, unsupported membrane. We provide general scaling laws for the wrinkled and folded states and proved the transition with numerical and experimental supported membranes. Our work provides insight into the interfacial stability of such diverse systems as biological membranes such as lung surfactant and nanoparticle thin films.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pocivavsek, Luka -- Dellsy, Robert -- Kern, Andrew -- Johnson, Sebastian -- Lin, Binhua -- Lee, Ka Yee C -- Cerda, Enrique -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):912-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1154069.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute (JFI), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Gels ; Lipids/chemistry ; Mathematics ; *Membranes/chemistry ; *Membranes, Artificial ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; *Polyesters/chemistry ; Pulmonary Surfactants/chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical ; Thermodynamics ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Traction dynamics of filopodia on compliant substrates (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Cells sense the environment's mechanical stiffness to control their own shape, migration, and fate. To better understand stiffness sensing, we constructed a stochastic model of the "motor-clutch" force transmission system, where molecular clutches link F-actin to the substrate and mechanically resist myosin-driven F-actin retrograde flow. The model predicts two distinct regimes: (i) "frictional slippage," with fast retrograde flow and low traction forces on stiff substrates and (ii) oscillatory "load-and-fail" dynamics, with slower retrograde flow and higher traction forces on soft substrates. We experimentally confirmed these model predictions in embryonic chick forebrain neurons by measuring the nanoscale dynamics of single-growth-cone filopodia. Furthermore, we experimentally observed a model-predicted switch in F-actin dynamics around an elastic modulus of 1 kilopascal. Thus, a motor-clutch system inherently senses and responds to the mechanical stiffness of the local environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, Clarence E -- Odde, David J -- R01-GM-76177/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1687-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1163595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Actins/*physiology ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Compliance ; Computer Simulation ; Elastic Modulus ; Elasticity ; Growth Cones/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Models, Biological ; Myosin Type II/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Pseudopodia/*physiology ; Surface Tension
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Materials science. Adaptive composites (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaia, Richard -- Baur, Jeffery -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 25;319(5862):420-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1152931.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA. richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomimetic Materials ; Elasticity ; Elastomers ; *Nanostructures ; *Polymers ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Stimuli-responsive polymer nanocomposites inspired by the sea cucumber dermis (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: Sea cucumbers, like other echinoderms, have the ability to rapidly and reversibly alter the stiffness of their inner dermis. It has been proposed that the modulus of this tissue is controlled by regulating the interactions among collagen fibrils, which reinforce a low-modulus matrix. We report on a family of polymer nanocomposites, which mimic this architecture and display similar chemoresponsive mechanic adaptability. Materials based on a rubbery host polymer and rigid cellulose nanofibers exhibit a reversible reduction by a factor of 40 of the tensile modulus, for example, from 800 to 20 megapascals (MPa), upon exposure to a chemical regulator that mediates nanofiber interactions. Using a host polymer with a thermal transition in the regime of interest, we demonstrated even larger modulus changes (4200 to 1.6 MPa) upon exposure to emulated physiological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Capadona, Jeffrey R -- Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan -- Tyler, Dustin J -- Rowan, Stuart J -- Weder, Christoph -- R21 NS053798/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 NS053798-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1370-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1153307.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomimetic Materials/chemistry ; *Cellulose/chemistry ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Dermis ; Elasticity ; Epichlorohydrin/chemistry ; Ethylene Oxide/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Microelectrodes ; *Nanocomposites/chemistry ; Phase Transition ; *Polymers/chemistry ; *Sea Cucumbers ; Solvents ; Stress, Mechanical ; Temperature ; Tensile Strength ; Urochordata
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Biophysics. Enigmas of blood clot elasticity (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisel, John W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):456-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1154210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. weisel@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Blood Coagulation/*physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Elasticity ; Fibrin/*chemistry ; Fibrinogen/*chemistry ; Humans ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Tough, bio-inspired hybrid materials (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: The notion of mimicking natural structures in the synthesis of new structural materials has generated enormous interest but has yielded few practical advances. Natural composites achieve strength and toughness through complex hierarchical designs that are extremely difficult to replicate synthetically. We emulate nature's toughening mechanisms by combining two ordinary compounds, aluminum oxide and polymethyl methacrylate, into ice-templated structures whose toughness can be more than 300 times (in energy terms) that of their constituents. The final product is a bulk hybrid ceramic-based material whose high yield strength and fracture toughness [ approximately 200 megapascals (MPa) and approximately 30 MPa.m(1/2)] represent specific properties comparable to those of aluminum alloys. These model materials can be used to identify the key microstructural features that should guide the synthesis of bio-inspired ceramic-based composites with unique strength and toughness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munch, E -- Launey, M E -- Alsem, D H -- Saiz, E -- Tomsia, A P -- Ritchie, R O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1516-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1164865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aluminum Oxide/*chemistry ; Animals ; Calcium Carbonate/chemistry ; Ceramics/*chemistry ; Elasticity ; Freezing ; Gastropoda/chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Polymethyl Methacrylate/*chemistry
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  • 13
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    Role of intermolecular forces in defining material properties of protein nanofibrils (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: Protein molecules have the ability to form a rich variety of natural and artificial structures and materials. We show that amyloid fibrils, ordered supramolecular nanostructures that are self-assembled from a wide range of polypeptide molecules, have rigidities varying over four orders of magnitude, and constitute a class of high-performance biomaterials. We elucidate the molecular origin of fibril material properties and show that the major contribution to their rigidity stems from a generic interbackbone hydrogen-bonding network that is modulated by variable side-chain interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knowles, Tuomas P -- Fitzpatrick, Anthony W -- Meehan, Sarah -- Mott, Helen R -- Vendruscolo, Michele -- Dobson, Christopher M -- Welland, Mark E -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1900-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/*chemistry ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Insulin/chemistry ; Lactalbumin/chemistry ; Lactoglobulins/chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Molecular ; Muramidase/chemistry ; Nanostructures/*chemistry ; Peptide Termination Factors ; Peptides/*chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Prealbumin/chemistry ; Prions/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry ; Surface Tension ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain/chemistry
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  • 14
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    Single-molecule experiments in vitro and in silico (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: Single-molecule force experiments in vitro enable the characterization of the mechanical response of biological matter at the nanometer scale. However, they do not reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanical function. These can only be readily studied through molecular dynamics simulations of atomic structural models: "in silico" (by computer analysis) single-molecule experiments. Steered molecular dynamics simulations, in which external forces are used to explore the response and function of macromolecules, have become a powerful tool complementing and guiding in vitro single-molecule experiments. The insights provided by in silico experiments are illustrated here through a review of recent research in three areas of protein mechanics: elasticity of the muscle protein titin and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin; linker-mediated elasticity of the cytoskeleton protein spectrin; and elasticity of ankyrin repeats, a protein module found ubiquitously in cells but with an as-yet unclear function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sotomayor, Marcos -- Schulten, Klaus -- 1 R01 GM073655/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR05969/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1144-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ankyrin Repeat/*physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Connectin ; Elasticity ; Fibronectins/*physiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Muscle Proteins/*physiology ; Protein Kinases/*physiology ; Spectrin/*physiology ; Spectrum Analysis/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nonequilibrium mechanics of active cytoskeletal networks (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: Cells both actively generate and sensitively react to forces through their mechanical framework, the cytoskeleton, which is a nonequilibrium composite material including polymers and motor proteins. We measured the dynamics and mechanical properties of a simple three-component model system consisting of myosin II, actin filaments, and cross-linkers. In this system, stresses arising from motor activity controlled the cytoskeletal network mechanics, increasing stiffness by a factor of nearly 100 and qualitatively changing the viscoelastic response of the network in an adenosine triphosphate-dependent manner. We present a quantitative theoretical model connecting the large-scale properties of this active gel to molecular force generation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mizuno, Daisuke -- Tardin, Catherine -- Schmidt, C F -- Mackintosh, F C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):370-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, 1081HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Actins/*physiology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Elasticity ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*physiology ; Myosin Type II/*physiology ; Rheology ; Stress, Mechanical ; Viscosity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Selective harvest of sooty shearwater chicks : effects on population dynamics and sustainability (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2004. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Blackwell Publishing for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Animal Ecology 74 (2005): 589-600, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00929.x.
