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  • Other Sources  (1,489)
  • Springer  (840)
  • Wiley  (554)
  • Cambridge University Press  (93)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 2010-2014  (895)
  • 2005-2009  (516)
  • 1980-1984  (74)
  • 1925-1929  (4)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Physical Properties of Rocks (1982)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. V/1, subvol. a, pp. 559-932, (ISBN 0-935702-96-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Handbook of geophysics ; Laboratory measurements ; density ; porosity ; elasticity ; electrical ; magnetic ; properties ; radioactivity ; moon ; ice ; Czermak ; Huckenholz ; Rybach ; Schmid ; Schopper ; Schuch ; Stoeffler ; Wohlenberg
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Quantitative Stratigraphic Correlation (1982)
    Wiley
    In:  Chichester, Wiley, vol. 231, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN 0-470-02298-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing ; Correlation ; Seismic stratigraphy ; Seismics (controlled source seismology)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Fractal Behaviour of the Earth System (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Norwell, Springer, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN: 3-540-26532-5, XVI + 208 p. 72 illus.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: FractureT ; Seismology ; Geoelectrics ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; Geothermics ; Non-linear effects ; Dynamic ; Earth ; system ; geophysics ; Inhomogeneity ; scaling
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  • 4
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    Applied Regression Analysis (1981)
    Wiley
    In:  New York, 2nd Edition, 709 pp., Wiley, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 2-203, (ISBN: 3-7643-7143-9)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Correlation ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; fit ; Textbook of mathematics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Group III: Crystals and Solid State Physics. Vol. 5, Part a: Geophysics and Spaceresearch (1982)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. III/12, Supplement to III/4, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-87590-299-5 (soft cover))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics ; Handbook of mineralogy
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, 342 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. 13, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 3-540-43528-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Waves
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  • 7
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    An Introduction to Programming with Mathematica (2005)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 0-521-84678-1 (550 pp.))
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Description: ... Overall, An Introduction to Programming with Mathematica is a useful and readable book that could serve as the text for a generic programming class, a supporting text for a class on programming for geoscientists, or an introduction for experienced geoscience programmers looking for an easily readable summary of Mathematica's programming language. Experienced Mathematica programmers may find it useful as a refresher. The book's principal drawbacks are the high price of Mathematica for those who do not already have the software (although a modestly priced student version is available) and, for geoscientists in particular, a lack of relevant example problems
    Keywords: Handbook of mathematics ; computer ; algebra ; software
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  • 8
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    Developing Tsunami-Resilient Communities (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Amsterdam, Springer, vol. 1, pp. 225, (1-4020-3353-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Review article ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Modelling ; NATHAZ ; measurement, ; tsunami ; model, ; data ; assimilation, ; data ; inversion, ; tsunami ; warning, ; tsunameters, ; forecast, ; hazard ; mitigation
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  • 9
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    Seismic Waves and Sources (1981)
    Springer
    In:  New York, 1108 pp., Springer, vol. 96, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-471-95596-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: FROTH ; RUB ; GMG ; 3.15.80 ; Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Waves ; Wavelet processing ; SModelling ; Dislocation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Source
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  • 10
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    Introduction to Programming with Fortran - With Coverage of Fortran 90, 95, 2003, and 77 (2006)
    Springer
    In:  London, Springer, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 632 pp., (ISBN-10: 1-84628-053-2, ISBN-13:978-1-84628-053-5, eISBN 1-84628-054-0, xx + 591 pp. + CD-ROM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Textbook of informatics ; Handbook of informatics ; compiler ; computing ; FTN ; GFZ ; M ; 06.0186 ; 000444331
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  • 11
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    Geophysics of the Solid Earth, the Moon and the Planets (1984)
    Springer
    In:  Heidelberg, Springer, vol. V/2, no. Subvol. a, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-08-037951-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Waves ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Geomagnetics ; Planetology ; solar ; system ; Anderson ; Brosche ; Busse ; Dziewonski ; Groten ; von ; Herzen ; Jackson ; Janle ; Kahle ; Maelzer ; Meissner ; Mueller ; Prodehl ; Rybach ; Schneider ; Suendermann ; Waenke ; Wilhelm ; Zuern
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  • 12
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    Univariate Time Series in Geosciences - Theory and Examples (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Basel, 404 pp., Springer, vol. 10, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (3-540-23810-7, XVII + 718 p., 220 illus.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: The author introduces the statistical analysis of geophysical time series. The book includes also a chapter with an introduction to geostatistics, many examples and exercises which help the reader to work with typical problems
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Time series analysis ; Statistical investigations ; Auto-Regressive Moving Average-process ; Geostatistics, ; Modeling, ; R ; programming ; language, ; Simulation, ; Statistical ; analysis
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  • 13
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    Physical Geodesy (2005)
    Springer
    In:  New York, 390 pp., Springer, vol. 36, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 3-211-23584-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Description: Motivation, Fundamentals of potential theory The gravity field of the earth, Gravity reduction, Heights The geometry of the earth, Gravity field outside the earth, Space methods Modern views on the determination of the figure of the earth Statistical methods in physical geodesy, Least-squares collocation Computational methods, References, Subject index
    Keywords: Textbook of geodesy ; Global Positioning System ; Geoid ; Gravimetry ; Potential ; Theory ; Reference ; Systems ; collocation ; geodetic ; satellite ; techniques ; heights
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  • 14
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    Geographic Information System and Science (2005)
    Wiley
    In:  Chichester, 2nd ed., xvii + 517 pp., Wiley, vol. 5, no. 22, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-470-87000-1 (HB), ISBN 0-470-87001-X (PB))
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: GIS ; Textbook of informatics ; Textbook of geography ; geography ; management ; policy
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  • 15
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    Geo-Information for Disaster Management (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer, vol. 4, no. 85, pp. 175, (ISBN 3-540-24988-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Textbook of informatics ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Tsunami(s) ; Proceedings of a conference ; INSPIRE ; OpenGIS ; GIS ; floods ; landslides ; storms ; geography ; Delft ; GFZ ; M ; 06.0234 ; 000303921
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  • 16
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    Exploration Seismology Vol. 1, History, Theory and Data Acquisition (1982)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Boston, 227 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN 0-521-66023-8 hc (0-521-66953-7 pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology)
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  • 17
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    Iceland Geodynamics - Crustal Deformation and Divergent Plate Tectonics (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Corporate, Florida, Springer, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (3-540-24165-5, XXVI + 228 p.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: This book provides a summary of geodynamic results from Iceland that presently are found in a great number of scientific articles, but have not been collected before in a book
    Keywords: Textbook of geodesy ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Plate tectonics ; GeodesyY
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  • 18
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    MATLAB Recipes for Earth Sciences (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 3, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN: 3-540-27983-0, XII + 238 p., 77 illus., 13 in colour with CD-ROM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: Contents: Data Analysis in Earth Sciences - Introduction to MATLAB - Univariate Statistics - Bivariate Statistics - Time-Series Analysis - Signal Processing - Spatial Data including Digital Elevation Models - Image Processing including Processing and Georeferencing of Satellite Images - Multivariate Statistics; IfGW Uni Potsdam
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing ; Modelling ; software ; Textbook of geophysics ; Statistical investigations ; digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Time series analysis ; Digital elevation model ; geographic ; coordinates ; Mapping ; Toolbox
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  • 19
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    Matrizen und ihre Anwendungen, 5. überarbeitete u. erw. Aufl., Teil 1: Grundlagen (1984)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN: 0-444-51340-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Textbook of mathematics ; lineare ; Algebra ; Inversion ; Eigen-value ; MINV ; Zurmuhl
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  • 20
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    Seismic waves and free oscillations (1984)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Physical Properties of Rocks, Heidelberg, Springer, vol. V/2, no. Subvol. a, pp. 61-83, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Waves ; Muller ; Zuern ; Zurn
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  • 21
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    Fracture and flow of rocks and minerals (1982)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwiss. und Technik, L.B. V-1b, Berlin, Springer, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 141-238, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Rheology
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  • 22
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    Volcano Deformation - New Geodetic Monitoring Techniques (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Cambridge, Springer, vol. LXXVIII, no. 2, pp. 125-169, (ISBN: 3-540-42642-6, Approx. 620 p. 30 illus., Hardcover)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Volcanology ; Geodesy ; Global Positioning System ; InSAR ; Textbook of geodesy
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  • 23
