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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 35 (1987), S. 467-471 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 37 (1989), S. 1118-1124 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 36 (1988), S. 1048-1054 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Teleogryllus commodus ; Arachidonic acid ; Prostaglandins ; PGE2 ; PGF2α ; PGA2 ; Fatty acid elongation and desaturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des têtes de femelles vierges du grillon, Teleogryllus commodus, ont donné 76 ng/tête de PGE2, tandis que les têtes de femelles fécondées en contenaient approximativement le double. Des quantités plus faibles mais décelables de PGE2 ont été obtenues de la chaîne nerveuse abdominale de femelles vierges. Les ovaires de vierges contenaient 26 ng/organe de PGE2, 30 ng/organe de PGF2α et 42 ng/organe de PGA2. Cependant, les spermathèques de femelles vierges contenaient environ 3,5 fois plus de PGF2α que celles des femelles fécondées. L'étude parallèle des teneurs en acides gras montre que l'acide arachidonique est présent dans tous les tissus où l'on a trouvé des prostaglandines. Il faut souligner que le taux d'acide arachidonique croît dans ces tissus après l'accouplement. Ces données conduisent à l'hypothèse que les polyunsaturates parentaux peuvent être allongés et désaturés chez les insectes de la façon qui a été décrite chez les mammmifères.
    Notes: Summary Heads from virgin ♀ crickets. Teleogryllus commodus, yielded 76 ng/head of PGE2, whereas those from mated ♀ ♀ contained approximately double the amount. Smaller but detectable quantities of PGE2 were present in abdominal nerve cords of virgin females. Ovaries from virgins contained 26 ng/organ PGE2, 30 ng/organ PGF2α, and 42 ng/organ PGA2. Moreover, spermathecae from virgin ♀ ♀ showed about 3.5 times more PGF2α than was found in similar extracts from mated females. Parallel studies of the fatty acid complements of matching tissues indicate that arachidonic acid is present in all tissues where prostaglandins are found. Importantly, arachidonic acid is shown to increase in these tissues following mating. These data lead to the hypothesis that parental polyunsaturates may be elongated and desaturated in insects by way of pathways that have been described in mammals.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: feeding deterrents ; Schizaphis graminum ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Myzus persicae ; Homoptera ; Aphididae ; ellagitannins ; phenolics ; gallic acid derivatives ; structure-activity relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'examen a porté sur l'action répulsive, lors de l'alimentation de trois espèces de pucerons, de l'acide ellgique, de deux ellagitanins, de l'acide gallique, du pyrogallol et de plusieurs dérivés de l'acide gallique. Schizaphis graminum Rondani a été l'espèce la plus sensible, tandis que Acyrthosiphon pisum. Harris a été la moins sensible; la sensibilité de Myzus persicae Sulzer était intermédiaire. L'acide ellagic (ED50=15 ppm) et le n-décyl gallate (ED50=16 ppm) ont été particulièrement actifs contre S. graminum, tandis que le n-octyl gallate a été le produit le plus actif contre A. pisum (ED50=182 ppm) et M. persicae (ED50=56 ppm). Les ellagitanins, géraniine et pédunculagine ont été actifs contre S. graminum et M. persicae, mais pas contre A. pisum. La méthylation des groupes hydroxyl libres de l'acide gallique a réduit fortement l'activité, tandis qu l'estérification de son groupe carboxyl avec des chaînes alkyl de longuers croissantes a augmenté l'activité contre S. graminum. Les acides ellagique, gallique et 3,4,5-triméthoxybenzoïque ont été inactifs contre A. pisum et M. persicae, tandis que le pyrogallol et les esters de gallate on été pour le moins des répulsifs modérément actifs au cours de l'alimentation.
    Notes: Abstract Feeding deterrent activities of ellagic acid, two ellagitannins, gallic acid, pyrogallol, and several gallic acid derivatives towards three species of aphids were determined. The most sensitive species tested was Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), the least sensitive was Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was of intermediate sensitivity. Ellagic acid (ED50=15 ppm) and n-decyl gallate (ED50=16 ppm) were particularly potent against S. graminum, while n-octyl gallate was the most active compound tested against A. pisum (ED50=182 ppm) and M. persicae (ED50=56 ppm). The ellagitannins, geraniin and pedunculagin, were active against S. graminum and M. persicae, but not against A. pisum. Methylation of the free hydroxyl groups of gallic acid resulted in a large decrease in activity, while esterification of its carboxyl group with alkyl chains of increasing length resulted in increasing activity against S. graminum. Against A. pisum and M. persicae, ellagic acid, gallic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid were inactive, whereas pyrogallol and the gallate esters were at least moderately active as feeding deterrents.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Heliothis virescens ; azadirachtin ; 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin ; uptake ; metabolism ; excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a été réalisée avec de la 22,23-dihydroazadirachtine tritiée injectée soit oralement, soit directement dans l'hémocoele des chenilles de H. virescens Fabr. du dernier stade. La dose orale minimale de 1,0 μg, nécessaire pour perturber la nymphose, a été rapidement absorbée à travers l'intestin moyen, d'une façon telle que plus de 50% de la radioactivité a été retrouvée dans le corps une heure après l'injection. L'excrétion de la radioactivité à la suite d'une injection orale a été lente; 24 à 72 heures se sont écoulées avant que 50% de la radioactivité ait été décelée dans les excréments. A l'opposé, l'excrétion de la radio-activité à la suite d'une injection hémocoelique de 0,3 μg, — dose hémocoelique minimale pour perturber la nymphose-, a été rapide; presque 50% de la radioactivité a été décelée dans les excréments au bout d'une heure seulement après l'injection. La chromatographie en couche mince a montré que la 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin a été métabolisée en substance(s) plus polaire(s) par les chenilles de H. virencens. La métabolisation en forme(s) plus polaire(s) se produit vraisemblablement après l'absorption à travers l'intestin moyen, puisque les chenilles injectées directement dans l'hémocoele ont présenté un taux de conversion plus rapide que les chenilles injectées oralement. Bien que la métabolisation sous une (des) forme(s) plus polaire(s) ait augmenté l'excrétion, approximativement 25% de la radioactivité subsistait dans le corps 72 heures après une injection orale ou hémocoelique, ce qui est suffisant pour perturber la nymphose.
