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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,365)
  • General Chemistry  (3,321)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Elasticity
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • 2010-2014  (22)
  • 2000-2004  (455)
  • 1935-1939  (6,898)
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  • 1
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    Uplift and seismicity driven by groundwater depletion in central California (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-16
    Description: Groundwater use in California's San Joaquin Valley exceeds replenishment of the aquifer, leading to substantial diminution of this resource and rapid subsidence of the valley floor. The volume of groundwater lost over the past century and a half also represents a substantial reduction in mass and a large-scale unburdening of the lithosphere, with significant but unexplored potential impacts on crustal deformation and seismicity. Here we use vertical global positioning system measurements to show that a broad zone of rock uplift of up to 1-3 mm per year surrounds the southern San Joaquin Valley. The observed uplift matches well with predicted flexure from a simple elastic model of current rates of water-storage loss, most of which is caused by groundwater depletion. The height of the adjacent central Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada is strongly seasonal and peaks during the dry late summer and autumn, out of phase with uplift of the valley floor during wetter months. Our results suggest that long-term and late-summer flexural uplift of the Coast Ranges reduce the effective normal stress resolved on the San Andreas Fault. This process brings the fault closer to failure, thereby providing a viable mechanism for observed seasonality in microseismicity at Parkfield and potentially affecting long-term seismicity rates for fault systems adjacent to the valley. We also infer that the observed contemporary uplift of the southern Sierra Nevada previously attributed to tectonic or mantle-derived forces is partly a consequence of human-caused groundwater depletion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amos, Colin B -- Audet, Pascal -- Hammond, William C -- Burgmann, Roland -- Johanson, Ingrid A -- Blewitt, Geoffrey -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 22;509(7501):483-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13275. Epub 2014 May 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225-9080, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. ; Nevada Geodetic Laboratory, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology and Nevada Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA. ; 1] Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-4760, USA [2] Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 97720-4767, USA. ; Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-4760, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24828048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; California ; Earthquakes/*statistics & numerical data ; Elasticity ; Environmental Monitoring ; Geographic Information Systems ; Groundwater/*analysis ; *Models, Theoretical ; Seasons ; Water Supply/analysis/*statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Soft microfluidic assemblies of sensors, circuits, and radios for the skin (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: When mounted on the skin, modern sensors, circuits, radios, and power supply systems have the potential to provide clinical-quality health monitoring capabilities for continuous use, beyond the confines of traditional hospital or laboratory facilities. The most well-developed component technologies are, however, broadly available only in hard, planar formats. As a result, existing options in system design are unable to effectively accommodate integration with the soft, textured, curvilinear, and time-dynamic surfaces of the skin. Here, we describe experimental and theoretical approaches for using ideas in soft microfluidics, structured adhesive surfaces, and controlled mechanical buckling to achieve ultralow modulus, highly stretchable systems that incorporate assemblies of high-modulus, rigid, state-of-the-art functional elements. The outcome is a thin, conformable device technology that can softly laminate onto the surface of the skin to enable advanced, multifunctional operation for physiological monitoring in a wireless mode.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Sheng -- Zhang, Yihui -- Jia, Lin -- Mathewson, Kyle E -- Jang, Kyung-In -- Kim, Jeonghyun -- Fu, Haoran -- Huang, Xian -- Chava, Pranav -- Wang, Renhan -- Bhole, Sanat -- Wang, Lizhe -- Na, Yoon Joo -- Guan, Yue -- Flavin, Matthew -- Han, Zheshen -- Huang, Yonggang -- Rogers, John A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):70-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250169.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Elasticity ; Electrocardiography/instrumentation/methods ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/instrumentation/methods ; Electroencephalography/instrumentation/methods ; Electromyography/instrumentation/methods ; Electrooculography ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Male ; Microfluidics/*instrumentation ; Monitoring, Ambulatory/*instrumentation/methods ; Monitoring, Physiologic/*instrumentation/methods ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Silicone Elastomers ; *Skin ; Wireless Technology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Mechanics: The forces of cancer (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonietz, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 22;491(7425):S56-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23320288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biophysics/methods ; Cell Communication ; *Cell Physiological Processes ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Elasticity ; Hardness ; Humans ; Medical Oncology ; *Models, Biological ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics/*pathology ; Rheology ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Viscosity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Modelación de las propiedades mecánicas de películas de quitosana (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se elaboraron películas a partir de disoluciones a 3 % (m/v) de quitosana en ácido láctico a 1% (v/v), empleando glicerina, sorbitol o polietilenglicol como plastificante en concentraciones de 0,25 a 0,50 mL/g de quitosana. Se midieron el esfuerzo tensil, elongación, fuerza de ruptura, deformación y el espesor de las películas, con el objetivo de evaluar la influencia de la masa molar y concentración de plastificante sobre sus propiedades mecánicas. Se obtuvieron los modelos matemáticos que relacionan estos factores. Las películas con polietilenglicol, presentaron mayor esfuerzo tensil y fuerza de ruptura normalizada que las plastificadas con glicerina o sorbitol, pero resultaron menos elásticas y deformables, además, mientras mayor fue la concentración de plastificante, más elásticas resultaron las películas y menor fue el esfuerzo necesario para su rup- tura.
    Description: Films were obtained preparing 3% (w/v) chitosan solutions in 1% (v/v) lactic acid using glycerol, sorbitol or polyethylene glycol at 0.25 to 0.50 mL/g of polymer as plasticizers. Film thickness, tensile strength, force at break, deformation and elongation were measured in order to evaluate the effect of molar mass and plasticizers concentration on mechanical properties values. Mathematical models with these factors were proposed. Films with polyethylene glycol had higher tensile strength and normalized force at break than those which glycerol or sorbitol, but less elongation or normalized deformation. In addition, the films were more elastic and with lesser force at break with the increase of plasticizer concentration.
    Description: Published
    Description: plasticizer
    Description: edible film
    Keywords: Chitosan ; Biopolymers ; Elasticity ; Mechanical properties
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 5
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    Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-08
    Description: Hydrogels are used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, vehicles for drug delivery, actuators for optics and fluidics, and model extracellular matrices for biological studies. The scope of hydrogel applications, however, is often severely limited by their mechanical behaviour. Most hydrogels do not exhibit high stretchability; for example, an alginate hydrogel ruptures when stretched to about 1.2 times its original length. Some synthetic elastic hydrogels have achieved stretches in the range 10-20, but these values are markedly reduced in samples containing notches. Most hydrogels are brittle, with fracture energies of about 10 J m(-2) (ref. 8), as compared with approximately 1,000 J m(-2) for cartilage and approximately 10,000 J m(-2) for natural rubbers. Intense efforts are devoted to synthesizing hydrogels with improved mechanical properties; certain synthetic gels have reached fracture energies of 100-1,000 J m(-2) (refs 11, 14, 17). Here we report the synthesis of hydrogels from polymers forming ionically and covalently crosslinked networks. Although such gels contain approximately 90% water, they can be stretched beyond 20 times their initial length, and have fracture energies of approximately 9,000 J m(-2). Even for samples containing notches, a stretch of 17 is demonstrated. We attribute the gels' toughness to the synergy of two mechanisms: crack bridging by the network of covalent crosslinks, and hysteresis by unzipping the network of ionic crosslinks. Furthermore, the network of covalent crosslinks preserves the memory of the initial state, so that much of the large deformation is removed on unloading. The unzipped ionic crosslinks cause internal damage, which heals by re-zipping. These gels may serve as model systems to explore mechanisms of deformation and energy dissipation, and expand the scope of hydrogel applications.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642868/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642868/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Jeong-Yun -- Zhao, Xuanhe -- Illeperuma, Widusha R K -- Chaudhuri, Ovijit -- Oh, Kyu Hwan -- Mooney, David J -- Vlassak, Joost J -- Suo, Zhigang -- R01 DE013033/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R37 DE013033/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 6;489(7414):133-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11409.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrylic Resins/chemistry ; Alginates/chemistry ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Elasticity ; Glucuronic Acid/chemistry ; Hexuronic Acids/chemistry ; Hydrogels/chemical synthesis/*chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymers/chemical synthesis/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Nonlinear material behaviour of spider silk yields robust webs (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: Natural materials are renowned for exquisite designs that optimize function, as illustrated by the elasticity of blood vessels, the toughness of bone and the protection offered by nacre. Particularly intriguing are spider silks, with studies having explored properties ranging from their protein sequence to the geometry of a web. This material system, highly adapted to meet a spider's many needs, has superior mechanical properties. In spite of much research into the molecular design underpinning the outstanding performance of silk fibres, and into the mechanical characteristics of web-like structures, it remains unknown how the mechanical characteristics of spider silk contribute to the integrity and performance of a spider web. Here we report web deformation experiments and simulations that identify the nonlinear response of silk threads to stress--involving softening at a yield point and substantial stiffening at large strain until failure--as being crucial to localize load-induced deformation and resulting in mechanically robust spider webs. Control simulations confirmed that a nonlinear stress response results in superior resistance to structural defects in the web compared to linear elastic or elastic-plastic (softening) material behaviour. We also show that under distributed loads, such as those exerted by wind, the stiff behaviour of silk under small deformation, before the yield point, is essential in maintaining the web's structural integrity. The superior performance of silk in webs is therefore not due merely to its exceptional ultimate strength and strain, but arises from the nonlinear response of silk threads to strain and their geometrical arrangement in a web.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cranford, Steven W -- Tarakanova, Anna -- Pugno, Nicola M -- Buehler, Markus J -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 1;482(7383):72-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10739.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22297972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Elasticity ; Hardness ; Models, Biological ; Silk/*chemistry ; *Spiders/physiology ; *Tensile Strength ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The fern sporangium: a unique catapult (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-17