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    Group III: Crystals and Solid State Physics. Vol. 5, Part b: Physical Properties of Rocks (1982)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. III/12, Supplement to III/4, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-87590-299-5 (soft cover))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics ; Handbook of mineralogy
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    Assessing and Managing Earthquake Risk - Geo-scientific and Engineering Knowledge for Earthquake Risk Mitigation: developments, tools, techniques (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Boston, 362 pp., Springer, vol. 12, 135 pp., no. 85, pp. 175, (1-4020-3524-1, XXV + 543 p., with CD-ROM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: This book points out the need of a multidisciplinary approach in the field of risk assessment and management. It provides an overview of the problems, approaches and common practices directly related to earthquake risk mitigation and, in particular, to the preparation of earthquake emergency plans
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of engineering ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Earthquake risk ; Disaster ; management, ; Earthquake ; hazard, ; Emergency ; plans, ; Risk ; assessment ; and ; mapping, ; Seismic ; zonation, ; Vulnerability ; and ; damage
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  • 25
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    The Adria Microplate: Global Positioning System Geodesy, Tectonics and Hazards (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Amsterdam, 490 pp., Springer, vol. 11, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (1-4020-4233-7 (hc), 1-4020-4234-5 (sc), X + 413 p.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: Tectonic motion of the Adria microplate exerts a first-order control on the tectonics, geology, seismology, resource distribution, and the geological hazards across a broad zone of south-central Europe and the north-central Mediterranean... This workshop brought together a distinguished international group of scientists working in the peri-Adriatic region to: (1) review research activities and results, (2) share technical expertise, and (3) provide a springboard for future collaborative research on Adria geodynamics. Areas of agreement were identified, as well as remaining areas of debate. In addition, attention focused on important scientific questions and the potential for international and interdisciplinary research in the future
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Geodesy ; Tectonics ; Earthquake hazard ; Italy ; Croatia
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  • 26
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    Tsunamis - Case Studies and Recent Developments (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Basel, Switzerland, Springer, vol. 20, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 23-40, (ISBN 1-4020-3326-5, VIII + 343 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Description: Twenty papers comprise a timely review of state-of-the-art tsunami research. Various approaches are taken to study tsunamis: field-surveys of recent tsunamis; analysis of tide-gauge records; numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation, tank experiments, and geological studies of tsunami deposits.
    Keywords: GFZ ; M ; 06.0379 ; 000304412
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  • 27
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    Exploration Seismology Vol. 2, Data-Processing and Interpretation (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Boston, 227 pp., Cambridge University Press, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN 0-521-66023-8 hc (0-521-66953-7 pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology)
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  • 28
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    A combined geophysical/engineering approach for the seismic safety of long-span bridges (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Berlin, Springer, vol. 105, 223 pp., no. 231, pp. 13-30, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Earthquake risk ; Site amplification ; Strong motions ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Synthetic seismograms ; NOISE ; Nakamura ; Modelling ; Cologne ; DFNK ; Faecke ; Facke
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  • 29
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    Geschwindigkeiten elastischer Wellen und Elastizitätskonstanten von Gesteinen und gesteinsbildenden Mineralen (1982)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Physical Properties of Rocks, Berlin, Springer, vol. V/1, no. Subvol. b, pp. 1-96, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Velocity ; Elasticity ; Physical properties of rocks ; Handbook of geophysics
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  • 30
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    Physikalische Eigenschaften des Eises (1982)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Physical Properties of Rocks, Berlin, Springer, vol. V/1, no. Subvol. b, pp. 339-346, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; glaciology ; Handbook of geophysics
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  • 31
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    Physical Properties of Rocks (1982)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. V/1, subvol. b, pp. 559-932, (ISBN 0-935702-96-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Handbook of geophysics ; Laboratory measurements ; density ; porosity ; elasticity ; electrical ; magnetic ; properties ; radioactivity ; moon ; ice ; Beblo ; Berktold ; Bleil ; Gebrande ; Grauert ; Haack ; Haak ; Kern ; Miller ; Petersen ; Pohl ; Rummel ; Schopper
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  • 32
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    Synergetics (1983)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 167, no. XVI:, pp. 385-389, (ISBN 0-12-305355-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI) ; neu ; Textbook of physics
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  • 33
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    Condensed Matter; Magnetic Properties. Magnetic and Other Properties of Oxides and Related Compounds Part b: Spinels, Fe Oxides and Fe-Me-O Compounds (1980)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. III/12, Supplement to III/4, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-87590-299-5 (soft cover))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Handbook of physics ; Handbook of mineralogy
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  • 34
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    Fundamentals of Structural Geology (2005)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN: 0521839270, 520 p.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Description: Fundamentals of Structural Geology provides a new framework for the investigation of geological structures by integrating field mapping and mechanical analysis. Assuming a basic knowledge of physical geology, introductory calculus and physics, it emphasizes the observational data, modern mapping technology, principles of continuum mechanics, and the mathematical and computational skills, necessary to quantitatively map, describe, model, and explain deformation in Earth's lithosphere. By starting from the fundamental conservation laws of mass and momentum, the constitutive laws of material behavior, and the kinematic relationships for strain and rate of deformation, the authors demonstrate the relevance of solid and fluid mechanics to structural geology. This book offers a modern quantitative approach to structural geology for advanced students and researchers in structural geology and tectonics. It is supported by a website hosting images from the book, additional colour images, student exercises and MATLAB scripts. Solutions to the exercises are available to instructors
    Keywords: Structural geology ; Textbook of geology ; MATLAB ; scripts ; Tectonics ; Lithosphere
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  • 35
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    Piezoelektrische Meßtechnik (1980)
    Springer
    In:  Dordrecht, IX+266 pp., Springer, vol. 3, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN 1-903544-06-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980
    Keywords: SEModelling ; Instruments ; Laboratory measurements
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  • 36
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    The 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami seen by satellite altimetry and Global Positioning System (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Information for Disaster Management, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer, vol. 12, pp. 323-336, (ISBN 3-540-24988-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Textbook of informatics ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Tsunami(s) ; Proceedings of a conference ; Earthquake ; Indonesia ; Geodesy
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  • 37
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    The Dead Sea fault and its effect on civilization (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Dordrecht, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 145-168, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: paleo ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; DSTF ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 38
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    Velocity field of the Aegean-Anatolian region from 3D finite element models (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, London, Springer, vol. 201, no. XVI:, pp. 169-184, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Finite Element Method ; Modelling ; Three dimensional ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 39
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    Nonlinear seismology - the seismology of the XXI century (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Dordrecht, Springer, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 47-65, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 40
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    Small-scale mantle plumes: Imaging and geodynamic aspects (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Arnsberg-Neheim, Springer, vol. 10, no. 87-17, pp. 69-94, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; hot ; spots ; GeodesyY ; Tomography ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania
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    An earthquake early warning system for the Romanian capital (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 1-12, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 42
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    An analysis of bivalve larval shell pigments using micro-Raman spectroscopy (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 45 (5). pp. 349-358.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-13
    Description: Micro-Raman spectroscopy has been used on adult bivalve shells to investigate organic and inorganic shell components but has not yet been applied to bivalve larvae. It is known that the organic matrix of larval shells contains pigments, but less is known about the presence or source of these molecules in larvae. We investigated Raman spectra of seven species of bivalve larvae to assess the types of pigments present in shells of each species and how the ratio of inorganic : organic material changes in a dorso-ventral direction. In laboratory experiments, we reared larvae of three clam species in waters containing different organic signatures to determine if larvae incorporated compounds from source waters into their shells. We found differences in spectra and pigments between most species but found less intraspecific differences. A neural network classifier for Raman spectra classified five out of seven species with greater than 85% accuracy. There were slight differences between the amount and type of pigment present along the shell, with the prodissoconch I and shell margin areas being the most variable. Raman spectra of 1-day-old larvae were found to be differentiable when larvae were reared in waters with different organic signatures. With micro-Raman spectroscopy, it may be possible to identify some unknown species in the wild and trace their natal origins, which could enhance identification accuracy of bivalve larvae and ultimately aid management and restoration efforts.
