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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,365)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Elasticity
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • 2005-2009  (35)
  • 2000-2004  (77)
  • 1935-1939  (3,955)
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  • 1
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    Emerging roles for lipids in shaping membrane-protein function (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-22
    Description: Studies of membrane proteins have revealed a direct link between the lipid environment and the structure and function of some of these proteins. Although some of these effects involve specific chemical interactions between lipids and protein residues, many can be understood in terms of protein-induced perturbations to the membrane shape. The free-energy cost of such perturbations can be estimated quantitatively, and measurements of channel gating in model systems of membrane proteins with their lipid partners are now confirming predictions of simple models.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169427/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169427/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Rob -- Ursell, Tristan -- Wiggins, Paul -- Sens, Pierre -- DP1 OD000217/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000217-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084211/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084211-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):379-85. doi: 10.1038/nature08147.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. phillips@pboc.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Elasticity ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Membrane Lipids/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Giant-stroke, superelastic carbon nanotube aerogel muscles (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-21
    Description: Improved electrically powered artificial muscles are needed for generating force, moving objects, and accomplishing work. Carbon nanotube aerogel sheets are the sole component of new artificial muscles that provide giant elongations and elongation rates of 220% and (3.7 x 10(4))% per second, respectively, at operating temperatures from 80 to 1900 kelvin. These solid-state-fabricated sheets are enthalpic rubbers having gaslike density and specific strength in one direction higher than those of steel plate. Actuation decreases nanotube aerogel density and can be permanently frozen for such device applications as transparent electrodes. Poisson's ratios reach 15, a factor of 30 higher than for conventional rubbers. These giant Poisson's ratios explain the observed opposite sign of width and length actuation and result in rare properties: negative linear compressibility and stretch densification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aliev, Ali E -- Oh, Jiyoung -- Kozlov, Mikhail E -- Kuznetsov, Alexander A -- Fang, Shaoli -- Fonseca, Alexandre F -- Ovalle, Raquel -- Lima, Marcio D -- Haque, Mohammad H -- Gartstein, Yuri N -- Zhang, Mei -- Zakhidov, Anvar A -- Baughman, Ray H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 20;323(5921):1575-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1168312.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomimetic Materials/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; *Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry ; Static Electricity ; Temperature ; Tensile Strength
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Comment on "Remeasuring the double helix" (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: Mathew-Fenn et al. (Reports, 17 October 2008, p. 446) reported unexpected distance fluctuations in short end-labeled DNA constructs and interpreted them as evidence for cooperative DNA stretching modes. We show that when accounting for a subtle linker leverage effect, their data can be understood within standard noncooperative DNA elasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, Nils B -- Everaers, Ralf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):538; author reply 538. doi: 10.1126/science.1168786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre Blaise Pascal et Laboratoire de Physique, CNRS UMR 5672, Ecole Normale Superieure, Universite de Lyon, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA/*chemistry ; Elasticity ; Gold ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Models, Molecular ; Monte Carlo Method ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Self-healing and thermoreversible rubber from supramolecular assembly (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: Rubbers exhibit enormous extensibility up to several hundred per cent, compared with a few per cent for ordinary solids, and have the ability to recover their original shape and dimensions on release of stress. Rubber elasticity is a property of macromolecules that are either covalently cross-linked or connected in a network by physical associations such as small glassy or crystalline domains, ionic aggregates or multiple hydrogen bonds. Covalent cross-links or strong physical associations prevent flow and creep. Here we design and synthesize molecules that associate together to form both chains and cross-links via hydrogen bonds. The system shows recoverable extensibility up to several hundred per cent and little creep under load. In striking contrast to conventional cross-linked or thermoreversible rubbers made of macromolecules, these systems, when broken or cut, can be simply repaired by bringing together fractured surfaces to self-heal at room temperature. Repaired samples recuperate their enormous extensibility. The process of breaking and healing can be repeated many times. These materials can be easily processed, re-used and recycled. Their unique self-repairing properties, the simplicity of their synthesis, their availability from renewable resources and the low cost of raw ingredients (fatty acids and urea) bode well for future applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cordier, Philippe -- Tournilhac, Francois -- Soulie-Ziakovic, Corinne -- Leibler, Ludwik -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):977-80. doi: 10.1038/nature06669.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Matiere Molle et Chimie, UMR 7167 CNRS-ESPCI, Ecole Superieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallization ; Elasticity ; Fatty Acids/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mechanics ; Rheology ; Rubber/*chemistry ; Temperature ; Urea/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Materials science: the gift of healing (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mynar, Justin L -- Aida, Takuzo -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):895-6. doi: 10.1038/451895a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Elasticity ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mechanics ; Rubber/*chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Self-assembly of large and small molecules into hierarchically ordered sacs and membranes (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: We report here the self-assembly of macroscopic sacs and membranes at the interface between two aqueous solutions, one containing a megadalton polymer and the other, small self-assembling molecules bearing opposite charge. The resulting structures have a highly ordered architecture in which nanofiber bundles align and reorient by nearly 90 degrees as the membrane grows. The formation of a diffusion barrier upon contact between the two liquids prevents their chaotic mixing. We hypothesize that growth of the membrane is then driven by a dynamic synergy between osmotic pressure of ions and static self-assembly. These robust, self-sealing macroscopic structures offer opportunities in many areas, including the formation of privileged environments for cells, immune barriers, new biological assays, and self-assembly of ordered thick membranes for diverse applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Capito, Ramille M -- Azevedo, Helena S -- Velichko, Yuri S -- Mata, Alvaro -- Stupp, Samuel I -- 5-P50-NS054287/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5-R01-DE015920/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- 5-R01-EB003806/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 28;319(5871):1812-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1154586.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Chondrocytes/cytology ; Diffusion ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/*chemistry ; *Membranes, Artificial ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology/physiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Osmotic Pressure ; Peptides/*chemistry ; Permeability ; Polymers/*chemistry ; Static Electricity ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
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    Stress and fold localization in thin elastic membranes (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Thin elastic membranes supported on a much softer elastic solid or a fluid deviate from their flat geometries upon compression. We demonstrate that periodic wrinkling is only one possible solution for such strained membranes. Folds, which involve highly localized curvature, appear whenever the membrane is compressed beyond a third of its initial wrinkle wavelength. Eventually the surface transforms into a symmetry-broken state with flat regions of membrane coexisting with locally folded points, reminiscent of a crumpled, unsupported membrane. We provide general scaling laws for the wrinkled and folded states and proved the transition with numerical and experimental supported membranes. Our work provides insight into the interfacial stability of such diverse systems as biological membranes such as lung surfactant and nanoparticle thin films.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pocivavsek, Luka -- Dellsy, Robert -- Kern, Andrew -- Johnson, Sebastian -- Lin, Binhua -- Lee, Ka Yee C -- Cerda, Enrique -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):912-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1154069.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute (JFI), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Gels ; Lipids/chemistry ; Mathematics ; *Membranes/chemistry ; *Membranes, Artificial ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; *Polyesters/chemistry ; Pulmonary Surfactants/chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical ; Thermodynamics ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Traction dynamics of filopodia on compliant substrates (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Cells sense the environment's mechanical stiffness to control their own shape, migration, and fate. To better understand stiffness sensing, we constructed a stochastic model of the "motor-clutch" force transmission system, where molecular clutches link F-actin to the substrate and mechanically resist myosin-driven F-actin retrograde flow. The model predicts two distinct regimes: (i) "frictional slippage," with fast retrograde flow and low traction forces on stiff substrates and (ii) oscillatory "load-and-fail" dynamics, with slower retrograde flow and higher traction forces on soft substrates. We experimentally confirmed these model predictions in embryonic chick forebrain neurons by measuring the nanoscale dynamics of single-growth-cone filopodia. Furthermore, we experimentally observed a model-predicted switch in F-actin dynamics around an elastic modulus of 1 kilopascal. Thus, a motor-clutch system inherently senses and responds to the mechanical stiffness of the local environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, Clarence E -- Odde, David J -- R01-GM-76177/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1687-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1163595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Actins/*physiology ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Compliance ; Computer Simulation ; Elastic Modulus ; Elasticity ; Growth Cones/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Models, Biological ; Myosin Type II/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Pseudopodia/*physiology ; Surface Tension