    Description: Selectivity of harvest influences harvest sustainability because individuals with different characteristics contribute differently to population growth. We investigate the effects of selection based on chick weight on a traditional harvest of the sooty shearwater Puffinus griseus by Rakiura Maori in New Zealand.
    Description: This research was funded by a New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology grant to Rakiura Maori and by the US Environmental Protection Agency (R-82908901–0). It was also supported by the University of Auckland Statistics Department, University of Otago, Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu, the New Zealand Department of Conservation, and Southwest Helicopters Ltd.
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Demography ; Matrix population models ; Petrel ; Traditional harvest
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Interactive effects of prey and p,p′-DDE on Burrowing Owl population dynamics (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 16 (2006): 666–677.
    Description: We used population models to explore the effects of the organochlorine contaminant p,p'DDE and fluctuations in vole availability on the population dynamics of Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia). Previous work indicated an interaction between low biomass of voles in the diet and moderate levels of p,p'DDE in Burrowing Owl eggs that led to reproductive impairment. We constructed periodic and stochastic matrix models that incorporated three vole population states observed in the field: average, peak and crash years. We modeled varying frequencies of vole crash years and a range of impairment of owl demographic rates in vole crash years. Vole availability had a greater impact on owl population growth rate than reproductive impairment if vole populations peaked and crashed frequently. However, this difference disappeared as the frequency of vole crash years declined to once per decade. Fecundity, the demographic rate most affected by p,p'DDE, had less impact on population growth rate than adult or juvenile survival. A life table response experiment of time-invariant matrices for average, peak and crash vole conditions showed that low population growth under vole crash conditions was due to low adult and juvenile survival rates, whereas the extremely high population growth under vole peak conditions was due to increased fecundity. Our results suggest that even simple models can provide useful insights into complex ecological interactions. This is particularly valuable when temporal or spatial scales preclude manipulative experimental work in the field or laboratory.
    Description: Field work was supported by grants from the U.S. Navy EFA West, California Department of Fish and Game, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to D. K. Rosenberg. Analysis was supported in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R-82908901-0).
    Keywords: Athene cunicularia ; Burrowing Owl ; DDE ; Elasticity ; Interactive effects ; Matrix population model ; Multiple stressors ; Population level risk assessment ; Prospective analysis
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    Three theorems of earthquake location (2006)
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Kunming, China, 4, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 306-312, pp. L13613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismology ; Location ; Review article ; BSSA
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    Direct test of static stress versus dynamic stress triggering of aftershocks (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Stockholm, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, vol. 33, no. 15, pp. 302-317, pp. L15318, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Stress ; Coulomb ; Aftershocks ; Review article ; GRL ; 7215 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; source ; observations ; (1240) ; 7223 ; Earthquake ; interaction, ; forecasting, ; and ; prediction ; (1217, ; 1242) ; 7230 ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; (1207, ; 1217, ; 1240, ; 1242).
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    Neotectonics and intraplate continental topography of the northern Alpine Foreland (2006)
    In:  Earth Science Reviews, London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 74, no. 3-4, pp. 127-196, pp. 2074, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Review article ; Geol. aspects ; lower ; and ; upper ; Rhine ; graben ; Vienna ; basin ; Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; ESR
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    TransformationsALP-A transect through a young collisional orogen: Introduction (2006)
    In:  Tectonophys., Berlin, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 414, no. 1-4, pp. 1-7, pp. L17301, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Review article ; Project report/description ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; eastern ; Alps ; Reflection seismics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Tectonics ; orogeny ; Plate tectonics ; AnisotropyS ; Paleomagnetism ; Geol. aspects ; Structural geology ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Velocity depth profile
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    Urban shakemap methodology for Bucharest (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 33, no. 14, pp. 383-384, pp. L14310
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Strong motions ; Site amplification ; Review article ; GRL ; 3255 ; Mathematical ; Geophysics: ; Spectral ; analysis ; (3205, ; 3280) ; 7212 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7294 ; Seismic ; instruments ; and ; networks ; (0935, ; 3025)
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    Analytical solution for a circular opening in an elastic-brittle-plastic rock (2006)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Philadelphia, 4, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 616-622, pp. 2061, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Stress ; Fracture ; Elasticity ; Rheology ; Rock mechanics ; IJRM ; Hoek-Brown ; yield ; criterion ; Mohr-Coulomb ; yield ; criterion
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    The changing shapes of active volcanoes: History, evolution, and future challenges for volcano geodesy (2006)
    In:  J. Volcanology Geothermal Res., Stockholm, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, vol. 150, no. 1-3, pp. 1-13, pp. L11308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Review article ; Volcanology ; Geodesy ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; JVGR
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    Overview of Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (2006)
    In:  Natural Hazards, Corvallis, x + 406 pp., Oregon State University Press, vol. 37, no. 1-2, pp. 23-37, pp. B06310, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Earthquake risk ; Modelling ; Review article ; Project report/description ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; seismic ; hazard ; analysis, ; damage ; assessment, ; casualty ; assessment, ; early ; seismic ; loss ; estimation ; NATHAZ
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    Comparison of short-term and time-independent earthquake forecast models for southern California (2006)
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 90-106, pp. B07304, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake hazard ; USA ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Statistical investigations ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Review article ; BSSA
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    Engineering cooperativity in biomotor-protein assemblies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: A biosynthetic approach was developed to control and probe cooperativity in multiunit biomotor assemblies by linking molecular motors to artificial protein scaffolds. This approach provides precise control over spatial and elastic coupling between motors. Cooperative interactions between monomeric kinesin-1 motors attached to protein scaffolds enhance hydrolysis activity and microtubule gliding velocity. However, these interactions are not influenced by changes in the elastic properties of the scaffold, distinguishing multimotor transport from that powered by unorganized monomeric motors. These results highlight the role of supramolecular architecture in determining mechanisms of collective transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diehl, Michael R -- Zhang, Kechun -- Lee, Heun Jin -- Tirrell, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. diehl@rice.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Elasticity ; Elastin/chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Kinesin/chemistry ; Microtubules/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fibrin fibers have extraordinary extensibility and elasticity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: Blood clots perform an essential mechanical task, yet the mechanical behavior of fibrin fibers, which form the structural framework of a clot, is largely unknown. By using combined atomic force-fluorescence microscopy, we determined the elastic limit and extensibility of individual fibers. Fibrin fibers can be strained 180% (2.8-fold extension) without sustaining permanent lengthening, and they can be strained up to 525% (average 330%) before rupturing. This is the largest extensibility observed for protein fibers. The data imply that fibrin monomers must be able to undergo sizeable, reversible structural changes and that deformations in clots can be accommodated by individual fiber stretching.