    Description: Various plants and fungi have evolved ingenious devices to disperse their spores. One such mechanism is the cavitation-triggered catapult of fern sporangia. The spherical sporangia enclosing the spores are equipped with a row of 12 to 13 specialized cells, the annulus. When dehydrating, these cells induce a dramatic change of curvature in the sporangium, which is released abruptly after the cavitation of the annulus cells. The entire ejection process is reminiscent of human-made catapults with one notable exception: The sporangia lack the crossbar that arrests the catapult arm in its returning motion. We show that much of the sophistication and efficiency of the ejection mechanism lies in the two very different time scales associated with the annulus closure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noblin, X -- Rojas, N O -- Westbrook, J -- Llorens, C -- Argentina, M -- Dumais, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1322. doi: 10.1126/science.1215985.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Laboratoire de Physique de la Matiere Condensee, CNRS UMR 7336, Nice, France. xavier.noblin@unice.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Shape ; Elasticity ; Polypodium/cytology/*physiology ; Sporangia/cytology/*physiology ; Spores/*physiology ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Elastic domains regulate growth and organogenesis in the plant shoot apical meristem (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: Although genetic control of morphogenesis is well established, elaboration of complex shapes requires changes in the mechanical properties of cells. In plants, the first visible sign of leaf formation is a bulge on the flank of the shoot apical meristem. Bulging results from local relaxation of cell walls, which causes them to yield to internal hydrostatic pressure. By manipulation of tissue tension in combination with quantitative live imaging and finite-element modeling, we found that the slow-growing area at the shoot tip is substantially strain-stiffened compared with surrounding fast-growing tissue. We propose that strain stiffening limits growth, restricts organ bulging, and contributes to the meristem's functional zonation. Thus, mechanical signals are not just passive readouts of gene action but feed back on morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kierzkowski, Daniel -- Nakayama, Naomi -- Routier-Kierzkowska, Anne-Lise -- Weber, Alain -- Bayer, Emmanuelle -- Schorderet, Martine -- Reinhardt, Didier -- Kuhlemeier, Cris -- Smith, Richard S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1096-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1213100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Wall/physiology/ultrastructure ; Elasticity ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Lycopersicon esculentum/cytology/*growth & development ; Meristem/cytology/*growth & development ; Models, Biological ; *Morphogenesis ; Osmolar Concentration ; Osmotic Pressure ; Plant Shoots/cytology/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Geometry and mechanics in the opening of chiral seed pods (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: We studied the mechanical process of seed pods opening in Bauhinia variegate and found a chirality-creating mechanism, which turns an initially flat pod valve into a helix. We studied con fi gurations of strips cut from pod valve tissue and from composite elastic materials that mimic its structure. The experiments reveal various helical con fi gurations with sharp morphological transitions between them. Using the mathematical framework of "incompatible elasticity," we modeled the pod as a thin strip with a flat intrinsic metric and a saddle-like intrinsic curvature. Our theoretical analysis quantitatively predicts all observed con fi gurations, thus linking the pod's microscopic structure and macroscopic conformation. We suggest that this type of incompatible strip is likely to play a role in the self-assembly of chiral macromolecules and could be used for the engineering of synthetic self-shaping devices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armon, Shahaf -- Efrati, Efi -- Kupferman, Raz -- Sharon, Eran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1726-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1203874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bauhinia/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Biomimetic Materials ; Elasticity ; *Latex ; Mathematical Concepts ; Models, Biological ; Physical Phenomena ; Seeds/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Controlling inelastic light scattering quantum pathways in graphene (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-18
    Description: Inelastic light scattering spectroscopy has, since its first discovery, been an indispensable tool in physical science for probing elementary excitations, such as phonons, magnons and plasmons in both bulk and nanoscale materials. In the quantum mechanical picture of inelastic light scattering, incident photons first excite a set of intermediate electronic states, which then generate crystal elementary excitations and radiate energy-shifted photons. The intermediate electronic excitations therefore have a crucial role as quantum pathways in inelastic light scattering, and this is exemplified by resonant Raman scattering and Raman interference. The ability to control these excitation pathways can open up new opportunities to probe, manipulate and utilize inelastic light scattering. Here we achieve excitation pathway control in graphene with electrostatic doping. Our study reveals quantum interference between different Raman pathways in graphene: when some of the pathways are blocked, the one-phonon Raman intensity does not diminish, as commonly expected, but increases dramatically. This discovery sheds new light on the understanding of resonance Raman scattering in graphene. In addition, we demonstrate hot-electron luminescence in graphene as the Fermi energy approaches half the laser excitation energy. This hot luminescence, which is another form of inelastic light scattering, results from excited-state relaxation channels that become available only in heavily doped graphene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Chi-Fan -- Park, Cheol-Hwan -- Boudouris, Bryan W -- Horng, Jason -- Geng, Baisong -- Girit, Caglar -- Zettl, Alex -- Crommie, Michael F -- Segalman, Rachel A -- Louie, Steven G -- Wang, Feng -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 31;471(7340):617-20. doi: 10.1038/nature09866. Epub 2011 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Electrons ; Graphite/*chemistry ; *Light ; Luminescence ; Photons ; *Quantum Theory ; *Scattering, Radiation ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Static Electricity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Materials chemistry: Polymer networks take a bow (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huck, Wilhelm T S -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):425-6. doi: 10.1038/472425a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biosensing Techniques ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Elasticity ; Elastomers/chemistry ; Molecular Conformation/radiation effects ; Pliability ; Polymers/*chemistry/*radiation effects ; Tissue Engineering
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    On the growth and form of the gut (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-05
    Description: The developing vertebrate gut tube forms a reproducible looped pattern as it grows into the body cavity. Here we use developmental experiments to eliminate alternative models and show that gut looping morphogenesis is driven by the homogeneous and isotropic forces that arise from the relative growth between the gut tube and the anchoring dorsal mesenteric sheet, tissues that grow at different rates. A simple physical mimic, using a differentially strained composite of a pliable rubber tube and a soft latex sheet is consistent with this mechanism and produces similar patterns. We devise a mathematical theory and a computational model for the number, size and shape of intestinal loops based solely on the measurable geometry, elasticity and relative growth of the tissues. The predictions of our theory are quantitatively consistent with observations of intestinal loops at different stages of development in the chick embryo. Our model also accounts for the qualitative and quantitative variation in the distinct gut looping patterns seen in a variety of species including quail, finch and mouse, illuminating how the simple macroscopic mechanics of differential growth drives the morphology of the developing gut.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335276/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335276/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savin, Thierry -- Kurpios, Natasza A -- Shyer, Amy E -- Florescu, Patricia -- Liang, Haiyi -- Mahadevan, L -- Tabin, Clifford J -- R01 HD047360/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047360-07/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7358):57-62. doi: 10.1038/nature10277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21814276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Chick Embryo ; Computer Simulation ; Elasticity ; Female ; Finches/embryology ; Intestines/*anatomy & histology/*embryology ; Mesentery/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Mice ; *Models, Anatomic ; *Models, Biological ; Quail/embryology ; Rotation ; Rubber
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  • 13
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    Biophysics: Push it, pull it (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hersen, Pascal -- Ladoux, Benoit -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):340-1. doi: 10.1038/470340a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion/physiology ; Cell Movement/*physiology ; Dictyostelium/*cytology ; Elasticity ; Single-Cell Analysis/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Materials science. Generating helices in nature (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forterre, Yoel -- Dumais, Jacques -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1715-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1210734.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IUSTI, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Universite, 13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France. yoel.forterre@polytech.univ-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bauhinia/*anatomy & histology ; Biomimetic Materials ; Elasticity ; Seeds/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Stochastic flood and precipitation regimes and the population dynamics of a threatened floodplain plant (2011)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 15 (2005): 1036–1052, doi:10.1890/04-0434.