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Materials science. Adaptive composites (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaia, Richard -- Baur, Jeffery -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 25;319(5862):420-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1152931.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA. richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomimetic Materials ; Elasticity ; Elastomers ; *Nanostructures ; *Polymers ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Stimuli-responsive polymer nanocomposites inspired by the sea cucumber dermis (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: Sea cucumbers, like other echinoderms, have the ability to rapidly and reversibly alter the stiffness of their inner dermis. It has been proposed that the modulus of this tissue is controlled by regulating the interactions among collagen fibrils, which reinforce a low-modulus matrix. We report on a family of polymer nanocomposites, which mimic this architecture and display similar chemoresponsive mechanic adaptability. Materials based on a rubbery host polymer and rigid cellulose nanofibers exhibit a reversible reduction by a factor of 40 of the tensile modulus, for example, from 800 to 20 megapascals (MPa), upon exposure to a chemical regulator that mediates nanofiber interactions. Using a host polymer with a thermal transition in the regime of interest, we demonstrated even larger modulus changes (4200 to 1.6 MPa) upon exposure to emulated physiological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Capadona, Jeffrey R -- Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan -- Tyler, Dustin J -- Rowan, Stuart J -- Weder, Christoph -- R21 NS053798/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 NS053798-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1370-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1153307.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomimetic Materials/chemistry ; *Cellulose/chemistry ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Dermis ; Elasticity ; Epichlorohydrin/chemistry ; Ethylene Oxide/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Microelectrodes ; *Nanocomposites/chemistry ; Phase Transition ; *Polymers/chemistry ; *Sea Cucumbers ; Solvents ; Stress, Mechanical ; Temperature ; Tensile Strength ; Urochordata
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Biophysics. Enigmas of blood clot elasticity (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisel, John W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):456-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1154210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. weisel@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Blood Coagulation/*physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Elasticity ; Fibrin/*chemistry ; Fibrinogen/*chemistry ; Humans ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Tough, bio-inspired hybrid materials (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: The notion of mimicking natural structures in the synthesis of new structural materials has generated enormous interest but has yielded few practical advances. Natural composites achieve strength and toughness through complex hierarchical designs that are extremely difficult to replicate synthetically. We emulate nature's toughening mechanisms by combining two ordinary compounds, aluminum oxide and polymethyl methacrylate, into ice-templated structures whose toughness can be more than 300 times (in energy terms) that of their constituents. The final product is a bulk hybrid ceramic-based material whose high yield strength and fracture toughness [ approximately 200 megapascals (MPa) and approximately 30 MPa.m(1/2)] represent specific properties comparable to those of aluminum alloys. These model materials can be used to identify the key microstructural features that should guide the synthesis of bio-inspired ceramic-based composites with unique strength and toughness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munch, E -- Launey, M E -- Alsem, D H -- Saiz, E -- Tomsia, A P -- Ritchie, R O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1516-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1164865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aluminum Oxide/*chemistry ; Animals ; Calcium Carbonate/chemistry ; Ceramics/*chemistry ; Elasticity ; Freezing ; Gastropoda/chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Polymethyl Methacrylate/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Role of intermolecular forces in defining material properties of protein nanofibrils (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: Protein molecules have the ability to form a rich variety of natural and artificial structures and materials. We show that amyloid fibrils, ordered supramolecular nanostructures that are self-assembled from a wide range of polypeptide molecules, have rigidities varying over four orders of magnitude, and constitute a class of high-performance biomaterials. We elucidate the molecular origin of fibril material properties and show that the major contribution to their rigidity stems from a generic interbackbone hydrogen-bonding network that is modulated by variable side-chain interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knowles, Tuomas P -- Fitzpatrick, Anthony W -- Meehan, Sarah -- Mott, Helen R -- Vendruscolo, Michele -- Dobson, Christopher M -- Welland, Mark E -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1900-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/*chemistry ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Insulin/chemistry ; Lactalbumin/chemistry ; Lactoglobulins/chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Molecular ; Muramidase/chemistry ; Nanostructures/*chemistry ; Peptide Termination Factors ; Peptides/*chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Prealbumin/chemistry ; Prions/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry ; Surface Tension ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain/chemistry
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  • 14
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    Single-molecule experiments in vitro and in silico (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: Single-molecule force experiments in vitro enable the characterization of the mechanical response of biological matter at the nanometer scale. However, they do not reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanical function. These can only be readily studied through molecular dynamics simulations of atomic structural models: "in silico" (by computer analysis) single-molecule experiments. Steered molecular dynamics simulations, in which external forces are used to explore the response and function of macromolecules, have become a powerful tool complementing and guiding in vitro single-molecule experiments. The insights provided by in silico experiments are illustrated here through a review of recent research in three areas of protein mechanics: elasticity of the muscle protein titin and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin; linker-mediated elasticity of the cytoskeleton protein spectrin; and elasticity of ankyrin repeats, a protein module found ubiquitously in cells but with an as-yet unclear function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sotomayor, Marcos -- Schulten, Klaus -- 1 R01 GM073655/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR05969/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1144-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ankyrin Repeat/*physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Connectin ; Elasticity ; Fibronectins/*physiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Muscle Proteins/*physiology ; Protein Kinases/*physiology ; Spectrin/*physiology ; Spectrum Analysis/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nonequilibrium mechanics of active cytoskeletal networks (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: Cells both actively generate and sensitively react to forces through their mechanical framework, the cytoskeleton, which is a nonequilibrium composite material including polymers and motor proteins. We measured the dynamics and mechanical properties of a simple three-component model system consisting of myosin II, actin filaments, and cross-linkers. In this system, stresses arising from motor activity controlled the cytoskeletal network mechanics, increasing stiffness by a factor of nearly 100 and qualitatively changing the viscoelastic response of the network in an adenosine triphosphate-dependent manner. We present a quantitative theoretical model connecting the large-scale properties of this active gel to molecular force generation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mizuno, Daisuke -- Tardin, Catherine -- Schmidt, C F -- Mackintosh, F C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):370-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, 1081HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Actins/*physiology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Elasticity ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*physiology ; Myosin Type II/*physiology ; Rheology ; Stress, Mechanical ; Viscosity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Selective harvest of sooty shearwater chicks : effects on population dynamics and sustainability (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2004. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Blackwell Publishing for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Animal Ecology 74 (2005): 589-600, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00929.x.
    Description: Selectivity of harvest influences harvest sustainability because individuals with different characteristics contribute differently to population growth. We investigate the effects of selection based on chick weight on a traditional harvest of the sooty shearwater Puffinus griseus by Rakiura Maori in New Zealand.
    Description: This research was funded by a New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology grant to Rakiura Maori and by the US Environmental Protection Agency (R-82908901–0). It was also supported by the University of Auckland Statistics Department, University of Otago, Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu, the New Zealand Department of Conservation, and Southwest Helicopters Ltd.
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Demography ; Matrix population models ; Petrel ; Traditional harvest
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Interactive effects of prey and p,p′-DDE on Burrowing Owl population dynamics (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 16 (2006): 666–677.
    Description: We used population models to explore the effects of the organochlorine contaminant p,p'DDE and fluctuations in vole availability on the population dynamics of Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia). Previous work indicated an interaction between low biomass of voles in the diet and moderate levels of p,p'DDE in Burrowing Owl eggs that led to reproductive impairment. We constructed periodic and stochastic matrix models that incorporated three vole population states observed in the field: average, peak and crash years. We modeled varying frequencies of vole crash years and a range of impairment of owl demographic rates in vole crash years. Vole availability had a greater impact on owl population growth rate than reproductive impairment if vole populations peaked and crashed frequently. However, this difference disappeared as the frequency of vole crash years declined to once per decade. Fecundity, the demographic rate most affected by p,p'DDE, had less impact on population growth rate than adult or juvenile survival. A life table response experiment of time-invariant matrices for average, peak and crash vole conditions showed that low population growth under vole crash conditions was due to low adult and juvenile survival rates, whereas the extremely high population growth under vole peak conditions was due to increased fecundity. Our results suggest that even simple models can provide useful insights into complex ecological interactions. This is particularly valuable when temporal or spatial scales preclude manipulative experimental work in the field or laboratory.