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  • 43
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    Non-synchronous deposition of North Atlantic Ash Zone II in Greenland ice cores, and North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea sediments: an example of complex glacial-stage tephra transport (2011)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 26 (7). pp. 739-745.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Description: Tephra provides regional chronostratigraphical marker horizons that can link different climate archives with highly needed accuracy and precision. The results presented in this work exemplify, however, that the intermittent storage of tephra in ice sheets and during its subsequent iceberg transport, especially during glacial stages, constitutes a potential source of serious error for the application of tephrochronology to Nordic Seas and North Atlantic sediment archives. The peak shard concentration of the rhyolitic component of the North Atlantic Ash Zone II (NAAZ-II) tephra complex, often used to correlate marine and ice core records in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3, is shown to lag the eruption event by ca. 100–400 years in some North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea cores. While still allowing for a correlation of archives on millennial timescales, this time delay in deposition is a major obstacle when addressing the lead–lag relationship on short timescales (years to centuries). A precise and accurate determination of lead–lag relationships between archives recording different parts of the climate system is crucial in order to test hypotheses about the processes leading to abrupt climate change and to evaluate results from climate models. Copyright # 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 44
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    Male reproductive maturity in the octopus, Eledone cirrhosa (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64 . pp. 573-579.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Males of Eledone cirrhosa grow to a size little over 600 g and normally have well-developed, and presumably active, reproductive organs from about 200 g upwards. Total weight of the genital bag is well correlated with total body weight (r= 0·906). Growth of the testis precedes that of the spermatophoric sac, and the size of neither of these reproductive components is predictable from body weight. The sizes of these organs and the estimated number and length of stored spermatophores are given for 100 g intervals of total body weight. No evidence was obtained for a seasonal trend in male maturity.
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  • 45
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    Deglacial and Holocene conditions in northernmost Baffin Bay: sediments, foraminifera, diatoms and stable isotopes (2008)
    Collegium Boreas | Wiley
    In:  Boreas, 37 (3). pp. 346-376.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-23
    Description: A multiproxy study of palaeoceanographic and climatic changes in northernmost Baffin Bay shows that major environmental changes have occurred since the deglaciation of the area at about 12 500 cal. yr BP. The interpretation is based on sedimentology, benthic and planktonic foraminifera and their isotopic composition, as well as diatom assemblages in the sedimentary records at two core sites, one located in the deeper central part of northernmost Baffin Bay and one in a separate trough closer to the Greenland coast. A revised chronology for the two records is established on the basis of 15 previously published AMS 14C age determinations. A basal diamicton is overlain by laminated, fossil-free sediments. Our data from the early part of the fossiliferous record (12 300–11 300 cal. yr BP), which is also initially laminated, indicate extensive seasonal sea-ice cover and brine release. There is indication of a cooling event between 11 300 and 10 900 cal. yr BP, and maximum Atlantic Water influence occurred between 10 900 and 8200 cal. yr BP (no sediment recovery between 8200 and 7300 cal. yr BP). A gradual, but fluctuating, increase in sea-ice cover is seen after 7300 cal. yr BP. Sea-ice diatoms were particularly abundant in the central part of northernmost Baffin Bay, presumably due to the inflow of Polar waters from the Arctic Ocean, and less sea ice occurred at the near-coastal site, which was under continuous influence of the West Greenland Current. Our data from the deep, central part show a fluctuating degree of upwelling after c. 7300 cal. yr BP, culminating between 4000 and 3050 cal. yr BP. There was a gradual increase in the influence of cold bottom waters from the Arctic Ocean after about 3050 cal. yr BP, when agglutinated foraminifera became abundant. A superimposed short-term change in the sea-surface proxies is correlated with the Little Ice Age cooling.
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  • 46
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    Diet composition of Emperor Penguin chicks Aptenodytes forsten‘ at two Mawson Coast colonies, Antarctica (2008)
    Wiley
    In:  Ibis, 136 (1). pp. 19-31.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-02
    Description: The diet composition of Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri chicks was examined at Auster and Taylor Glacier colonies, near Australia's Mawson station, Antarctica, between hatching in mid-winter and fledging in mid-summer by “water-offloading” adults. Chicks at both colonies were fed a similar suite of prey species. Crustaceans occurred in 82% of stomach samples at Auster and 87% of stomachs at Taylor Glacier and were heavily digested: their contribution to food mass could not be quantified. Fish, primarily bentho-pelagic species, accounted for 52% by number and 55% by mass of chick diet at Auster, and squid formed the remainder. At Taylor Glacier the corresponding values were 27% by number and 31% by mass of fish and 73% by number and 69% by mass of squid. Of the 33 species or taxa identified, the fish Trematomus eulepidotus and the squid Psychroteuthis glacialis and Allu-roteuthis antarcticus accounted for 64% and 74% of the diets by mass at Auster and Taylor Glacier, respectively. The sizes of fish varied temporally but not in a linear manner from winter to summer. Adult penguins captured fish ranging in length from 60 mm (Pfeura-gramma antarcticum) to 250 mm (T. eulepidotus) and squid (P. glacialis) from 19 to 280 mm in mantle length. The length-frequency distribution of P. glacialis showed seasonal variation, with the size of squid increasing from winter to summer. The energy density of chick diet mix increased significantly prior to “fledging”.
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  • 47
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    Über Kontinentverschiebungen (1925)
    Springer
    In:  Die Naturwissenschaften, 13 (31). pp. 670-675.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-08
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    Sponge richness along a bathymetric gradient within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa (2010)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biodiversity, 40 (3). pp. 205-217.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: A total of 96 species of sponge were recorded in a bathymetric survey conducted within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park. Non-random processes are hypothesised to account for the decline in species richness with increasing depth, and the data add support to Rapoport’s rule. Morphological and colour diversity were strongly correlated and decreased with depth. Five communities could be identified at the 30% level of similarity using cluster analysis, and these correspond to intertidal and shallow subtidal (to 10 m), deep sub-photic zone (coral reefs: 10–30 m), deep reefs (40–90 m), canyon margin (100–140 m) and canyon (140–360 m). The data add support to recently hypothesised bathymetric zones around South Africa.
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  • 49
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    Variability of the Denmark Strait Overflow during the Last Glacial Maximum (2008)
    Wiley
    In:  Boreas, 35 (1). pp. 50-60.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-07
    Description: The Denmark Strait Overflow (DSO) today compensates for the northward flowing Norwegian and Irminger branches of the North Atlantic Current that drive the Nordic heat pump. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), ice sheets constricted the Denmark Strait aperture in addition to ice eustatic/isostatic effects which reduced its depth (today ∼630 m) by ∼130 m. These factors, combined with a reduced north-south density gradient of the water-masses, are expected to have restricted or even reversed the LGM DSO intensity. To better constrain these boundary conditions, we present a first reconstruction of the glacial DSO, using four new and four published epibenthic and planktic stable-isotope records from sites to the north and south of the Denmark Strait. The spatial and temporal distribution of epibenthic δ18O and δ13C maxima reveals a north-south density gradient at intermediate water depths from σ0∼28.7 to 28.4/28.1 and suggests that dense and highly ventilated water was convected in the Nordic Seas during the LGM. However, extremely high epibenthic δ13C values on top of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge document a further convection cell of Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water to the south of Iceland, which, however, was marked by much lower density (σ0∼28.1) The north-south gradient of water density possibly implied that the glacial DSO was directed to the south like today and fed Glacial North Atlantic Deep Water that has underthrusted the Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water in the Irminger Basin.
