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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Host selection byBlepharipa pratensis (Meigen), a tachinid parasite of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar L. (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 311-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; Blepharipa pratensis ; Diptera ; Tachinidae ; host selection ; contact chemical ; parasite behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The host selection process ofBlepharipa pratensis (Meigen), a tachinid parasite of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar L., was investigated. Once in the host's habitat, and following contact with a recently damaged leaf edge (cut, torn, eaten), the fly orients perpendicular to the edge and moves back and forth with the front tarsi grasping the damaged edge. Oviposturing (oviposition intention) may occur. Leaf exudates appear to arrest the fly on the leaf and increase tarsal examination (searching). If an edge of a gypsy moth-eaten leaf is contacted, oviposition usually occurs. Significantly more eggs are laid when host-browsed foliage is encountered, compared to mechanically cut or damaged foliage, indicating response to a cue left by the host during feeding. The number of host-damaged leaf clusters in an area significantly enhances oviposition there; in field-cage tests, significantly more eggs (7911) were laid in simulated-crown areas with all clusters browsed, compared to the adjacent areas containing 1/2 browsed (4200 eggs) and undamaged clusters (2209 eggs). A host selection sequence is suggested and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987859
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 973-982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Laspeyresia nigricana Steph. ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; single-ion monitoring ; electroantennography ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The sex pheromone of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.), was identified as (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ylacetate (E,E8,10–12∶Ac) (approximately 0.1 ng/abdominal tip), in vacuum distillates of virgin female abdominal tips and volatiles emitted by calling females, from its chemical properties and capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry data. SyntheticE,E8,10–12∶Ac and the natural pheromone elicited similar quantitative electrophysiological and behavioral responses from male moths. Other related compounds which also attract male moths in the field,viz., (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienal, were not detected in the pheromone andE,E8,10–12∶Ac was not found in male moths.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987506
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potential uses of kairomones for behavioral manipulation ofCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1377-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Cotesia ; (=Apanteles)marginiventris ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; kairomone ; parasitism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of kairomone pattern and preconditioning on parasitization rates of fall armyworm larvae,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) byCotesia (=Apanteles)marginiventris (Cresson) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse using a hexane extract of frass and actual fall armyworm frass. Parasitization rates increased 55 and 26% in Petri dishes and on corn seedlings, respectively, when the entire experimental area was sprayed with the frass extract. Applying the extract in spots resulted in a 20–30% reduction in parasitization compared to treating the entire area. However, spot application produced significantly better parasitization rates compared to the control treatment. Exposing the parasitoids to actual fall armyworm frass resulted in ca. 50% greater retention in the release area and an increase of ca. 60–75% in the number of parasitoids searching.C. marginiventris parasitized factitious hosts topically treated with an extract of fall armyworm frass.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988119
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Filbertworm sex pheromone (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 53-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Melissopus latiferreanus ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; filbertworm ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; (E,E)-8 ; 10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate ; (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate ; conjugated diene isomerization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (E,E)- and (E,Z)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol acetates were identified in a 1∶4.3 ratio in the extract of abdominal tips of female filbert-worm moths,Melissopus latiferreanus (Walsingham). The identifications were based on electroantennogram (EAG) analysis, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, ozonolysis, and synthesis. TheE,Z isomer produced the stronger EAG response. In the field tests of various ratios ofE,E∶E,Z, the ratio found in the extract captured the most males. The pureE,E isomer initially was not attractive by itself (〈0.1%E,Z) but became attractive after a few days, presumably because of isomerization. TheE, Z isomer (〈0.1%E,E) was attractive initially, but this compound might have isomerized faster than theE,E isomer. A study of the isomerization showed that regardless of the initial mixture of 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate isomers, almost complete equilibration existed after one month. The equilibrium mixture consisted of 9%Z8,E10, 65%E8,E10, 23%E8,Z10, and 3%Z8,Z10. Concentrations in rubber septa (1∶4 ratio ofE,E toE,Z) of 0.03–3.0 mg/septum produced equivalent trap catches.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987643
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New sex attractants for 35 tortricid and 4 other lepidopterous species, found by systematic field screening in the Netherlands (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex attractants ; field screening ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; dodecen-1-ol ; dodecen-1-ol acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Most of the known sex attractants and pheromones found for Tortricidae attract species of the subfamily Tortricinae. In order to find more sex attractants for species of the subfamily Olethreutinae, about 60 one- and two-component lures were screened for attractancy in different biotopes in the Netherlands. Most of the chemicals tested were straight-chain dodecen-1-ols and their acetates. The species captured belonged to the following families and subfamilies: Tortricinae (5), Olethreutinae (30), Noctuidae (2), Gelechiidae (1), Gracillariidae (1). Some of the species captured are recorded as pest species in forestry:Epinotia tedella, Gypsonoma aceriana, Cydia strobilella, C. zebeana, Petrova resinella, Blastesthia turionella, andB. posticana.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987650
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex attractant for currant clearwing mothSynanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1371-1376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Attractant ; Synanthedon tipuliformis ; Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1 -ol acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The currant clearwing moth,Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a pest in many parts of the world. In field tests it was found that (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate attracts males of this species. The synthesis of this compound and of its geometrical isomer (Z,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate is described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988118
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Novel sex pheromone components from the fall cankerworm moth,Alsophila pometaria (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 463-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Alsophila pometaria (Harris) ; fall cankerworm ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene ; (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene ; (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A sex pheromone extract from fall cankerworm moths,Alsophila pometaria, attracted conspecific males in field tests. Four EAG-active components were isolated from the extract and identified by GC-MS, highfield PMR spectroscopy, and microchemical techniques asn-nonadecane (I), (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (II), (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene (III), and (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetrane (IV). Studies of the behavioral responses of male moths in a flight tunnel to the isolated components showed II, III, and IV were the major components of the sex pheromone. No sex pheromone behavioral responses were observed for I.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988092
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate pheromone components in the sexual behavior of the (Z) strain of the european corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; European corn ; borer ; pheromone ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A glass tube olfactometer bioassay was used to examine pheromone response of males of the (Z)-pheromone strain ofOstrinia nubilalis (Hubner). The presence of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate at the natural ratio to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (97∶3; Z∶E) did not consistently elevate wing-fanning, upwind walking, or clasper extrusion over (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate alone. This bioassay did not reveal the behavioral role of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987638
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mate location strategies of gypsy moths in dense populations (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; gypsy moth ; attractant ; pheromone ; population densities ; sexual selection ; location strategy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In high-density populations, the male gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) “appetitive” flight is primarily vertical and within 1–50 cm of tree boles. Preceding location of a female, males land on trees or occasionally tree foliage and walk while wing-fanning. In high-density populations females may mate before calling, often prior to wing expansion or hardening. Additional matings may occur before any or full deposition of egg masses. Virgin females are not coy, whether their wings are unexpanded, or hardened and held rooflike, or whether they are calling or not. They generally mate with the first willing male and do not exercise sexual selection by an acceptance or rejection reaction. The mating structure in dense populations would seem to reduce selective pressure for female emission of and direct male anemotactic flight to attractant pheromone. A low proportion of males “search” appropriate objects, especially tree trunks, in the walking-wing-fanning state. Such males often are successful in locating virgin females before calling commences. This male strategy presumably would not be successful in low population densities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987640
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plant-determined variation in cardenolide content and thin-layer chromatography profiles of monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus reared on milkweed plants in California (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1823-1857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Danaus plexippus ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; monarch butterflies ; Asclepias californica ; Asclepiadaceae ; milkweeds ; ecological chemistry ; plant-insect interactions ; chemical ecology ; chemical defense ; chemotaxonomy ; coevolution ; thin-layer chromatography ; cardenolide fingerprints ; cardenolides ; calotropagenin glycosides ; calactin ; calotropin ; uscharidin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Variation in gross cardenolide concentration of the mature leaves of 85Asclepias californica plants collected in four different areas of California is a positively skewed distribution ranging from 9 to 199 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 66 μg/0.1 g. Butterflies reared individually on these plants in their native habitats contained a normal distribution of cardenolide ranging from 59 to 410 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 234 μg. Cardenolide uptake by the butterflies was a logarithmic function of plant concentration. Total cardenolide per butterfly ranged from 143 to 823 μg with a mean of 441 μg and also was normally distributed. Populational variation of plant cardenolide concentrations occurs within subspecies, but the northern subspeciesA. c. greenei does not differ significantly from the southernA. c. californica. Generally higher concentrations occur in butterflies from northern populations and in females. No evidence was adduced that cardenolides in the plants adversely affected the butterflies. Low cardenolide concentrations in the leaves and the absence of cardenolides in the latex characterize bothA. californica andA. speciosa, but notA. eriocarpa. Thin-layer chromatography in two solvent systems isolated 24 cardenolide spots in the plants, of which 18 are stored by the butterflies. There was a minor difference in the cardenolide spot patterns due to geographic origin of the plants, but as in our previous studies, none in the sexes of the butterflies. UnlikeA. eriocarpa andA. speciosa, A. californica plants lack cardenolides withRf values greater than digitoxigenin. Overall, the cardenolides of bothA. californica andA. speciosa are more polar than those inA. eriocarpa. A. californica plants contain cardenolides of the calotropagenin series including calotropin, calactin, and uscharidin, and the latter is metabolically transformed by monarch larvae to calactin and calotropin. Cardenolides of this series also occur inA. vestita, andA. cordifolia from California, the neotropicalA. curassavica, and the AfricanCalotropis procera, Gomphocarpus spp., andPergularia extenso; they therefore cross established taxonomic lines.A. californica is the predominant early season milkweed in California and may be important in providing chemical protection to the spring generation of monarchs in the western United States.A. speciosa, A. eriocarpa, andA. californica each imparts distinctive cardenolide fingerprints to the butterflies, so that ecological predictions are amenable to testing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987364
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of dodecyl acetate andZ-10-tridecenyl acetate on attraction ofEupoecilia ambiguella males to the main sex pheromone component,Z-9-Dodecenyl acetate (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Z-9-Dodecenyl acetate ; Z-10-tridecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; sex pheromone ; synergism ; behavior ; wind tunnel ; field trapping ; European grape moth ; Eupoecilia ambiguella ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Attraction ofE. ambiguella males toZ-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12∶Ac), alone and in combination with dodecyl acetate (12∶Ac) orZ-10-tridecenyl acetate (Z10-13∶Ac) was tested in both wind-tunnel and field experiments. In the laboratory, response toZ9-12∶Ac reached a distinct dosage optimum at which attraction was nearly as good as to live females. Addition of 12∶Ac, a minor component of female glands and effluvia, had no effect at low doses ofZ9-12∶Ac and only marginally improved attraction at the optimum. However, inclusion of 12∶Ac with an overdose ofZ9-12∶ Ac fully restored activity. In the field,Z9-12∶Ac alone was not very attractive at any dose; catches markedly increased by adding 12∶Ac and climbed with increasing dose of each compound up to 10 mg. Optimum ratio ofZ9-12∶Ac to 12∶Ac was 1∶1 to 1∶5. Another compound,Z10-13∶Ac, had the same effect as 12∶Ac in the laboratory and the field but was effective at a lower dose. In the field, inclusion of the synergist permits use of high cap loads to attract more males, perhaps from greater distances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987853
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Trimerization ofEarias insulana sex pheromone, (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal, A phenomenon affecting trapping efficiency (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Earias insulana ; spiny bollworm ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal ; trimerization ; Chromatographic analysis ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; mass spectrometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The sex pheromone ofEarias insulana, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, may trimerize extensively to form a crystalline trioxane derivative. The structure of the trimer was deduced from its CI-MS and NMR spectra. Capillary GC analysis resulted in the thermal decomposition of the trimer to the monomer. This process could be studied on a 2-m packed column under specific conditions. A convenient separation between the pheromone and its trimer was achieved by TLC. The trimer was inactive in the field, and it has a harmful effect on the performance of the polyethylene dispenser. Material which contains large amounts of the trimer is unsuitable for field use, even if applied at high dosage. The pheromone should be analyzed by NMR or TLC in addition to GC in order to detect the presence of its trimer. The trimerization process is catalyzed by acid which should therefore be completely eliminated from the storing vessels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988089