    Description: Field work was supported by grants from the U.S. Navy EFA West, California Department of Fish and Game, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to D. K. Rosenberg. Analysis was supported in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R-82908901-0).
    Keywords: Athene cunicularia ; Burrowing Owl ; DDE ; Elasticity ; Interactive effects ; Matrix population model ; Multiple stressors ; Population level risk assessment ; Prospective analysis
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    Analytical solution for a circular opening in an elastic-brittle-plastic rock (2006)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Philadelphia, 4, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 616-622, pp. 2061, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Stress ; Fracture ; Elasticity ; Rheology ; Rock mechanics ; IJRM ; Hoek-Brown ; yield ; criterion ; Mohr-Coulomb ; yield ; criterion
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    Engineering cooperativity in biomotor-protein assemblies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: A biosynthetic approach was developed to control and probe cooperativity in multiunit biomotor assemblies by linking molecular motors to artificial protein scaffolds. This approach provides precise control over spatial and elastic coupling between motors. Cooperative interactions between monomeric kinesin-1 motors attached to protein scaffolds enhance hydrolysis activity and microtubule gliding velocity. However, these interactions are not influenced by changes in the elastic properties of the scaffold, distinguishing multimotor transport from that powered by unorganized monomeric motors. These results highlight the role of supramolecular architecture in determining mechanisms of collective transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diehl, Michael R -- Zhang, Kechun -- Lee, Heun Jin -- Tirrell, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. diehl@rice.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Elasticity ; Elastin/chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Kinesin/chemistry ; Microtubules/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fibrin fibers have extraordinary extensibility and elasticity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: Blood clots perform an essential mechanical task, yet the mechanical behavior of fibrin fibers, which form the structural framework of a clot, is largely unknown. By using combined atomic force-fluorescence microscopy, we determined the elastic limit and extensibility of individual fibers. Fibrin fibers can be strained 180% (2.8-fold extension) without sustaining permanent lengthening, and they can be strained up to 525% (average 330%) before rupturing. This is the largest extensibility observed for protein fibers. The data imply that fibrin monomers must be able to undergo sizeable, reversible structural changes and that deformations in clots can be accommodated by individual fiber stretching.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950267/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950267/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, W -- Jawerth, L M -- Sparks, E A -- Falvo, M R -- Hantgan, R R -- Superfine, R -- Lord, S T -- Guthold, M -- P41 EB002025/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL31048/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R41 CA10312/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R41 CA103120/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R41 CA103120-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):634.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Coagulation ; Elasticity ; Factor XIII/chemistry ; Fibrin/*chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Stress, Mechanical
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Early Cretaceous spider web with its prey (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: The orb web is a spectacular evolutionary innovation that enables spiders to catch flying prey. This elegant, geometric structure is woven with silk fibers that are renowned for their superior mechanical properties. We used silk gland expression libraries to address a long-standing controversy concerning the evolution of the orb-web architecture. Contrary to the view that the orb-web design evolved multiple times, we found that the distribution and phylogeny of silk proteins support a single, ancient origin of the orb web at least 136 million years ago. Furthermore, we substantially expanded the repository of silk sequences that can be used for the synthesis of high-performance biomaterials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penalver, Enrique -- Grimaldi, David A -- Delclos, Xavier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amber ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Elasticity ; *Fossils ; Insects ; Mites ; Selection, Genetic ; *Silk ; *Spiders/classification/genetics
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    Postseismic and interseismic displacements near a strike-slip fault: A two-dimensional theory for general linear viscoelastic rheologies (2005)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 110, no. B10, pp. 341-374, pp. B10401, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Rheology ; Inelastic ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Two-dimensional ; Plate tectonics ; JGR
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    Determination of stress fields in the elastic lithosphere by methods based on stress orientations (2005)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dr. W. Junk, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 66-88, pp. L08304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Borehole breakouts ; Borehole geophys. ; Two-dimensional ; principal ; Stress ; Rock mechanics ; Inversion ; Elasticity ; Tectonics ; Modelling ; Europe ; Australia ; IJRM ; Stress ; trajectories ; Regional ; stress ; Platform ; Boundary ; value ; problems ; World Stress Map (Project)
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    Earthquakes and strain in subhorizontal slabs (2005)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 110, no. B8, pp. 65-84, pp. B08303, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Elasticity ; Strain ; Plate tectonics ; Modelling ; JGR
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    Quasi-static thermoelastic deformation in an elastic half-space: theory and application to InSAR observations at Izu-Oshima volcano, Japan (2005)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Karlsruhe, 3-4, vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 230-242, pp. B10302, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geothermics ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Volcanology ; Geodesy ; point ; heat ; source ; / ; spherical, ; half-space ; GJI ; deformation, ; geodesy, ; thermoelasticity, ; volcanology
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    Hydromechanical coupling in response to earthquakes: on the possible consequences for aftershocks (2005)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Berlin, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 113-129, pp. B04307, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Fluids ; Aftershocks ; pressure ; triggering ; Stress ; Coulomb ; GJI ; aftershocks ; fluid ; low, ; hydrological ; anomalies, ; poroelastic ; coupling, ; stress ; transfer ; Rice ; Cleary ; 1976 ; Three dimensional ; Finite difference method
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    Displacement and stress Green's functions for a constant slip-rate on a quadrantal fault (2005)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 162, no. 3, pp. 1007-1023, pp. L16602, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Source ; Wave propagation ; Dynamic ; Seismology ; Boundary Element Method ; rectangular, ; elastodynamics, ; fault ; model, ; wave ; propagation ; GJI
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    The dislocation theory: a consistent way for including the gravity effect in (visco)elastic plane-earth models (2005)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, AGU, vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 191-196, pp. L06307, 2 pp., (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Rheology ; Inelastic ; Layers ; Elasticity ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; GJI ; co- ; and ; post-seismic ; deformation, ; gravity ; effect, ; viscoelastic ; relaxation, ; 1960 ; Chilean ; earthquake ; WANGR ; FROTH ; FLORENZO
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    Effect of initial stress on the propagation of plane waves in a general anisotropic poroelastic medium (2005)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Deutsche Geophys. Gesellschaft, vol. 110, no. B11, pp. 703-710, pp. B11307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Wave propagation ; Waves ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; porosity ; Fluids ; Anisotropy ; JGR ; anisotropic ; poroelastic ; (APE) ; solid ; Biot's ; theory ; phase ; velocity ; attenuation ; 3285 ; Mathematical ; Geophysics: ; Wave ; propagation ; (0689, ; 2487, ; 4275, ; 4455, ; 6934) ; 5102 ; Physical ; Properties ; of ; Rocks: ; Acoustic ; properties ; 5144 ; Wave ; attenuation ; 7203 ; Seismology: ; Body ; waves ; 7260 ; Theory
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    On the singularity problem of the elastic-gravitational dislocation theory applied to plane-earth models (2005)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Taipei, AGU, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 195-207, pp. L06307, 2 pp., (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Rheology ; Inelastic ; Layers ; Elasticity ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; GRL ; 1242 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; (6924, ; 7209, ; 7223, ; 7230) ; 3215 ; Mathematical ; Geophysics: ; Instability ; analysis ; 3238 ; Prediction ; (3245, ; 4263) ; 7212 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7260 ; Theory ; WANGR ; FROTH ; FLORENZO
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    Physical limits and design principles for plant and fungal movements (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-28