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  • 50
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    Differential response of two Mediterranean cold-water coral species to ocean acidification (2014)
    Springer
    In:  Coral Reefs, 33 (3). pp. 675-686.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-19
    Description: Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs constitute one of the most complex deep-sea habitats harboring a vast diversity of associated species. Like other tropical or temperate framework builders, these systems are facing an uncertain future due to several threats, such as global warming and ocean acidification. In the case of Mediterranean CWC communities, the effect may be exacerbated due to the greater capacity of these waters to absorb atmospheric CO2 compared to the global ocean. Calcification in these organisms is an energy-demanding process, and it is expected that energy requirements will be greater as seawater pH and the availability of carbonate ions decrease. Therefore, studies assessing the effect of a pH decrease in skeletal growth, and metabolic balance are critical to fully understand the potential responses of these organisms under a changing scenario. In this context, the present work aims to investigate the medium- to long-term effect of a low pH scenario on calcification and the biochemical composition of two CWCs from the Mediterranean, Dendrophyllia cornigera and Desmophyllum dianthus. After 314 d of exposure to acidified conditions, a significant decrease of 70 % was observed in Desmophyllum dianthus skeletal growth rate, while Dendrophyllia cornigera showed no differences between treatments. Instead, only subtle differences between treatments were observed in the organic matter amount, lipid content, skeletal microdensity, or porosity in both species, although due to the high variability of the results, these differences were not statistically significant. Our results also confirmed a heterogeneous effect of low pH on the skeletal growth rate of the organisms depending on their initial weight, suggesting that those specimens with high calcification rates may be the most susceptible to the negative effects of acidification.
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    High thermal tolerance of two Mediterranean cold-water coral species maintained in aquaria (2013)
    Springer
    In:  Coral Reefs, 32 (3). pp. 749-754.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: In the Mediterranean deep-sea, scleractinian cold-water corals (CWC) are observed to survive at the uppermost end of their presumed thermal distribution range (4–13 °C). Here, we show that 2 common CWC species (i.e. Dendrophyllia cornigera and Desmophyllum dianthus) maintained in aquaria can indeed tolerate considerably elevated seawater temperatures (17.5 ± 0.1 °C), while growing at similar (D. dianthus) or significantly higher (D. cornigera) rates than conspecifics cultured in parallel for 87 days at ambient Mediterranean deep-sea temperature (12.5 ± 0.1 °C). Neither differences in coral appearance nor mortality were evident for both species at either temperature. D. dianthus grew significantly faster (0.23 ± 0.08 % day−1) than D. cornigera (0.05 ± 0.01 % day−1) under ambient thermal conditions. Growth of D. cornigera increased significantly (0.14 ± 0.07 % day−1) at elevated temperature, while Desmophyllum dianthus growth showed no significant difference under both conditions. These findings suggest that D. dianthus and D. cornigera may be capable of surviving in warmer environments than previously reported, and thus challenge temperature as the paramount limiting environmental factor for the occurrence of some CWC species.
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    Staining plastic sections (1983)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Microscopy, 131 (2). pp. 173-186.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-13
    Description: Many of the difficulties of staining plastic embedded tissues for light and electron microscopy derive from physical exclusion of hydrophilic staining reagents by hydrophobic embedding media. Structures which stain most intensely with hydrophilic reagents usually contain less hydrophobic plastic than do non-staining structures. Such incomplete infiltration is apparently caused by exclusion of viscous, hydrophobic monomers by physically dense and/or well hydrated tissue elements. In keeping with this, generalized staining of tissues embedded in hydrophobic media does occur when hydrophobic reagents are used. Staining of plastic-free structures with single hydrophilic reagents or with sequences of such reagents, is, however, largely rate-controlled. The surprising similarity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic plastic embedding media is discussed. Limits of this simple model are explored, with a consideration of the roles of fixative and of monomer-tissue reactions
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  • 53
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    Qualitative and Spatial Metabolite Profiling of Lichens by a LC-MS Approach Combined With Optimised Extraction (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  Phytochemical Analysis, 26 (1). pp. 23-33.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: INTRODUCTION: Lichens are self-sustaining partnerships comprising fungi as shape-forming partners for their enclosed symbiotic algae. They produce a tremendous diversity of metabolites (1050 metabolites described so far). OBJECTIVES: A comparison of metabolic profiles in nine lichen species belonging to three genera (Lichina, Collema and Roccella) by using an optimised extraction protocol, determination of the fragmentation pathway and the in situ localisation for major compounds in Roccella species. METHODS: Chemical analysis was performed using a complementary study combining a Taguchi experimental design with qualitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry techniques. RESULTS: Optimal conditions to obtain the best total extraction yield were determined as follows: mortar grinding to a fine powder, two successive extractions, solid:liquid ratio (2:60) and 700 rpm stirring. Qualitative analysis of the metabolite profiling of these nine species extracted with the optimised method was corroborated using MS and MS/MS approaches. Nine main compounds were identified: 1 β-orcinol, 2 orsellinic acid, 3 putative choline sulphate, 4 roccellic acid, 5 montagnetol, 6 lecanoric acid, 7 erythrin, 8 lepraric acid and 9 acetylportentol, and several other compounds were reported. Identification was performed using the m/z ratio, fragmentation pathway and/or after isolation by NMR analysis. The variation of the metabolite profile in differently organised parts of two Roccella species suggests a specific role of major compounds in developmental stages of this symbiotic association. CONCLUSION: Metabolic profiles represent specific chemical species and depend on the extraction conditions, the kind of the photobiont partner and the in situ localisation of major compounds.
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    Deep water bottom current deposition in the northern South China Sea (2007)
    Springer
    In:  Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 50 (7). pp. 1060-1066.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-21
    Description: There are some active bottom currents on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea (SCS). Reflection seismic profiles show that the bottom current channels occur in the water depth range of 1000 to 2700 m, extending from the NE to the SW, leading to accumulation of discontinuous drifts with higher sedimentation rates on the eastern side of the channel. The stacking pattern of the layers suggests that these drifts propagated southwestward, following the direction of the bottom currents. One sedimentary drift to the southeast of the Dongsha Islands has the highest sedimentation rate of 97cm/ka in the last 12 ka. The sedimentary characteristics of the sediment layers indicate that these bottom currents are most likley caused by the water movement of a branch of the West Pacific Ocean Current, which enters the northern SCS via the Bashi Strait. Once formed, the bottom currents transport sediments along the northern slope of SCS southwestward and finally disappear into the central basin of the SCS. Due to the bottom current activity, the deep-sea sedimentary process in the northern SCS is complex.
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    Experimental study of uraninite solubility in aqueous HCl solutions at 500°C and 1 kbar (2011)
    Springer
    In:  Geochemistry International, 49 (3). pp. 262-273.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-15
    Description: Uraninite solubility in 0.001–2.0 m HCl solutions was experimentally studied at 500°C, 1000 bar, and hydrogen fugacity corresponding to the Ni/NiO buffer. It was shown that the following U(IV) species dominate in the aqueous solution: U(OH)40, U(OH)2Cl20, and UOH Cl30 Using the results of uraninite solubility measurement, the Gibbs free energies of U(IV) species at 500°C and 1000 bar were calculated (kJ/mol): −9865.55 for UO2(aq), −1374.57 for U(OH)2 Cl20, and −1265.49 for UOH Cl30, and the equilibrium constants of uraninite dissolution in water and aqueous HCl solutions were estimated: UO2(cr) = UO2(aq), pK0 = 6.64; UO2(cr) + 2HCl0 = U(OH)2 Cl20, pK2 = 3.56; and UO2(cr) + 3HCl0 = UOHcl30 + H2O, pK3 = 3.05. The value pK1 ≈ 5.0 was obtained as a first approximation for the equilibrium UO2(cr) + H2O + HCl0 = U(OH)3Cl0. The constant of the reaction UO2(cr) + 4HCl0 = UCl40 + 2H2O (pK4 = 7.02) was calculated taking into account the ionization constants of U Cl40 and U(OH)40, obtained by extrapolation from 25 to 500°C at 1000 bar using the BR model. Intense dissolution and redeposition of gold (material of experimental capsules) was observed in our experiments. The analysis and modeling of this phenomenon suggested that the UO2 + x/UO2 redox pair oxidized Au(cr) to Au+(aq), which was then reduced under the influence of stronger reducers.