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Eucalyptus oils in larvae of gum emperor moth,Antheraea eucalypti (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1489-1496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Antheraea eucalypti ; Saturniidae ; Lepidoptera ; larval oral ; discharge ; Eucalyptus oils ; monoterpenoids ; sesquiterpenoids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The ether-soluble portion of the foregut fluid from the larvae ofAntheraea eucalypti (Saturniidae) was found to contain traces (0.1–0.2%) of isoprenoids. The isoprenoids were those that were major components of the oils from the leaves of theEucalyptus species on which the larvae fed and were also soluble in the foregut fluid. This observation demonstrated that these larvae did not sequester the leaf oils in their foregut or use them for defense. The compositions of the oils, which were steam-distilled from the bodies and feces of the larvae, were identical with those of the oils from the leaves of the host trees. This fact implied that the volatile components of the leaf oils had not been metabolized and had no effect on the growth or feeding of the larvae, at least on the twoEucalyptus species examined. In order to explain the coevolution ofA. eucalypti andEucalyptus species, components of the leaf oils were suggested to serve the function of an ovipositional attractant to the female moths.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990318
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Iridoid glycosides and host-plant specificity in larvae of the buckeye butterfly,Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1567-1577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Iridoid glycoside ; Junonia coenia ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; host-plant specificity ; coevolution ; insect-plant interaction ; Plantago lanceolata ; buckeye ; chemical ecology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Larvae of the buckeye,Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae) feed primarily on plants in four families: Scrophulariaceae, Plantaginaceae, Verbenaceae, and Acanthaceae. These plant families have in common the presence of a group of plant secondary compounds, the iridoid glycosides. Larvae were reared on three plant species and two artificial diets, one with and one without iridoid glycosides.Larvae grew poorly and had low survivorship on the artificial diet without iridoid glycosides, while growth and survival on the artificial diet with iridoid glycosides was comparable to that on plants. Choice tests using artificial diets with and without iridoid glycosides showed that larvae: (1) chose diets with iridoid glycosides (in the form of a crude extract or pure compound) over a diet without; (2) showed no preference between the diet with the crude extract and that with pure iridoid glycoside, and (3) preferred the artificial diet with ground leaves of the host plant,Plantago lanceolata, over the diet with pure iridoid glycosides. The artificial diet that larvae had been reared on prior to these tests had no effect on subsequent larval preferences in the choice tests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988425
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Redundancy in a chemical signal: Behavioral responses of maleTrichoplusia ni to a 6-Component sex pheromone blend (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1635-1658 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Trichoplusia ni ; cabbage looper moth ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; redundancy ; flight tunnel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The flight response of maleTrichoplusia ni was observed in a flight tunnel to a sex pheromone blend composed of six components:Z7–12∶Ac, 12∶Ac,Z5-12∶Ac, 11-12∶Ac,Z7-14∶Ac, and Z9-14∶Ac. The number of males reaching a 3000-μg source of this blend was 〉 95%, equal to that observed to female glands and significantly greater than with the previously identified two-component blend (Z7-12∶Ac + 12∶Ac). In subtraction tests, all five-component blends, with the exception of the blend lacking the primary componentZ7-12∶Ac, and several four-component blends elicited similar peak levels of upwind flight, source contacts, and hairpencil displays to that observed with the six-component blend. We characterize the substitution of certain minor components for one another as a form of redundancy in the chemical signal and suggest that it contributes to response specificity and signal recognition in males. The results also support the concept that the full blend of components acts as a unit to influence male behavior at all phases of the response. Individual minor components were not responsible for eliciting specific behaviors in the sequence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988431
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex attractant for three species of the genusOncocnemis: O. chandleri (Grt.),O. cibalis (Grt.), andO. mackiei (B. & Benj.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1701-1706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Oncocnemis chandleri ; Oncocnemis cibalis ; Oncocnemis mackiei ; (5E7Z)-5 ; 7-dodecadienyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; sex attractant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Oncocnemis chandleri, O. cibalis, andO. mackiei were attracted to chemically baited traps in the field. In all three cases, (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate was a key component for attraction. Attraction ofO. chandleri to traps baited with the (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate was inhibited by addition of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate.O. cibalis required both (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate for attraction. Electroantennogram responses for the three species are also reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987356
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Male wing-gland pheromone ofEphestia elutella (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 667-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ephestia elutella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; male pheromone ; pheromone bioassay
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sex pheromone extracted from glands on the forewings of maleEphestia elutella (Hübner) elicits a stereotyped courtship response from conspecific females. A bioassay for this sex pheromone was developed based on this behavior. Maximum production and responsiveness for males and females, respectively, occurred in insects more than 24 hr old.E. elutella females were not responsive to extracts made fromE.figulilella Gregson,E. kuehniella Zeller,E. cautella (Walker), orPlodia interpunctella (Hübner) males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994227
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biosynthesis of sex pheromone components and glycerolipid precursors from sodium [1-14C]acetate in redbanded leafroller moth (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 681-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone biosynthesis ; Argyrotaenia velutinana ; redbanded leafroller moth ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; radiolabel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sodium [1-14C]acetate in water-dimethyl sulfoxide (1∶1) was applied topically to sex pheromone glands ofArgyrolaenia velutinana. Radiolabel was incorporated into the pheromone components (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and also into triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, ethanolamine phosphatides, and choline phosphatides. In the triacylglycerols, radiolabel appeared in (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, (E)-11-tetradecenoate, tetradecanoate, hexadecanoate, and octadecanoate. In the choline phosphatides, the same acyl moieties incorporated radiolabel but at lower levels. In the diacylglycerols and ethanolamine phosphatides, only the radiolabel in hexadecanoate and octadecanoate was above the limit of detection. At different times following application of sodium [1-14C]acetate, the relative proportions of labeled (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate changed very little, but the relative proportions of labeled fatty acyl moieties in the triacylglycerols and choline phosphatides changed markedly. After 8 min, triacylglycerols had incorporated about equal amounts of radiolabel into (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, (E)-11-tetradecenoate, and tetradecanoate. As the incubation time was increased, triacylglycerols accumulated proportionately more radiolabeled (E)-11-tetradecenoate than (Z)-11-tetradecenoate, and accumulated proportionately less radiolabeled tetradecanoate. In the choline phosphatides, at all times of incubation the amount of radiolabel incorporated into (Z)-11-tetradecenoate was small but above the limit of detection, and the amounts of radiolabel in (E)-11-tetradecenoate and tetradecanoate were smaller and often below the limit of detection. In both the triacylglycerols and the choline phosphatides, the relative proportion of radiolabeled hexadecanoate decreased with time, and that of octadecanoate increased.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994228
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone of a conifer-feeding budworm,Choristoneura retiniana, Walsingham (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Choristoneura retiniana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; forset insects ; Tortricidae ; insect behavior ; E- andZ-11-tetradecenyl acetates ; E- andZ-11-tetradecenol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sex pheromone components collected from femaleChristoneura retiniana included 11-tetradecenyl acetates and alcohols. The major component wasE-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11–14∶Ac) with a lesser amount ofZ isomer necessary to induce male response. A 92∶8 ratio ofE,Z11–14∶ Ac appeared optimal. The alcohol component was present at about 10% of the total pheromone mixture, and traps baited with acetates plus alcohol surpassed unmated females in their degree of attractiveness. Chemical analysis indicated a 9∶:1 ratio of theE — Z isomers of 11-tetradecenyl alcohol (11–14∶ol) pheromone components, although bait formulations containing a predominance of either theE orZ isomers were equally successful in field bioassays. Based on male response to traps,E- andZ11–14∶Ac (92∶8E — Z) are essential pheromone components for long-range sex attraction. The 11–14∶ ol enhanced attraction when added at 10% of the total pheromone blend.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987652
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of diet in host selection ofHeliothis virescens by parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1535-1541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Campoletis sonorensis ; Heliothis virescence ; synomone ; kairomone ; host location ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; parasitoid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that chemicals attractive toCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron), previously identified in cotton, were not present in wheat germ diet-rearedHeliothis virescens (F.) larvae. Diet-reared larvae fed cotton obtained the chemicals from cotton, with the consequence of enhanced kairomonal activity of the larvae and their frass toC. sonorensis. Parasitoids, presented a choice between cotton, cotton plus hosts, hosts alone, and control in an olfactometer, responded non-randomly, with the greatest number of responses to cotton plus hosts, and three times as many responses to cotton alone as to larvae alone. The role of the plant in the parasitoid-host relationship is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988422
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  • 121
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    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone components of fall cankerworm moth,Alsophila pometaria (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1579-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Alsophila pometaria(Harris) ; fall cankerworm ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene ; (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene ; synthesis ; hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-Nonadecatetraene and (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene, sex pheromone components ofAlsophila pometaria, were synthesized by stereoselective Wittig reactions and found to be spectroscopically and chromatographically identical to isolated natural material. Flight-tunnel bioassays and field-trapping experiments confirmed that the two tetraenes together with (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene are sex pheromone components. While traps baited with either tetraene individually captured conspecific males in field-trapping experiments, addition of the triene, which captured no males by itself, to either tetraene resulted in synergistic responses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988426
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Syntheses of unconjugated (Z,Z)-diolefinic insect pheromones on insoluble polymer supports (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 321-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): (Z, Z)-3,13-Octadecadien-1-yl acetate ; (Z, Z)-7,11-hexadecadien-1-yl acetate ; solid phase synthesis ; Synanthedon pictipes ; lesser peachtree borer ; Synanthedon exitiosa ; peachtree borer ; Synanthedon hector ; cherry tree borer ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; pink bollworm moth ; Lepidoptera ; Sessiidae ; Gelechiidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A 2% cross-linked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer containing pendant trityl chloride groups was used as the solid support in the synthesis of (Z, Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-yl acetate, a component of the sex attractant of the lesser peachtree borer,Synanthedon pictipes, the peachtree borer,Synanthedon exitiosa, and the cherry tree borer,Synanthedon hector. This solid-phase synthesis is compared with a similar synthetic approach in solution. The solid-phase synthesis of (Z, Z)-7,11-hexadecadien-1-yl acetate, a component of the pheromone of the pink bollworm moth,Pectinophora gossypiella is described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987860
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behavioral and biological responses ofCotesia marginiventris to kairomones of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 521-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Cotesia marginiventris ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; kairomones ; fall armyworm ; parasitism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Potential kairomone sources of the fall armyworm (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), were bioassayed with females ofCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) in Petri dishes (10 cm diam). MatedC. marginiventris females, ranging in age from 1 to 3 days exhibited the most intense bioassay responses to potential sources of kairomone. Contacting a FAW-damaged corn leaf modified the pattern of movement inC. marginiventris from random to one exhibiting a significant increase in klinokinesis. No significant differences were present in kairomone responses of nonconditioned and conditioned parasitoids and parasitoid response to kairomones did not change throughout the photophase (0800–1800 hr). Removal of one, both, or the first eight antennal segments reduced or eliminated the response of the parasitoid to kairomones. Female parasitoids did not exhibit a preference for corn leaves damaged by a particular fall armyworm instar and parasitization rates were highest in larvae 48 hr old.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988097
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variability in accumulation of proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) in needles of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) following long-term budworm defoliation (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1469-1476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Proanthocyanidins ; condensed tannins ; plant-herbivore interactions ; Douglas-fir ; Pseudotsuga menziesii ; western spruce budworm ; Choristoneura occidentalis ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; nested ANOVA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Long-term defoliation by budworms was associated with higher levels of soluble proanthocyanidins in the current year needles of Douglas-fir trees. The proanthocyanidin contents of needles from defoliated Douglas-fir trees were considerably more variable than those levels of undefoliated ones. The increased mean and variability of proanthocyanidin levels following defoliation may have interesting ecological consequences for Douglas-fir and its defoliators.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990316