    Description: The typical scales for plant and fungal movements vary over many orders of magnitude in time and length, but they are ultimately based on hydraulics and mechanics. We show that quantification of the length and time scales involved in plant and fungal motions leads to a natural classification, whose physical basis can be understood through an analysis of the mechanics of water transport through an elastic tissue. Our study also suggests a design principle for nonmuscular hydraulically actuated structures: Rapid actuation requires either small size or the enhancement of motion on large scales via elastic instabilities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skotheim, Jan M -- Mahadevan, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 27;308(5726):1308-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15919993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Wall/physiology ; Droseraceae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Elasticity ; Euphorbiaceae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Fungi/cytology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Movement ; Mucorales/cytology/physiology ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Plant Leaves/*physiology ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plants/anatomy & histology ; Pressure ; Time Factors ; Viscosity ; Water/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Self-organized origami (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: In origami, form follows the sequential spatial organization of folds. This requires continuous intervention and raises a natural question: Can origami arise through self-organization? We answer this affirmatively by examining the possible physical origin for the Miura-ori leaf-folding patterns that arise naturally in insect wings, leaves, and other laminae-like organelles. In particular, we point out examples where biaxial compression of an elastically supported thin film, such as that due to differential growth, shrinkage, desiccation, or thermal expansion, spontaneously generates these patterns, and we provide a simple theoretical explanation for their occurrence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mahadevan, L -- Rica, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1740.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. lm@deas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Betulaceae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Elasticity ; Mathematics ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Stress, Mechanical
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    Soft-tissue vessels and cellular preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-26
    Description: Soft tissues are preserved within hindlimb elements of Tyrannosaurus rex (Museum of the Rockies specimen 1125). Removal of the mineral phase reveals transparent, flexible, hollow blood vessels containing small round microstructures that can be expressed from the vessels into solution. Some regions of the demineralized bone matrix are highly fibrous, and the matrix possesses elasticity and resilience. Three populations of microstructures have cell-like morphology. Thus, some dinosaurian soft tissues may retain some of their original flexibility, elasticity, and resilience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schweitzer, Mary H -- Wittmeyer, Jennifer L -- Horner, John R -- Toporski, Jan K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1952-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine, Earth, Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. schweitzer@ncsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15790853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Vessels/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; Bone Demineralization Technique ; Bone Matrix ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology/*blood supply/*cytology ; Cell Separation ; DNA/analysis ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Elasticity ; Femur/anatomy & histology/blood supply ; *Fossils ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Montana ; Osteocytes/*cytology/ultrastructure ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Rapid chiral assembly of rigid DNA building blocks for molecular nanofabrication (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-13
    Description: Practical components for three-dimensional molecular nanofabrication must be simple to produce, stereopure, rigid, and adaptable. We report a family of DNA tetrahedra, less than 10 nanometers on a side, that can self-assemble in seconds with near-quantitative yield of one diastereomer. They can be connected by programmable DNA linkers. Their triangulated architecture confers structural stability; by compressing a DNA tetrahedron with an atomic force microscope, we have measured the axial compressibility of DNA and observed the buckling of the double helix under high loads.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodman, R P -- Schaap, I A T -- Tardin, C F -- Erben, C M -- Berry, R M -- Schmidt, C F -- Turberfield, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1661-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Chemistry, Physical ; DNA/*chemistry ; Dimerization ; Elasticity ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Structure ; *Nanostructures ; *Nanotechnology ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Stereoisomerism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: Normal tissue cells are generally not viable when suspended in a fluid and are therefore said to be anchorage dependent. Such cells must adhere to a solid, but a solid can be as rigid as glass or softer than a baby's skin. The behavior of some cells on soft materials is characteristic of important phenotypes; for example, cell growth on soft agar gels is used to identify cancer cells. However, an understanding of how tissue cells-including fibroblasts, myocytes, neurons, and other cell types-sense matrix stiffness is just emerging with quantitative studies of cells adhering to gels (or to other cells) with which elasticity can be tuned to approximate that of tissues. Key roles in molecular pathways are played by adhesion complexes and the actinmyosin cytoskeleton, whose contractile forces are transmitted through transcellular structures. The feedback of local matrix stiffness on cell state likely has important implications for development, differentiation, disease, and regeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Discher, Dennis E -- Janmey, Paul -- Wang, Yu-Li -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1139-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Science and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6315, USA. discher@seas.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Communication ; *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Organogenesis/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Huygens' Principle: The capture of seismic energy by a soft soil layer (2004)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Kunming, China, 4, vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 65 & 70, pp. L13613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Elasticity ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; GRL
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    Love's problem (2004)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 156, no. 2, pp. 171-178, pp. 1892
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Elasticity ; GJI ; crustal ; deformation, ; flexure ; of ; the ; lithosphere ; lithospheric ; deformation, ; numerical ; techniques
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    Decomposition of the elastic tensor and geophysical applications (2004)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 159, no. 2, pp. 667-678, pp. L15313, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Anisotropy ; Physical properties of rocks ; Lame ; elastic ; tensor, ; seismic ; anisotropy, ; symmetry ; class ; upper ; mantle ; GJI
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    Stress changes modelled for the sequence of strong earthquakes in the South Iceland seismic zone since 1706 (2004)
    In:  Pageoph, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 161, no. 7, pp. 1305-1327, pp. 1008, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; earthquake ; series, ; rifting, ; shear ; Stress ; Elasticity ; Fernandez ; PAG
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    Positive feedback of interacting ductile faults from coupling of equation of state, rheology and thermal-mechanics (2004)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Tübingen, Europ. Ass. Exploration Geophys., vol. 142, no. 1-2, pp. 113-135, pp. TC4007, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Rheology ; Fault zone ; Geothermics ; Elasticity ; PEPI
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    Fundamentals of Seismic Wave Propagation (2004)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 264 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN 052)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Wave propagation ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Acoustics ; Elasticity ; Layers ; Cagniard ; Inversion ; WKBJ ; Maslov ; Born ; Kirchhoff ; Migration of earthquakes ; Inhomogeneity ; more ; advanced ; than ; Aki ; and ; Richards ; MATLAB
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    Elastic behavior of cross-linked and bundled actin networks (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: Networks of cross-linked and bundled actin filaments are ubiquitous in the cellular cytoskeleton, but their elasticity remains poorly understood. We show that these networks exhibit exceptional elastic behavior that reflects the mechanical properties of individual filaments. There are two distinct regimes of elasticity, one reflecting bending of single filaments and a second reflecting stretching of entropic fluctuations of filament length. The mechanical stiffness can vary by several decades with small changes in cross-link concentration, and can increase markedly upon application of external stress. We parameterize the full range of behavior in a state diagram and elucidate its origin with a robust model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gardel, M L -- Shin, J H -- MacKintosh, F C -- Mahadevan, L -- Matsudaira, P -- Weitz, D A -- GM52703/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1301-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*chemistry/metabolism ; Actins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Elasticity ; Entropy ; Mathematics ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Reciprocity in Elastodynamics (2003)
    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York, Cambridge U. Press, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Dynamic ; Waves ; Wave propagation
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    Mechanics of Fluid Saturated Rocks (2003)
    Academic Press, 416 pp.
    In:  Princeton, Academic Press, 416 pp., vol. 15, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 0-12-305355-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; poro-elasticity ; Physical properties of rocks ; Gueguen ; Bouteca
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    Seismic Waves and Rays in Elastic Wave Media (2003)
    Elsevier, 424 pp.
    In:  Chemnitz, Elsevier, 424 pp., vol. 50, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-043930-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Hamilton ; Lagrange ; Christoffel ; Euler ; Inhomogeneity ; Anisotropy ; Legendre ; Transformations
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    Slip partitioning by elastoplastic propagation of oblique slip at depth (2003)
    In:  Science, Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 300, no. 5622, pp. 1121-1123, pp. L19606, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: Oblique motion along tectonic boundaries is commonly partitioned into slip on faults with different senses of motion. The origin of slip partitioning is important to structural geology, tectonophysics, and earthquake mechanics. Partitioning can be explained by the upward elastoplastic propagation of oblique slip from a fault or shear zone at depth. The strain field ahead of the propagating fault separates into zones of predominantly normal, reverse, and strike-slip faulting. The model successfully predicts the distribution of fault types along parts of the San Andreas and Haiyuan faults.