    Description: Boltonia decurrens is an endangered plant restricted to the Illinois River Valley. Its complex life cycle has evolved in response to the dynamics of the historic flood regime, which has changed dramatically in the last century due to the construction of navigation dams and agricultural levees. To explore the effects of these changes, we developed deterministic and stochastic matrix population models of the demography of Boltonia. We used periodic matrix models to incorporate intra-annual seasonal variation. We estimated parameters as a function of the timing of spring flood recession (early or late) and of growing season precipitation (high or low). Late floods and/or low precipitation reduce population growth (λ). Early floods and high precipitation lead to explosive population growth. Elasticity analysis shows that changes in floods and precipitation alter the life history pathways responsible for population growth, from annual to biennial and eventually clonal pathways. We constructed and analyzed a stochastic model in which flood timing and precipitation vary independently, and we computed the stochastic growth rate (log λs) and the variance growth rate (σ2) as functions of the frequency of late floods and low precipitation. Using historical data on floods and rainfall over the last 100 years, we found that log λs has declined as a result of hydrological changes accompanying the regulation of the river. Stochastic elasticity analysis showed that over that time the contribution of annual life history pathways to log λs has declined as the contributions of biennial and clonal pathways have increased. Over the same time period, σ2 has increased, in agreement with observations of large fluctuations in local B. decurrens populations. Undoubtedly, many plant and animal species evolved in concert with dynamic habitats and are now threatened by anthropogenic changes in those dynamics. The data and analyses used in this study can be applied to management and development strategies to preserve other dynamic systems.
    Description: This work was supported by grants to M. Smith from NSF (DEB 9509763, DED 9321517), USACE, Illinois Groundwater Consortium and USFWS, and an EPA STAR grant (U- 91578101-2) to P. Mettler. H. Caswell also received support from NSF grant OCE-9983976 and EPA grant R-82908901, and a Maclaurin Fellowship from the New Zealand Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.
    Keywords: Boltonia decurrens ; Conservation ; Elasticity ; Floodplain ; Flood regime ; LTRE ; Matrix population model ; Periodic matrix model ; Stochastic elasticity ; Stochastic environment ; Stochastic matrix model ; Threatened species
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  • 16
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    Fire increases invasive spread of Molinia caerulea mainly through changes in demographic parameters (2011)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 15 (2005): 2097–2108, doi:10.1890/04-1762.
    Description: We investigated the effects of fire on population growth rate and invasive spread of the perennial tussock grass Molinia caerulea. During the last decades, this species has invaded heathland communities in Western Europe, replacing typical heathland species such as Calluna vulgaris and Erica tetralix. M. caerulea is considered a major threat to heathland conservation. In 1996, a large and unintended fire destroyed almost one-third of the Kalmthoutse Heide, a large heathland area in northern Belgium. To study the impact of this fire on the population dynamics and invasive spread of M. caerulea, permanent monitoring plots were established both in burned and unburned heathland. The fate of each M. caerulea individual in these plots was monitored over four years (1997–2000). Patterns of seed dispersal were inferred from a seed germination experiment using soil cores sampled one month after seed rain at different distances from seed-producing plants. Based on these measures, we calculated projected rates of spread for M. caerulea in burned and unburned heathland. Elasticity and sensitivity analyses were used to determine vital rates that contributed most to population growth rate, and invasion speed. Invasion speed was, on average, three times larger in burned compared to unburned plots. Dispersal distances on the other hand, were not significantly different between burned and unburned plots indicating that differences in invasive spread were mainly due to differences in demography. Elasticities for fecundity and growth of seedlings and juveniles were higher for burned than for unburned plots, whereas elasticities for survival were higher in unburned plots. Finally, a life table response experiment (LTRE) analysis revealed that the effect of fire was mainly contributed by increases in sexual reproduction (seed production and germination) and growth of seedlings and juveniles. Our results clearly showed increased invasive spread of M. caerulea after fire, and call for active management guidelines to prevent further encroachment of the species and to reduce the probability of large, accidental fires in the future. Mowing of resprouted plants before flowering is the obvious management tactic to halt massive invasive spread of the species after fire.
    Description: This work was supported by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) to HJ, the U.S. National Science foundation (DEB-0235692, OCE-0083976), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R-8290891) to MGN.
    Keywords: Disturbance ; Elasticity ; Fire ; Integrodifference equations ; Invasive spread ; LTRE ; Matrix population model ; Molinia caerulea ; Sensitivity
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  • 17
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    Designed biomaterials to mimic the mechanical properties of muscles (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-07
    Description: The passive elasticity of muscle is largely governed by the I-band part of the giant muscle protein titin, a complex molecular spring composed of a series of individually folded immunoglobulin-like domains as well as largely unstructured unique sequences. These mechanical elements have distinct mechanical properties, and when combined, they provide the desired passive elastic properties of muscle, which are a unique combination of strength, extensibility and resilience. Single-molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies demonstrated that the macroscopic behaviour of titin in intact myofibrils can be reconstituted by combining the mechanical properties of these mechanical elements measured at the single-molecule level. Here we report artificial elastomeric proteins that mimic the molecular architecture of titin through the combination of well-characterized protein domains GB1 and resilin. We show that these artificial elastomeric proteins can be photochemically crosslinked and cast into solid biomaterials. These biomaterials behave as rubber-like materials showing high resilience at low strain and as shock-absorber-like materials at high strain by effectively dissipating energy. These properties are comparable to the passive elastic properties of muscles within the physiological range of sarcomere length and so these materials represent a new muscle-mimetic biomaterial. The mechanical properties of these biomaterials can be fine-tuned by adjusting the composition of the elastomeric proteins, providing the opportunity to develop biomaterials that are mimetic of different types of muscles. We anticipate that these biomaterials will find applications in tissue engineering as scaffold and matrix for artificial muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lv, Shanshan -- Dudek, Daniel M -- Cao, Yi -- Balamurali, M M -- Gosline, John -- Li, Hongbin -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):69-73. doi: 10.1038/nature09024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis/*chemistry ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biomimetics/methods ; Biopolymers/*chemistry ; Connectin ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Elasticity ; Muscle Proteins/*chemistry ; Polyproteins/chemistry ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Materials science: Muscle mimic (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chaikof, Elliot L -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):44-5. doi: 10.1038/465044a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomimetic Materials/*chemistry ; Connectin ; Elasticity ; Muscle Proteins/chemistry ; Polymers/*chemistry ; Protein Kinases/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Developmental biology. Microenvironment mimicry (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhatia, Mickie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1024-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194919.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. mbhatia@mcmaster.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Mice ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*cytology/physiology ; Myoblasts, Skeletal/cytology/physiology ; Regeneration ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Nonlinear elasticity and an 8-nm working stroke of single myosin molecules in myofilaments (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-07
    Description: Using optical trapping and fluorescence imaging techniques, we measured the step size and stiffness of single skeletal myosins interacting with actin filaments and arranged on myosin-rod cofilaments that approximate myosin mechanics during muscle contraction. Stiffness is dramatically lower for negatively compared to positively strained myosins, consistent with buckling of myosin's subfragment 2 rod domain. Low stiffness minimizes drag of negatively strained myosins during contraction at loaded conditions. Myosin's elastic portion is stretched during active force generation, reducing apparent step size with increasing load, even though the working stroke is approximately constant at about 8 nanometers. Taking account of the nonlinear nature of myosin elasticity is essential to relate myosin's internal structural changes to physiological force generation and filament sliding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaya, Motoshi -- Higuchi, Hideo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 6;329(5992):686-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1191484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20689017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Actomyosin/chemistry/physiology ; Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Compliance ; Elasticity ; Models, Biological ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/chemistry/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myosin Subfragments/physiology ; Myosins/chemistry/*physiology ; Quantum Dots ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: Recent advances in mechanics and materials provide routes to integrated circuits that can offer the electrical properties of conventional, rigid wafer-based technologies but with the ability to be stretched, compressed, twisted, bent, and deformed into arbitrary shapes. Inorganic and organic electronic materials in microstructured and nanostructured forms, intimately integrated with elastomeric substrates, offer particularly attractive characteristics, with realistic pathways to sophisticated embodiments. Here, we review these strategies and describe applications of them in systems ranging from electronic eyeball cameras to deformable light-emitting displays. We conclude with some perspectives on routes to commercialization, new device opportunities, and remaining challenges for research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, John A -- Someya, Takao -- Huang, Yonggang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1603-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1182383.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. jrogers@illinois.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biocompatible Materials ; Diagnostic Equipment ; Elasticity ; Elastomers ; *Electrical Equipment and Supplies ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Nanostructures ; *Semiconductors ; Therapeutics/instrumentation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    Mechanical properties of sand, silt, and clay containing tetrahydrofuran hydrate (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007): B04106, doi:10.1029/2006JB004484.