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fate of photosensitizing furanocoumarins in tolerant and sensitive insects (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 893-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Xanthotoxin ; psoralen ; isopsoralen ; furanocoumarin ; Papilio polyxenes ; Lepidoptera ; Papilionidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Noctuidae ; metabolism ; detoxification ; tolerance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The fate of [14C]xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen) was studied in larvae of insect species that are tolerant (Papilio polyxenes Stoll) or sensitive (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) to the phototoxic effects of photosensitizing psoralens. Both insects metabolize xanthotoxin by oxidative cleavage of the furan ring, but the detoxification occurs at a much more rapid rate inP. polyxenes in which 〉95% of an oral 5 μg/g xanthotoxin dose is metabolized within 1.5 hr after treatment. The detoxification of psoralens byP. polyxenes appears to occur primarily in the midgut tissue prior to absorption, with the result that the intact phototoxin does not reach appreciable levels in body tissues. Studies with an angular furanocoumarin indicated that isopsoralens are metabolized byP. polyxenes at a somewhat slower rate than observed for psoralens; however, a reduced rate of metabolic detoxification of isopsoralens probably does not explain the fact that psoralen tolerance inP. polyxenes does not extend to the isopsoralen series.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987971
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sources of fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), kairomones eliciting host-finding behavior inCotesia (=Apanteles) marginivenitris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1019-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; kairomone ; host-finding behavior ; Cotsia (=Apanteles)marginiventris ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; frass attraction ; scales attraction ; pest management
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Bioassay responses inCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) females to materials derived from fall armyworm (FAW) larvae,Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were most intense for frass and somewhat less intense for larval and pupal cutical materials, scales, exuviae, silk, and oral secretion, with FAW larval hemolymph eliciting only a slight response. The highest percentage of ovipositor probing was caused by frass (100%) and moth scales (90%). Various types of corn-leaf damage when assayed alone did not produce responses as intense as when assayed in combination with frass, cuticle material, and oral secretion. Parasitoid response was somewhat better to frass derived from FAW larvae feeding on corn and peanut leaves than from larvae feeding on the foliage of soybeans, Bermuda grass, cowpeas, or laboratory diet. Hexane and chloroform were better than methanol and water for extracting active material from FAW frass, and chloroform was the best of these solvents for extracting corn leaves. Serial dilutions of frass extracts resulted in a reduction in parasitoid response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987510
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behavioral responses of maleHeliothis zea moths in sustained-flight tunnel to combinations of 4 compounds identified from female sex pheromone gland (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Corn earworm ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; flight tunnel ; sex pheromone ; moth behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Each of the four compounds that have been identified from sex pheromone glands ofHeliothis zea female moths was examined for its ability to elicit sexual responses from male moths in a flight tunnel. Males flew upwind to (Z)-11-hexadecenal alone, but greater levels of behavioral activity were evoked with the addition of (Z)-9-hexadecenal to the treatment. Addition of hexadecanal or (Z)-7-hexadecenal to the initial two components had no effect in raising the behavioral response of the males in the flight tunnel whether added singularly at both the normal gland-emission ratio or at varying ratios or in combination at the normal ratio. Live, calling females elicited levels of sexual activity from males not significantly different from that elicited by the mixture of (Z)-11- and (Z)-9-hexadecenal on cotton wicks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987848
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multichemical resistance of the coniferPodocarpus gracilior (Podocarpaceae) to insect attack (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 547-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Podocarpus gracilior ; conifer ; resistance ; multichemical defense ; norditerpene dilactones ; phytoecdysone ; biflavones ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; Heliothis zea ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; feeding deterrency ; Bombyx mori
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Podocarpus gracilior is resistant in nature to insect attack. Apparently, the resistance ofP. gracilior is due to a multichemical defense mechanism. Chemicals identified as potential components of the multichemical defense are four norditerpenedilactones, including nagilactones, C, D, and F, which cause insect feeding deterrent activity ultimately coupled to an insecticidal activity, and podolide, an insecticide; two nonlethal growth-inhibiting biflavones, podocarpusflavone A and 7″,4′″-dimethylamentoflavone; and the ecdysis-inhibiting phytoecdysone, ponasterone A.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994220
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  • 129
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    Digitale Medien
    Effect of foliage proximity on attraction ofChoristoneura occidentalis andC. retiniana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to pheromone sources (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 217-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pheromonetrap placement ; western spruce budworm ; modoc budworm ; Choristoneura occidentalis ; Choristoneura retiniana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Pheromone-baited traps located close to both host and nonhost crowns were more attractive than traps located between crowns for bothC. occidentalis Freeman andC. retiniana (Walsingham) at both 10 m and at 1.5 m above the ground. At 10 m height, traps located in host foliage were more attractive than those located in nonhost foliage, but at 1.5m height there was no significant difference. These results were obtained for both dense and sparse populations ofC. occidentalis and sparse populations ofC. retiniana. We conclude that the tree species on which a virgin female is located is not an important factor restricting mating between closely relatedChoristoneura spp. Also, the tree species on which a trap is located may not be an important factor that must be standardized in developing pheromone monitoring systems forC. occidentalis andC. retiniana.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987850
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behavioral effects of secondary components of sex pheromone of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) free (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Choristoneura occidentalis ; western spruce budworm ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; pheromones ; behavior ; wind tunnel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In a laboratory wind tunnel, upwind flight and close-range orientation to a pheromone source by maleC. occidentalis were facilitated by the addition of the secondary componentsE/Z11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (89∶11) andE/Z11-tetradecen-1-ol (85∶15) to low source concentrations of the primary components,E/Z11-tetradecenal (92∶8). Male responses to the blends tested never equalled their responses to virgin females. The primary components alone, when released at a rate similar to that of a “calling” female, never elicited male upwind flight or source location. However, the addition of the secondary components enhanced these behavioral sequences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987854
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Apparency of pulsed and continuous pheromone to male gypsy moths (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 335-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pheromone ; attractant ; gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; threshold ; anemotaxis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Quiescent male gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) exposed in a wind tunnel to either pulsed (0.5-, 2- or 5-sec on, followed by a two-fold time interval off) or continuous streams of synthetic pheromone responded similarly in the proportions and latencies of wing fanning. Similarly, upwind anemotactic flight tracks in pulsed (1-sec on and 1-sec off) and continuous plumes of pheromone were indistinguishable. These data suggest that in the gypsy moth (1) pulsed pheromone stimuli would not lower the threshold, despite the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio; and (2) temporal modulation of the pheromone plume at 1-sec intervals does not alter the “preprogrammed” upwind flight pattern.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987861
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  • 132
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    Unbekannt
    Geophysics of the Solid Earth, the Moon and the Planets (1984)
    Springer
    In:  Heidelberg, Springer, vol. V/2, no. Subvol. a, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-08-037951-6)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1984
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Seismology ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Waves ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Geomagnetics ; Planetology ; solar ; system ; Anderson ; Brosche ; Busse ; Dziewonski ; Groten ; von ; Herzen ; Jackson ; Janle ; Kahle ; Maelzer ; Meissner ; Mueller ; Prodehl ; Rybach ; Schneider ; Suendermann ; Waenke ; Wilhelm ; Zuern
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 133
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Seismic waves and free oscillations (1984)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Physical Properties of Rocks, Heidelberg, Springer, vol. V/2, no. Subvol. a, pp. 61-83, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1984
    Schlagwort(e): Review article ; Seismology ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Waves ; Muller ; Zuern ; Zurn
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 134
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    The energy density spectra of P- and S-waves and the spectral magnitude of earthquakes (1984)
    Inst. f. Geophys., Univ.
    In:  Dissertation, Hamburg, Inst. f. Geophys., Univ., vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 6, pp. 1975-1982, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1984
    Schlagwort(e): Body waves ; Spectrum ; Seismology ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Magnitude
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A semi-implicit mid-point rule for stiff systems of ordinary differential equations (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 373-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary The paper introduces a new semi-implicit extrapolation method especially designed for the numerical solution of stiff systems of ordinary differential equations. The existence of a quadratic asymptotic expansion in terms of the stepsize is shown. Moreover, the new discretization is analyzed in the light of well-known stability models. The efficiency of the new integrator is clearly demonstrated by solving a series of challenging test problems including real life examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418331
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Maximum-norm stability and error estimates in Galerkin methods for parabolic equations in one space variable (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 345-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary Maximum-norm stability and error estimates of best approximation and nonsmooth data types are derived for the approximate solution of a parabolic equation in one space variable, using the continuous in time Galerkin method based on piecewise polynomial approximating functions on a quasi-uniform mesh.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418330
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the uniform power-boundedness of a family of matrices and the applications to one-leg and linear multistep methods (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary We study the difference equations obtained when a linear multistep method is applied to the scalar test equationdy/dt=λy and constant stepsizeh. LetS be the region of the absolute stability of the method, and letD be a closed subset ofS (on the Riemann sphere $$\mathbb{C}$$ ). It is shown that the solutions of these difference equations are bounded forn≧0, uniformly for λh∈D.S is itself closed in $$\mathbb{C}$$ iff ∂S is free of cusps. The question is studed by means of contractivity analysis and a matrix theorem, derived from the matrix theorem of Kreiss.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400914
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Order and stepsize control in extrapolation methods (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 399-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary The paper presents a new theory for joint order and stepsize control in extrapolation methods. This theory defines a locally optimal order that can be determined along any trajectory to be computed. In addition, Shannon's information theory is applied to derive some ideal convergence model that is expected to describe the behavior of an extrapolation method over a large set of test problems. Extensive numerical comparisons document a drastic acceleration in stiff integration and a mild acceleration in non-stiff integration by the new device. Moreover, a significant increase in reliability, robustness, and portability of the extrapolation codes is achieved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418332
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Split linear multistep methods for the numerical integration of stiff differential systems (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 299-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary A new approach to the problem of numerically integrating stiff differential systems is described. In this approach a linear multistep method (the basic method) is split into a kind of predictor-corrector scheme, where the predictor is also implicit. If this splitting is done in an appropriate manner, the modified method has considerably better stability properties than the basic method. As a result, splitting methods are particularly useful for problems where conventional integration methods experience stability difficulties. In particular some highly stable split linear multistep methods based on backward differentiation formulae are derived and a highly stable variable step implementation is proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389575
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A boundary element method for a two-dimensional interface problem in electromagnetics (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 311-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65 N 30 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary This paper presents Galerkin approximations for solutions of two dimensional interface problems by solving corresponding boundary integral equations. These are obtained by simple layer potential operators only. Due to the strong ellipticity of the integral equations the Galerkin procedure converges with optimal order. Smoothness of the given data implies high convergence rates for the layers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389576
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    OnD-stability andB-stability (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS) 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary In this paper theD-stability properties of some classes of perturbed collocation methods are investigated. Among others we show the implicit Runge-Kutta methods described by Ehle-Chipman to beD-stable. We also give implicit Runge-Kutta methods that are bothD-stable andA-stable but notB-stable. Finally we indicate in what senseB-stability is stronger thanA-stability together withD-stability. The results of this paper are based on recent results of Nørsett and Wanner on perturbed collocation methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389579
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suitability of selected leguminous plants for development of Maruca testulalis larvae (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Maruca testulalis ; Pod borer ; Development ; Nutritional suitability ; Host plant ; Crotalaria ; Vigna unguiculata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les possibilités de développement larvaire de Maruca testulalis sur les fleurs de huit espèces végétales ont été examinées en laboratoire. La comparaison a porté sur Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. mucronata, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan et l'hôte principal de cette chenille, Vigna unguiculata. En tenant compte de la mortalité larvaire et des indices de croissance (G.I.), ces plantes ont été divisées en trois catégories principales: 1 celles provoquant une mortalité larvaire de 0–30% et ayant des G.I. ≥60%, constituent les plantes hôtes convenables (Vigna unguiculata seule); 2 les plantes qui provoquent une mortalité larvaire de 30≤50% et ont des G.I. de 30 à 60% de la plante hôte principale (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata; 3 les plantes qui causent 50–100% de mortalité larvaire et dont les G.I. sont inférieurs à 30% de la plante hôte principale (Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. misereniensis). Les résultats déjà publiés sur les choix du lieu de ponte des femelles et l'utilisation de C. juncea comme plante piège, sont discutés à la lumière de ces données nouvelles.