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950267/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950267/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, W -- Jawerth, L M -- Sparks, E A -- Falvo, M R -- Hantgan, R R -- Superfine, R -- Lord, S T -- Guthold, M -- P41 EB002025/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL31048/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R41 CA10312/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R41 CA103120/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R41 CA103120-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):634.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Coagulation ; Elasticity ; Factor XIII/chemistry ; Fibrin/*chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Early Cretaceous spider web with its prey (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: The orb web is a spectacular evolutionary innovation that enables spiders to catch flying prey. This elegant, geometric structure is woven with silk fibers that are renowned for their superior mechanical properties. We used silk gland expression libraries to address a long-standing controversy concerning the evolution of the orb-web architecture. Contrary to the view that the orb-web design evolved multiple times, we found that the distribution and phylogeny of silk proteins support a single, ancient origin of the orb web at least 136 million years ago. Furthermore, we substantially expanded the repository of silk sequences that can be used for the synthesis of high-performance biomaterials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penalver, Enrique -- Grimaldi, David A -- Delclos, Xavier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amber ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Elasticity ; *Fossils ; Insects ; Mites ; Selection, Genetic ; *Silk ; *Spiders/classification/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program: a successful state-federal partnership (2005)
    In:  Natural Hazards, Paris, Pergamon, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 5-24, pp. 1246
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Earthquake risk ; Review article ; Earthquake hazard ; Project report/description ; NATHAZ
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    Methodological developments in geophysical assimilation modeling (2005)
    In:  Rev. Geophys., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 21-39, pp. RG2001, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Modelling ; Review article ; geophysical ; modeling ; assimilation ; knowledge ; synthesis ; epistemic ; cognition ; 3315 ; Atmospheric ; Processes: ; Data ; assimilation ; ROG ; 1816 ; Hydrology: ; Estimation ; and ; forecasting ; 1869 ; Stochastic ; hydrology ; 3265 ; Mathematical ; Geophysics: ; Stochastic ; processes ; (3235, ; 4468, ; 4475, ; 7857) ; 1847 ; Hydrology: ; Modeling
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    Postseismic and interseismic displacements near a strike-slip fault: A two-dimensional theory for general linear viscoelastic rheologies (2005)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 110, no. B10, pp. 341-374, pp. B10401, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Rheology ; Inelastic ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Two-dimensional ; Plate tectonics ; JGR
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    Determination of stress fields in the elastic lithosphere by methods based on stress orientations (2005)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dr. W. Junk, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 66-88, pp. L08304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Borehole breakouts ; Borehole geophys. ; Two-dimensional ; principal ; Stress ; Rock mechanics ; Inversion ; Elasticity ; Tectonics ; Modelling ; Europe ; Australia ; IJRM ; Stress ; trajectories ; Regional ; stress ; Platform ; Boundary ; value ; problems ; World Stress Map (Project)
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    Integration of geophysical and geological data and numerical models in basins - preface to spec. iss. (2005)
    In:  Tectonophys., Zagreb, 3-4, vol. 397, no. 1-2, pp. 1-3, pp. B01413, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Review article ; Modelling ; rifting ; Geol. aspects ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Tectonics ; Geomagnetics ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; Inversion ; Stress ; ConvolutionE
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    Future trends in paleoseismology: Integrated study of the seismic landscape as a vital tool in seismic hazard analyses (2005)
    In:  Tectonophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 408, no. 1-4, pp. 3-21, pp. L09602, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Review article ; paleo ; Seismicity ; Geol. aspects ; Earthquake hazard ; Quaternary ; Geomorphology
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    Heat flow, heat transfer and lithosphere rheology in geothermal areas: Features and examples (2005)
    In:  J. Volcanology Geothermal Res., Jena, Scientific American, vol. 148, no. 1-2, pp. 3-19, pp. RG4001, 29 pp., (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Geothermics ; Rheology ; Review article ; JVGR ; surface ; heat ; flow ; geothermal ; fields
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    Introduction to special section: Stress transfer, earthquake triggering, and time-dependent seismic hazard (2005)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Houston, Akademie-Verlag, vol. 110, no. B5, pp. 899-902, pp. B05S01, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Review article ; Stress ; Coulomb ; trigger ; Earthquake hazard ; JGR ; 3245 ; Mathematical ; Geophysics: ; Probabilistic ; forecasting ; (3238) ; 7245 ; Seismology: ; Mid-ocean ; ridges ; 7209 ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; FROTH
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    Preface (2005)
    In:  Natural Hazards, Paris, Pergamon, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1-4, pp. 1246
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Earthquake risk ; Review article ; Earthquake hazard ; Project report/description ; NATHAZ ; BPR ; = ; bottom ; pressure ; recorder ; DARPA ; = ; Defense ; Advanced ; Research ; Projects ; Agency ; MOST ; = ; Method ; of ; Splitting ; Tsunamis ; PMEL ; = ; Pacific ; Marine ; Environmental ; Laboratory ; NASA ; = ; National ; Aeronautics ; and ; Space ; Administration ; NTHMP ; = ; National ; Tsunami ; Hazard ; Mitigation ; Program ; NOAA ; = ; National ; Oceanic ; and ; Atmospheric ; Administration ; PDC ; = ; Pacific ; Disaster ; Center ; TWC ; = ; Tsunami ; Warning ; Center
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    Earthquakes and strain in subhorizontal slabs (2005)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 110, no. B8, pp. 65-84, pp. B08303, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Elasticity ; Strain ; Plate tectonics ; Modelling ; JGR
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    Stress variability and brittle tectonic structures (2005)
    In:  Earth Science Reviews, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 70, no. 1-2, pp. 103-127, pp. 2501, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Stress ; Structural geology ; Review article ; deformation ; faults ; joints ; partitioning ; ESR
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    The Global Geodetic Observing System -- Preface (2005)
    In:  Journal of Geodynamics, Luxembourg, Pergamon, vol. 40, no. 4-5, pp. 355-356, pp. L04605, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Review article ; Global Positioning System ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; Satellite Laser Ranging ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Earth rotation ; JGD
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    Quasi-static thermoelastic deformation in an elastic half-space: theory and application to InSAR observations at Izu-Oshima volcano, Japan (2005)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Karlsruhe, 3-4, vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 230-242, pp. B10302, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geothermics ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Volcanology ; Geodesy ; point ; heat ; source ; / ; spherical, ; half-space ; GJI ; deformation, ; geodesy, ; thermoelasticity, ; volcanology
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    Hydromechanical coupling in response to earthquakes: on the possible consequences for aftershocks (2005)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Berlin, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 113-129, pp. B04307, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Fluids ; Aftershocks ; pressure ; triggering ; Stress ; Coulomb ; GJI ; aftershocks ; fluid ; low, ; hydrological ; anomalies, ; poroelastic ; coupling, ; stress ; transfer ; Rice ; Cleary ; 1976 ; Three dimensional ; Finite difference method