    Description: The mechanical behavior of hydrate-bearing sediments subjected to large strains has relevance for the stability of the seafloor and submarine slopes, drilling and coring operations, and the analysis of certain small-strain properties of these sediments (for example, seismic velocities). This study reports on the results of comprehensive axial compression triaxial tests conducted at up to 1 MPa confining pressure on sand, crushed silt, precipitated silt, and clay specimens with closely controlled concentrations of synthetic hydrate. The results show that the stress-strain behavior of hydrate-bearing sediments is a complex function of particle size, confining pressure, and hydrate concentration. The mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments at low hydrate concentration (probably 〈 40% of pore space) appear to be determined by stress-dependent soil stiffness and strength. At high hydrate concentrations (〉50% of pore space), the behavior becomes more independent of stress because the hydrates control both stiffness and strength and possibly the dilative tendency of sediments by effectively increasing interparticle coordination, cementing particles together, and filling the pore space. The cementation contribution to the shear strength of hydrate-bearing sediments decreases with increasing specific surface of soil minerals. The lower the effective confining stress, the greater the impact of hydrate formation on normalized strength.
    Description: This research was sponsored by a contract to C.R. and J.C.S. from the Joint Industry Project for Methane Hydrate, administered by ChevronTexaco with funding from award DE-FC26- 01NT41330 from DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory. The Goizueta Foundation at Georgia Tech also provided support for this work. The research was completed while C.R. was on assignment at and wholly supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
    Keywords: Gas hydrate ; Sediment strength ; Elasticity ; Mechanical behavior ; Stiffness
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  • 23
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    Huygens' Principle: The capture of seismic energy by a soft soil layer (2004)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Kunming, China, 4, vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 65 & 70, pp. L13613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Elasticity ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; GRL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    Love's problem (2004)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 156, no. 2, pp. 171-178, pp. 1892
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Elasticity ; GJI ; crustal ; deformation, ; flexure ; of ; the ; lithosphere ; lithospheric ; deformation, ; numerical ; techniques
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  • 25
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    Decomposition of the elastic tensor and geophysical applications (2004)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 159, no. 2, pp. 667-678, pp. L15313, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Anisotropy ; Physical properties of rocks ; Lame ; elastic ; tensor, ; seismic ; anisotropy, ; symmetry ; class ; upper ; mantle ; GJI
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  • 26
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    Stress changes modelled for the sequence of strong earthquakes in the South Iceland seismic zone since 1706 (2004)
    In:  Pageoph, Kobe, Dec. 6-11, 1993, The Local Organizing Committee for the CRCM '93, vol. 161, no. 7, pp. 1305-1327, pp. 1008, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; earthquake ; series, ; rifting, ; shear ; Stress ; Elasticity ; Fernandez ; PAG
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  • 27
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    Positive feedback of interacting ductile faults from coupling of equation of state, rheology and thermal-mechanics (2004)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Tübingen, Europ. Ass. Exploration Geophys., vol. 142, no. 1-2, pp. 113-135, pp. TC4007, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Rheology ; Fault zone ; Geothermics ; Elasticity ; PEPI
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  • 28
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    Fundamentals of Seismic Wave Propagation (2004)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 264 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN 052)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Wave propagation ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Acoustics ; Elasticity ; Layers ; Cagniard ; Inversion ; WKBJ ; Maslov ; Born ; Kirchhoff ; Migration of earthquakes ; Inhomogeneity ; more ; advanced ; than ; Aki ; and ; Richards ; MATLAB
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  • 29
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    Elastic behavior of cross-linked and bundled actin networks (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: Networks of cross-linked and bundled actin filaments are ubiquitous in the cellular cytoskeleton, but their elasticity remains poorly understood. We show that these networks exhibit exceptional elastic behavior that reflects the mechanical properties of individual filaments. There are two distinct regimes of elasticity, one reflecting bending of single filaments and a second reflecting stretching of entropic fluctuations of filament length. The mechanical stiffness can vary by several decades with small changes in cross-link concentration, and can increase markedly upon application of external stress. We parameterize the full range of behavior in a state diagram and elucidate its origin with a robust model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gardel, M L -- Shin, J H -- MacKintosh, F C -- Mahadevan, L -- Matsudaira, P -- Weitz, D A -- GM52703/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1301-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*chemistry/metabolism ; Actins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Elasticity ; Entropy ; Mathematics ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
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    Reciprocity in Elastodynamics (2003)
    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York, Cambridge U. Press, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Dynamic ; Waves ; Wave propagation
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  • 31
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    Mechanics of Fluid Saturated Rocks (2003)
    Academic Press, 416 pp.
    In:  Princeton, Academic Press, 416 pp., vol. 15, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 0-12-305355-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; poro-elasticity ; Physical properties of rocks ; Gueguen ; Bouteca
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  • 32
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    Seismic Waves and Rays in Elastic Wave Media (2003)
    Elsevier, 424 pp.
    In:  Chemnitz, Elsevier, 424 pp., vol. 50, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-043930-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Hamilton ; Lagrange ; Christoffel ; Euler ; Inhomogeneity ; Anisotropy ; Legendre ; Transformations
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  • 33
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    Slip partitioning by elastoplastic propagation of oblique slip at depth (2003)
    In:  Science, Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 300, no. 5622, pp. 1121-1123, pp. L19606, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: Oblique motion along tectonic boundaries is commonly partitioned into slip on faults with different senses of motion. The origin of slip partitioning is important to structural geology, tectonophysics, and earthquake mechanics. Partitioning can be explained by the upward elastoplastic propagation of oblique slip from a fault or shear zone at depth. The strain field ahead of the propagating fault separates into zones of predominantly normal, reverse, and strike-slip faulting. The model successfully predicts the distribution of fault types along parts of the San Andreas and Haiyuan faults.
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Fault zone ; Structural geology ; FROTH
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  • 34
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    Evidence of thermally induced borehole elongation: a case study at Soultz, France (2003)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 40, no. 7-8, pp. 1121-1140, pp. 1246
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Stress measurements ; Stress ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Borehole geophys. ; IJRM ; Geothermics ; Elasticity
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  • 35
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    Accurate numerical methods for solving the elastic equation of motion for arbitrary source locations (2003)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 154, no. 3, pp. 852-866, pp. 8011, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Synthetic seismograms ; waveform ; Inversion ; Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Source ; GJI
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    Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling in Fractured Rock (2003)
    Birkhäuser
    In:  Boston, 360 pp., Birkhäuser, vol. 1, no. XVI:, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 3-7643-0253-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Fluids ; poro ; Elasticity ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Physical properties of rocks ; Rock mechanics ; PAG
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    Computation of deformation induced by earthquakes in a multi-layered elastic crust - FORTRAN programs EDGRN / EDCMP (2003)
    In:  Computers and Geosciences, Taipei, AGU, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 195-207, pp. B06410, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Hankel ; Transformations ; Thomson-Haskell ; propagator ; algorithm ; Thomson-Haskell method ; Green ; numerical ; instability ; software ; Martin ; FROTH ; RWANG ; FLORENZO ; SPAROLAI
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  • 38
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    Fields, Flows and Waves: An Introduction to Continuum Models (2003)
    Springer-Verlag
    In:  New York, Springer-Verlag, vol. 15, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 585, (ISBN 1-85233-708-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of mathematics ; Geothermics ; heat ; flow ; elasticity ; electrostatics ; hydrodynamics ; electromagnetism ; chemical ; diffusion ; biological ; modeling ; Waves ; Laplace ; Poisson ; Love ; Reflectivity ; FRefraction seismics
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  • 39
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    Elastic Wave Propagation and Generation in Seismology (2003)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 444 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN: 0 521 52046 0 (pb); ISBN: 0 521 81730 7 (hb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: ... Pujol's book differs from the others in its purely theoretical approach to the generation and propagation of seismic waves. The author aims to fill a gap between the advanced books and the introductory ones, providing a complete derivation of the mathematical developments. ... One does not have to look for proofs elsewhere.