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    The Global Biogeochemical Silicon Cycle (2009)
    Springer
    In:  Silicon, 1 (4). pp. 207-213.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-05
    Description: Silicon is one of the most important elements in the current age of the anthropocene. It has numerous industrial applications, and supports a high-tech multi-billion Euro industry. Silicon has a fascinating biological and geological cycle, interacting with other globally important biogeochemical cycles. In this review, we bring together both biological and geological aspects of the silicon cycle to provide a general, comprehensive review of the cycling of silicon in the environment. We hope this review will provide inspiration for researchers to study this fascinating element, as well as providing a background environmental context to those interested in silicon.
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    Individual glass shard trace element analyses confirm that all known Toba tephra reported from India is from thec. 75-ka Youngest Toba eruption (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 29 (8). pp. 729-734.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Description: Uncertainty over the identity and age of Toba tephras across peninsular India persists, with radiometric age dates contradicting earlier compositional data, which have been used to identify this important Stratigraphie marker as the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT). To address this issue, new single glass shard analyses have been performed for samples from Morgaon and Bori (north-western India), which have recently been dated at c. 800 ka. These, and indeed all Toba tephra samples thus far analysed from India, show the presence of four populations of glass shards (defined by their Ba/Y ratio), which uniquely identifies them as products of the c. 75-ka Youngest Toba eruption. Confirmation that the YTT fingerprint is characteristic comes from new analyses of Oldest Toba Tuff (OTT) glass shards from five sites in the Indian Ocean. These are compositionally identical to Layer D from the ODP site 758 Sediment core (c. 800 ka), and belong to a single, low-Ba population, clearly different from YTT. These analyses show that there is essentially no reworked OTT material in the YTT eruption, and indicate unequivocally that all known Toba tephra occurrences in India belong to the c. 75-ka Youngest Toba eruption.
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    Japan: Vents and Seeps in Close Proximity (2010)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Vent and Seep Biota : aspects from microbes to ecosystems. , ed. by Kiel, S. Topics in Geobiology, 33 . Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 379-401.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-16
    Description: Since the discovery of dense animal communities associated with deep-sea hydrothermal venting (Lonsdale 1977), biological knowledge of those animals has accumulated (Van Dover 2000). Some unique animals associated with vent fields were found to depend on chemosynthetic primary production (Corliss et al. 1979). Subsequently, similar chemosynthetic animal assemblages were also discovered associated with deep-sea methane-seep areas, whale falls, and sunken wood (Pauli et al. 1984; Smith et al. 1989). To understand the pathways of adaptation to these environments, species shared between different habitats are of particular interest (Distel et al. 2000; Lorion et al. 2008). On a global scale, the number of species shared between vents and seeps is less than 10% of the total recorded vent or seep species (e.g. Tunnicliffe et al. 1998, 2003; Sibuet and Olu 1998). In the vent and seep communities around Japan, however, this figure exceeds 20% (based on a faunal list provided by Fujikura et al. 2008), although the Identification of species is still in progress. This relatively high abundance of both vent- and seep-inhabiting species suggests close relationships between vent and seep communities around Japan. A high similarity between megafaunal communities at vents and seeps around Japan was already noted by Fujikura et al. (1995); however, that study was based on species abundances investigated at only a single vent and two methane-seep communities. To date, at least 55 vent and seep communities have been discovered around Japan (Fujikura et al. 2008), and further analyses are required to elucidate the nature of this similarity. In this chapter, we focus on similarities between megafaunal communities inhabiting vents and seeps. As Kojima (2002) has already provided an review with an almost complete list of studies on vent and seep animals around Japan as of the time of publication, here we only provide brief, essential Information on their geologic settings and ecologic characteristics. Then, we summarize the species distributional records with Statistical analyses based on previous studies of those communities around Japan and discuss their proximity. In addition, we also summarize recent genetic studies of both vent- and seep-inhabiting species, i.e., three Calyptogena clams, Lamellibrachia and Paraescarpia tubeworms, and Bathymodiolus musseis, and discuss the Connectivity among populations of these species. Finally, we discuss whether the similarity of communities is accompanied by population Connectivity.
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    Some Problems of Physical Geology and the Earth's Thermal History (1927)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 64 (6). pp. 263-275.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: In a recent paper I stated that the hypothesis of a continuously cooling earth had “consistently failed to lead to any adequate explanations of fissure eruptions and other volcanic and tension phenomena, mountain-building processes and their distribution in time and space, and the alternation of marine transgressions and recessions”. It seems to be desirable that I should further justify this sweeping integration of objections, for Dr. Harold Jeffreys, who has actively explored the consequences of this theory during recent years, takes exception to my discouraging view of the position, and claims that the alleged failures include the principal successes of the theory. The evidence on which my summary indictment was based will be reviewed in this paper; and attention will be directed to certain other phenomena—such as the growth of geosynclines—of which the significance has not yet been generally realized. As a preliminary it will be convenient to discuss the gradually converging evidence bearing on the thickness and substructure of the continents.
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    Slc26a11 is prominently expressed in the brain and functions as a chloride channel: expression in Purkinje cells and stimulation of V H+-ATPase (2013)
    Springer
    In:  Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 465 (11). pp. 1583-1597.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-08
    Description: SLC26A11 (human)/Slc26a11 (mouse), also known as kidney brain anion transporter (KBAT), is a member of the SLC26 anion transporter family and shows abundant mRNA expression in the brain. However, its exact cellular distribution and subcellular localization in the brain and its functional identity and possible physiological roles remain unknown. Expression and immunostaining studies demonstrated that Slc26a11 is abundantly expressed in the cerebellum, with a predominant expression in Purkinje cells. Lower expression levels were detected in hippocampus, olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, and subcortical structures. Patch clamp studies in HEK293 cells transfected with mouse cDNA demonstrated that Slc26a11 can function as a chloride channel that is active under basal conditions and is not regulated by calcium, forskolin, or co-expression with cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. Single and double immunofluorescent labeling studies demonstrated the localization of vacuolar (V) H+-ATPase and Slc26a11 (KBAT) in the plasma membrane in Purkinje cells. Functional studies in HEK293 cells indicated that transfection with Slc26a11 stimulated acid transport via endogenous V H+-ATPase. We conclude that Slc26a11 (KBAT) is prominently distributed in output neurons of various subcortical and cortical structures in the central nervous system, with specific expression in Purkinje cells and that it may operate as a chloride channel regulating acid translocation by H+-ATPase across the plasma membrane and in intracellular compartments.
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    Quantitation of DNA and RNA with Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2007)
    Wiley
    In:  Current Protocols in Human Genetics, 53 (Suppl. 3D). A.3D.1-A.3D.21.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-16
    Description: Quantitation of nucleic acids is a fundamental tool in molecular biology that requires accuracy, reliability, and the use of increasingly smaller sample volumes. This unit describes the traditional absorbance measurement at 260 nm and three more sensitive fluorescence techniques, as well as three microvolume methods that use fiber optic technology in specialized cells or instrumentation. These procedures allow quantitation of DNA solutions ranging from 1 pg/µl to 50 mg/ml.