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    Progress in NTHMP hazard assessment (2005)
    In:  Natural Hazards, Bonn, Pergamon, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 89-110, pp. B05S04, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Earthquake hazard ; Review article ; NATHAZ ; Gonzales ; modeling ; - ; mapping ; - ; hazard ; assessment ; - ; National ; Tsunami ; Hazard ; Mitigation ; Program ; - ; emergency ; management ; - ; evacuation
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    Geometry and segmentation mechanisms of the surface traces associated with the 1912 Selsund Earthquake, Southern Iceland (2005)
    In:  Tectonophys., Beijing, Pergamon, vol. 404, no. 3-4, pp. 133-149, pp. 2135
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Structural geology ; Review article ; Strike-slip ; Strike-slip ; fault ; En-echelon ; pattern ; Segmentation ; mechanisms ; Fracture ; nucleation ; Push-ups
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    Tectonic strain in plate interiors? (2005)
    In:  Nature, Potsdam, ZIPE, vol. 438, no. 7070, pp. 157-168, pp. 2156, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Stress ; Strain ; Plate tectonics ; Tectonics ; Review article
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    Review of paleoseismological and active fault studies in Taiwan in the light of the Chichi earthquake of September 21, 1999 (2005)
    In:  Tectonophys., Kyoto, AGU, vol. 408, no. 1-4, pp. 63-77, pp. 2215, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Review article ; paleo ; Seismicity ; Geol. aspects ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake ; Chi-Chi ; China ; Earthquake ; fault ; Trenching ; study ; Coseismic ; coastal ; uplift
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    Aceh-Andaman earthquake: What happened and what's next? (2005)
    In:  Nature, Dordrecht, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 434, no. 7033, pp. 573-574, pp. TC5003, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Review article ; Earthquake ; Indonesian ; Tsunami(s) ; Magnitude ; rupture ; length ; discussion ; JZSCHAU ; FROTH
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    Displacement and stress Green's functions for a constant slip-rate on a quadrantal fault (2005)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 162, no. 3, pp. 1007-1023, pp. L16602, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Source ; Wave propagation ; Dynamic ; Seismology ; Boundary Element Method ; rectangular, ; elastodynamics, ; fault ; model, ; wave ; propagation ; GJI
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    Linking dynamic elastic parameters to static state of stress: toward an integrated approach to subsurface stress analysis (2005)
    In:  Tectonophys., Warszawa, AGU, vol. 397, no. 1-2, pp. 167-179, pp. 2091, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Stress ; Physical properties of rocks ; Modelling ; Review article ; density ; elastic ; constants ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Inversion
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    Real-time tsunami forecasting: challenges and solutions (2005)
    In:  Natural Hazards, Warszawa, EGS, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 41-58, pp. L02611, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Review article ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Modelling ; NATHAZ ; Gonzales ; measurement, ; tsunami ; model, ; data ; assimilation, ; data ; inversion, ; tsunami ; warning, ; tsunameters, ; forecast, ; hazard ; mitigation
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    The dislocation theory: a consistent way for including the gravity effect in (visco)elastic plane-earth models (2005)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, AGU, vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 191-196, pp. L06307, 2 pp., (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Rheology ; Inelastic ; Layers ; Elasticity ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; GJI ; co- ; and ; post-seismic ; deformation, ; gravity ; effect, ; viscoelastic ; relaxation, ; 1960 ; Chilean ; earthquake ; WANGR ; FROTH ; FLORENZO
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    Developing Tsunami-Resilient Communities (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Amsterdam, Springer, vol. 1, pp. 225, (1-4020-3353-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Review article ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Modelling ; NATHAZ ; measurement, ; tsunami ; model, ; data ; assimilation, ; data ; inversion, ; tsunami ; warning, ; tsunameters, ; forecast, ; hazard ; mitigation
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    Effect of initial stress on the propagation of plane waves in a general anisotropic poroelastic medium (2005)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Deutsche Geophys. Gesellschaft, vol. 110, no. B11, pp. 703-710, pp. B11307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Wave propagation ; Waves ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; porosity ; Fluids ; Anisotropy ; JGR ; anisotropic ; poroelastic ; (APE) ; solid ; Biot's ; theory ; phase ; velocity ; attenuation ; 3285 ; Mathematical ; Geophysics: ; Wave ; propagation ; (0689, ; 2487, ; 4275, ; 4455, ; 6934) ; 5102 ; Physical ; Properties ; of ; Rocks: ; Acoustic ; properties ; 5144 ; Wave ; attenuation ; 7203 ; Seismology: ; Body ; waves ; 7260 ; Theory
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    Statistical Seismology (2005)
    Birkhäuser
    In:  London, 2nd ed., Birkhäuser, vol. 4, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN: 3-7643-7295-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Review article ; Seismology ; Statistical investigations ; Modelling ; Source ; PAG ; Omori ; Bath ; Gutenberg-Richter magnitude frequency b-value ; FractureT ; scaling ; Zuniga
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    On the singularity problem of the elastic-gravitational dislocation theory applied to plane-earth models (2005)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Taipei, AGU, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 195-207, pp. L06307, 2 pp., (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Rheology ; Inelastic ; Layers ; Elasticity ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; GRL ; 1242 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 3215 ; Mathematical ; Geophysics: ; Instability ; analysis ; 3238 ; Prediction ; (3245, ; 4263) ; 7212 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7260 ; Theory ; WANGR ; FROTH ; FLORENZO
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    Plate motions, slab dynamics and back-arc deformation (2005)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 149, no. 1-2, pp. 31-51, pp. B10401, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Review article ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Dynamic ; PEPI
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    An earthquake early warning system for the Romanian capital (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 1-12, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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    Physical limits and design principles for plant and fungal movements (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-28
    Description: The typical scales for plant and fungal movements vary over many orders of magnitude in time and length, but they are ultimately based on hydraulics and mechanics. We show that quantification of the length and time scales involved in plant and fungal motions leads to a natural classification, whose physical basis can be understood through an analysis of the mechanics of water transport through an elastic tissue. Our study also suggests a design principle for nonmuscular hydraulically actuated structures: Rapid actuation requires either small size or the enhancement of motion on large scales via elastic instabilities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skotheim, Jan M -- Mahadevan, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 27;308(5726):1308-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15919993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Wall/physiology ; Droseraceae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Elasticity ; Euphorbiaceae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Fungi/cytology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Movement ; Mucorales/cytology/physiology ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Plant Leaves/*physiology ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plants/anatomy & histology ; Pressure ; Time Factors ; Viscosity ; Water/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Self-organized origami (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: In origami, form follows the sequential spatial organization of folds. This requires continuous intervention and raises a natural question: Can origami arise through self-organization? We answer this affirmatively by examining the possible physical origin for the Miura-ori leaf-folding patterns that arise naturally in insect wings, leaves, and other laminae-like organelles. In particular, we point out examples where biaxial compression of an elastically supported thin film, such as that due to differential growth, shrinkage, desiccation, or thermal expansion, spontaneously generates these patterns, and we provide a simple theoretical explanation for their occurrence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mahadevan, L -- Rica, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1740.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. lm@deas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Betulaceae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Elasticity ; Mathematics ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Soft-tissue vessels and cellular preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-26