    Notizen: Abstract Flowers of eight plant species were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their suitability as larval growth media for the cowpea pod borer, Maruca testulalis. The plants tested were Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan and the principal host of the borer, Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), was included for comparison. Based on the data obtained on larval mortality and growth indices (GI) the plants were divided into 3 categories namely: I: Those causing 0–30% mortality and having GI value ≥60% form suitable host plants. This group only included V. unguiculata. — II: Those plant species causing 30≤50% larval mortality and having GI value 30%≤60% of the principal host plant (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata). This group of species is marginally suitable as hosts. — III: Plants causing 50–100% larval mortality and having GI value ≤30% of principal host plant (C. retusa, C. juncea and C. misereniensis). Previously published data on the oviposition preference of the adult moth are discussed in the light of the present findings and the use of C. juncea as a possible trap crop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338666
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex attractants for clearwing moths: Synanthedon vespiformis and Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis (and/or C. empiformis) (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; Synanthedon vespiformis ; Paranthrene tabaniformis ; Chamaesphecia empiformis ; Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis ; Attractants ; Pheromones ; Clearwing moths ; Nemapogon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338671
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Dioryctria abietella ; Cone pyralid ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Sex pheromone, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate ; Single sensillum recordings ; Electroantennography ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'analyse en chromatographie gazeuse associée à une détection électroantennographique a montré que l'acétate (Z,E)-9,11-tétradécadiényle (Z,E)-9,11–14:Ac est l'un des composants de la phéromone de Dioryctria abietella Schiff (Lepid.: Pyralidae). Couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse spectrometrie de masse a montré la présence d'acétate tétradécadiényle avec un spectre de masse et un indice de rétention identiques au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac Un récepteur cellulaire sensible à la fois au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac et à un extrait de la femelle a été identifié sous l'antenne du mâle. Les analyses des antennogrammes et de la cellule isolée ont étayé la caractérisation du composant de la phéromone comme étant Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. Un récepteur cellulaire additionnel sensible à l'acétate (Z.)-9-tétradécadiényle et à l'acétate (Z.E.)-9,12-tétradécadiényle a été trouvé sur l'antenne du mâle, mais il n'était pas activé par l'extrait de la femelle. Sur le terrain Z,E-9,11–14:Ac, présenté seul, attirait des nombres importants de mâles de D. abietella. L'addition de l'acétate (Z)-9-tétradécényle a inhibé l'attraction des mâles par les pièges.
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic analyses coupled with electro-antennographic detection indicated that (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,E-9, 11–14:Ac) is a pheromone component of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of a tetradecadienyl acetate with mass spectrum and retention index identical to Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. A receptor cell sensitive to both Z,E-9,11–14:Ac and the female extract was identified on the male antenna. An additional receptor cell sensitive to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate was found on the male antenna but was not activated by the female extract. In the field Z,E-9,11–14:Ac presented alone attracted significant numbers of male D. abietella. Addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate inhibited the attraction of males to traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300895
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Precocious metamorphosis and moulting deficiencies induced by an anti-JH compound, FMev in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Insect growth regulators ; Anti-juvenile hormone ; Fluoromevalonate ; Precocious metamorphosis ; Premature pupation ; Ecdysis ; Fall webworm ; Hyphantria cunea ; Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Fluormevalosäure (FMev), bekannt als ein spezifischer Inhibitor der Biosynthese des Juvenilhormons (JH) in Insekten, wurde in 0,1–50 μg/Tier Dosis topikal an 3., 4. und 5. Larvenstadien von Hyphantria cunea getestet. Die Raupen wurden auf einem semi-synthetischen, künstlichen Nährboden bei 25° und unter Langtagsbedingungen (18 : 6 St., Licht/Dunkel) gezüchtet. Diese Verbindung rief drei verschiedene Typen spezifischer Reaktionen hervor: 1) verfrühte Metamorphose, 2) gehemmte Häutung und 3) verlängerte Larvenentwicklung. Vor der verfrühten Verpuppung wurde normales Verhalten beobachtet. Die Larven des 3. oder 4. Stadiums häuteten sich meist erst nach einem interkalaren Larvenstadium in verfrühte Puppen. Unter den drei Larvenstadien erwies sich das 5. Stadium gegen die Anti-JH-Verbindung am empfindlichsten. In allen getesteten Entwicklungsphasen wiesen die frisch gehäuteten Larven die höchste Empfindlichkeit gegen FMev auf. Nach der Häutung wurde stufenweises Absinken der FMev-Empfindlichkeit beobachtet, im 5. Larvenstadium verursachte die Verbindung jedoch selbst am letzten Tag des Wachstums zu einen relativ hohen Prozentzahl verfrühte Verpuppung. Eine zweite typische Wirkung von FMev war die Hemmung der Häutungsprozesse. Zwei grundlegende Stufen der Häutungsstörungen unterschieden sich voneinander: 1) Als Folge der Anwendung hoher Dosen von FMev konnte die Mehrzahl der Raupen die alte Larvenkutikula nicht öffnen und ging deswegen in kurzer Zeit zugrunde. 2) Bei Behandlung mit niedrigen Dosen der Anti-JH-Verbindung häuteten sich einige Hyphantria-Larven scheinbar normal; nach der Häutung waren aber alle unfähig, die normalen Bewegungen und die Nahrungsaufnahme fortzusetzen. Auch die vorzeitigen Puppenhäutungen wurden in meisten Fällen durch die Anti-JH-Behandlung gehemmt. Die morphogenetischen Wirkungen von FMev konnten durch eine topikale Behandlung mit Hydroprene, einem hochaktiven JH-Analogen, vollständig oder teilweise verhindert werden.
    Notizen: Summary Fluoromevalonate (FMev, ZR-3516) known as an inhibitor of JH biosynthesis was topically applied in 0.1 to 50 μg/specimen doses to the 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar caterpillars of Hyphantria cunea Drury. The anti-JH compound induced 3 main types of specific responses: 1) precocious metamorphosis, 2) inhibition of ecdysis, and 3) prolongation of larval development. Precocious pupation was accompanied by behavioural events typical of normal pupation. Third and 4th instar larvae metamorphosed prematurely mostly with the intervention of an intercalary larval instar. The 5th instar exhibited the highest sensitivity to the anti-JH agent. Within each larval stage the freshly moulted insects proved to be the most susceptible to FMev. Afterwards, the incidence of morphogenetic reaction gradually decreased with age. In another fraction of Hyphantria larvae not responding with precocious pupation, FMev evoked varying degrees of ecdysial disturbance which always resulted in the death of caterpillars. In most cases the anti-JH compound inhibited the premature pupal moult, too, and these affected insects died as tanned pharate pupae. A complete or partial “rescue” from the effects of FMev was elicited, if simultaneously or subsequently, a single topical dose of a JH analogue, hydroprene was also administered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300901
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multivoltinism in Apanteles bignellii and the influence of weather on synchronisation with its host Euphydryas aurinia (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; Apanteles bignellii ; Euphydryas aurinia ; Multivoltinism ; Synchronisation ; Weather
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In einer Population von Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) bei Oxford, England treten während einer Generation von E. aurinia drei Normalgenerationen von Apanteles bignellii Marshall auf. Jede Generation des Parasitoids kann charakterisiert werden durch das befallende Wirtsstadium und durch die aus einem Wirt schlüpfende Zahl Parasitoide. Parasitoide schlüpfen in Normalgenerationen aus dem 3., dem 4. und dem 6. Stadium des Wirts; in Ausnahmegenerationen schlüpfen sie aus dem 2. und 5. Stadium. Bis zu 70 Parasitoide können aus einer Altraupe (6. Stadium) schlüpfen und die Dauer dieses Stadiums kann bis auf 2 Wochen verlängert werden. Die Ausnahmegenerationen von A. bignellii aus Zweitlarven dürften aus Eiablagen in frühe Erstlarven stammen. Fünftlarven des Wirts, aus denen Parasitoide schlüpfen, sind ungewöhnlich klein und fressen nicht; sie dürften das Resultat sein eines Uebermasses von Apenteles-Eiern, die in frühe Viertlarven gelegt wurden. Die Synchronisation zwischen dem Parasitoiden und dem Wirt während der Zeit, da E. aurinia im Puppen-, Adult- oder Eistadium ist, wird aufrechterhalten durch ein verlängertes Coconstadium von Apanteles. Die Puppen des Parasitoiden entwickeln sich normal und die Adulten schlüpfen, bleiben aber bis 4 Wochen lang im Cocon, bevor sie sich eine Ausgangsöffnung machen. Das Wetter kann den Parasitierungsgrad der letzten Wirtsstadien beeinflussen. Wenn der Frühling kalt ist mit klarem Himmel, kann die Synchronisierung zwischen Parasitoiden, die aus Viertlarven des Wirts schlüpfen und potentiellen Fünft- und Sechtstlarven des Wirts schlecht werden. Die Entwicklung von Apanteles-Puppen wird durch die Umgebungstemperatur beeinflusst, während E. aurinia-Larven ihre Temperatur erhöhen, indem sie sich sonnen und deshalb rasch wachsen. Wenn die Parasitoiden unter solchen Bedingungen schlüpfen, sind die meisten potentiellen Wirte schon verpuppt und damit nicht mehr geeignet für die Parasitierung. Die Mechanismen der Synchronisation und der Wettereinfluss auf diese Vorgänge wird diskutiert.