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Source ; Wave propagation ; theory
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  • 40
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    Poroelasticity: Efficient modelling of strongly coupled, slow deformation processes in a multilayered half-space (2003)
    In:  Geophysics, Taipei, AGU, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 705-717, pp. B06410, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Inhomogeneity ; Kuempel ; Kumpel
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  • 41
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    Solution of the Rayleigh eigenproblem in viscoelastic media (2002)
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 2297-2309, pp. 2519, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Inelastic ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Rayleigh waves ; Surface waves ; BSSA
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  • 42
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    Pore pressure and poroelasticity effects in Coulomb stress analysis of earthquake interactions (2002)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Heidelberg, 3-4, vol. 107, no. B2, pp. ESE 2-1 to ESE 2-17, pp. 2074, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Fluids ; Stress ; Physical properties of rocks ; Rock mechanics ; Elasticity ; triggering ; Seismicity ; Friction ; one-dimensional ; flow ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 7260 ; Theory ; and ; modeling ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; parameter ; JGR
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  • 43
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    On strike-slip faulting in layered media (2002)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 149, no. 3, pp. 698-723, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Modelling ; Dislocation ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Strike-slip ; Two-dimensional ; crack ; interface ; interaction ; Elasticity ; GJI
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  • 44
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    A closed-form elastic solution for stresses and displacements around tunnels (2002)
    In:  International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Luxembourg, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 905-916, pp. B04203, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; plane ; Strain ; Stress ; Mining geophysics ; Borehole breakouts
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  • 45
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    A linear analytical boundary element method (Boundary Element Method) for 2D homogeneous potential problems (2002)
    In:  Computers and Geosciences, Klagenfurt, Nuclear Technology Publ., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 679-692, pp. L14312, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Modelling ; Two-dimensional ; Elasticity ; C&G
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  • 46
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    Plasticity and Geomechanics (2002)
    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Cambridge, 287 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN 3-0521-81830-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Textbook of geophysics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Rheology ; Inelastic
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  • 47
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    State of stress within the Earth (2002)
    Elsevier / Academic Press
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology - Part A, Amsterdam, Elsevier / Academic Press, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 539-557, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Stress ; Review article
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  • 48
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    Quantitative Seismology (2002)
    University Science Books
    In:  Sausalito, XVIII+700 pp., University Science Books, vol. 1, pp. 559-932, (ISBN 0-935702-96-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: SRICHWALSKI ; Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Source ; SModelling ; Spectrum ; Instruments ; Inversion ; Waves ; Surface waves ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Reflection seismics ; Inhomogeneity ; Detectors ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Dynamic ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fracture ; Seismometer ; AnisotropyS ; Dispersion ; CMT ; Moment tensor ; FractureT ; self-similarity ; tunneling ; whispering ; galleries ; normal ; Stress ; changes ; during ; rupture
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  • 49
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    Experimental study of the process zone, nucleation zone and plastic area of earthquakes by the shadow optical method of caustics (2002)
    In:  Pure and Applied Geophysics, Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment, University of Iceland, vol. 159, no. 9, pp. 1951-1966, pp. B05316, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Fracture ; Source ; Rheology ; Seismology ; Elasticity ; Waves ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Modelling ; PAG
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  • 50
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    State of stress in the Earth's lithosphere (2002)
    Elsevier / Academic Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology - Part A, Amsterdam, Elsevier / Academic Press, vol. 81A, no. 1, pp. 559-568, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Stress ; Lithosphere ; Review article
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    Biodegradable, elastic shape-memory polymers for potential biomedical applications (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: The introduction of biodegradable implant materials as well as minimally invasive surgical procedures in medicine has substantially improved health care within the past few decades. This report describes a group of degradable thermoplastic polymers that are able to change their shape after an increase in temperature. Their shape-memory capability enables bulky implants to be placed in the body through small incisions or to perform complex mechanical deformations automatically. A smart degradable suture was created to illustrate the potential of these shape-memory thermoplastics in biomedical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lendlein, Andreas -- Langer, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1673-6. Epub 2002 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉mnemoScience GmbH, Pauwelsstrabetae 19, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. a.lendlein@mnemoscience.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Dioxanes/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Elastomers ; Isocyanates/chemistry ; Mechanics ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polyesters/chemistry ; *Polymers/chemical synthesis/chemistry ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Rats ; Stress, Mechanical ; *Sutures ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Spider silk fibers spun from soluble recombinant silk produced in mammalian cells (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Spider silks are protein-based "biopolymer" filaments or threads secreted by specialized epithelial cells as concentrated soluble precursors of highly repetitive primary sequences. Spider dragline silk is a flexible, lightweight fiber of extraordinary strength and toughness comparable to that of synthetic high-performance fibers. We sought to "biomimic" the process of spider silk production by expressing in mammalian cells the dragline silk genes (ADF-3/MaSpII and MaSpI) of two spider species. We produced soluble recombinant (rc)-dragline silk proteins with molecular masses of 60 to 140 kilodaltons. We demonstrated the wet spinning of silk monofilaments spun from a concentrated aqueous solution of soluble rc-spider silk protein (ADF-3; 60 kilodaltons) under modest shear and coagulation conditions. The spun fibers were water insoluble with a fine diameter (10 to 40 micrometers) and exhibited toughness and modulus values comparable to those of native dragline silks but with lower tenacity. Dope solutions with rc-silk protein concentrations 〉20% and postspinning draw were necessary to achieve improved mechanical properties of the spun fibers. Fiber properties correlated with finer fiber diameter and increased birefringence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazaris, Anthoula -- Arcidiacono, Steven -- Huang, Yue -- Zhou, Jiang-Feng -- Duguay, Francois -- Chretien, Nathalie -- Welsh, Elizabeth A -- Soares, Jason W -- Karatzas, Costas N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):472-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nexia Biotechnologies, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec J7V 8P5, Canada. alazaris@nexiabiotech.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Birefringence ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; DNA, Complementary ; Elasticity ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; *Fibroins ; Materials Testing ; Mechanics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/isolation & purification ; Solubility ; Spiders/*genetics/metabolism ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tensile Strength ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Colloidosomes: selectively permeable capsules composed of colloidal particles (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: We present an approach to fabricate solid capsules with precise control of size, permeability, mechanical strength, and compatibility. The capsules are fabricated by the self-assembly of colloidal particles onto the interface of emulsion droplets. After the particles are locked together to form elastic shells, the emulsion droplets are transferred to a fresh continuous-phase fluid that is the same as that inside the droplets. The resultant structures, which we call "colloidosomes," are hollow, elastic shells whose permeability and elasticity can be precisely controlled. The generality and robustness of these structures and their potential for cellular immunoisolation are demonstrated by the use of a variety of solvents, particles, and contents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dinsmore, A D -- Hsu, Ming F -- Nikolaides, M G -- Marquez, Manuel -- Bausch, A R -- Weitz, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1006-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and DEAS, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dinsmore@physics.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; *Capsules ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemistry, Physical ; *Colloids ; Diffusion ; Elasticity ; Emulsions ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Permeability ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polylysine ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Surface Properties ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Protein structure. Stretching the limits (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alper, Joe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chemistry, Physical ; Collagen/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Elastin/chemistry ; *Fibroins ; Insect Proteins/chemistry ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polymers/*chemistry ; *Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Nonlinear network dynamics on earthquake fault systems (2001)
    In:  Phys. Rev. Lett., Basel, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 87, no. 14, pp. 109-125, pp. 1019, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Fault zone ; interaction ; neural ; network ; Elasticity ; dissipation ; Modelling ; Seismicity ; Martins
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  • 56
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    Influence of elastic constants on the horizontal in situ stress (2001)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Luxembourg, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1211-1216, pp. B06303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Stress ; Physical properties of rocks ; Elasticity ; IJRM
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    An analytical solution for transient flow of Bingham viscoplastic materials in rock fractures (2001)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 285-296, pp. 2214
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Rheology ; Inelastic ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Creep observations and analysis
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  • 58