    Description: Soft tissues are preserved within hindlimb elements of Tyrannosaurus rex (Museum of the Rockies specimen 1125). Removal of the mineral phase reveals transparent, flexible, hollow blood vessels containing small round microstructures that can be expressed from the vessels into solution. Some regions of the demineralized bone matrix are highly fibrous, and the matrix possesses elasticity and resilience. Three populations of microstructures have cell-like morphology. Thus, some dinosaurian soft tissues may retain some of their original flexibility, elasticity, and resilience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schweitzer, Mary H -- Wittmeyer, Jennifer L -- Horner, John R -- Toporski, Jan K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1952-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine, Earth, Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. schweitzer@ncsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15790853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Vessels/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; Bone Demineralization Technique ; Bone Matrix ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology/*blood supply/*cytology ; Cell Separation ; DNA/analysis ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Elasticity ; Femur/anatomy & histology/blood supply ; *Fossils ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Montana ; Osteocytes/*cytology/ultrastructure ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Rapid chiral assembly of rigid DNA building blocks for molecular nanofabrication (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-13
    Description: Practical components for three-dimensional molecular nanofabrication must be simple to produce, stereopure, rigid, and adaptable. We report a family of DNA tetrahedra, less than 10 nanometers on a side, that can self-assemble in seconds with near-quantitative yield of one diastereomer. They can be connected by programmable DNA linkers. Their triangulated architecture confers structural stability; by compressing a DNA tetrahedron with an atomic force microscope, we have measured the axial compressibility of DNA and observed the buckling of the double helix under high loads.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodman, R P -- Schaap, I A T -- Tardin, C F -- Erben, C M -- Berry, R M -- Schmidt, C F -- Turberfield, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1661-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Chemistry, Physical ; DNA/*chemistry ; Dimerization ; Elasticity ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Structure ; *Nanostructures ; *Nanotechnology ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Stereoisomerism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: Normal tissue cells are generally not viable when suspended in a fluid and are therefore said to be anchorage dependent. Such cells must adhere to a solid, but a solid can be as rigid as glass or softer than a baby's skin. The behavior of some cells on soft materials is characteristic of important phenotypes; for example, cell growth on soft agar gels is used to identify cancer cells. However, an understanding of how tissue cells-including fibroblasts, myocytes, neurons, and other cell types-sense matrix stiffness is just emerging with quantitative studies of cells adhering to gels (or to other cells) with which elasticity can be tuned to approximate that of tissues. Key roles in molecular pathways are played by adhesion complexes and the actinmyosin cytoskeleton, whose contractile forces are transmitted through transcellular structures. The feedback of local matrix stiffness on cell state likely has important implications for development, differentiation, disease, and regeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Discher, Dennis E -- Janmey, Paul -- Wang, Yu-Li -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1139-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Science and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6315, USA. discher@seas.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Communication ; *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Organogenesis/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Electronic Resource
    Limiting polytope geometry for rigid rods, disks, and spheres (1969)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 1 (1969), S. 179-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Rigid spheres ; Rigid disks ; Rigid rods ; Elasticity ; High pressure ; Polytopes ; Convexity ; Crystal anharmonicity ; Pair correlation functions ; Multidimensional geometry ; Crystalline order ; Crystal defects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The available configuration space for finite systems of rigid particles separates into equivalent disconnected regions if those systems are highly compressed. This paper presents a study of the geometric properties of the limiting high-compression regions (polytopes) for rods, disks, and spheres. The molecular distribution functions represent cross sections through the convex polytopes, and for that reason they are obliged to exhibit single-peak behavior by the Brünn-Minkowski inequality. We demonstrate that increasing system dimensionality implies tendency toward nearest-neighbor particle-pair localization away from contact. The relation between the generalized Euler theorem for the limiting polytopes and cooperative “jamming” of groups of particles is explored. A connection is obtained between the moments of inertia of the polytopes (regarded as solid homogeneous bodies) and crystal elastic properties. Finally, we provide a list of unsolved problems in this geometrical many-body theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007250
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    Zur Reaktionsweise des Cyclopropenon-Systems, 6. Reaktionen des 3-Äthoxy-1.2-diphenyl-cyclopropenylium-Kations mit C-Nucleophilen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 319-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktivität des 3-Äthoxy-1.2-diphenyl-cyclopropenylium-Kations (1) gegenüber C-Anionen des Malodinitrils, Cyanessigesters, Benzylcyanids etc. wird systematisch untersucht. Das Nucleophil kann sowohl am C-3 als auch am C-1 von 1 angreifen; diese Konkurrenz ist von Solvens und Substituenteneffekten determiniert. Die entstehenden Produkte - Δ1-resp. Δ2-Cyclopropen-3-äthyläther 9 bzw. 10, Methylencyclopropen-Derivate (16) oder ringoffene 1 : 1-Addukte (20) - werden in ihrer Struktur aufgeklärt und ihr Bildungsmechanismus diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020137
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    Notiz über die Darstellung von 2.2.8.8-Tetramethyl-5-tert.-butyl-nonandion-(3.7) und 2.4.6-Tri-tert.-butyl-pyryliumperchlorat (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 374-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020142
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020101
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    Cyansäureester, XVII. Chemie des Dimethylsulfoxids, III. Säurekatalysierte Reaktion von aktivierten Cyanverbindungen mit Dimethylsulfoxid (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die protonenkatalysierte Umsetzung von Arylcyanaten mit Dimethylsulfoxid liefert im ersten Reaktionsschritt Carbamidsäureester, die bei längerer Reaktionsdauer oder erhöhter Temperatur durch intermediär gebildeten Formaldehyd zu N.N′-Methylen-bis-[carbamidsäurearylestern] (5) kondensieren. Der Mechanismus des Primärschritts wird als ein der Pummerer-Reaktion analoger Zerfall eines aktivierten Komplexes aus Arylcyanat, Dimethylsulfoxid und Proton erkannt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020105
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    Untersuchungen an der P=N-Doppelbindung, VIII. Nachweis der P=N—N=N—S-Struktur des 1:1-Adduktes von p-Toluolsulfonsäureazid an Triphenylphosphin durch 15N-Isotopenmarkierung (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 38-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phosphine können bei der Reaktion mit Aziden in α- oder γ-Position der Stickstoffkette angreifen. Für das in Substanz faßbare Staudinger-Addukt von Triphenylphosphin an Tosylazid belegen Infrarotspektren 15N-isotopenmarkierter Derivate eine unverzweigte R3P=Nγ—Nβ=Nα—X-Struktur. Bei der thermischen Zersetzung in Benzol zu N-Tosyl-P-triphenyl-phosphazen (4) wird nach massenspektroskopischen Untersuchungen ausschließlich γ.β-N2 abgespalten.