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate its uptake, metabolism, and excretion, we studied the fate of tritiated 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin, when injected either orally or directly into the hemocoel of last instar larvae of Heliothis virescens (Fabr.). An oral injection of 1.0 μg of tritiated 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin, the minimum oral dose necessary to disrupt pupation, was rapidly absorbed through the midgut such that 〉50% of the radioactivity was detected in the body 1 h post injection. Excretion of radioactivity following an oral injection was slow; 24 to 72 h elapsed before approximately 50% of the radioactivity was detected in the feces. In contrast, excretion of radioactivity following a hemocoel injection of 0.3 μg of tritiated 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin, the minimum hemocoel dose necessary to disrupt pupation, was rapid; almost 50% of the radioactivity was detected in the feces only 1 h post injection. Tritiated 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin was metabolized to a more polar compound(s) by H. virescens larvae, as indicated by thin layer chromatography. Metabolism to a more polar form(s) occurred probably following absorption through the midgut, since hemocoel-injected larvae exhibited a more rapid rate of conversion than oral-injected larvae. Even though metabolism to a more polar form(s) should enhance its excretion, approximately 25% of the radioactivity remained in the body 72 h following either oral or hemocoel injection, and this was sufficient to disrupt pupation.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Growth-inhibitory agents ; insecticides ; pink bollworm ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; Gelechiidae ; Lepidoptera ; diterpene esters ; croton oil ; Croton tiglium ; Euphorbiaceae ; 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ; 12-O-(2-methyl)butyrylphorbol-13-decanoate ; daphnetoxin ; ingenol esters ; ingol esters ; mortality ; house mosquito ; Culex pipiens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty esters, representing the biogenetically related tigliane, daphnane, ingenane, and lathyrane series of diterpenes, were screened for growth-inhibitory and insecticidal effects on newly hatched larvae of the North American cotton pest,Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm). Among the tigliane derivatives tested, only 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and 12-O-(2-methyl)butyrylphorbol-13-decanoate, of seven phorbol diesters isolated from croton oil by a new procedure involving droplet countercurrent chromatography, were active againstP.gossypiella as both growth inhibitors and insecticides. The effects of the former compound were not significantly diminished by acetylation of its C-20 primary hydroxy group. Three other croton oil phorbol diester constituents, as well as daphnetoxin and daphnetoxin-5,20-diacetate, exhibited activity as growth inhibitors, but not as insecticidal agents, at the doses used. None of the ingenane or lathyrane derivatives investigated was active in either respect. 12-0-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate was found to cause 100% mortality on second-stadium larvae ofCulex pipiens at 0.6 ppm, but exhibited less significant effects onOncopeltus fasciatus (second-stadium nymphs) andTribolium confusion (adults) when applied at higher doses.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hemizonia fitchii ; Asteraceae ; Compositae ; 1,8-cineole ; eucalyptol ; mosquito repellent ; Aedes aegypti ; Diptera ; Culicidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The mosquito feeding and ovipositional repellency of the major monoterpenoid present in the volatile oil ofHemizonia fitchii (Asteraceae), i.e., 1,8-cineole, was investigated. Although 1,8-cineole did not exhibit any significant mosquito larvicidal activity, it was moderately effective as a feeding repellent and highly effective as an ovipositional repellent against adultAedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito). The ovipositional repellency of 1,8-cineole, coupled with the presence of severalHemizonia chromenes previously shown to possess mosquito larvicidal activity, may therefore account in large part for the observed suppression of local mosquito populations which was associated withH. fitchii plants in northern California.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 701-712 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hemizonia fitchii ; insecticidal volatile oil ; chromenes ; 1,8-cineole ; Culex pipiens ; Oncopeltus fasciatus ; mosquito ; milkweed bug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Based on field observations of the effects of the resinous tarweedHemizonia fitchii A. Gray (Asteraceae) on mosquito populations in California, the volatile oil of this plant was investigated for insecticidal activity. Analysis of thé oil by TLC and capillary GC-MS showed the presence of five major constituentś which were identified as the monoterpenoid 1,8-cineole, and the chromenes encecalin, eupatoriochromene (desmethylencecalin), 6-vinyl-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene, and desmethoxyencecalin. Trace amounts of several volatile fatty acids, alkanes,p-coumarate derivatives, additional chromene derivatives, and numerous mono- and sesquiterpenoids were also detected and identified by GC-MS. Fractionation of the oil by preparative TLC and column chromatography afforded the major chromenes, the identities of which were confirmed by NMR and IR spectral data. The chromenes exhibited weak to moderate toxicity againstCulex pipiens (house mosquito) larvae andOncopeltus fasciatus (large milkweed bug) nymphs. However, no antijuvenile hormone activity was observed for any of the compounds tested against these insect species.
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