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    Liquefaction and dynamic poroelasticity in soft sediments (2001)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 106, no. B7, pp. 13,515-13,526, pp. L08305
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Non-linear effects ; Elasticity ; permeability ; viscosity ; Stress ; Fluids ; pressure ; JGR
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  • 59
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    Tsunami excitation by submarine slides in shallow-water approximation (2001)
    In:  Pageoph, Warszawa, AGU, vol. 158, no. 4, pp. 759-797, pp. L02611, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; hydrodynamics
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    Bayesian estimation of rock mass boundary conditions with applications to the AECL underground research laboratory (2001)
    In:  International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Warszawa, EGS, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 995-1027, pp. B05S16, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Laboratory measurements ; Statistical investigations ; Elasticity ; IJRM
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    Elastic dislocations in layered media (2001)
    Sett. di Geofisica, Dip. di Fisica, Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Univ. degli Studi di Bologna
    In:  Ph. Thesis, 176 pp., Bologna, Sett. di Geofisica, Dip. di Fisica, Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Univ. degli Studi di Bologna, vol. 1034, no. 45, pp. 54-58, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Dip-slip ; Inhomogeneity ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Strike-slip ; Two-dimensional ; crack ; interface ; interaction ; Elasticity ; Layers ; rifting ; Stress ; Volcanology ; GJI136,341-56(1999) ; GJI138,410-34(1999) ; GJI149(2)508-523(2002) ; GJI149(3)698-723(2002)
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    Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Third Edition (2001)
    Elsevier Science
    In:  München, Elsevier Science, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 65-66, (ISBN: 3-528-02574-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics ; Handbook of engineering ; Handbook of informatics ; Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; comets ; Chaotic behaviour ; Source ; Plate tectonics ; Elasticity ; compilers ; earth Core ; earth mantle ; Acoustics ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; history ; Rock mechanics ; Artificial intelligence (AI) ; mathematics ; Geochemistry ; Fracture ; fatigue ; FractureT ; Geodesy ; Geomagnetics ; Statistical investigations ; Geothermics ; Global Positioning System ; Green's function ; Fluids ; ConvolutionE ; plumes ; Mineralogy ; Modelling ; Tectonics ; SOC ; percolation ; Oceanography ; Planetology ; MOON ; SAR ; InSAR ; Stress ; Tsunami(s) ; Volcanology ; Whitman ; Rikitake ; Stein ; Oreskes ; Loper ; Jeanloz ; Lee ; Mandelbrot ; Vanicek ; Bock ; Olson ; Campbell ; Madariaga ; Staufer ; Dickinson ; van ; Zyl ; Zoback ; Turcotte ; Ward ; Sigurdsson
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    The Seismic Wavefield. Vol. 1: Introduction and Theoretical Development (2001)
    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York (370 pp.), Cambridge U. Press, vol. 13, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 0-521-80945-2, ISBN 0-521-00663-5 paper)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Waves ; Wave propagation ; Textbook of geophysics ; observations ; (part ; 1), ; theory ; (part ; 2) ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Attenuation ; Elasticity
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    Handbook of Elastic Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases, 4 vols, Vol. 2: Elastic Properties of Solids: Theory, Elements and Compounds, Novel Materials, Technological Materials, Alloys, and Building Materials (2001)
    Academic Press
    In:  San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, vol. 81A and 81B, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 0-87590-422-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Handbook of physics ; Handbook of mineralogy ; Handbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Handbook of chemistry ; Handbook of engineering
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    Porendruckinduzierte Neigungssignale in geringen Tiefen und ihre Modellierung im homogenen Halbraum (2001)
    Geol. Inst., Univ. Bonn; Shaker Verlag
    In:  Ph.D. Thesis, 192 pp., Bonn, Geol. Inst., Univ. Bonn; Shaker Verlag, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 33, pp. 1-28, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Elasticity ; TILT ; porosity ; Modelling ; Dissertation ; Geowissenschaft ; Geophysik ; Hydrogeologie ; Neigungsmessungen ; Pumptests ; Poroelastizitaet ; hydraulische ; Diffusivitaet ; Kuempel ; WANGRJ
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    Effects of volcano loading on dike propagation in an elastic half-space (2001)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dr. W. Junk, vol. 106, no. B6, pp. 11101-11114, pp. L08304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Description: We use laboratory experiments and numerical models to examine the effects of volcano loading on the propagation of buoyant dikes in a two-dimensional elastic half-space. In laboratory experiments we simulate the propagation of buoyant dikes in an isotropic regional stress field by injecting air into tanks of solidified gelatin. A weight resting on the surface of the gelatin represents a volcanic load. A numerical model is used to simulate these experiments. Both experiments and numerical simulations show that as a dike ascends, it begins to curve toward the load in response to the local stress field imposed by the load. The lateral distance over which dikes curve to the load increases with the ratio of average pressure at the base of the load to the dike driving pressure. For realistic volcano and dike dimensions this pressure ratio is going to be large, suggesting that dikes can converge to a volcano over lateral distances several times the load width. Numerical calculations involving an anisotropic regional stress field, however, predict that the lateral extent of dike attraction shrinks as the regional horizontal compressive stress decreases relative to the vertical compressive stress. Dike focusing will be substantial if the regional differential stresses are less than the average pressure at the base of the load. If this is the case, then our models predict a positive feedback between the size of volcanoes and the area of dike attraction. This feedback may promote the development of large discrete volcanoes and also predicts a positive correlation between the spacing and sizes of adjacent volcanoes. To test this prediction, we examine nearest-neighbor pairs of the 21 largest volcanoes in the Cascade Range. The 14 pairs examined show a large range in volcano spacing (6 - 115 km) and a statistically significant correlation between spacing and average volcano height. This result is consistent with our model results and suggests that the local compressive stress induced by these volcanoes may be an important factor in controlling magma transport in the lithosphere.
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Modelling ; magma ; ascent ; JGR ; 1829 ; Hydrology: ; Groundwater ; hydrology ; 8414 ; Volcanology: ; Eruption ; mechanisms ; 8429 ; Lava ; rheology ; and ; morphology ; 8499 ; General ; or ; miscellaneous
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    Monolithic microfabricated valves and pumps by multilayer soft lithography (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Soft lithography is an alternative to silicon-based micromachining that uses replica molding of nontraditional elastomeric materials to fabricate stamps and microfluidic channels. We describe here an extension to the soft lithography paradigm, multilayer soft lithography, with which devices consisting of multiple layers may be fabricated from soft materials. We used this technique to build active microfluidic systems containing on-off valves, switching valves, and pumps entirely out of elastomer. The softness of these materials allows the device areas to be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude compared with silicon-based devices. The other advantages of soft lithography, such as rapid prototyping, ease of fabrication, and biocompatibility, are retained.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Unger, M A -- Chou, H P -- Thorsen, T -- Scherer, A -- Quake, S R -- DA-9121/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS-11756/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesiveness ; *Biocompatible Materials ; Elasticity ; Materials Testing ; Pressure ; *Prostheses and Implants ; *Silicone Elastomers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    RNA structure. Pulling on hair(pins) (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez, J M -- Chu, S -- Oberhauser, A F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):653-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical ; Elasticity ; Ion Channels/chemistry ; Kinetics ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; RNA/*chemistry ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 69
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    Nucleotide-dependent single- to double-headed binding of kinesin (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: The motility of kinesin motors is explained by a "hand-over-hand" model in which two heads of kinesin alternately repeat single-headed and double-headed binding with a microtubule. To investigate the binding mode of kinesin at the key nucleotide states during adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis, we measured the mechanical properties of a single kinesin-microtubule complex by applying an external load with optical tweezers. Both the unbinding force and the elastic modulus in solutions containing AMP-PNP (an ATP analog) were twice the value of those in nucleotide-free solution or in the presence of both AMP-PNP and adenosine 5'-diphosphate. Thus, kinesin binds through two heads in the former and one head in the latter two states, which supports a major prediction of the hand-over-hand model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawaguchi, K -- Ishiwata, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):667-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11158681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Elasticity ; Kinesin/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Food science. Why is a soggy potato chip unappetizing? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1753-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cooking ; Elasticity ; Fats/metabolism ; *Food ; Food Analysis ; *Food Preferences/physiology/psychology ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Perception ; *Research ; *Sensation ; Smell ; Taste ; Viscosity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 71
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    The Grüneisen ratio for the last 30 years (2000)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 143, no. 2, pp. 279-294, pp. L23608
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Seismology ; Elasticity ; Geothermics ; thermodynamics ; compression ; earth Core ; GJI
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  • 72
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    The post-Triassic evolution of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone - results from thermo-mechanical modelling (2000)
    In:  Tectonophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 328, no. 3-4, pp. 245-267, pp. B05S07, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Trans-European suture zone (Tornquist-Teisseyre zone/line) ; Geol. aspects ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Modelling ; Elasticity ; Geothermics ; Structural geology
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  • 73
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    Green's function based stress diffusion solutions in the porous elastic half space for time varying finite reservoir loads (2000)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Helsinki, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment University of Iceland, vol. 120, no. 1-2, pp. 93-101, pp. B05S14, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Stress ; Diffusion ; porosity ; Elasticity ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain)
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  • 74