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    Zur Chemie der F—C—S-Verbindungen, 2. Perhalogenierte Sulfenylcarboxylate (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Umsetzungen von Cl3-nFnCSCl (n = 1,2,3) mit F3CCO2Ag liefern in guten Ausbeuten Verbindungen vom Typ , die bei 20° unbegrenzt haltbar sind. Erhitzt man (1) im Bombenrohr auf 170°, so bilden sich Kohlendioxid und F3CSCF3, während beim Bestrahlen mit UV-Licht Perfluoracetanhydrid, F3CSSCF3 und F3CSO2SCF3 entstehen. Bestrahlt man mit (2) UV-Licht, so bilden sich CO2 und Cl2FCSCF3. Aus Thionylchlorid und Cl3-nFnCCO2Ag (n = 2,3) konnten nur die entsprechenden Anhydride und SO2 isoliert werden. Analog liefert Silberperfluorbutyrat mit F3CSCl die Zersetzungsprodukte F3CSSCF3, F3CSO2SCF3 und (C3F7CO)2O.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020111
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    Enoläther, V. Die Reaktion von Thionylchlorid mit Enoläthern (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 104-111 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis-[β-chlor-β-alkoxy-äthyl]-sulfoxide 5 entstehen unter milden Bedingungen bei der Umsetzung von Thionylchlorid mit Vinyläthern im Molverhältnis 1:3. Bei der Reaktion C-substituierter Vinyläther mit Thionylchlorid sind nur 1 : 1-Additionsverbindungen isolierbar. - 5a bildet mit prim. und sek. Aminen Bis-[β-amino-vinyl]-sulfoxide 7, mit Triäthylamin das Eliminierungsprodukt 9 und durch intramolekulare Redox-Reaktion 10.
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    Zur Raumisomerie in der Pinanreihe, VIII. Die raumisomeren Pinandiole-(2.3) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 118-125 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Darstellung der zum trans-Pinansystem gehörenden Pinandiole-(2.3) (1 und 2) wird der konfigurative Zusammenhang der vier diastereomeren Pinandiole-(2.3) klar ersichtlich.
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    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, XLV. Synthese und Struktur von monomeren und dimeren Hexahydro-1.2.4.5.3.6-tetrazadiborin-Derivaten (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 167-179 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivate des Hexahydro-1.2.4.5.3.6-tetrazadiborins (1a) entstehen bei der Einwirkung von Organylhydrazinen auf Diaminoborane oder Phenylbordichlorid. Physikalische Untersuchungen legen eine aplanare Ringstruktur mit Bevorzugung der Wannenform nahe.Die Hydrazinolyse von HB[N(CH3)2]2 mit CH3HN—NHCH3 und CH3HN—NH2 ergibt Dimere dieses Ringsystems. Es sind Methylderivate der pentacyclischen Käfigverbindung 20. Das aus Hydrazin und Bis(dimethylamino)-boran zugängliche polymere (HB-NH-NH)n zersetzt sich oberhalb von 110° unter N2-Abspaltung zu (H2B-NH-NH-BH2)n.
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    Synthese des 3-Carbamoyl-pyridon-(6)-adenin-dinucleotids (6-Pyridon von NAD) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 196-204 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Dinucleotid 9 wurde aus dem Nucleotid 8 und einem Guanidinium-Salz des Adenosin-5′-phosphorsäure-amids zusammengesetzt. 8 erhielt man aus dem Silbersalz des 3-Carbamoyl-pyridons-(6) (1) und 2.3.5-Tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranosylchlorid über die O-Verbindung (2), die zum N-Ribosid (3) umgelagert und nach Entbenzoylierung und Acetonierung in 2′.3′-Stellung des Ribosids 4a mit Cyanäthylphosphat und Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid in 5′-Stellung zum Nucleotid 8 phosphoryliert wurde. Die β-Verknüpfung in 4a (und damit in 9) wurde u. a. durch Korrelation mit dem analogen Glucosid 4b so gut wie sichergestellt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020125
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    Untersuchung des H/D-Austauschs und der Protonenresonanz von 6-Dimethylamino-fulvenen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 243-254 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 6-Dimethylamino-fulven (1) wird von CH3OD im Sinne einer elektrophilen Substitution in 2- und 5-Stellung deuteriert; unter der Annahme einer Reaktion 1. Ordnung ergab sich in CH3OD/CDCl3 (3 : 1) bei 60° eine Halbwertszeit von 3.7 Stdn. H-3 und H-4 werden langsamer gegen Deuterium ausgetauscht, ebenso das Proton in der 4-Position von 6-Dimethylamino-2.3-benzo-fulven (15). Die π- und J-Werte von 1, 10, 15, 17 und 18 wurden ermittelt; die vicinalen Kopplungskonstanten der Fulvenprotonen erlauben Aussagen über die Beteiligung polarer Grenzstrukturen am Grundzustand.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020129
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    Halogenderivate des tetratertiären Phosphins Tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-methan und des tetratertiären Arsins Tetrakis-(diphenylarsinomethyl)-methan (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 289-296 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-methan, C[CH2P(C6H5)2]4, sowie Tetrakis(diphenylarsinomethyl)-methan, C[CH2As(C6H5)2]4, reagieren mit Halogenen zu Verbindungen des allgemeinen Typs C[CH2E(X)2(C6H5)2]4 (E = P, As; X = Cl, Br, J), in denen sämtliches Halogen im Festzustand und in Dichlormethan-Lösung kovalent gebunden ist. In stärker polaren Lösungsmitteln wie Dimethylformamid oder Acetonitril verhalten sich die Chlorderivate wie 1:2-, die Bromderivate wie 1 : 3- und die Jodverbindungen wie 1 : 4-Elektrolyte. Die aus sterischen Gründen mögliche Bildung von chlorverbrückten spirocyclischem, bromverbrückten bicyclischen und jodbrückenfreien Phosphonium- und Arsoniumkationen wird diskutiert.