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  • 62
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    The mechanism of fucoidan-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells: Involvement of ERK1/2, JNK, glutathione, and nitric oxide (2010)
    Wiley
    In:  Molecular Carcinogenesis, 49 (8). pp. 771-782.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-20
    Description: Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide in brown seaweed, has various biological activities including anti-tumor activity. We investigated the effects of fucoidan on the apoptosis of human promyeloid leukemic cells and fucoidan-mediated signaling pathways. Fucoidan induced apoptosis of HL-60, NB4, and THP-1 cells, but not K562 cells. Fucoidan treatment of HL-60 cells induced activation of caspases-8, -9, and -3, the cleavage of Bid, and changed mitochondrial membrane permeability. Fucoidan-induced apoptosis, cleavage of procaspases, and changes in the mitochondrial membrane permeability were efficiently blocked by depletion of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1), and inhibitors of MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1) and c Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and JNK was increased in fucoidan-treated HL-60, NB4, and THP-1 cells, but not K562 cells. ERK1/2 activation occurred at earlier times than JNK activation and JNK activation was blocked by MEK1 inhibitor. In addition, fucoidan-induced apoptosis was inhibited by addition of glutathione and/or L-NAME, and fucoidan decreased intracellular glutathione concentrations and stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production. Buthionine-[R,S]-sulfoximine rendered HL-60 cells more sensitive to fucoidan. Depletion of MEKK1 and inhibition of MEK1 restored the intracellular glutathione content and abrogated NO production, whereas inhibition of JNK activation by SP600125 restored intracellular glutathione content but failed to inhibit NO production in fucoidan-treated HL-60 cells. These results suggest that activation of MEKK1, MEK1, ERK1/2, and JNK, depletion of glutathione, and production of NO are important mediators in fucoidan-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells
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  • 63
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    Prospecting Archaeological Landscapes (2012)
    Springer
    In:  In: Progress in Cultural Heritage Preservation: 4th International Conference, EuroMed 2012, Limassol, Cyprus, October 29 – November 3, 2012 - Proceedings. , ed. by Ioannides, M., Fritsch, D., Leissner, J., Davies, R., Remondino, F. and Caffo, R. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 21-29. ISBN 978-3-642-34233-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-23
    Description: The future demands on professional archaeological prospection will be its ability to cover large areas in a time and cost efficient manner with very high spatial resolution and accuracy. The objective of the 2010 in Vienna established Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology in collaboration with its nine European partner organizations is the advancement of the state-of-the-art by focusing on the development of remote sensing, geophysical prospection and virtual reality applications, as well as of novel integrated interpretation approaches dedicated to non-invasive spatial archaeology combining cutting-edge near-surface prospection methods with advanced computer science. Within the institute’s research program different areas for distinct case studies in Austria, Germany, Norway, Sweden and the UK have been selected as basis for the development and testing of new concepts for efficient and universally applicable tools for spatial, non-invasive archaeology. The collective resources and expertise available amongst the new research institute and associated partners permit innovative approaches to the archaeological exploration, documentation and investigation of the cultural heritage contained in entire archaeological landscapes. First promising results illustrate the potential of the proposed methodology and concepts.
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  • 64
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    Resistance against heterogeneous sequential infections: experimental studies with a tapeworm and its copepod host (2006)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of Helminthology, 80 (2). pp. 199-206.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
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  • 65
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    Shear band emergence in granular materials—a numerical study (2007)
    Wiley
    In:  International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 31 (3). pp. 373-393.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-24
    Description: In contrast to continuum systems where localization or shear banding arises through a bifurcation in a predefined system of differential equations, shear bands emerge in numerical simulations of deforming granular systems with no prescribed mathematical relations other than simple contact forces between particles. Shear bands emerge from the self‐organization of large numbers of particles with long‐range geometrical interactions playing a dominant role; both translation and rotation of particles are important. Granular media therefore deform more like materials with non‐local constitutive relations than materials where only first‐order interactions are relevant. In this paper we adopt a thermo‐mechanical approach and explore the fluxes of energy in the evolving granular system (that has cohesion as well as friction between the particles) as it is loaded through the unstable localization regime, and track the evolution of energy dissipation. As in continua, the sign of the second‐order work defines the emergence of instability in the system. Initially, these instabilities decay into stable configurations of particles but with continued loading, force chains collapse locally to generate geometrically necessary fractures. These zones then propagate to generate localization zones. When these fractures form a continuous network, the system is at the percolation thresh‐hold for broken bonds. However, long before this stage, the second‐order work fluctuates in bursts weakly correlated with bursts in kinetic energy as damage accumulates. This behaviour suggests that any continuum constitutive description of granular media must be (i) non‐local in an anisotropic manner, (ii) micro‐polar, and (iii) involve damage evolution.
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  • 66
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    High-resolution Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) mapping of a slow-spreading ridge: Mid-Atlantic Ridge 45°N (2013)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14 (6). pp. 1693-1702.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-09
    Description: Axial volcanic ridges (AVRs) are found on most slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges and are thought to be the main locus of volcanism there. In this study we present high-resolution mapping of a typical, well-defined AVR on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 45°N. The AVR is characterized by “hummocky terrain,” composed typically of hummocks with pillowed or elongate pillowed flanks with pillowed or lobate lava flow summits, often with small haystacks sitting on their highest points. The AVR is surrounded by several areas of “flat seafloor,” composed of lobate and sheet lava flows. The spatial and morphological differences between these areas indicate different eruption processes operating on and off the AVR. Volcanic fissures are found all around and on the AVR, although those with the greatest horizontal displacement are found on the ridge crest and flat seafloor. Clusters of fissures may represent volcanic vents. Extremely detailed comparisons of sediment coverage and examination of contact relations around the AVR suggest that many of the areas of flat seafloor are of a similar age or younger than the hummocky terrain of the AVR. Additionally, all the lavas surveyed have similar degrees of sediment cover, suggesting that the AVR was either built or resurfaced in the same 50 ka time frame as the flat seafloor.
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  • 67
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    Forazoline A: marine-derived polyketide with antifungal in vivo efficacy (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 53 (43). pp. 11583-11586.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-24
    Description: Forazoline A, a novel antifungal polyketide with in vivo efficacy against Candida albicans, was discovered using LCMS-based metabolomics to investigate marine-invertebrate-associated bacteria. Forazoline A had a highly unusual and unprecedented skeleton. Acquisition of 13C–13C gCOSY and 13C–15N HMQC NMR data provided the direct carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen connectivity, respectively. This approach represents the first example of determining direct 13C–15N connectivity for a natural product. Using yeast chemical genomics, we propose that forazoline A operated through a new mechanism of action with a phenotypic outcome of disrupting membrane integrity.
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  • 68
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    Zoning in highly alkaline magma bodies (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Geological Magazine, 121 (6). pp. 563-575.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: We present chemical data on magmatically heterogeneous pyroclastic deposits of late Quaternary age erupted from zoned magma systems underlying Tenerife (Canary Islands), Sao Miguel and Faial (Azores), and Vesuvius. The most fractionated magmas present at each centre are respectively Na-rich phonolite, trachyte, and K-rich phonolite. Within any one deposit, chemical variation is either accompanied by changes in the phenocryst assemblage (petrographic zonation) or is largely manifested in trace element abundances, unaccompanied by any petrographic change (occult zonation). Zoning is analogous to that in calc-alkaline systems where the most fractionated products are high-silica rhyolites. When a range of magma types are considered, a correlation emerges between roofward depletion of trace elements (especially REE) in the zoned system and compatability of those same trace elements in the accessory phenocryst phases present. Thus, allanite- or chevkinite-bearing rhyolitic systems are light-REE depleted roofwards, the sphene-bearing Tenerife system is middle-REE depleted roofwards, the melanite-bearing Vesuvius system is heavy-REE depleted roofwards, while the Azores systems, which lack these phases, display roofward REE enrichment. Therefore, the behaviour of trace elements may in each case be explained by fractionation of observed phenocryst assemblages. The resemblance between features of zoned magma systems and published work on the dynamic consequences of cooling saturated aqueous solutions prompts us to suggest that sidewall crystallization and consequent boundary-layer uprise to form a capping layer at top of the system may be a plausible mechanism for the generation of both petrographic and occult zonation. Reverse zoning occurs among the first-erupted tephra of some deposits, demonstrating that the most highly differentiated magma available is not always the first to be tapped during an eruption from a zoned system.
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  • 69
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    Volatile halocarbon emissions by three tropical brown seaweeds under different irradiances (2013)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Applied Phycology, 25 (5). pp. 1377-1386.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: The emission rates of eight volatile halogenated compounds by three tropical brown seaweed species collected from Cape Rachado, west coast Peninsular Malaysia, under different irradiances have been determined. A purge-and-trap sample preparation system with a gas chromatograph and mass-selective detector was used to measure a suite of halocarbons released by Sargassum binderi Sonder ex J. Agardh, Padina australis Hauck, and Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kützing. All species are widely distributed in Peninsular Malaysia, with S. binderi a dominant seaweed species at our survey site. Release of few halocarbons was found to be influenced by irradiance. Correlations were also observed between emission of certain halocarbons with photosynthetic activity, especially bromo-and iodinated compounds (0.6 〈 r 〈0.9; p 〈 0.01) suggesting that environmental factors such as light can affect the release of these volatile halogenated compounds by the seaweeds into the atmosphere. Compared with temperate and polar brown seaweeds, tropical species, such as T. conoides, may emit higher levels of bromoform, CHBr3, and other halocarbons. It is therefore important to investigate the contribution of tropical seaweeds towards the local atmospheric composition of halocarbons.