    Notizen: Abstract The gregarious endoparasite, Apanteles bignellii Marshall is specific to the nymphalid butterfly, Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) in the British Isles. The synchronisation between host and parasitoid is described at a site near Oxford, England where both occur. Three regular generations of A. bignellii occur in one generation of the host in the studied population. Relevant features of the biology of A. bignellii and E. aurinia are described, including a method of distinguishing the number of Apanteles larval instars based upon shed cuticle remnants. Mechanisms for host-parasitoid synchronisation are outlined, especially a protracted parasitoid cocoon stage when the host is unavailable for attack during the chrysalis, adult and egg stages. Cool, but sunny weather conditions in spring can influence the degree of parasitisation experienced by final instar host caterpillars. The timing of adult A. bignellii emergence and subsequent attack on early instar hosts can lead to additional, partial, generations of parasitoids from second and fifth instar hosts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338663
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of artificial diets for laboratory rearing of larvae of the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 121-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Earias insulana ; Bollworm ; Artificial diets ; Insect fecundity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300911
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural localization of adenylate cyclase and cAMP phosphodiesterase in the gastrulating chick embryo (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 42-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Chick embryo ; Gastrulation ; Adenylate cyclase ; cAMP phosphodiesterase ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural localization of adenylate cyclase (E.C. 4.6.1.1.) and cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) (E.C. 3.1.4.17.) in the ectoderm of the developmental stage 4 chick embryo was studied. Adenylate cyclase was localized in the lateral surfaces of the ectodermal cells. In the primitive streak cells the enzymatic activity was observed on all the lateral surfaces, whereas in the periphery of the blastoderm the reaction product was localized in the apical parts of the lateral plasma membranes only. cAMP PDE localized in the apical cytoplasm of the ectodermal cells, with highest activity in the globular projections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848768
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Error analysis for Laplace transform —Finite element solution of hyperbolic equations (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary The finite element method with Laplace transform of time variable is proposed for the solution of hyperbolic equations. Error estimates in Hardy spaces of functions with values in Sobolev spaces are derived. Due to the isometric isomorphism of Hardy spaces with weighted Hilbert spaces these estimates are valid also for original formulations of hyperbolic equations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01396305
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Smoothing the extrapolated midpoint rule (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 165-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65LO5 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary The extrapolated midpoint rule is a popular way to solve the initial value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations. As originally formulated by Gragg, the results are smoothed to remove the weak instability of the midpoint rule. It is shown that this smoothing is not necessary. A cheaper smoothing scheme is proposed. A way to exploit smoothing to increase the robustness of extrapolation codes is formulated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01390211
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On calculating the eigenvalues of the finite Hill's differential equation (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 255-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65L15 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary Some methods for evaluating the characteristic exponents in connection with Newton's iteration are applied for solving the eigenvalue problem related to the finite Hill's differential equation or, in particular, Mathieu's equation. By using these methods a high accuracy is achieved, furthermore a complete error analysis, which yields rather realistic error bounds, is possible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01390215
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monotone methods for periodic solutions of second order scalar functional differential equations (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 15-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS: 65L10 ; 34C25 ; 34K10 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary An iterative method is presented which starting from a lower or from an upper periodic solution, provides a monotone sequence converging to a periodic solution of (1). With some restrictions on the growth off, the method extends to functional differential equations of type (1′). Two numerical examples with an “a posteriori” error analysis are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400915
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Approximation of pseudodifferential operators in absorbing boundary conditions for hyperbolic equations (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 51-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS (MOS): 65N99 ; 35L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary Engquist and Majda [3] proposed a pseudodifferential operator as asymptotically valid absorbing boundary condition for hyperbolic equations. (In the case of the wave equation this boundary condition is valid at all frequencies.) Here, least-squares approximation of the symbol of the pseudodifferential operator is proposed to obtain differential operators as boundary conditions. It is shown that for the wave equation this approach leads to Kreiss well-posed initial boundary value problems and that the expectation of the reflected energy is lower than in the case of Taylor- and Padé-approximations [3, 4]. Numerical examples indicate that this method works even more effectively for hyperbolic systems. The least-squares approach may be used to generate the boundary conditions automatically.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400917
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the condition number of boundary integral operators for the exterior Dirichlet problem for the Helmholtz equation (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 77-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65N99 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary Brakhage and Werner, Leis and Panich suggested to reduce the exterior Dirichlet boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation to an integral equation of the second kind which is uniquely solvable for all frequencies by seeking the solution in the form of a combined double- and single-layer potential. We present an analysis of the appropriate choice of the parameter coupling the double- and single-layer potential in order to minimize the condition number of the integral operator.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400919
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On multi-grid methods for variational inequalities (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65 N 20 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary We consider here a general class of algorithms for the numerical solution of variational inequalities. A convergence proof is given and in particular a multi-grid method is described. Numerical results are presented for the finite-difference discretization of an obstacle problem for minimal surfaces
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400918
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die maximale Konsistenzordnung von Differenzenapproximationen nichtnegativer Art (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65N10 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary Many difference methods for the numerical solution of elliptic boundary value problems lead to systems of linear equations whose matrices areM-matrices and which therefore have nonnegative inverses. In this paper it is shown, that these difference methods are at most consistent of second order.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400922
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On conforming finite element methods for the inhomogeneous stationary Navier-Stokes equations (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 173-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary We consider the stationary Navier-Stokes equations, written in terms of the primitive variables, in the case where both the partial differential equations and boundary conditions are inhomogeneous. Under certain conditions on the data, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a weak formulation of the equations can be guaranteed. A conforming finite element method is presented and optimal estimates for the error of the approximate solution are proved. In addition, the convergence properties of iterative methods for the solution of the discrete nonlinear algebraic systems resulting from the finite element algorithm are given. Numerical examples, using an efficient choice of finite element spaces, are also provided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01395310
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Contractivity in the numerical solution of initial value problems (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 271-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65J10, 65L20, 65M10 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary Consider a linear autonomous system of ordinary differential equations with the property that the norm |U(t)| of each solutionU(t) satisfies |U(t)|≦|U(0)| (t≧0). We call a numerical process for solving such a system contractive if a discrete version of this property holds for the numerical approximations. A givenk-step method is said to be unconditionally contractive if for each stepsizeh〉0 the numerical process is contractive. In this paper a general theory is given which yields necessary and sufficient conditions for unconditional contractivity. It turns out that unconditionally contractive methods are subject to an order barrierp≦1. Further the concept of a contractivity threshold is studied, which makes it possible to compare the contractivity behaviour of methods with an orderp〉1 as well. Most theoretical results in this paper are formulated for differential equations in arbitrary Banach spaces. Applications are given to numerical methods for solving ordinary as well as partial differential equations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389573
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability of multistep-methods on variable grids (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 359-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS 65L05 ; 65L07 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary This paper is concerned with the stability of multistep methods for ordinary initial-value problems on grids with variable mesh-sizes. A necessary and sufficient condition for stability is given from which generalizations of recent results by Gear et al. and by Zlatev can be obtained as special cases. As an application the stability of the variable BDF-formulas is treated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389580
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Norm bounds for rational matrix functions (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 379-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): AMS(MOS): 65L20 ; 15A60 ; 65M20 ; CR: 5.17
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary If the field of values of a matrixA is contained in the left complex halfplaneH and a functionf mapsH into the unit disc then ∥f(A)∥2≦1 by a theorem of J.v. Neumann. We prove a theorem of this type, only the field of values ofA is used for functions which are absolutely bounded by one in only part ofH. An extension can be used to show norm-stability of single step methods for stiff differential equations. The results are applicable among others to several subdiagonal Padé approximations which are notA-stable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389581
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron microscopical study of self-differentiation potency in the chick embryonic endoderm cultured in vitro (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Differentiation ; Digestive tract ; Endoderm ; Organ culture ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The self-differentiation potency of the endoderm of the chick embryo was investigated mainly by transmission electron microscopy. Endodermal fragments isolated from 4- to 6-day stomach or small intestine were cultured in the absence of mesenchyme and were able to differentiate in vitro into organ-specific epithelia. Endodermal fragments isolated from the stomach region differentiated into a pseudo-stratified epithelium with periodic acid Schiff-positive mucous granules in the apical cytoplasm, while those from the small intestinal region differentiated into a simple columnar epithelium with a striated border which was positive in alkaline phosphatase activity. These features are comparable with those of the mucous secretory epithelium of the normal embryonic stomach and the absorptive epithelium of normal embryonic small intestine, respectively. Next, the self-differentiation potencies were investigated of the upper and lower layers of the blastoderms, at stages 1–5 of Hamburger and Hamilton (H. and H.). Both stomach-type and small-intestine-type epithelia developed only when fragments of the lower layer isolated from the blastoderms older than stage 3 of H. and H. were cultured, suggesting that cells possessing the potency to differentiate into the stomach- and small-intestine-type epithelia exist in the definitive endoderm at the beginning of its formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848687
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure of tuberculate spores in Streptomyces thermoviolaceus (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 295-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Actinomycetes ; Streptomyces thermoviolaceus ; Sporogenesis ; Spore ornamentation ; Cupular knobs ; Sheath ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The sporogenesis of aerial spores in Streptomyces thermoviolaceus corresponded to a common sporulation type in the genus. The sporulation septum was composed of an outer ring-shaped constriction wall and an inner interspace septum arising by the inwards growth of a double annulus. In mature spores the wall was composed of two layers, the outer one was part of the parent hyphal wall and septum material, the inner one was formed de novo. The spore chains were enclosed by the thin breakable sheath containing small rod-like elements. The ornamentation in the form of knobs, which were a characteristic feature of the species originated from the sheath. The knobs were hemispherical particles with an inner electron dense core and an outer electron transparent shell. The term “cupular knobs” was suggested for this type of tuberculate ornamentation. Frequently, the knobs became detached from the surface in which case the inner core separated easily from the shell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407805
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chroococcus S24 and Chroococcus N41 (cyanobacteria): morphological, biochemical and genetic characterization and effects of water stress on ultrastructure (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanobacteria ; Ultrastructure ; Nitrogen fixation ; Water stress ; Taxonomy ; DNA ; Plasmids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two strains of desiccation-tolerant coccoid cyanobacteria, Chroococcus S24, a marine form, and Chroococcus N41, a cryptoendolith isolated from a hot-desert rock, have been characterized. The mol % DNA base compositions of the strains are 47.1 and 48.9% respectively. Plasmid DNA was not detected in either strain. The pigment contents and nutritional characteristics of the strains are identical. Both lack phycoerythrinoid pigments and, in culture, behave as slow-growing halotolerant marine forms with elevated requirements for Na+, Cl−, Mg2+ and Ca2+. Sucrose was the only carbon source of those tested that supported photoheterotrophic growth. Each strain synthesizes nitrogenase under anaerobic conditions but not in air. Morphologically the two strains are indistinguishable. They are considered to be independent isolates of the same cyanobacterial species. Chroococcus N41 was studied in detail with the electron microscope. When brought to equilibrium at matric water potentials of-168 MPa and lower (to-673 MPa=c0.12a w) the protoplast shrinks, but the cells maintain the same size and diameter as those at-2,156 kPa (MN medium; control); the sheath expands and remains attached to the cell wall outer membrane by fibrils. The cell wall, cell membrane, thylakoid membranes, cyanophycin granules and carboxysomes appeared intact in desiccated cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408014
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone components of the European goat moth,Cossus cossus (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; Cossus cossus ; Lepidoptera ; Cossidae ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-5-dodecenol ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-3-decenyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Female tip washings of the European goat moth,Cossus cossus L., were found to contain the following compounds that are structurally similar to known pheromone components of Lepidoptera (%): decyl acetate (1.5), (Z)-5-dodecenol (1), (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (66), dodecyl acetate (12), (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate (14), tetradecyl acetate (4), and hexadecyl acetate (1.5). The washes contained an average of 125 ng of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate per female equivalent. EAG responses to nanogram amounts of the identified products indicated that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate was the most potent olfactory stimulant followed by (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-5-dodecenol, whereas the saturated acetates caused only weak depolarization. A strong EAG response was also recorded for (Z)-3-decenyl acetate, which was not detected in the female tip washings. Field results showed that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate was essential for the attraction of the males and that (Z)-3-decenyl acetate improved the attractiveness of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate alone or in combination with (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988036