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    Photochemische Reaktionen, VI. Photoumlagerungen von N-Phenyl-lactamen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 342-350 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Phenyl-pyrrolidon (1b) wird durch UV-Licht in N-Phenyl-pyrrol (9) übergeführt. N-Phenyllactame mit mindestens 7 Ringgliedern (1d-f) lassen sich photochemisch in guten Ausbeuten in die Benz-aza-cycloalkenone 4d-f umlagern. Die Struktur der Photolyseprodukte wird spektroskopisch, durch Derivate und durch Abbau zu Anthranilsäure gesichert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020138
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    Notiz zur Dehydrierung von Δ2-Pyrazolinen mit N-Bromsuccinimid (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 378-379 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020144
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    Notiz zur Darstellung des Trimethylchlorarsonium- und stibonium-hexachloroantimonats(V) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 380-381 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020145
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    α-Pyridyl-glyoxal (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 383-387 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese von α-Pyridyl-glyoxal (2) (in Lösung) und einige Eigenschaften werden beschrieben.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020202
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    Fragmentierungsreaktionen an Carbonylverbindungen mit β-ständigen elektronegativen Substituenten, XIIXI. Mitteil.: F. Nerdel, D . Frank und G. Barth, Chem. Ber. 102, 395 (1969), voranstehend.. Solvolyse von 1-p-Toluolsulfonyloxy-2-methyl-4-tert.-butyl-2-formyl-cyclohexanen und 1-p-Toluolsulfonyloxy-2-methyl-2-formyl-cyclohexanen bzw. -cyclopentanen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 407-416 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Solvolyse der Titelverbindungen ergibt ausschließlich Fragmentierung zu den entsprechenden Cycloalkenen, wenn Tosylat- und Aldehyd-Gruppe eine anti-periplanare Konformation einnehmen können. Ist dies ausgeschlossen, treten neben der Fragmentierung Ausweichreaktionen unter Wagner-Meerwein-Umlagerung ein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020205
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    Alkalisalze des o-Diäthinylbenzols (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 435-442 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus dem in flüssigem Ammoniak schwach sauren o-C6H4(C≡CH)2 (Ks1 ⋍ 7·10-6) werden durch die Neutralisationsreaktion (1) sowie die Verdrängungsreaktionen (2), (3) die Alkalisalze o-C6H4(C≡CM)2 (M=Li bis Cs) rein dargestellt und ihre IR-Spektren diskutiert. Durch konduktometrische Titration in flüssigem Ammoniak wird die intermediäre Bildung der Monoalkalisalze bei der Neutralisationsreaktion (1) nachgewiesen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020210
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    Monosaccharide mit stickstoffhaltigem Ring, XIX. Synthese bicyclischer Derivate der 4-Amino-4-desoxy-L-xylose vom Pyrrolidin-Typ (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 459-468 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Amino-2-desoxy-D-glucit reagiert mit Aceton zur Diisopropylidenverbindung 9, die mit Chlorameisensäure-äthylester das cyclische Carbamat 11 liefert. Durch partielle Hydrolyse ist die 5.6-O-Isopropylidengruppe abspaltbar zu 12, welches durch Perjodatspaltung in die Pentose 13 übergeführt werden kann. Bei saurer Hydrolyse von 13 erfolgt spontan Ringschluß zur 4-Amino-4-N.5-O-carbonyl-4-desoxy-L-xylofuranose (17), einem Zucker vom Pyrrolidin-Typ. 17 und seine Derivate 15 und 16 zeigen eine Abweichung von der Hudsonschen Isorotationsregel.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020214
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    Substituierte Oxo-thiazolo[3.2-a]pyridine aus Cyanzimtsäurederivaten und Cysteamin (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 522-527 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von α-Cyanzimtsäurederivaten (1a, 1b, 1c) mit Cysteamin (2) bzw. dem Thiazolinylessigester 3 entsteht das Oxo-tetrahydro-thiazolo[3.2-a]pyridin 8, das leicht zum Oxo-dihydro-thiazolo[3.2-a]pyridin 7 dehydriert wird.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020219
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    Kleine anorganische Ringe, I. Ein cyclisches Alumosilazan-Kation und seine Gallium- und Indiumanalogen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 556-563 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Bis-trialkylphosphoranylidenamino-dialkyl-silanen (1 und 3) und doppelt-molaren Mengen Aluminium- oder Galliumtrialkylen werden ionisch aufgebaute Produkte (2, 4, 5, 8) gebildet, deren Kationen neuartige viergliedrige Ringsysteme enthalten. Diese kleinen Ringe vom Typ D sind Isostere der schon länger bekannten Verbindungsklassen A, B und C. Wie aus Konkurrenzexperimenten hervorgeht, werden Aluminiumatome den Galliumatomen als Ringglieder vorgezogen. Mit Indiumalkylen entstehen aus 1 nicht-ionische 2:1-Komplexe (9, 11), in denen jedes Stickstoffatom des zweizähligen Donators mit je einem Metallalkyl in Wechselwirkung tritt. Eigenschaften und NMR-Spektren der neuen Verbindungen werden angegeben und diskutiert.
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    Eine einfache Synthese von Benzazoliumsalzen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 568-574 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unter sehr milden Bedingungen gelingt die Darstellung von Benzimidazolium- und Benzthiazoliumsalzen aus Carbonsäuren und o-substituierten N-Methyl-anilinen. Mit Ferrocencarbonsäure wurde ein Vertreter der bisher unbekannten Metall-π-Komplexe der Heteroanaloga des Sesquifulvalens erhalten.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020224
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    Monosaccharide mit stickstoffhaltigem Ring, XX. Darstellung freier 4-Amino-4.5-didesoxy-L-xylofuranose und 4-Amino-4-desoxy-L-xylofuranose. Dimerisierung zu einem Bis-Pyrrolidin-Zucker (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 469-487 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Freie 4-Amino-4.5-didesoxy-L-xylose und 4-Amino-4-desoxy-L-xylose wurden durch alkalische Spaltung aus ihren Derivaten 7 und 6 dargestellt und in ihren Reaktionen untersucht. Beide Verbindungen weisen in Lösung ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Pyrrolidin-Formen 11, 12, Δ1-Pyrrolin-Formen 13, 14 und den Dimeren 9, 10 auf, in dem die Dimeren 9, 10 weit überwiegen. Die Struktur der erhaltenen Dimeren 9, 10 folgt aus den NMR-Spektren von 9 und seiner Derivate und aus der Spaltung des N-Acetats 20 in 12 und 15. Die Dimeren werden durch Hydrierung, mit Schwefeldioxid und mit Blausäure glatt in monomere Derivate zerlegt. Sie sind gegenüber Salzsäurebehandlung überraschend stabil und bilden keine Pyrrolderivate.
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    Wasserstoffderivate, Radikale und Anionen des fünfbindigen PhosphorsS. vorläufige Mitteil.: D. Hellwinkel, Angew. Chem. 78, 985 (1966); Angew. Chem. internat. Edit. 5, 968 (1966). (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 528-547 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das spirocyclische Phosphoniumsalz 1 reagiert mit Lithiumalanat oder Natriumboranat zu Bis-2.2′-biphenylylen-phosphoran (2), das ungewöhnliche Spektraldaten aufweist. 2 kann seinen Wasserstoff als Proton, als Hydrid-Ion und überraschenderweise auch spontan als Atom abgeben! Das Bis-2.2′-biphenylylen-phosphoranyl-Radikal (3) liefert ein ESR-Dublett mit aP = 17.9 Gauß und dimerisiert u. a. zu einem Produkt 5 mit tri- und pentakoordiniertem Phosphor. Das durch Protonenabstraktion aus 2 erhältliche Phosphoranyl-Anion 4 steht im Gleichgewicht mit einem Phosphin-Carbanion 13, das auch unabhängig darstellbar ist.
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    Synthese von Poncirin, einem Isosakuranetin-7-β-neohesperidosid aus Poncirus trifoliata Raf (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 785-791 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das von Hattori und Mitarbb. erstmals aus den Blüten von Poncirus trifoliata isolierte und von Horowitz als Isosakuranetin-7-neohesperidosid aufgeklärte Poncirin 1a) wurde a) durch Kondensation von Phloracetophenon-4-neohesperidosid (2b) mit Anisaldehyd und Cyclisierung des primär erhaltenen Chalkonglykosides (3), b) durch Direktkupplung von Isosakuranetin (1) mit α-Acetobromneohesperidose nach Koenigs-Knorr und c) durch partielle Methylierung von Naringin (1c) synthetisiert. Die auf verschiedenen Wegen erhaltenen Glykoside stimmten untereinander und mit dem natürlichen Poncirin überein. Damit ist die Struktur 5.7-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-flavanon-7-β-[2-O-α-L-rhamnopyra nosyl-D-glucopyranosid] (1a) für das Poncirin bewiesen.