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    Global postseismic deformation: Deep earthquakes (2000)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Leipzig, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 105, no. B1, pp. 631-652, pp. 2458, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Dislocation ; sphere ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; Subduction zone ; 3210 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; (new ; field) ; Modeling ; 7209 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 8162 ; Tectonophysics ; Rheology--mantle ; JGR
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  • 75
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    Ring laser detection of rotations from teleseismic waves (2000)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Naples, AGU, vol. 27, no. 21, pp. 3553-3556, pp. 1273, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Waves ; Teleseismic events ; physics ; 0935 ; 7200 ; 7212 ; 7294 ; GRL
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  • 76
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    Existence of continuum complexity in the elastodynamics of repeated fault ruptures (2000)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Deutsche Geophys. Gesellschaft, vol. 105, no. B10, pp. 23,791-23,810, pp. B08302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Dynamic ; Modelling ; Stress ; Inhomogeneity ; SOC ; Earthquake asperities ; Earthquake barriers ; weakening ; nucleation ; Source ; JGR ; Non-linear effects ; 3220 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; Nonlinear ; dynamics ; 7209 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; parameters ; Seismology ; 7260 ; Theory ; and ; modeling
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    The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology: Vol. 3. Applications of Continuum Mechanics in structural geology (2000)
    Academic Press
    In:  New York, Academic Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 3-540-44363-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Structural geology ; Textbook of geology ; Elasticity ; Stress ; Modelling ; software
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  • 78
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    On the shape and velocity of fluid-filled fractures in the Earth (2000)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Warszawa, Pergamon, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 181-192, pp. L19306, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fluids ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Modelling ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; Volcanology ; dykes ; Two-dimensional ; Elasticity ; Boundary Element Method ; GJI
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  • 79
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    Acoustic wave propagation in saturated porous media: Reformulation of the Biot/Squirt flow theory (2000)
    In:  Journal of Applied Geophysics, London, Geological Society, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 313-325, pp. L11303, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Waves ; Wave propagation ; Elasticity ; Fluids ; Acoustics ; porosity ; Applied geophysics
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  • 80
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    Constitutive equations and reciprocity (2000)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Warszawa, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 143, no. 2, pp. 311-318, pp. 1496, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Green's function ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; GJI
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  • 81
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    Influence of fracture geometry on shear behavior (2000)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Regensburg, Inst. Electrical & Electronics Engineers, vol. 37, no. 1-2, pp. 161-174, pp. TC5001, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Strike-slip ; Elasticity
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  • 82
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    Wave Motion (2000)
    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  New York, 475 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, vol. 17, pp. 225, (ISBN 1-4020-1408-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Waves ; Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Non-linear effects ; Fluids ; Elasticity ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; hydro-dynamics
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  • 83
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    Statistical analysis of dislocation dynamics during viscoplastic deformation from acoustic emission (2000)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 105, no. B1, pp. 433-442, pp. L09303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Inelastic ; Acoustic emission ; SOC ; Elasticity ; Laboratory measurements ; ice ; Fracture ; Physical properties of rocks ; Non-linear effects ; JGR ; 3220 ; Mathematical ; geophysics ; (new ; field) ; Nonlinear ; dynamics ; 3902 ; Mineral ; physics ; Creep ; and ; deformation ; 5102 ; Physical ; properties ; of ; rocks ; Acoustic ; properties ; 5120 ; Plasticity, ; diffusion, ; and ; creep
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  • 84
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    Coupling in poroelasticity and thermoelasticity (2000)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Kunming, China, 3-4, vol. 37, no. 1-2, pp. 79-87, pp. 2180, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Geothermics ; porosity ; temperature ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks
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  • 85
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    Theory of Linear Poroelasticity with Applications to Geomechanics and Hydrogeology (2000)
    Princeton Univ. Press
    In:  Princeton, N.J., 276 pp., Princeton Univ. Press, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 3-7643-6675-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Elasticity ; porosity ; Biot ; Fluids
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  • 86
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    Coseismic piezoelectric effects due to a dislocation 1. A analytic far and early-time field solution in a homogeneous whole space (2000)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Charleston, South Carolina, California Division of Mines San Francisco, vol. 121, no. 3-4, pp. 273-288, pp. B08305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Modelling ; Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Geoelectrics ; Stress ; PEPI
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  • 87
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    Poroelastic model to relate seismic wave attenuation and dispersion to permeability anisotropy (2000)
    In:  Geophysics, Philadelphia, 4, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 202-210, pp. B05S10, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Modelling ; Attenuation ; Dispersion ; Elasticity ; Synthetic seismograms ; Fluids ; porosity
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  • 88
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    Mathematical elasticity (2000)
    Amsterdam ; New York : North-Holland
    Details
    Keywords: DDC 531/.381 ; LC QA931 ; Elasticity
    Pages: Online-Ressource (3 v)
    ISBN: 9780444828910
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/publication?issn=01682024&volume=29
    Language: English
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elasticity of the pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12)-majorite (MgSiO3) garnets solid solution (2000)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Keywords Garnets ; Polycrystals ; Hot-pressing ; Elasticity ; Interferometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dense isotropic polycrystalline specimens of majorite-rich garnets (Py100, Py62Mj38, Py50Mj50, Py21Mj79 and Mj100) along the pyrope (Mg3Al2Si3O12 = Py100)-majorite (MgSiO3 = Mj100) join were fabricated in a 2000-ton uniaxial split-sphere anvil apparatus (USSA-2000) at pressures from 10 to 18.5 GPa and temperatures from 1200 to 1850 °C, within their stability fields in runs of 2–4-h duration, using hot-pressing techniques developed by Gwanmesia et al. (1993). These specimens are single-phased, fine-grained (≤5 mm), free of microcracks, and have bulk densities greater than 99% of the corresponding single-crystal X-ray density. Elastic compressional (P) and shear (S) wave velocities were determined at room pressure and temperature for these polycrystalline garnet specimens by phase comparison ultrasonic interferometry. For Mj100, the P and S wave velocities are within 1% of the Hashin-Shtrikman averages calculated from the single crystal elastic moduli measured by Brillouin spectroscopy. Both the elastic bulk modulus (K) and the shear modulus (G) decrease continuously with increasing majorite content from pyrope garnet (Py100) to pure majorite garnet (Mj100). The compositional dependence of K and G are given by K = 172.3 (40) − 0.085X, and G = 91.6 (10) − 0.038X, where X = mol% majorite), respectively, indicating that substitution of Si for Mg and Al decreases both K and G by about 5% along the solid solution series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002699900054
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the elasticity of the actin tail of Listeria monocytogenes (2000)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 29 (2000), S. 134-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key wordsListeria monocytogenes ; Cell motility ; Actin gel ; Elasticity ; Optical tweezers ; Cell mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report biophysical experiments performed on the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, a model system to study actin-based motility. Using optical tweezers and electrophoresis experiments, we find that the bacterium is firmly attached to its tail, and we demonstrate that the tail responds as an elastic gel when deformed. We have measured its elastic modulus at a value of 103–104 Pa, which is 10 times higher than the rigidity of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. These results demonstrate that the bacterium and its tail form a very robust system, consistent with the steadyness of the motion observed in vivo. We propose an elastic model for the propulsion mechanism which takes into account the connection and thus the interaction between the actin filaments. It provides a generic description of the various aspects of actin-tail based movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002490050258
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear circular dislocation loops investigated with elasticity theory and atomistic simulations (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of computer-aided materials design 7 (2000), S. 25-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4900
    Keywords: Copper ; Dislocation ; Elasticity ; Molecular dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The elastic fields of displacements, strains, and stresses for a shear circular loop are obtained with the Burgers formula. In addition, interactions between two shear circular loops are obtained based on elasticity theory. A series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a shear circular partial dislocation loop in copper have been performed to examine the elastic solutions. It is found that the results of the MD simulations are in good agreement with those of elasticity theory for a loop with radius ∼7.5 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008766500345
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex hypersingular integral equation for the piece-wise homogeneous half-plane with cracks (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 102 (2000), S. 177-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; half-plane ; boundary integral equations ; hypersingular.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract New complex hypersingular integral equation (CHSIE) is derived for the half-plane containing the inclusions (which can have the different elastic properties), holes, notches and cracks of the arbitrary shape. This equation is obtained by superposition of the equations for each homogeneous region in a half-plane. The last equations follow from the use of complex analogs of Somigliana's displacement and stress identities (SDI and SSI) and Melan's fundamental solution (FS) written in a complex form. The universal numerical algorithm suggested before for the analogous problem for a piece-wise homogeneous plane is extended on case of a half plane. The unknown functions are approximated by complex Lagrange polynomials of the arbitrary degree. The asymptotics for the displacement discontinuities (DD) at the crack tips are taken into account. Only two types of the boundary elements (straight segments and circular arcs) are used to approximate the boundaries. All the integrals involved in CHSIE are evaluated in a closed form. A wide range of elasticity problems for a half-plane with cracks, openings and inclusions are solved numerically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007633814813