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate Major component of sex pheromone of the processionary moth (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Synthesis ; sex pheromone ; processionary moth ; Thaume-topoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate ; acetylene ; carbocupration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The synthesis of the major component of the sex pheromone of the processionary mothThaumetopoea pityocampa is described. The synthesis uses the carbocupration of acetylene, followed by the coupling with the appropriate 1-iodoalkyne. This synthetic pheromone was shown to be of 98.8%Z purity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988039
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone components ofEuxoa drewseni Chemical identification, electrophysiological evaluation, and field attractancy tests (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 335-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Euxoa drewseni ; Chorizagrotis thanatologia ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; attractant inhibitor ; parapheromone ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-pentadecenyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Eleven compounds structurally similar to known lepidopterous pheromone components were identified in the extract from 18 calling female moths ofEuxoa drewseni (Staudinger). The identifications were done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution gas chromatography with flame ionization and electroantennographic detectors simultaneously. Detector antennae were from five species of moths. In the field, male moths were specifically attracted to a three-component blend of dodecyl, (Z)-5-dodecenyl, and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetates in a ratio of 2∶6∶1. This blend at 1000 μg/rubber septum dispenser is recommended as a trap bait for monitoring purposes. Low concentrations of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate or (Z)-7-tetradecenol inhibited the attraction of moths to the three-component blend. (Z)-7-Pentadecenyl acetate functioned as a parapheromone in place of (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate in the pheromone blend, and they appear to react via the same antennal receptor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988453
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Apparent long-term bodily contamination by disparlure, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) Attractant (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Disparlure ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; gypsy moth ; pheromone persistence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Positive attraction of male gypsy moths to the body of the author, now four years after his last known direct contact with disparlure, the synthetic pheromone, is documented. A designed test showed that moths responded to him in highly significantly greater numbers than to others who had had less or no previous exposure to the insect and / or disparlure. The data present persuasive evidence of bodily contamination with disparlure and suggest that the material is very persistent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987768
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Triunsaturated hydrocarbons, sex pheromone components ofCaenurgina erechtea (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1413-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Behavior ; Caenurgina erechtea (Cramer) ; forage looper ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; flight tunnel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene have been identified as components of the sex pheromone of the noctuid,Caenurgina erechtea (Cramer), the forage looper. Structural assignments were made on the basis of spectroscopic and chromatographic data and were confirmed by comparison with synthetic material. Flight tunnel behavioral studies demonstrated that either component, when tested individually, would elicit wing fanning responses in males; however, mixtures of the two components increased this response and were essential for initiation of upwind flight and landing. In field experiments, traps baited with either component alone captured few or no adult forage looper males while those baited with both components captured several target males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990747
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of a sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moth (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 645-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; 3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; 3,6,9-eicosatriene ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moths,Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, that attracts conspecific males was isolated and identified as a blend of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene in a ratio of ca. 5∶3, respectively, when combined. The synthesized compounds elicited responses by velvetbean caterpillar moth males equivalent to those elicited by females in both laboratory wind tunnel bioassays and field trapping experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990414
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of soybean phytoalexins on the herbivorous insects mexican bean beetle and soybean looper (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 657-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pseudoplusia includens ; soybean looper ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Epilachna varivestis ; Mexican bean beetle ; Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; feeding preferences ; nutrition ; food utilization ; host-plant resistance ; induced resistance ; glyceollin ; isoflavonoids ; soybean ; phytoalexins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Effects of soybean phytoalexins on the feeding of the soybean looper and Mexican bean beetle were investigated to test the hypothesis that phytoalexins might be a defense mechanism of plants against insects as well as against pathogens. Short-term behavioral responses to the phytoalexins were analyzed using dual-choice tests with phytoalexin-rich and phytoalexin-poor (control) tissues. Phytoalexin production was elicited with ultraviolet radiation. Results from the dual-choice tests indicated that 6th instar soybean looper larvae fed equally on the control and phytoalexin-rich tissues. Feeding by adult and 4th instar Mexican bean beetles, however, was strongly deterred by the phytoalexins as evidenced by “single-bite” mandible scars on the phytoalexin-rich cotyledon discs. Nutritional effects of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin glyceollin on early instar soybean looper larvae were tested by incorporating the phytoalexin into an artificial medium at a level of 1% dry weight (0.15% fresh weight). The larvae were reared for 7 days from emergence on diets of control and glyceollin-containing media. Although survival on the glyceollin diets was initially less than on the control diets, under the experimental conditions glyceollin had no significant effect on the growth, development, or subsequent survival of the larvae. Efficiency of food utilization (ECI) was reduced, indicating that the phytoalexins may be a mild digestibility-reducing factor for the loopers. Implications of the results for host-plant resistance are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988774
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of sex pheromone components of the female driedfruit moth,Vitula edmandsae serratilineella, and a blend for attraction of male moths (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 785-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Driedfruit moth ; Vitula edmandsae serratilineella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Phycitinae ; sex pheromone ; attractant inhibitor ; (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienol ; (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienal ; alcohol ; aldehyde
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sixteen pheromone-like compounds were identified in abdomen tip washes and excised abdomen tip extracts of calling females of driedfruit moth,Vitula edmandsae serratilineella Ragonot. Identifications were by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography with flame ionization and electroantennographic detectors. Male moths were attracted to a blend of (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienol and (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienal in a ratio of 100∶1 at 500 μg/rubber septum dispenser, which is recommended for monitoring purposes. Low concentrations of (Z)-9-tetradecenol (0.5%) and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (0.1%) may be beneficial for the attraction of males, but 1–2% of (E)-9,(E)-12- or (Z)-9,(Z)-12-tetradecadienol, or (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienyl acetate inhibited their attraction. Gravid female moths were attracted to traps that captured large numbers of males. Females may be attracted to male hairpencil or forewing gland secretions emitted near the traps or that accumulate in the traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988783
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure of catecholamine-containing axons in the intestine of the domestic fowl (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 411-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Intestines (chicken) ; Innervation ; Catecholamines ; Adrenergic fibres ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Axons in the duodenum, ileum and rectum of the domestic fowl were identified as catecholamine-containing (CA) on the basis of positive reactivity following chromaffin fixation for electron microscopy. CA-axons in association with blood vessels in all regions of the intestine and in non-vascular sites in the small intestine had a ‘ typical’ adrenergic appearance, in that they contained many small granular vesicles (SGV) and variable numbers of large granular vesicles (LGV). In the rectum the non-vascular CA-axon profiles were atypical, in that there were many elongated LGV and few SGV, and the chromaffin reactivity was weak. The nerve profiles in the rectum were dramatically reduced following 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine treatment and were absent in rectum cultured in the absence of extrinsic ganglia. It was concluded that the profiles, in spite of their low chromaffin reactivity, truely represent CA-axons. The possibility was raised that the atypical morphology and reduced chromaffin reactivity is due to the presence of adrenaline.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213778
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural identification of corticotropes of the fetal rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 427-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Corticotropes ; Rat fetus ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Corticotropes of rat fetuses aged 16, 18 and 21 days were localized by the indirect antibody-enzyme method on semithin sections of the pituitary. The development of the ultrastructure of these cells was observed on consecutive ultrathin sections. In comparison with previous data our present results show that identification of a fetal cell type cannot be based entirely on morphological criteria. The structural peculiarities of corticotropes obtained from studies in vivo are compared with those observed in cells maintained in vitro.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213779
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rodent odontogenesis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 679-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Odontogenesis ; Rats ; Cyclophosphamide ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rodent odontogenesis were investigated by light and electron microscopy in four-day-old Sprague Dawley rats given one injection of 40 mg/kg of body weight of cyclophosphamide and killed at intervals of one hour, one day, one week and two weeks. Incisor and molar teeth were dissected from the animals, fixed in 2.0% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate with 3.4% sucrose, and subsequently some were incubated for alkaline phosphatase reaction, and embedded in Spurr's medium for sectioning at light- and electron-microscopic levels. From three days a cell-sparse zone was created in the pulp in the growing end of the tooth and progressive cellular changes were observed which became more severe in the one-week and two-week specimens. Subodontoblast and adjacent pulpal cells were the most affected showing nuclear changes, damage to, or loss of, organelles, and inclusion bodies. Odontogenic epithelium was less affected and odontoblasts appeared to be unaffected by the drug. A new irregular matrix was laid down in the defect area and seemed to be the product of depolarized odontoblasts. This new matrix showed alkaline phosphatase activity, as did the cells embedded in it, and later it became mineralized. It is speculated that the polarity of odontoblasts might be maintained by an intact subodontoblastic layer; when this is lost the odontoblasts become depolarized and capable of secreting matrix from both ends.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218659
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of metabolically active endothelial cells in high yield from bovine cavernous bodies (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 579-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cavernous bodies ; Endothelial cells ; Respiratory activity ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Work on endothelial cells has been limited by the availability of procedures for obtaining such cells in quantities adequate for direct in vitro analysis. The present paper describes a method for the isolation of endothelial cells from bovine cavernous bodies. A number of cells ranging from 2.5 to 4 × 108 per animal has been obtained. The cells were identified as follows 1) presence of the “Weibel and Palade” bodies in the isolated cells, 2) “cobblestone” appearance of cell cultures, and 3) presence of factor VIII, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence assays. The cell viability at the end of the purification procedure was tested 1) by dye-exclusion tests and 2) by metabolic assays. Features of this preparation are 1) the very high yield of viable endothelial cells, 2) the absence of contamination by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and a very low contamination by erythrocytes and 3) the fine dispersion of the isolated cells. These properties allow functional and subcellular fractionation studies on freshly isolated endothelial cells of microvascular origin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216430
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural morphometry of the myocardium of Thunnus alalunga (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Myocardium ; Thunnus alalunga ; Ultrastructure ; Mitochondria ; Myofibrils
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The common ventricle in the heart of the Thunnus alalunga was studied. The ventricular myocardium consists of an outer compact layer and a thick inner spongy layer. The compact layer has slightly larger cells (4–6 μm diameter) than the spongy layer (2.5–5 μm diameter). Ultrastructurally the myocardium displays normal arrangements of myofibrils and mitochondria. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is poorly developed. The intercalated discs are simple with the fascia adherens being the most frequent junctional type observed; occasionally a desmosome was seen. Nexus type junctions are present but are unassociated with the intercalated discs. There are no t-tubules evident but the plasmalemma exhibits numerous caveolae which rarely form couplings with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A morphometric analysis of the volume percent of mitochondria and myofibrils showed that the myocardial cells in the spongy layer of the heart have a significantly greater volume percentage of mitochondria than the compact layer. No significant differences were found between myocardial regions when the volume percentages of myofibrils were compared. The physiological studies revealed that the albacore tuna has heart rates (120 bpm) and ventricular blood pressures (100 mmHg) that are among the highest reported for fish.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238308
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of rat epididymis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 523-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Epididymis (rat) ; Myosin ; Actin ; Fibronectin ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The anatomical distribution of smooth muscle actin, myosin, fibronectin and basement membrane has been investigated immunohistochemically, using the indirect immunofluorescence technique, in the rat epididymis. The findings were correlated with the ultrastructural organization of the organ. Actin was found to be distributed in the stereociliary region of the epithelial principal cells and in the terminal web region. Actin was also visible along the base of the epithelium. Myosin was detected in the terminal web and in the terminal bar regions of the epithelium. The contractile cells showed a strong stain for both proteins. Basement membrane immunoreactivity was distributed along the epithelial basement membrane and around the contractile cells of the wall. In the cauda, between the epithelium and the contractile cell layers, the lamina propria, containing blood vessels and a thin layer of cells, was negative for all antigens investigated. Fibronectin showed a granular distribution around the contractile cells, mainly in the cauda. The ultrastructural study showed only thin (5–6 nm in diameter) filaments in the stereocilia and terminal web region. Thin filaments were also visible in the cytoplasm of the basal cells, thus suggesting a contractile function of this cell type. The heterogeneous appearance of the contractile cells of the wall seemed to support the different contractile pattern of the epididymal regions: caput, corpus and cauda. The cells present in the lamina propria showed cytoplasmic vesicles with dark granules resembling the “A” cell granules of the endocrine pancreas and gut mucosa cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212222