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    Die Konstitution von 2exo-Methyl-norbornanol-(5exo) und -(6exo) (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 815-819 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Konstitution von 2exo-Methyl-norbornanol-(5exo) und -(6exo) (11 und 6) wird durch eine eindeutige Vergleichssynthese des 2exo-Methyl-norbornanols-(5exo) (11) bewiesen. 2exo-Methyl-norbornanol-(6exo) (6) wird in geringer Menge bei der Umlagerung von tertiärem 2endo-Methyl-norbornanol-(2exo) (9) mit Ameisensäure erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020314
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    Diels-Alder-Reaktion von α-Pyronen mit elektronenreichen Olefinen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2835-2850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Im Sinne einer Diels-Alder-Reaktion mit inversem Elektronenbedarf geben Cumalinsäureester (1) mit Ketenacetalen 1:1-Addukte der Struktur 3. Ihre Thermolyse führt führt zu 4-Alkoxy-benzoesäureestern, die Solvolyse zu 4-Alkoxy-isophthalsäuren bzw. -estern. 1 nimmt 2 Mol Äthylvinyläther (als elektronenreiches Dienophil) unter CO2-Abspaltung auf. Mit 1.1-Bis-[p-dimethylamino-phenyl]-äthen (13) und 1 unterbleibt die Dien-Synthese; es erfolgt vermutlich Anlagerung an die 5.6-Doppelbindung des Pyronringes zu 15.Aus Ketendiäthylacetal und Isodehydracetsäure-äthylester bzw. seinem 3-Nitroderivat entstehen unmittelbar die Benzoesäure-äthylester 10a bzw. 10b. Auch Ketenaminale, Keten-O.N-acetal oder das Inamin 16 reagieren mit Cumalinsäureestern entsprechend zu 12a, 12b und 17.Als 1.3-Dipolarophil addiert das Addukt 3c Diazomethan bzw. Phenylazid zu tricyclischen Reaktionsprodukten der vermutlichen Struktur 18 bzw. 20, deren Pyrolyse untersucht wird.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020841
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  • 92
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    Zur Chemie des Indols, VI. α.β′-Diindolylmethane und -methene. Der Urorosein-Chromophor (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1347-1356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Urorosein entsteht durch Polykondensation von Indolyl-(3)-glykolsäure und anschließende Oxydation, wobei sich der α.β′-Diindolylmethen-Chromophor bildet. α.β′-Diindolylmethen (1-5) werden durch Reaktion von α-freien und β-freien Indolen mit Glyoxylsäure, α.β′-Diindolymethene (10-12) aus α-Formyl-indolen mit β-freien Indolen gewonnen. Oxo-β.β′- (13-16) und Oxo-α.β′-diindolylmethene (17-20) entstehen aus β-bzw. α-Formyl-indolen mit Oxindolen.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020430
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  • 93
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    Isoindole, I (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1357-1362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Einwirkung von Vilsmeier-Reagenz auf Phthalimidine im Verhältnis 2 : 1 bilden sich Halogen-formyl-isoindole 3. Als Zwischenprodukte kann man Isoindolenine 2 bzw. deren Salze 1 isolieren. Bei Reaktion im Verhältnis 1 : 1 entsteht Verbindung 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020431
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  • 94
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    Natürliche Stilbene. Synthese von Polyhydroxystilbenäthern durch Wittig-Reaktion (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2881-2888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bisher schwer zugängliche Äther verschiedener natürlich vorkommender Polyhydroxystilbene werden mit 60-95% Ausbeute durch Wittig-Reaktion erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020902
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  • 95
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    Alkoxy-diazenium-Salze, III. Acyldiazene durch Reaktion mit Carboxylaten (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2889-2899 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkoxy-diazenium-Salze 1 bzw. 2 reagieren nach Gl. (1) mit Carboxylaten zu Aryl- oder Alkyl-acyl-diazenen 4. Die Reaktion besitzt große Variationsbreite und erlaubt die Vereinfachung der Peptidsynthese über phenyldiazen-aktivierte Carboxylgruppen. Aus 1 und Cyanat-Ionen entstehen 3-Hydroxy-1.2.4-triazole (24a-c). Die Existenz des als Zwischenstufe postulierten 1.3-Dipols 9 wird durch Abfangen mit Acetylen-dicarbonester zu Pyrazolen 27a, b wahrscheinlich gemacht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020903
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  • 96
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    Induktiver und mesomerer Effekt phosphorhaltiger Substituenten, bestimmt durch 19F-NMR-Messungen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2922-2929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 14 weiter neue p-fluor-phenylsubstituierte Organophosphorverbindungen wurden dargestellt und aus ihren 19F-NMR-Spektren die Hammettschen σp-Werte bestimmt. Von dem nun insgesamt vorliegenden Material wurden die Parameter und σRm berechnet und diskutiert, um damit die phosphorhaltigen Substituenten hinsichtlich ihres induktiven und mesomeren Verhaltens quantitativ festlegen zu können.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020906
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  • 97
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    Reaktivität des Phenyl-chinoxalinyl-(2)-glyoxals (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1418-1421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese der Titelverbindung (2) sowie ihre Umsetzung mit o-Phenylendiamin und Amidrazonen zu den Heterocyclen 4-6 wird beschrieben. Unter den Bedingungen der Benzilsäureumlagerung und beim Versuch der alkalisch katalysierten Kondensation mit Dibenzylketon entstehen unerwartete Produkte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020437
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  • 98
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    Isonitrile, III. Umsetzungen von 2.3-Bis-alkylimino-oxetanen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1410-1417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2.3-Bis-alkylimino-oxetane (3) reagieren mit Verbindungen HX zu den offenkettigen Amiden 6, während sie in Gegenwart von Lewis-Säuren zu den ungesättigten Amiden 5 isomerisiert werden können. Die Abhängigkeit beider Möglichkeiten von der Struktur des Oxetans und den Reaktionsbedingungen wird herausgestellt. Von Aldehyden abgeleitete Oxetane (3, R1=H) reagieren mit Carbonsäuren unter Acylwanderung zu den Enolamiden 21. Weitere Reaktionen von Carbonylverbindungen mit Isonitrilen werden in einer Übersicht zusammengefaßt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020436
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    Reaktionen mit Cyclobutendionen, IV. Über die Umsetzung von 2-Brom-1-phenyl-cyclobuten-(1)-dion-(3.4) mit o-Phenylendiaminen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1422-1430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Brom-1-phenyl-cyclobutendion reagiert mit o-Phenylendiaminen zu 1-Phenyl-2.8-dihydrocyclobuta[b]chinoxalinonen-(2) 1. Der Strukturbeweis wird mittels spektroskopischer Methoden und durch alkalischen Abbau geführt. Bei Verwendung unsymmetrischer o-Diamine wird die differenzierte Basizität der Aminogruppen als ausschlaggebend für die Stellung der Substituenten erkannt. Das Auftreten von Nebenprodukten 2 beim Einsetzen von symmetrischen o-Diaminen gibt Aufschluß über den Reaktionsmechanismus.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020438
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    Reaktionen mit Cyclobutendionen, V. Über die Umsetzung von 2-Brom-1-phenyl-cyclobuten-(1)-dion-(3.4) mit primären, sekundären und tertiären aromatischen Monoaminen und p-Diaminen (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1431-1438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung bildet mit primären und sekundären aromatischen Monoaminen und p-Diaminen die vinylogen Amide und Bis-amide 1-5. Dimethylanilin wird in p-Stellung elektrophil substituiert (6). Phenylcyclobutendion liefert mit Dimethylanilin unter 1.4-Addition das Arylierungsprodukt 7.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19691020439
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