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Fault zone ; Structural geology ; FROTH
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    Evidence of thermally induced borehole elongation: a case study at Soultz, France (2003)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 40, no. 7-8, pp. 1121-1140, pp. 1246
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Stress measurements ; Stress ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Borehole geophys. ; IJRM ; Geothermics ; Elasticity
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    Accurate numerical methods for solving the elastic equation of motion for arbitrary source locations (2003)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 154, no. 3, pp. 852-866, pp. 8011, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Synthetic seismograms ; waveform ; Inversion ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Source ; GJI
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    Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling in Fractured Rock (2003)
    Birkhäuser
    In:  Boston, 360 pp., Birkhäuser, vol. 1, no. XVI:, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 3-7643-0253-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Fluids ; poro ; Elasticity ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Physical properties of rocks ; Rock mechanics ; PAG
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    Computation of deformation induced by earthquakes in a multi-layered elastic crust - FORTRAN programs EDGRN / EDCMP (2003)
    In:  Computers and Geosciences, Taipei, AGU, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 195-207, pp. B06410, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Hankel ; Transformations ; Thomson-Haskell ; propagator ; algorithm ; Thomson-Haskell method ; Green ; numerical ; instability ; software ; Martin ; FROTH ; RWANG ; FLORENZO ; SPAROLAI
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    Fields, Flows and Waves: An Introduction to Continuum Models (2003)
    Springer-Verlag
    In:  New York, Springer-Verlag, vol. 15, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 585, (ISBN 1-85233-708-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of mathematics ; Geothermics ; heat ; flow ; elasticity ; electrostatics ; hydrodynamics ; electromagnetism ; chemical ; diffusion ; biological ; modeling ; Waves ; Laplace ; Poisson ; Love ; Reflectivity ; FRefraction seismics
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    Elastic Wave Propagation and Generation in Seismology (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 444 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN: 0 521 52046 0 (pb); ISBN: 0 521 81730 7 (hb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: ... Pujol's book differs from the others in its purely theoretical approach to the generation and propagation of seismic waves. The author aims to fill a gap between the advanced books and the introductory ones, providing a complete derivation of the mathematical developments. ... One does not have to look for proofs elsewhere.
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Source ; Wave propagation ; theory
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    Poroelasticity: Efficient modelling of strongly coupled, slow deformation processes in a multilayered half-space (2003)
    In:  Geophysics, Taipei, AGU, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 705-717, pp. B06410, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Inhomogeneity ; Kuempel ; Kumpel
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    Solution of the Rayleigh eigenproblem in viscoelastic media (2002)
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 2297-2309, pp. 2519, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Inelastic ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Rayleigh waves ; Surface waves ; BSSA
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    Pore pressure and poroelasticity effects in Coulomb stress analysis of earthquake interactions (2002)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Heidelberg, 3-4, vol. 107, no. B2, pp. ESE 2-1 to ESE 2-17, pp. 2074, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Fluids ; Stress ; Physical properties of rocks ; Rock mechanics ; Elasticity ; triggering ; Seismicity ; Friction ; one-dimensional ; flow ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 7260 ; Theory ; and ; modeling ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; parameter ; JGR
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    On strike-slip faulting in layered media (2002)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 149, no. 3, pp. 698-723, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Modelling ; Dislocation ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Strike-slip ; Two-dimensional ; crack ; interface ; interaction ; Elasticity ; GJI
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    A closed-form elastic solution for stresses and displacements around tunnels (2002)
    In:  International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Luxembourg, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 905-916, pp. B04203, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; plane ; Strain ; Stress ; Mining geophysics ; Borehole breakouts
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    A linear analytical boundary element method (Boundary Element Method) for 2D homogeneous potential problems (2002)
    In:  Computers and Geosciences, Klagenfurt, Nuclear Technology Publ., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 679-692, pp. L14312, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Modelling ; Two-dimensional ; Elasticity ; C&G
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    Plasticity and Geomechanics (2002)
    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Cambridge, 287 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN 3-0521-81830-3)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Rheology ; Inelastic
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    State of stress within the Earth (2002)
    Elsevier / Academic Press
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology - Part A, Amsterdam, Elsevier / Academic Press, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 539-557, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Stress ; Review article
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    Quantitative Seismology (2002)
    University Science Books
    In:  Sausalito, XVIII+700 pp., University Science Books, vol. 1, pp. 559-932, (ISBN 0-935702-96-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: SRICHWALSKI ; Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Source ; SModelling ; Spectrum ; Instruments ; Inversion ; Waves ; Surface waves ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Reflection seismics ; Inhomogeneity ; Detectors ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Dynamic ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fracture ; Seismometer ; AnisotropyS ; Dispersion ; CMT ; Moment tensor ; FractureT ; self-similarity ; tunneling ; whispering ; galleries ; normal ; Stress ; changes ; during ; rupture
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    Experimental study of the process zone, nucleation zone and plastic area of earthquakes by the shadow optical method of caustics (2002)
    In:  Pure and Applied Geophysics, Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment, University of Iceland, vol. 159, no. 9, pp. 1951-1966, pp. B05316, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Fracture ; Source ; Rheology ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Waves ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Modelling ; PAG
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    State of stress in the Earth's lithosphere (2002)
    Elsevier / Academic Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology - Part A, Amsterdam, Elsevier / Academic Press, vol. 81A, no. 1, pp. 559-568, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Stress ; Lithosphere ; Review article
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    Biodegradable, elastic shape-memory polymers for potential biomedical applications (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: The introduction of biodegradable implant materials as well as minimally invasive surgical procedures in medicine has substantially improved health care within the past few decades. This report describes a group of degradable thermoplastic polymers that are able to change their shape after an increase in temperature. Their shape-memory capability enables bulky implants to be placed in the body through small incisions or to perform complex mechanical deformations automatically. A smart degradable suture was created to illustrate the potential of these shape-memory thermoplastics in biomedical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lendlein, Andreas -- Langer, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1673-6. Epub 2002 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉mnemoScience GmbH, Pauwelsstrabetae 19, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. a.lendlein@mnemoscience.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Dioxanes/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Elastomers ; Isocyanates/chemistry ; Mechanics ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polyesters/chemistry ; *Polymers/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Rats ; Stress, Mechanical ; *Sutures ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Spider silk fibers spun from soluble recombinant silk produced in mammalian cells (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Spider silks are protein-based "biopolymer" filaments or threads secreted by specialized epithelial cells as concentrated soluble precursors of highly repetitive primary sequences. Spider dragline silk is a flexible, lightweight fiber of extraordinary strength and toughness comparable to that of synthetic high-performance fibers. We sought to "biomimic" the process of spider silk production by expressing in mammalian cells the dragline silk genes (ADF-3/MaSpII and MaSpI) of two spider species. We produced soluble recombinant (rc)-dragline silk proteins with molecular masses of 60 to 140 kilodaltons. We demonstrated the wet spinning of silk monofilaments spun from a concentrated aqueous solution of soluble rc-spider silk protein (ADF-3; 60 kilodaltons) under modest shear and coagulation conditions. The spun fibers were water insoluble with a fine diameter (10 to 40 micrometers) and exhibited toughness and modulus values comparable to those of native dragline silks but with lower tenacity. Dope solutions with rc-silk protein concentrations 〉20% and postspinning draw were necessary to achieve improved mechanical properties of the spun fibers. Fiber properties correlated with finer fiber diameter and increased birefringence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazaris, Anthoula -- Arcidiacono, Steven -- Huang, Yue -- Zhou, Jiang-Feng -- Duguay, Francois -- Chretien, Nathalie -- Welsh, Elizabeth A -- Soares, Jason W -- Karatzas, Costas N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):472-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nexia Biotechnologies, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec J7V 8P5, Canada. alazaris@nexiabiotech.