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  • 70
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    The female reproductive cycle of the octopus, Eledone cirrhosa (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63 . pp. 71-83.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Changes in the relative size of the ovary, oviducal glands and eggs are described for Eledone cirrhosa captured from the North Sea off Aberdeen over a 3 year period (N = 488). The analysis is based only on freshly caught animals, excluding those held in aquarium conditions (〉 5 days). Ovary enlargement and egg size estimates are used as indices of sexual maturity. Between 0–15% and 18–95% of total body weight is contributed by the ovary. Maximum egg length in the ovary ranges up to 7 mm. On these criteria, sexual maturation typically occurs at body sizes between 400–1000 g although some animals of 1000–1200 g are found showing no evidence of ovary enlargement. The majority of the monthly sample is always immature but maturation can apparently occur at almost any time of the year. Increase in mean ovary index and mean values for egg size are strongly seasonal and indicate a peak incidence of sexual maturity over 2–3 months in the July-September period. Spawning is presumed to follow within 1 month. Estimates of the fecundity of the females, based on the egg sample from the ovary, range from 2·2 × 103 to 55 × 10 3 eggs with a mean of 11 × 10 3 and a mode of 7·5 × 10 3 eggs.
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  • 71
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    Reproductive maturity in fresh and aquarium-held Eledone cirrhosa (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64 . pp. 581-585.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Female Eledone cirrhosa held in aquarium conditions for periods of time of five daysand over show relatively enlarged ovary sizes. Values for ovary index considerably exceed thoseof freshly caught animals and the incidence of the final stage of maturity, in which eggs pack the oviducts, is greater. A comparison of maturity indices for fresh and aquarium males was inconclusive. The range of factors associated with aquarium conditions is briefly reviewed and it is concluded that studies of cephalopod reproductive maturation must distinguish fresh and aquarium animals. Introduction External factors effective in inducing sexual maturation in cephalopods have been suggested several times. The influence of the absence of light has been implicated since the experiments of Wells & Wells (1959) showed that blinded Octopus vulgar is matured precociously. An effect of short day length in stimulating the optic glands of Sepia has been found by Defretin & Richard (1967) and Richard (1967) but this is not clearly the case for Octopus (Buckley, 1977). Octopuses kept in aquarium conditions for lengthy periods are said to have larger relative gonad sizes than those fresh from the sea (Wells & Wells, 1975). One of the factors associated with aquarium conditions is often a degree of starvation, and this circumstance alone is held to be a factor in inducing precocious sexual maturation in Eledone (Mangold & Boucher-Rodoni, 1973). In the course of recent studies on the growth and reproduction of Eledone cirrhosa from the North Sea (Boyle & Knobloch, 1982,1983,1984) animals which had remained in aquarium conditions for 5 days or over were separated from the analysis.
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  • 72
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    Atmospheric stability and turbulence fluxes at Horns Rev-an intercomparison of sonic, bulk and WRF model data (2011)
    Wiley
    In:  Wind Energy, 15 (5). pp. 717-731.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-22
    Description: Direct estimations of turbulent fluxes and atmospheric stability were performed from a sonic anemometer at 50 m height on a meteorological mast at the Horns Rev wind farm in the North Sea. The stability and flux estimations from the sonic measurements are compared with bulk results from a cup anemometer at 15 m height and potential temperature differences between the water and the air above. Surface flux estimations from the advanced weather research and forecast (WRF) model are also validated against the sonic and bulk data. The correlation between the sonic and bulk estimates of friction velocity is high and the highest among all velocity comparisons. From the sonic–bulk–WRF inter-comparison, it is found that the atmospheric stability measures at the sonic height tend to be closer to the neutral value than the WRF and bulk estimates, which are performed within an air layer closer to the surface, not only from a systematic bulk and WRF under-prediction of the friction velocity when compared with the sonic value but also because of the lower magnitude of the sonic heat flux compared with that from the WRF simulations. Although they are not measured but parameterized or estimated, the bulk–WRF comparisons of friction velocity and 10 m wind speed show good agreement. It is also shown that on a long-term basis, the WRF and bulk estimates of stability are nearly equal and that a correction towards a slightly stable atmospheric condition has to be applied to the long-term wind profile at Horns Rev and at other locations over the North Sea, the correction being larger for points close to the coast.
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  • 73
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    The enigma of reversed asymmetry in lithodid crabs: absence of evidence for heritability or induction of morphological handedness inLopholithodes foraminatus (2010)
    Wiley
    In:  Evolution & Development, 12 (1). pp. 74-83.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Mutations or environmental factors that result in reversal of conspicuous left–right asymmetries provide an opportunity to study developmental mechanisms. They may also provide insight into evolutionary changes in asymmetry states within and between species. King crabs (family Lithodidae) have a larger right claw and females typically exhibit a dextrally offset abdomen. Nevertheless, I observed a high incidence of left handedness in laboratory reared box crabs (Lopholithodes foraminatus) and captured the first known egg-bearing female lithodid to exhibit reversed asymmetry. This provided a unique opportunity to characterize the reversed phenotype and to compare the incidence of reversed asymmetry in the offspring of normal and reversed females. Asymmetry of the chelae became apparent in the first postzoeal stage (glaucothoe) and handedness was maintained through subsequent instars. Females with larger left claws developed reversed abdominal asymmetry by the fourth crab stage. No reversed asymmetry was observed in the mandibles of zoea larvae or juveniles of either handedness. The incidence of reversed asymmetry in glaucothoe reared from one reversed and three normal females was high (between 20% and 30%), and independent of maternity (P=0.67). Removal of the right cheliped of fourth stage zoeae, and the major cheliped of glaucothoe, did not reverse the direction of asymmetry. Elevated larval rearing temperature also did not affect the frequency of reversed individuals. This lack of evidence for either heritability or induction of handedness is enigmatic. Further investigation of reversed asymmetry in lithodid crabs may provide valuable insights into the development and evolution of bilateral asymmetries.
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  • 74
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    Late Wisconsin-Weichselian Mountain Glaciers and Small Ice Caps (1981)
    Wiley
    In:  In: The last great ice sheets. , ed. by Denton, G. H. and Hughes, T. J. Wiley, New York, pp. 179-206. ISBN 0-471-06006-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-10
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 75
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    The biology of Isancistrum subulatae n.sp., a monogenean parasitic on the squid, Alloteuthis subulata, at Plymouth (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64 (02). pp. 285-302.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: A new species of a monogenean Isancistrum subulatae (Gyrodactylidae) has been discovered on the arms and tentacles of the cephalopod mollusc Alloteuthis subulata at Plymouth and I. loliginis, on the gills of the same host, has been re-discovered for the first time since its original description in 1912. I. subulatae, like other gyrodactylids, is viviparous, and has been shown by experiments to transfer to new hosts by contagion. In nature such transfers probably take place during copulation of the hosts and since the parasite may occur in numbers of several thousands per host, it may thereby constitute a venereal disease.