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The structure and function of the nematocysts of Chironex fleckeri Southcott, 1956 (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 563-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Nematocysts ; Structure ; Ultrastructure ; Function ; Cubozoa
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Microbasic p-mastigophores, euryteles of two size groups, holotrichous isorhizas and atrichous isorhizas, comprise the cnidom of Chironex fleckeri, a cubozoan that has been responsible for several human fatalities. In its undischarged state each microbasic mastigophore of C. fleckeri consists of a capsule containing matrix and an inverted tube possessing a smooth-walled butt which is loosely coiled helically and which narrows to form a thread that is tightly coiled helically and markedly pleated. Both butt and thread carry three helices of spines and contain a granular matrix. During discharge, the proximal butt spines form initially a piercing stylet. Granular material from the butt and thread is released prior to the release of capsular material. Each eurytele possesses a tube with a butt composed of three bulbs, the middle bulb bearing long spines. Each holotrichous isorhiza possesses a coiled tube bearing small spines along its length. Each atrichous isorhiza exhibits a tube that is devoid of spines and loosely folded in the undischarged condition. The probable role of each type of nematocyst is inferred from its structure and features that enable the ready separation of the nematocysts of C. fleckeri from those of scyphozoan jellyfish are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212225
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ciliary epithelia of the mammalian eye in cultured explants (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 629-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ciliary process ; Cultured explant ; Epithelial cells ; Ultrastructure ; Bovine and rabbit eyes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural characteristics of ciliary epithelium from bovine, pigmented rabbit, and fetal albino rabbit were studied in cultured explants. The tips of ciliary processes were cultured in plastic dishes with Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 5% fetal bovine serum. More than half of the expiants adhered to the plastic culture dish, and epithelial cells spread as monolayers within a few days. Initially the explant contains two layers, the outer (nonpigmented cells) and the inner (pigmented cells). Later the explant exhibits three layers: 1) outermost lightly pigmented flattened cells, 2) an outer layer of nonpigmented cells, and 3) an inner layer of densely pigmented cuboidal cells. The cells of the outermost layer are continuous with the cells of the inner layer. A narrow space lies between the outermost layer and the outer layer. The columnar cells in the outer layer contain well developed organelles but no pigment granules; they possess a basement membrane, lateral interdigitations, and junctional complexes near their apices. Numerous focal junctions and some ciliary channel-like structures were detected between the columnar cells of the outer layer and the cuboidal cells of the inner layer. The cuboidal cells of the inner layer are filled with pigment granules. These observations suggest that the columnar cells of the outer layer are nonpigmented epithelium, the cuboidal cells of the inner layer are pigmented epithelium, and the flatened cells in the outermost layer are derived from pigmented epithelium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212230
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural observations on the formation of follicles in the human fetal thyroid (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 693-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Thyroid gland ; Human fetus ; Follicles ; Ultrastructure ; Differentiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Thyroid glands from 40 human fetuses ranging from 30 to 175 mm in length were examined by electron microscopy. At the 30 mm stage, the cells are arranged in cords or clusters and contain numerous free ribosomes. The rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is poorly developed and the Golgi complex consists of saccules, smooth and coated vesicles. Mitochondria, microfilaments, glycogen particles, occasional lysosome-like structures, and single cilia are observed. At sites of incipient follicle formation, intercellular clefts containing interdigitating microvilli, delimited by junctional complexes, are evident. In addition, the apical region of some cells contains vacuoles. At the 50-mm stage, intercellular clefts are more apparent, some of them organized into small follicles through the enlargement of the lumen, the incorporation of additional cells, and the formation of a basal lamina. With increasing gestational age, more follicles are established. The lumina vary from round to clover-leaf shaped and have an electron-dense content. Cisternae of RER are dilated and contain flocculent material. The Golgi complex is more extensive, and lysosome-like structures are more numerous. By the 100-mm stage, the follicular cells appear morphologically well differentiated. The results demonstrate an extracellular origin of the follicular lumen in the human fetal thyroid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212236
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in the developing rat lung (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 165-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fibronectin ; Lung ; Development ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In a previous study changes in the macrodistribution of fibronectin during rat-lung development were examined. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique, we have demonstrated the presence of fibronectin in embryonic, neonatal, and adult rat lung at the ultrastructural level. In the embryo, fibronectin is found both in an intra-and extracellular association with isolated pneumoblasts, and in a periodic distribution along the basal lamina. The neonate displays fibronectin in an intracellular association with early type-I cells and on their basal and luminal surfaces, but not in association with type-II cells. Neonatal basal lamina is diffusely labeled by anti-fibronectin antiserum. Fibronectin in adult tissue is found both intracellularly and on the basal and luminal surfaces of type-I cells but not in type-II cells. The basal lamina and interstitial connective tissue are slightly or non-reactive. These observations confirm and extend our initial suggestion that fibronectin is involved in rat-lung development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217410
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron microscopy of extracellular materials during the development of a sea star, Patiria miniata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sea star ; Development ; Cuticle ; Extracellular materials ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of conspicuous extracellular materials during the life history of a sea star (Patiria miniata) is described. The outer surface of the developing sea star is covered by two morphologically different cuticles that appear sequentially during ontogeny. The primary cuticle, which is about 120 nm thick and two-layered, is present from mid-blastula through the end of the larval stage. The secondary cuticle, which is about 1 μm thick and three-layered, first appears on the epidermis of the rudiment region of the larva and, after metamorphosis, covers the entire epidermis of the juvenile and adult stages. During ontogeny, there are only two conspicuous gut cuticles: the first lines the newly invaginated archenteron at the start of the gastrula stage, and the second lines the esophagus during the larval stage. A blastocoelic basal lamina first appears at mid-blastula and persists as subectodermal and subendodermal basal laminae. Ruthenium red-positive granules are detectable between the lateral surfaces of adjacent ectodermal cells during part of the gastrula stage; this transient intercellular material may possibly aid in lateral adhesion between cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217412
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in plastid ultrastructure during iron nutrition-mediated chloroplast development (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 114 (1983), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Chloroplasts ; Iron stress ; Sugar beet ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary When grown in iron-free media, the youngest leaves of healthy green sugar beet plants became completely yellow after 6 to 8 days. This chlorosis was quickly reversed by resupplying iron. A study of the ultrastructure of the iron -stressed leaves revealed apparently normal subcellular organization except for the plastids which were small and undeveloped, contained a rudimentary, disorganized grana-fretwork and clusters of vesicles in the periphery. Twelve to 16 hours after resupply of iron, aggregates of phytoferritin were observed in the stroma, and the granal fretwork underwent further development. There was an increased orientation of the membranes along the long axis of the plastids and an increase in the length of the individual grana stacks. By 48 hours, leaf chlorophyll content was about 40% of the control. At the ultrastructural level, parallel alignment of membrane orientation was complete and the grana stacks began to increase in the number of thylakoids per stack.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279871
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleolus-associated bodies (karyosomes) in dividing and differentiating plant cells (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica napus ; Nucleolus ; Pisum sativum ; Ultrastructure ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The karyosome is a spherical body up to 1 μm in diameter that lies on the nucleolus of certain plant species, particularly those with a relatively low nuclear DNA content and an areticulate nuclear structure. It can be seen in the light microscope after impregnation with silver; in the electron microscope its structure consists of fibrillo-granular material. Nucleoli of cells in root apices may bear 0, 1, or 2 karyosomes. The frequency with which these numbers of karyosomes are observed depends on the location of the cells within the apex. In roots ofPisum sativum andZea mays the nucleoli of both slowly-dividing and young differentiating cells bear karyosomes more frequently than the nucleoli of rapidly-dividing cells. The karyosome seems to adopt a preferred location on the nucleolus, lying most frequently on the nucleolar surfaces directed towards the apex or base of the root. The origin and functional significance of the karyosome are discussed. Morphological evidence suggests that it may be material that formerly was part of a fibrillar centre.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01293574
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stomatal pore and cuticle formation inFunaria (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Cuticle ; Peristomatal transpiration ; Stomata ; Ultrastructure ; Funaria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Cuticle and pore development in the guard cells ofFunaria were investigated with the electron microscope. Pore cuticle formation is simultaneous with the creation of the pore itself. The morphology of the pore cuticle is unlike that of any cuticle described in the literature. It has many lamellae which are penetrated by electron dense fibrils. Three different cuticular morphologies exist from the pore to the subsidiary cell walls. The cuticles on the pore and outer walls contain fibrils that sometimes reach to the surface. The subsidiary cell cuticle lacks fibrils altogether. It is hypothesized that (1) cuticularization of the middle lamella contributes to ventral wall separation and (2) differences in extent of cuticular fibrils are related to greater water loss from stomata than from subsidiary cells (peristomatal transpiration).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01294225
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microtubule organization and morphogenesis in young spores of the mossTetraphis pellucida Hedw (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Microtubules ; Moss ; MTOC ; Sporogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Microtubule systems appear sequentially at the distal and proximal poles of tetrad members during mid-sporogenesis in the mossTetraphis pellucida Hedw. The distal microtubule system emanates from a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) located between the single plastid and the nucleus. The distal MTOC and associated microtubules, which appear immediately after cytokinesis, are ephemeral and do not appear to be associated with the deposition of exine occuring at the same time. The proximal microtubule system, which appears slightly later than the distal system, is a more stable component of mid-sporogenesis. The proximal MTOC is an irregularly lobed, patelliform aggregation of electron-dense granules located beneath the plasma membrane at the proximal spore pole. Several bundles of microtubules radiate from the proximal MTOC and traverse the cell, enclosing the nucleus in an cone of microtubules. The proximal microtubule system is thought to function in aperture development and organelle migration. The relatively large nucleus migrates a short distance in the small spore early in the tetrad stage and maintains its acentric position at the proximal pole throughout later stages of sporogenesis. The plastid migrates later in the tetrad stage from its meiotic position parallel to the distal surface to a position perpendicular to the distal surface with one tip in close proximity to the proximal MTOC. The proximal microtubule system reaches its maximum development by the end of the tetrad stage and all micrographic evidence of it is lost in the maturation stages of late sporogenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279828
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphogenesis of coremia and rhizomorphs in the AscomyceteSphaerostilbe repens (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 99-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Sphaerostilbe repens ; Ultrastructure ; Differentiation ; Coremia ; Rhizomorphs
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The differentiating stages of coremia and rhizomorphs inSphaerostilbe repens were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Vegetative mycelium is characterized by highly cytoplasmic cells rich in ribosomes and mitochondria and with few vacuoles as well as endoplasmic reticulum. Cell walls are thin attaining a maximum thickness of 0.10 μm. During the aggregating phase a prosenchymatous mass of randomly oriented cells is produced by localized elongation and branching of the filaments. The hyphae in this region have the appearance of actively metabolising cells. In the course of the differentiating phase, numerous hyphae of the median zone of the aggregate grow upward and downward to give rise to coremium and rhizomorph primordia respectively. The individual hyphal tips lay parallel to each other and cells of the growing apices retain their meristematic characteristics. At the periphery of the aggregate and to a lesser extent in the subapical rhizomorphic zone, cells reduce their cytoplasmic density as a consequence of a decrease in the number of ribosomes. These cells also increase in size and become isodiametric and vacuolated. During cellular differentiation walls increase steadily in thickness and at the elongating phase they reach 0.30 μm in the rhizomorphic cortex. Mucilaginous material is progressively deposited around hyphae and in the most differentiated zones, coalesce to fill interhyphal spaces. This extracellular matrix seems to play a role in maintaining cohesiveness of the aggregated organs. The tissue in the process of differentiation is scattered with cells highly enriched in mitochondria and with cells virtually undifferentiated. Accumulation of microfilaments takes place in the differentiating zone localized behind the immersed meristematic apex. These structures might be involved in wall synthesis. Glycogen rosettes accumulate in the vegetative mycelium surrounding the aggregating centers, suggesting the possibility of supplying energy during the differentiating processes. The vacuolar system, represented by autophagic vacuoles which are present until the differentiation phase, presumably may also participate in the biochemical changes that occur during aggregation. Coremial cells are characterized by an increase in wall thickness, a highly sinuous plasma-membrane as well as large amounts of mucilaginous compounds accumulated between hyphae, but in all other respects they resemble the cells of actively growing vegetative hyphae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279827
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure of aerial stalk formation by the ciliated protozoanSorogena stoianovitchae (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Ciliated protozoan ; Sorogenesis ; Extracellular matrix ; Secretion ; Extrusive organelles ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Sorogena stoianovitchae Bradbury andOlive is an unusual kinetophragminophoran ciliate characterized by the aggregation of individual trophic cells to form a multicellular sorogen that rises aerially from the medium surface to produce a sorocarp. A light and electron microscope study of sorogenesis revealed how the sorogenic cells produce the stalk. The feeding ciliates contain numerous subpellicular expansions of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae that are only one element of the secretory system necessary for stalk formation. Upon aggregation, the stalk secretory system develops further, initially with the proliferation of the subpellicular expansions. Then, during later aggregation and early sorogenesis, other secretory elements appear: stalk material vesicles, dense granule vesicles, and electron lucent vacuoles. These are all derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Only the subpellicular expansions and stalk material vesicles appear to add to the stalk matrix. The dense granule vesicles could be precursors of the stalk material vesicles; the electron lucent vacuoles, which can be demonstrated to contain fibrillar material, are perhaps by-products of the secretory process. Sorogenesis inSorogena occurs by a mechanism unique among the stalk-producing protists that have been studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279829