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Birefringence ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; DNA, Complementary ; Elasticity ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; *Fibroins ; Materials Testing ; Mechanics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/isolation & purification ; Solubility ; Spiders/*genetics/metabolism ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tensile Strength ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Colloidosomes: selectively permeable capsules composed of colloidal particles (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: We present an approach to fabricate solid capsules with precise control of size, permeability, mechanical strength, and compatibility. The capsules are fabricated by the self-assembly of colloidal particles onto the interface of emulsion droplets. After the particles are locked together to form elastic shells, the emulsion droplets are transferred to a fresh continuous-phase fluid that is the same as that inside the droplets. The resultant structures, which we call "colloidosomes," are hollow, elastic shells whose permeability and elasticity can be precisely controlled. The generality and robustness of these structures and their potential for cellular immunoisolation are demonstrated by the use of a variety of solvents, particles, and contents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dinsmore, A D -- Hsu, Ming F -- Nikolaides, M G -- Marquez, Manuel -- Bausch, A R -- Weitz, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1006-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and DEAS, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dinsmore@physics.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; *Capsules ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemistry, Physical ; *Colloids ; Diffusion ; Elasticity ; Emulsions ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Permeability ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polylysine ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Surface Properties ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Protein structure. Stretching the limits (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alper, Joe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chemistry, Physical ; Collagen/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Elastin/chemistry ; *Fibroins ; Insect Proteins/chemistry ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polymers/*chemistry ; *Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nonlinear network dynamics on earthquake fault systems (2001)
    In:  Phys. Rev. Lett., Basel, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 87, no. 14, pp. 109-125, pp. 1019, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Fault zone ; interaction ; neural ; network ; Elasticity ; dissipation ; Modelling ; Seismicity ; Martins
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  • 69
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    Influence of elastic constants on the horizontal in situ stress (2001)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Luxembourg, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1211-1216, pp. B06303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Stress ; Physical properties of rocks ; Elasticity ; IJRM
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    An analytical solution for transient flow of Bingham viscoplastic materials in rock fractures (2001)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 285-296, pp. 2214
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Rheology ; Inelastic ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Creep observations and analysis
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  • 71
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    Liquefaction and dynamic poroelasticity in soft sediments (2001)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 106, no. B7, pp. 13,515-13,526, pp. L08305
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Non-linear effects ; Elasticity ; permeability ; viscosity ; Stress ; Fluids ; pressure ; JGR
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  • 72
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    Tsunami excitation by submarine slides in shallow-water approximation (2001)
    In:  Pageoph, Warszawa, AGU, vol. 158, no. 4, pp. 759-797, pp. L02611, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; hydrodynamics
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  • 73
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    Bayesian estimation of rock mass boundary conditions with applications to the AECL underground research laboratory (2001)
    In:  International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Warszawa, EGS, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 995-1027, pp. B05S16, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Laboratory measurements ; Statistical investigations ; Elasticity ; IJRM
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    Elastic dislocations in layered media (2001)
    Sett. di Geofisica, Dip. di Fisica, Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Univ. degli Studi di Bologna
    In:  Ph. Thesis, 176 pp., Bologna, Sett. di Geofisica, Dip. di Fisica, Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Univ. degli Studi di Bologna, vol. 1034, no. 45, pp. 54-58, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Dip-slip ; Inhomogeneity ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Strike-slip ; Two-dimensional ; crack ; interface ; interaction ; Elasticity ; Layers ; rifting ; Stress ; Volcanology ; GJI136,341-56(1999) ; GJI138,410-34(1999) ; GJI149(2)508-523(2002) ; GJI149(3)698-723(2002)
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    Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Third Edition (2001)
    Elsevier Science
    In:  München, Elsevier Science, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 65-66, (ISBN: 3-528-02574-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics ; Handbook of engineering ; Handbook of informatics ; Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; comets ; Chaotic behaviour ; Source ; Plate tectonics ; Elasticity ; compilers ; earth Core ; earth mantle ; Acoustics ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; history ; Rock mechanics ; Artificial intelligence (AI) ; mathematics ; Geochemistry ; Fracture ; fatigue ; FractureT ; Geodesy ; Geomagnetics ; Statistical investigations ; Geothermics ; Global Positioning System ; Green's function ; Fluids ; ConvolutionE ; plumes ; Mineralogy ; Modelling ; Tectonics ; SOC ; percolation ; Oceanography ; Planetology ; MOON ; SAR ; InSAR ; Stress ; Tsunami(s) ; Volcanology ; Whitman ; Rikitake ; Stein ; Oreskes ; Loper ; Jeanloz ; Lee ; Mandelbrot ; Vanicek ; Bock ; Olson ; Campbell ; Madariaga ; Staufer ; Dickinson ; van ; Zyl ; Zoback ; Turcotte ; Ward ; Sigurdsson
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    The Seismic Wavefield. Vol. 1: Introduction and Theoretical Development (2001)
    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York (370 pp.), Cambridge U. Press, vol. 13, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 0-521-80945-2, ISBN 0-521-00663-5 paper)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Waves ; Wave propagation ; Textbook of geophysics ; observations ; (part ; 1), ; theory ; (part ; 2) ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Attenuation ; Elasticity
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    Handbook of Elastic Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases, 4 vols, Vol. 2: Elastic Properties of Solids: Theory, Elements and Compounds, Novel Materials, Technological Materials, Alloys, and Building Materials (2001)
    Academic Press
    In:  San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, vol. 81A and 81B, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 0-87590-422-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Handbook of physics ; Handbook of mineralogy ; Handbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Handbook of chemistry ; Handbook of engineering
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    Porendruckinduzierte Neigungssignale in geringen Tiefen und ihre Modellierung im homogenen Halbraum (2001)
    Geol. Inst., Univ. Bonn; Shaker Verlag
    In:  Ph.D. Thesis, 192 pp., Bonn, Geol. Inst., Univ. Bonn; Shaker Verlag, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 33, pp. 1-28, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Elasticity ; TILT ; porosity ; Modelling ; Dissertation ; Geowissenschaft ; Geophysik ; Hydrogeologie ; Neigungsmessungen ; Pumptests ; Poroelastizitaet ; hydraulische ; Diffusivitaet ; Kuempel ; WANGRJ
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    Effects of volcano loading on dike propagation in an elastic half-space (2001)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dr. W. Junk, vol. 106, no. B6, pp. 11101-11114, pp. L08304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Description: We use laboratory experiments and numerical models to examine the effects of volcano loading on the propagation of buoyant dikes in a two-dimensional elastic half-space. In laboratory experiments we simulate the propagation of buoyant dikes in an isotropic regional stress field by injecting air into tanks of solidified gelatin. A weight resting on the surface of the gelatin represents a volcanic load. A numerical model is used to simulate these experiments. Both experiments and numerical simulations show that as a dike ascends, it begins to curve toward the load in response to the local stress field imposed by the load. The lateral distance over which dikes curve to the load increases with the ratio of average pressure at the base of the load to the dike driving pressure. For realistic volcano and dike dimensions this pressure ratio is going to be large, suggesting that dikes can converge to a volcano over lateral distances several times the load width. Numerical calculations involving an anisotropic regional stress field, however, predict that the lateral extent of dike attraction shrinks as the regional horizontal compressive stress decreases relative to the vertical compressive stress. Dike focusing will be substantial if the regional differential stresses are less than the average pressure at the base of the load. If this is the case, then our models predict a positive feedback between the size of volcanoes and the area of dike attraction. This feedback may promote the development of large discrete volcanoes and also predicts a positive correlation between the spacing and sizes of adjacent volcanoes. To test this prediction, we examine nearest-neighbor pairs of the 21 largest volcanoes in the Cascade Range. The 14 pairs examined show a large range in volcano spacing (6 - 115 km) and a statistically significant correlation between spacing and average volcano height. This result is consistent with our model results and suggests that the local compressive stress induced by these volcanoes may be an important factor in controlling magma transport in the lithosphere.