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction among a row of ellipsoidal inclusions (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 102 (2000), S. 371-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; body force method ; singular integral equations ; numerical analysis ; three-dimensional analysis ; stress concentration factor ; ellipsoidal inclusion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the interaction among a row of N ellipsoidal inclusions of revolution is considered. Inclusions in a body under both (A) asymmetric uniaxial tension in the x-direction and (B) axisymmetric uniaxial tension in the z-direction are treated in terms of singular integral equations resulting from the body force method. These problems are formulated as a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy-type or logarithmic-type singularities, where unknowns are densities of body forces distributed in the r,θ,z directions. In order to satisfy the boundary conditions along the ellipsoidal boundaries, the unknown functions are approximated by a linear combination of fundamental density functions and polynomials. The present method is found to yield rapidly converging numerical results for interface stresses. When the elastic ratio E 1⇒E I/E M〉1, the primary feature of the interaction is a large compressive or tensile stress σn on the interface θ=0. When E 1⇒E I/E M〈1, a large tensile stress σθ or σt on the interface θ=1/2π is of interest. If the spacing b/d and the elastic ratio E I/E M are fixed, the interaction effects are dominant when the shape ratio a/b is large. For any fixed shape and spacing of inclusions, the maximum stress is shown to be linear with the reciprocal of the squared number of inclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007604809440
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    Electronic Resource
    A Note on Elasticity and Price Dispersions in the Music Recording Industry (2000)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 17 (2000), S. 465-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Elasticity ; music recording industry ; oligopoly ; price dispersions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The present note examines price dispersions inthe music recording industry between new release andmid-line (older) recordings. The model employs theframework developed within the industrial economicsliterature and provides empirical results suggestingthat new release prices are lower than those ofmid-level recordings. This result follows fromdiffering buyer characteristics and varying levelsof close substitutes, leading to higher demandelasticities for new release recordings. Finally,the theoretical expectations should hold in thepresence of either significant scale economies ormodest minimum efficient scales of production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007820616596
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  • 95
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    Rheological properties of fresh and cryopreserved human arteries tested in vitro (2000)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 39 (2000), S. 461-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words In vitro tests ; Elasticity ; Human artery ; Cryopreservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cryopreservation is widely used to preserve blood vessels for a while but is controversially suspected to affect the mechanical behavior of these allografts. The aim of this study was to determine whether differences in the three-dimensional mechanical behavior exist or not between fresh and cryopreserved arteries. Using a previously developed experimental system, in vitro inflation tests were performed on twenty segments of human fresh and cryopreserved arteries, in static conditions. Opening angles were also measured from images of rings in zero-stress state. The initial reference state was chosen as the unloaded state and tests were performed on specimens stretched at natural “in vivo” length. Mechanical measures calculated are “natural” (Hencky) strains (finite deformations), “true” (Cauchy) stresses in radial, circumferential, and longitudinal directions as well as strain energy per unit volume. Tangent moduli are derived from radial and circumferential stress-strain characteristics using non-linear curve fitting. Values of incremental and pressure-strain elastic parameters, wall stiffness, and compliance per unit length are also calculated. Results are presented in terms of characteristics of stresses and strains in the three directions, axial force, tangent moduli vs strains or stresses, and energy per unit volume, for both types of artery, with reference to transmural pressure. Detailed numerical results are given at mean transmural pressure or in the physiological range. Significant differences are indicated by statistic Student T-tests. Results obtained show that significant differences exist between rheological properties of fresh and cryopreserved segments of human artery. Strains, stresses, axial force, strain energy, and wall stiffness values highlight those differences whereas elastic parameters, compliance, and opening angle do not. The usefulness of some parameters to compare the mechanical behavior existing between fresh and cryopreserved arteries is therefore underlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003970000110
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  • 96
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    Application of a new separation analyzer for the characterization of dispersions stabilized with clay derivatives (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Separation analyzer ; Organoclay dispersions ; Elasticity ; Emulsion stability ; Emulsions stabilized by clay derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The performance of a newly developed separation analyzer is demonstrated by characterization of the sedimentation kinetics and the swelling behavior of organoclays in binary solvent mixtures (toluene/cyclohexane) as well as by investigation of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by clay derivatives. The automatic measuring system – LUMiFuge 114 – is based on a special centrifuge with an integrated optoelectronic sensor system which allows the measuring of spatial and temporal changes of light transmission during the rotation in a variable centrifugal field (12–1200g). By using the new device a fast and reproducible characterization of settling behavior and dispersion stability was possible. Moreover, the evaluation of the long-term stability of samples with high separation stability as well as of the heterogenity of the separation process, the sample transparency and the elasticity of the sediment as a function of alternating centrifugal force could be carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050527
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  • 97
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    Anisotropy of Young's modulus of human tibial cortical bone (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Biomechanics ; Cortical bone ; Young's modulus ; Anisotropy ; Elasticity ; Ultrasonics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The anisotropy of Young's modulus in human cortical bone was determined for all spatial directions by performing coordinate rotations of a 6 by 6 elastic stiffness matrix. The elastic stiffness coefficients were determined experimentally from ultrasonic velocity measurements on 96 samples of normal cortical bone removed from the right tibia of eight human cadavers. The following measured values were used for our analysis: c 11 =19.5 GPa, c 22 =20.1 GPa, c 33 =30.9 GPa, c 44 =5.72 GPa, c 55 =5.17 GPa, c 66 =4.05 GPa, c 23 =12.5 GPa. The remaining coefficients were determined by assuming that the specimens possessed at least an orthorhombic elastic symmetry, and further assuming that c 13 =c 23 , c 12 =c 11 –2c 66 . Our analysis revealed a substantial anisotropy in Young's modulus in the plane containing the long axis of the tibia, with maxima of 20.9 GPa parallel to the long axis, and minima of 11.8 GPa perpendicular to this axis. A less pronounced anisotropy was observed in the plane perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia. To display our results for the full three-dimensional anisotropy of cortical bone, a closed surface was used to represent Young's modulus in all spatial directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347055
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  • 98
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    Controllability and Stabilization in Elasticity, Heat Conduction and Thermoelasticity: Review of Recent Developments* (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of global optimization 17 (2000), S. 353-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Approximation ; Elasticity ; Exact and approximate controllability ; Heat equations ; Stabilization ; Thermoelasticity ; Thermoviscoelasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this paper is to review developments in exact and approximate controllability as well as stabilization of elastic, thermoelastic, and thermo-viscoelastic bodies. Heat equations are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026596405554
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  • 99
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    Generalized stress intensity factors in the interaction between two fibers in matrix (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 103 (2000), S. 19-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Elasticity ; composite material ; fracture mechanics ; fiber ; generalized stress intensity factor ; end effect ; interaction ; rectangular inclusions.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the mechanical strength of fiber reinforced composites it is necessary to consider singular stresses at the end of fibers because they cause crack initiation, propagation, and final failure. The singular stress is expressed by generalized stress intensity factors defined at the corner of fibers. As a 2D model an interaction between rectangular inclusions under longitudinal tension is treated in this paper. The body force method is used to formulate the problem as a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy-type or logarithmic-type singularities, where the unknown functions are the densities of body forces distributed in infinite plates having the same elastic constants as those of the matrix and inclusions. In order to analyze the problem accurately, the unknown functions are expressed as piecewize smooth functions using two types of fundamental densities and power series, where the fundamental densities are chosen to represent the symmetric stress singularity of 1/r 1−λ 1 and the skew-symmetric stress singularity of 1/r 1−λ 2. Then, generalized stress intensity factors at the end of inclusions are systematically calculated for various locations, spacings and elastic modulus of two rectangular inclusions in a plate subjected to longitudinal tension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007696723382
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  • 100
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    Triphenylpyrylium Tetrafluoroborate-Sensitized Photochemistry of the Terpenes Sabinene, α-Phellandrene, and α- and γ-Terpinene (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 1563-1567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Triplet recombination ; Electron transfer ; Radical ions ; Photochemistry ; Terpenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The triphenypyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPT)-sensitized reactions of several terpene donor molecules, including sabinene (1), α-phellandrene (4), α-terpinene (5) and γ-terpinene (6) give rise to significantly different products than reactions induced by other electron-transfer sensitizers, such as 1,4-dicyanobenzene (DCB). The divergent reactions require decidedly different key intermediates; the products obtained with TPT can be explained by dissociative recombination of the intermediate radical-radical cation pair in the triplet state, generating donor-derived biradicals.
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