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stalk function during sorogenesis by the ciliated protozoanSorogena stoianovitchae (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 136-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Stalk ; Ciliated protozoan ; Sorogenesis ; Extracellularmatrix ; Ultrastructure ; Secretion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The sorogenic cells of the haptorid ciliateSorogena stoianovitchae Bradbury andOlive secrete a hydrated, fibrillar matrix that becomes organized to form a stalk. This light and electron microscope study examines the role of the secreted stalk matrix in the development of the sorocarp. The stalk material is secreted as a compact clump or clumps of material that expands as it hydrates. The expanded stalk material is initially viscous, but soon, through dehydration or cross-linking, solidifies to form a sheath. The sheath is the outside layer of the stalk, provides structural support, and controls the expansion of the newly secreted stalk material. The sorogenic cells continue to secrete stalk material that expands once it is outside of the cell. The resulting expansion force is directed upward by the sheath, thereby moving the cells further above the surface. The continued dehydration of the sheath material provides an inwardly directed force that also contributes to the upward movement of the sorogen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279830
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural demonstration of loss and recovery of cytochrome oxidase activity during and after heat induction of microcycle conidiation inNeurospora crassa (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Cytochrome oxidase ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Neurospora ; Heat treatment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity of conidia of wild-typeNeurospora crassa was detected cytochemically at the ultrastructural level by 3,′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction during heat treatment at 46 °C and after shift down to 25 °C. At 46 °C the decrease in the enzyme activity was shown to be time-dependent (0–10 hours) in the progressively overswelling conidia. Gradual recovery of the DAB reaction occurred in mitochondria of conidia outgrowing conidiogenous germ tubes (microcycle conidiation) when shifted down to 25 °C. Inactivation of cytochrome oxidase was efficiently prevented during heat treatment in the presence of Tween 20. Such conidia no longer overswelled but still required shift down to 25 °C to produce germ tubes with delayed conidiogenous ability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279832
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of UV-B and UV-C radiation on sugar beet leaves (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 7-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Beta vulgaris ; Chloroplast ; Ultrastructure ; Ultraviolet radiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The effect of UV-C (254 nm) and UV-B (290–320 nm) radiation on leaves ofBeta vulgaris L. at the ultrastructural level was investigated. Although the damage caused by UV-C radiation was more striking than that resulting from UV-B radiation, several structural changes were seen in the UV-B treated material. Generally the effects of UV-B and UV-C radiation were different, suggesting different mechanisms of action, discernible even at the ultrastructural level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281779
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The ultrastructure of the formation and development of the amoeboid tapetum inArum italicum miller (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 116-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Pollen ; Amoeboid tapetum ; Arum italicum ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A tapetum is found around all higher plant meiocytes and is thought to nourish them. It may, in turn, be influenced by their development. The mature tapetal membrane in amoeboid (or periplasmodial) tapeta, of whichArum italicum is an example, fits closely around the developing meiocyte. This description of tapetal ultrastructure starts from the meiotic prophase when the tapetum is still cellular and comprises two rows of cells on the inside of the tetrasporangiate anther. The radial walls of the still cellular tapetum start to dissolve during leptotene of the first meiosis. The lysis begins in the middle lamella in those areas penetrated by the most plasmodesmata. The walls in contact with the meiocytes on the other hand do not disappear until after the first meiosis. At telophase the now fused cytoplasmic tapetal mass begins to extend its joint plasmamembrane, amoeboid fashion, into the loculus. A cluster of microtubules can be seen at the apex of this intrusion apparently initiating or maintaining the shape of the invading plasmamembrane front. The tapetum now adheres closely to the microspores. The tapetal zone closest to the spores has a prominent population of microtubules and just a little ER, whereas the outer zone away from the spores contains all the other organelles. The inner zone, in a squash preparation, is not readily separated from the spores. The microtubules, at the middle microspore stage, are no longer to be seen in a circle around the microspores, but spread out with some lying orthogonal to the now-forming exine surface. In places the tapetal plasmamembrane begins to retract from the exine leaving roughly cone-shaped zones (spines) which become filled with fibrillar material. This material begins to be deposited on the exine surface. These “spines” are both PAS. and Coomassie-blue positive and susceptible to acetolysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01288350
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The structure and histochemistry of sclerotia ofSclerotinia minor Jagger III. Changes in ultrastructure and loss of reserve materials during carpogenic germination (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 214-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Histochemistry ; Sclerotia ; Sclerotial germination ; Sclerotinia ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Cytoplasmic reserves and extracellular substances were progressively broken down and utilized during carpogenic germination of sclerotia ofSclerotinia minor. Glycogen, wall polysaccharides and polyphosphate granules were removed first from regions of the sclerotium distant from developing apothecia, while protein bodies near the base of apothecial stipes were hydrolysed before those further away. The number of profiles of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in cortical and medullary hyphae increased at the onset of germination, indicating increased metabolism in the hyphae. In contrast to developing sclerotia, simple pores with Woronin bodies were frequent in walls and septa during germination. Hyphae that appeared to converge towards the base of apothecial initials retained their cytoplasm and organelles until late in germination and hydrolysis of their reserves was delayed; these are interpreted as translocatory hyphae, although further work is required to determine their role unequivocally. When apothecia were fully developed, hyphae throughout the sclerotium were empty and the walls and extracellular matrix of cortical and medullary hyphae had almost completely broken down.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281825
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mitosis in the freshwater red algaBatrachospermum ectocarpum (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 118 (1983), S. 56-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Carposporophyte ; Cell division ; Mitosis ; Rhodophyta ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Mitotic ultrastructure was observed in meristematic cells of carposporophyte generations of the freshwater red algaBatrachospermum ectocarpum. Prior to nuclear division, cell elongation occurs resulting in the nucleus being located at the proximal end of the cell and separated by a large central vacuole from a distal “empty region” which the daughter nucleus eventually occupies. In late prophase, nuclear envelope-attached polar rings are situated adjacent to shallow nuclear invaginations. At prometaphase the nuclear invaginations extend deeply into the nucleus forming continuous cytoplasmic channels containing microtubules. Perinuclear ER and a typical equatorial chromosomal plate are formed by metaphase at which time the nuclear envelope lining the cytoplasmic channels has dispersed. Chromosomal and non-chromosomal microtubules converge at the poles where a single, large gap is seen in the otherwise intact nuclear envelope. Polar rings were not detected in the few mitotic cells observed beyond prometaphase but are thought to be present. During anaphase an interzonal midpiece is formed and the distal-most incipient daughter nucleus moves laterally past the central vacuole into the apical “empty region”. Features of mitosis inBatrachospermum are believed to be intermediate between those exhibited by the lower and higher orders of red algae, this being consistent with the taxonomic placement of the genus in theNemaliales, the least advanced order of the classFlorideophyceae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01284747
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The ultrastructure of nuclear bodies in interphase plant cell nuclei (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 118 (1983), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear bodies ; Nucleolus ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Nuclear bodies are found in interphase nuclei of root apices of a number of plant species. They often show differences in structure and position relative to the nucleolus and this has led to an attempt to define two classes of body. However, in some species their separation into two classes on structural grounds alone breaks down, indicating that although they may occupy different positions within the nucleus they may in these particular cases be only different forms of the same body. The two extremes of the range of bodies examined represent what have been called “nucleolus-associated body” (karyosome) and “dense body”. The nucleolus-associated body is typically attached to, or adjacent to, the nucleolus. It is composed of fibrils 4–8 nm wide and often has an open structure showing compound threads or fibrils separated from each other by electron-lucent spaces. The dense body is more compact in structure and typically lies free in the nucleoplasm. Both types of body have an affinity for silver ions which, together with their staining reaction following treatment with EDTA, indicates that they consist of ribonucleoprotein. The characteristics of nuclear bodies found in different plant species have some relationship with the structure and DNA content of the interphase nucleus. Nucleolus-associated bodies are characteristic of species with an areticulate nuclear structure (2 C DNA content 〈6 pg), while dense bodies are common in species with a reticulate nuclear structure (2 C DNA content 〉6 pg). The possible functions of the two forms of nuclear body are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01293065
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural polysaccharide localization in calcifying and naked cells of the coccolithophoridEmiliania huxleyi (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 118 (1983), S. 157-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Calcification ; Coccolithophorids ; Polysaccharide localization ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Emiliania huxleyi is a marine coccolithophorid which produces coccoliths,i.e., particles consisting of calcite and macromolecular organic material. The coccoliths are formed intracellulary in specialized organelles which comprise a coccolith vesicle (CV) and a reticular body (RB), together forming the CV/RB system or calcifying system. After termination of calcification, the coccolith is extruded and incorporated into the coccosphere,i.e., one or several layers of extracellular coccoliths surrounding the cell. Apart from the coccolith-producing cells (C cells) ofE. huxleyi, there are naked cells (N cells) which seem to have lost the capacity to produce coccoliths but are very similar to the C cells in other morphological respects. Biochemical studies have revealed that polysaccharides may play a regulatory role in calcification. The aim of the present study was to determine the localization of polysaccharides in both C and N cells electron microscopically. For this purpose, a cytochemical staining technique according toThiéry (1967) was applied. The CV/RB system of C cells was conspicuously stained. Due to the excellent stainability of this system, a putative succession of morphological stages during coccolithogenesis could be described. The staining pattern of the N cells closely resembled that of the C cells. It was found, however, that the “calcifying” system of N and C cells differed in both morphology and position. It is suggested that the divergent morphology of the “calcifying” system of N cells accounts for its failure to produce coccoliths.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01293073
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some aspects of the development of the endodermis and cortex ofTilia cordata andPicea sitchensis (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Cortex ; Endodermis ; Picea sitchensis ; Tilia cordata ; Transfer cells ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The endodermis of bothTilia cordata andPicae citchensis progressess through 3 characteristic phases of development. These developments are delayed somewhat in the xylem pole endodermis ofT. cordata, while inP. sitchensis 3–5 passage cells are found. The cortex ofT. cordata is characterised by very thick walls, while that ofP. sitchensis is characterised by a thick walled layer just outside the endodermis and by 2–3 outer layers of transfer cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182649
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Initial field trials with the synthetic sex pheromone of the processionary mothThaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiff.) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex attractant ; sex pheromone ; processionary moth ; Thaumetopoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate ; field test
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Synthetic (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate has been shown to be highly active in catchingThaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiff.) males in field trials carried out in different parts of Spain. A variety of formulations containing antioxidants or solid paraffin were tested. Formulations containing 3 and 10% ofE isomer showed a decrease of activity compared with those prepared with pureZ isomer. Dodecyl acetate, also found in the virgin female gland, did not show any synergistic effect when tested in a 9∶1 mixture with the synthetic pheromone. The product exhibited a remarkable persistence of activity under the field conditions even in the absence of stabilizer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987772
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spodoptera exigua: Capture of feral males in traps baited with blends of pheromone components (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Spodoptera exigua ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; rubber septa ; (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol ; beet armyworm ; trapping sticky trap
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Field tests were conducted with various blends of acetates and alcohols previously identified as components of the sex pheromone for the beet armyworm (BAW),Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). The compounds were formulated on rubber septa and placed in sticky traps positioned in fields populated withAmaranthus sp., a favored host of this species. Moth captures were highest in traps baited with septa containing a blend of 0.1 mg (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (Z9,E12–14∶Ac) and 0.01 mg(Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z9–14∶OH). Additionally, we confirmed that all combinations of acetates tested alone captured significantly fewer males than blends containing a 10∶1 ratio ofZ9,E12–14∶Ac andZ9–14∶OH. A 10∶1 formulation ofZ9,E12–14∶Ac andZ9–14∶OH in hollow fibers was also attractive to feral BAW males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987773
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field trapping of diamondback mothPlutella xylostella using an improved four-component sex attractant blend (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Diamondback moth ; Plutella xylostella ; Crymodes devastator ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; Noctuidae ; sex attractant ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In addition to three known sex lure components [(Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol], (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate was field-proven as a trace coattractant for malePlutella xylostella, with an optimal content below 0.01% in blends. This potent four-component lure for diamondback males also attractedCrymodes devastator males, and in this respect is not different in its attractancy from virgin diamondback females. Replacement of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate in the four component lure with (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, at the level of 10% of the total lure mixture, did not alter its attractancy for diamondback males, but it did inhibit attraction ofCrymodes devastator. The status of biologically active components as possible sex pheromones or para-pheromones is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987775
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