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Modelling ; magma ; ascent ; JGR ; 1829 ; Hydrology: ; Groundwater ; hydrology ; 8414 ; Volcanology: ; Eruption ; mechanisms ; 8429 ; Lava ; rheology ; and ; morphology ; 8499 ; General ; or ; miscellaneous
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    Monolithic microfabricated valves and pumps by multilayer soft lithography (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Soft lithography is an alternative to silicon-based micromachining that uses replica molding of nontraditional elastomeric materials to fabricate stamps and microfluidic channels. We describe here an extension to the soft lithography paradigm, multilayer soft lithography, with which devices consisting of multiple layers may be fabricated from soft materials. We used this technique to build active microfluidic systems containing on-off valves, switching valves, and pumps entirely out of elastomer. The softness of these materials allows the device areas to be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude compared with silicon-based devices. The other advantages of soft lithography, such as rapid prototyping, ease of fabrication, and biocompatibility, are retained.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Unger, M A -- Chou, H P -- Thorsen, T -- Scherer, A -- Quake, S R -- DA-9121/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS-11756/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesiveness ; *Biocompatible Materials ; Elasticity ; Materials Testing ; Pressure ; *Prostheses and Implants ; *Silicone Elastomers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    RNA structure. Pulling on hair(pins) (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez, J M -- Chu, S -- Oberhauser, A F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):653-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical ; Elasticity ; Ion Channels/chemistry ; Kinetics ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; RNA/*chemistry ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nucleotide-dependent single- to double-headed binding of kinesin (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: The motility of kinesin motors is explained by a "hand-over-hand" model in which two heads of kinesin alternately repeat single-headed and double-headed binding with a microtubule. To investigate the binding mode of kinesin at the key nucleotide states during adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis, we measured the mechanical properties of a single kinesin-microtubule complex by applying an external load with optical tweezers. Both the unbinding force and the elastic modulus in solutions containing AMP-PNP (an ATP analog) were twice the value of those in nucleotide-free solution or in the presence of both AMP-PNP and adenosine 5'-diphosphate. Thus, kinesin binds through two heads in the former and one head in the latter two states, which supports a major prediction of the hand-over-hand model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawaguchi, K -- Ishiwata, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):667-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11158681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Elasticity ; Kinesin/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Food science. Why is a soggy potato chip unappetizing? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1753-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cooking ; Elasticity ; Fats/metabolism ; *Food ; Food Analysis ; *Food Preferences/physiology/psychology ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Perception ; *Research ; *Sensation ; Smell ; Taste ; Viscosity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Elasticity of the pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12)-majorite (MgSiO3) garnets solid solution (2000)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Keywords Garnets ; Polycrystals ; Hot-pressing ; Elasticity ; Interferometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dense isotropic polycrystalline specimens of majorite-rich garnets (Py100, Py62Mj38, Py50Mj50, Py21Mj79 and Mj100) along the pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12 = Py100)-majorite (MgSiO3 = Mj100) join were fabricated in a 2000-ton uniaxial split-sphere anvil apparatus (USSA-2000) at pressures from 10 to 18.5 GPa and temperatures from 1200 to 1850 °C, within their stability fields in runs of 2–4-h duration, using hot-pressing techniques developed by Gwanmesia et al. (1993). These specimens are single-phased, fine-grained (≤5 mm), free of microcracks, and have bulk densities greater than 99% of the corresponding single-crystal X-ray density. Elastic compressional (P) and shear (S) wave velocities were determined at room pressure and temperature for these polycrystalline garnet specimens by phase comparison ultrasonic interferometry. For Mj100, the P and S wave velocities are within 1% of the Hashin-Shtrikman averages calculated from the single crystal elastic moduli measured by Brillouin spectroscopy. Both the elastic bulk modulus (K) and the shear modulus (G) decrease continuously with increasing majorite content from pyrope garnet (Py100) to pure majorite garnet (Mj100). The compositional dependence of K and G are given by K = 172.3 (40) − 0.085X, and G = 91.6 (10) − 0.038X, where X = mol% majorite), respectively, indicating that substitution of Si for Mg and Al decreases both K and G by about 5% along the solid solution series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002699900054
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the elasticity of the actin tail of Listeria monocytogenes (2000)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 29 (2000), S. 134-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key wordsListeria monocytogenes ; Cell motility ; Actin gel ; Elasticity ; Optical tweezers ; Cell mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report biophysical experiments performed on the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a model system to study actin-based motility. Using optical tweezers and electrophoresis experiments, we find that the bacterium is firmly attached to its tail, and we demonstrate that the tail responds as an elastic gel when deformed. We have measured its elastic modulus at a value of 103–104 Pa, which is 10 times higher than the rigidity of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. These results demonstrate that the bacterium and its tail form a very robust system, consistent with the steadyness of the motion observed in vivo. We propose an elastic model for the propulsion mechanism which takes into account the connection and thus the interaction between the actin filaments. It provides a generic description of the various aspects of actin-tail based movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002490050258
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear circular dislocation loops investigated with elasticity theory and atomistic simulations (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of computer-aided materials design 7 (2000), S. 25-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4900
    Keywords: Copper ; Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Molecular dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The elastic fields of displacements, strains, and stresses for a shear circular loop are obtained with the Burgers formula. In addition, interactions between two shear circular loops are obtained based on elasticity theory. A series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a shear circular partial dislocation loop in copper have been performed to examine the elastic solutions. It is found that the results of the MD simulations are in good agreement with those of elasticity theory for a loop with radius ∼7.5 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008766500345
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex hypersingular integral equation for the piece-wise homogeneous half-plane with cracks (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 102 (2000), S. 177-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; half-plane ; boundary integral equations ; hypersingular.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract New complex hypersingular integral equation (CHSIE) is derived for the half-plane containing the inclusions (which can have the different elastic properties), holes, notches and cracks of the arbitrary shape. This equation is obtained by superposition of the equations for each homogeneous region in a half-plane. The last equations follow from the use of complex analogs of Somigliana's displacement and stress identities (SDI and SSI) and Melan's fundamental solution (FS) written in a complex form. The universal numerical algorithm suggested before for the analogous problem for a piece-wise homogeneous plane is extended on case of a half plane. The unknown functions are approximated by complex Lagrange polynomials of the arbitrary degree. The asymptotics for the displacement discontinuities (DD) at the crack tips are taken into account. Only two types of the boundary elements (straight segments and circular arcs) are used to approximate the boundaries. All the integrals involved in CHSIE are evaluated in a closed form. A wide range of elasticity problems for a half-plane with cracks, openings and inclusions are solved numerically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007633814813
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction among a row of ellipsoidal inclusions (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 102 (2000), S. 371-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; body force method ; singular integral equations ; numerical analysis ; three-dimensional analysis ; stress concentration factor ; ellipsoidal inclusion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the interaction among a row of N ellipsoidal inclusions of revolution is considered. Inclusions in a body under both (A) asymmetric uniaxial tension in the x-direction and (B) axisymmetric uniaxial tension in the z-direction are treated in terms of singular integral equations resulting from the body force method. These problems are formulated as a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy-type or logarithmic-type singularities, where unknowns are densities of body forces distributed in the r,θ,z directions. In order to satisfy the boundary conditions along the ellipsoidal boundaries, the unknown functions are approximated by a linear combination of fundamental density functions and polynomials. The present method is found to yield rapidly converging numerical results for interface stresses. When the elastic ratio E 1⇒E I/E M〉1, the primary feature of the interaction is a large compressive or tensile stress σn on the interface θ=0. When E 1⇒E I/E M〈1, a large tensile stress σθ or σt on the interface θ=1/2π is of interest. If the spacing b/d and the elastic ratio E I/E M are fixed, the interaction effects are dominant when the shape ratio a/b is large. For any fixed shape and spacing of inclusions, the maximum stress is shown to be linear with the reciprocal of the squared number of inclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007604809440
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    Electronic Resource
    A Note on Elasticity and Price Dispersions in the Music Recording Industry (2000)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 17 (2000), S. 465-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Elasticity ; music recording industry ; oligopoly ; price dispersions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The present note examines price dispersions inthe music recording industry between new release andmid-line (older) recordings. The model employs theframework developed within the industrial economicsliterature and provides empirical results suggestingthat new release prices are lower than those ofmid-level recordings. This result follows fromdiffering buyer characteristics and varying levelsof close substitutes, leading to higher demandelasticities for new release recordings. Finally,the theoretical expectations should hold in thepresence of either significant scale economies ormodest minimum efficient scales of production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007820616596
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  • 90
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    Rheological properties of fresh and cryopreserved human arteries tested in vitro (2000)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 39 (2000), S. 461-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words In vitro tests ; Elasticity ; Human artery ; Cryopreservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cryopreservation is widely used to preserve blood vessels for a while but is controversially suspected to affect the mechanical behavior of these allografts. The aim of this study was to determine whether differences in the three-dimensional mechanical behavior exist or not between fresh and cryopreserved arteries. Using a previously developed experimental system, in vitro inflation tests were performed on twenty segments of human fresh and cryopreserved arteries, in static conditions. Opening angles were also measured from images of rings in zero-stress state. The initial reference state was chosen as the unloaded state and tests were performed on specimens stretched at natural “in vivo” length. Mechanical measures calculated are “natural” (Hencky) strains (finite deformations), “true” (Cauchy) stresses in radial, circumferential, and longitudinal directions as well as strain energy per unit volume. Tangent moduli are derived from radial and circumferential stress-strain characteristics using non-linear curve fitting. Values of incremental and pressure-strain elastic parameters, wall stiffness, and compliance per unit length are also calculated. Results are presented in terms of characteristics of stresses and strains in the three directions, axial force, tangent moduli vs strains or stresses, and energy per unit volume, for both types of artery, with reference to transmural pressure. Detailed numerical results are given at mean transmural pressure or in the physiological range. Significant differences are indicated by statistic Student T-tests. Results obtained show that significant differences exist between rheological properties of fresh and cryopreserved segments of human artery. Strains, stresses, axial force, strain energy, and wall stiffness values highlight those differences whereas elastic parameters, compliance, and opening angle do not. The usefulness of some parameters to compare the mechanical behavior existing between fresh and cryopreserved arteries is therefore underlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003970000110
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  • 91
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    Application of a new separation analyzer for the characterization of dispersions stabilized with clay derivatives (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Separation analyzer ; Organoclay dispersions ; Elasticity ; Emulsion stability ; Emulsions stabilized by clay derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The performance of a newly developed separation analyzer is demonstrated by characterization of the sedimentation kinetics and the swelling behavior of organoclays in binary solvent mixtures (toluene/cyclohexane) as well as by investigation of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by clay derivatives. The automatic measuring system – LUMiFuge 114 – is based on a special centrifuge with an integrated optoelectronic sensor system which allows the measuring of spatial and temporal changes of light transmission during the rotation in a variable centrifugal field (12–1200g). By using the new device a fast and reproducible characterization of settling behavior and dispersion stability was possible. Moreover, the evaluation of the long-term stability of samples with high separation stability as well as of the heterogenity of the separation process, the sample transparency and the elasticity of the sediment as a function of alternating centrifugal force could be carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050527
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  • 92
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    Anisotropy of Young's modulus of human tibial cortical bone (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Biomechanics ; Cortical bone ; Young's modulus ; Anisotropy ; Elasticity ; Ultrasonics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The anisotropy of Young's modulus in human cortical bone was determined for all spatial directions by performing coordinate rotations of a 6 by 6 elastic stiffness matrix. The elastic stiffness coefficients were determined experimentally from ultrasonic velocity measurements on 96 samples of normal cortical bone removed from the right tibia of eight human cadavers. The following measured values were used for our analysis: c 11 =19.5 GPa, c 22 =20.1 GPa, c 33 =30.9 GPa, c 44 =5.72 GPa, c 55 =5.17 GPa, c 66 =4.05 GPa, c 23 =12.5 GPa. The remaining coefficients were determined by assuming that the specimens possessed at least an orthorhombic elastic symmetry, and further assuming that c 13 =c 23 , c 12 =c 11 –2c 66 . Our analysis revealed a substantial anisotropy in Young's modulus in the plane containing the long axis of the tibia, with maxima of 20.9 GPa parallel to the long axis, and minima of 11.8 GPa perpendicular to this axis. A less pronounced anisotropy was observed in the plane perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia. To display our results for the full three-dimensional anisotropy of cortical bone, a closed surface was used to represent Young's modulus in all spatial directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347055
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  • 93
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    Controllability and Stabilization in Elasticity, Heat Conduction and Thermoelasticity: Review of Recent Developments* (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of global optimization 17 (2000), S. 353-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Approximation ; Elasticity ; Exact and approximate controllability ; Heat equations ; Stabilization ; Thermoelasticity ; Thermoviscoelasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this paper is to review developments in exact and approximate controllability as well as stabilization of elastic, thermoelastic, and thermo-viscoelastic bodies. Heat equations are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026596405554
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  • 94
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    Generalized stress intensity factors in the interaction between two fibers in matrix (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 103 (2000), S. 19-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; composite material ; fracture mechanics ; fiber ; generalized stress intensity factor ; end effect ; interaction ; rectangular inclusions.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the mechanical strength of fiber reinforced composites it is necessary to consider singular stresses at the end of fibers because they cause crack initiation, propagation, and final failure. The singular stress is expressed by generalized stress intensity factors defined at the corner of fibers. As a 2D model an interaction between rectangular inclusions under longitudinal tension is treated in this paper. The body force method is used to formulate the problem as a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy-type or logarithmic-type singularities, where the unknown functions are the densities of body forces distributed in infinite plates having the same elastic constants as those of the matrix and inclusions. In order to analyze the problem accurately, the unknown functions are expressed as piecewize smooth functions using two types of fundamental densities and power series, where the fundamental densities are chosen to represent the symmetric stress singularity of 1/r 1−λ 1 and the skew-symmetric stress singularity of 1/r 1−λ 2. Then, generalized stress intensity factors at the end of inclusions are systematically calculated for various locations, spacings and elastic modulus of two rectangular inclusions in a plate subjected to longitudinal tension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007696723382
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  • 95
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    The Grüneisen ratio for the last 30 years (2000)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 143, no. 2, pp. 279-294, pp. L23608
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Seismology ; Elasticity ; Geothermics ; thermodynamics ; compression ; earth Core ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
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    The post-Triassic evolution of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone - results from thermo-mechanical modelling (2000)
    In:  Tectonophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 328, no. 3-4, pp. 245-267, pp. B05S07, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Trans-European suture zone (Tornquist-Teisseyre zone/line) ; Geol. aspects ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Geothermics ; Structural geology
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    Green's function based stress diffusion solutions in the porous elastic half space for time varying finite reservoir loads (2000)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Helsinki, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment University of Iceland, vol. 120, no. 1-2, pp. 93-101, pp. B05S14, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Stress ; Diffusion ; porosity ; Elasticity ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
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    Global postseismic deformation: Deep earthquakes (2000)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Leipzig, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 105, no. B1, pp. 631-652, pp. 2458, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Dislocation ; sphere ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; Subduction zone ; 3210 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; (new ; field) ; Modeling ; 7209 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 8162 ; Tectonophysics ; Rheology--mantle ; JGR
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    Ring laser detection of rotations from teleseismic waves (2000)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Naples, AGU, vol. 27, no. 21, pp. 3553-3556, pp. 1273, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Waves ; Teleseismic events ; physics ; 0935 ; 7200 ; 7212 ; 7294 ; GRL
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    Existence of continuum complexity in the elastodynamics of repeated fault ruptures (2000)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Deutsche Geophys. Gesellschaft, vol. 105, no. B10, pp. 23,791-23,810, pp. B08302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Dynamic ; Modelling ; Stress ; Inhomogeneity ; SOC ; Earthquake asperities ; Earthquake barriers ; weakening ; nucleation ; Source ; JGR ; Non-linear effects ; 3220 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; Nonlinear ; dynamics ; 7209 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; parameters ; Seismology ; 7260 ; Theory ; and ; modeling
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