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  • 76
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    Macroalgal blooms alter community structure and primary productivity in marine ecosystems (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology, 20 (9). pp. 2712-2724.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-21
    Description: Eutrophication, coupled with loss of herbivory due to habitat degradation and overharvesting, has increased the frequency and severity of macroalgal blooms worldwide. Macroalgal blooms interfere with human activities in coastal areas, and sometimes necessitate costly algal removal programmes. They also have many detrimental effects on marine and estuarine ecosystems, including induction of hypoxia, release of toxic hydrogen sulphide into the sediments and atmosphere, and the loss of ecologically and economically important species. However, macroalgal blooms can also increase habitat complexity, provide organisms with food and shelter, and reduce other problems associated with eutrophication. These contrasting effects make their overall ecological impacts unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the overall effects of macroalgal blooms on several key measures of ecosystem structure and functioning in marine ecosystems. We also evaluated some of the ecological and methodological factors that might explain the highly variable effects observed in different studies. Averaged across all studies, macroalgal blooms had negative effects on the abundance and species richness of marine organisms, but blooms by different algal taxa had different consequences, ranging from strong negative to strong positive effects. Blooms' effects on species richness also depended on the habitat where they occurred, with the strongest negative effects seen in sandy or muddy subtidal habitats and in the rocky intertidal. Invertebrate communities also appeared to be particularly sensitive to blooms, suffering reductions in their abundance, species richness, and diversity. The total net primary productivity, gross primary productivity, and respiration of benthic ecosystems were higher during macroalgal blooms, but blooms had negative effects on the productivity and respiration of other organisms. These results suggest that, in addition to their direct social and economic costs, macroalgal blooms have ecological effects that may alter their capacity to deliver important ecosystem services.
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  • 77
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    Do zebrafish Rh proteins act as dual ammonia-CO2 channels? (2010)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, 313A (9). pp. 618-621.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: Transfer of the small gaseous molecules CO2 and NH3 across biological membranes, long thought to occur solely by simple diffusion, is now known to be facilitated by members of two multigene families: aquaporins (AQP) and rhesus (Rh) proteins. Although it is accepted that AQP1 and Rh proteins are involved in CO2 and NH3 transfer, respectively, the idea that a single channel can exhibit selectivity for both gases is controversial. Indeed, studies using the same in vitro model (human red blood cells) have provided evidence both for and against a role for Rh proteins as CO2 channels. Thus, this study was initiated to provide in vivo evidence for a dual function of Rh proteins as ammonia and CO2 channels. Here, we show that in zebrafish (Danio rerio), direct ammonia–CO2 competition experiments in adults or translational knockdowns of Rh proteins in larvae affects both ammonia and CO2 excretion. These results suggest that Rh proteins in zebrafish may be common pathways for transport of ammonia and CO2.
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    Morphology and environment of cold-water coral carbonate mounds on the NW European margin (2007)
    Springer
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences, 96 (1). pp. 37-56.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: Cold-water coral carbonate mounds, owing their presence mainly to the framework building coral Lophelia pertusa and the activity of associated organisms, are common along the European margin with their spatial distribution allowing them to be divided into a number of mound provinces. Variation in mound attributes are explored via a series of case studies on mound provinces that have been the most intensely investigated: Belgica, Hovland, Pelagia, Logachev and Norwegian Mounds. Morphological variation between mound provinces is discussed under the premise that mound morphology is an expression of the environmental conditions under which mounds are initiated and grow. Cold-water coral carbonate mounds can be divided into those exhibiting “inherited” morphologies (where mound morphology reflects the morphology of the colonised features) and “developed” morphology (where the mounds assume their own gross morphology mainly reflecting dominant hydrodynamic controls). Finer-scale, surface morphological features mainly reflecting biological growth forms are also discussed.
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    High occurrences of brominated lipid fatty acids in boreal sponges of the order Halichondrida (2007)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 150 (6). pp. 1153-1160.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: Sponges of warm- and temperate- but also cold-waters are known to synthesize structurally diverse primary and secondary metabolites. These compounds fulfill a variety of functions including adaptations of the cell membranes to environmental conditions. We show here that boreal sponges of the order Halichondrida are rich sources of brominated lipid fatty acids. The comparison of lipid compositions of halichondrid Demospongiae from boreal and warmer waters indicates an accumulation of brominated fatty acids in sponges from colder settings. Moreover, the spatial distribution of brominated fatty acids in the sponge tissue of one widely distributed sponge of the North-East Atlantic (Phakellia ventilabrum) hints to a function related to membrane fluidity and permeability rather than to defense against predation. However, brominated fatty acids are diagnostic for the presence of bromoperoxidases in sponges and may therefore be potentially useful as markers in a chemical screening for secondary metabolites of pharmacological interest.
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    Spatial Variability of Trace Metals and Inorganic Nutrients in Surface Waters of Todos Santos Bay, México in the Summer of 2005 During a Red Tide Algal Bloom (2009)
    Springer
    In:  Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 56 (4). pp. 707-716.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Dissolved and particulate metals (Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients (PO4, NO3, and H4SiO4) were measured in Todos Santos Bay (TSB) in August 2005. Two sources producing local gradients were identified: one from a dredge discharge area (DDA) and another south of the port and a creek. The average concentrations of dissolved Cd and Zn (1.3 and 15.6 nM, respectively) were higher by one order of magnitude than the surrounding Pacific waters, even during upwelling, and it is attributed to the presence of a widespread and long-lasting red tide coupled with some degree of local pollution. A clear spatial gradient (10 to 6 pM), from coast to offshore, of dissolved Ag was evident, indicating the influence of anthropogenic inputs. The particulate fraction of all metals, except Cu, showed a factor of ~3 decrease in concentrations from the DDA to the interior of the bay. The metal distributions were related to the bay’s circulation by means of a numerical model that shows a basically surface-wind-driven offshore current with subsurface compensation currents toward the coast. Additionally, the model shows strong vertical currents over the DDA. Principal component analysis revealed three possible processes that could be influencing the metal concentrations within TSB: anthropogenic inputs (Cd, Ag, and Co), biological proceses (NO3, Zn, and Cu), and upwelling and mixing (PO4, H4SiO4, Cd, and Ni). The most striking finding of this study was the extremely high Cd concentrations, which have been only reported in highly contaminated areas. As there was a strong red tide, it is hypothesized that the dinoflagellates are assimilating the Cd, which is rapidly remineralized and being concentrated on the stratified surface layers.
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    Zircon geochronology, elemental and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of two Variscan granitoids from the Odenwald-Spessart crystalline complex (mid-German crystalline rise) (2012)
    Springer
    In:  Mineralogy and Petrology, 105 (3-4). pp. 187-200.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-04
    Description: The crystalline parts of the Bergsträsser (western) Odenwald and the southern Spessart expose Variscan I-type granitoids of the mid-German crystalline rise that formed during subduction of the Rheic ocean and collision of Avalonia and Armorica about 365 and 330 Ma ago. We present geochemical, Sr-Nd isotopic, single zircon 207Pb/206Pb evaporation and conventional U-Pb data from a diorite-granodiorite complex of the southern Spessart and from a flasergranitoid of the Bergsträsser Odenwald unit II. Both intrusions provide almost identical zircon ages (332.4 ± 1.6 Ma for Odenwald and 330.4 ± 2.0 Ma for Spessart). Lack of inherited or pre-magmatic zircon components connotes magma genesis in deep crustal hot zones despite low temperature estimates (758–786 °C) derived from zircon saturation thermometry. Investigated rock samples display normal- to high-K calc-alkaline metaluminous (Spessart) and weakly peraluminous (Odenwald) geochemical characteristics. The Spessart pluton has lower εNd(T) values (−2.3 to −3.0) and higher 87Sr/86Sri ratios (0.7060 to 0.7066) compared to Odenwald flasergranitoid (εNd(T) = −0.8 and 87Sr/86Sri = 0.7048). In terms of the tectonic setting, the diorite-granodiorite complex of the southern Spessart forms the continuation of the north Armorican arc segment exposed in the Bergsträsser Odenwald. Taking into account previously reported geochemical and isotopic results, it is concluded that the Spessart pluton does not match compositions of Odenwald unit II granitoids but likely represents the north-eastward extension of unit III.
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    Complement: coming full circle (2009)
    Springer
    In:  Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis, 57 (6). pp. 393-407.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-11
    Description: The complement system has long been known to be a major element of innate immunity. Traditionally, it was regarded as the first line of defense against invading pathogens, leading to opsonization and phagocytosis or the direct lysis of microbes. However, from the second half of the twentieth century on, it became clear that complement is also intimately involved in the induction and “fine tuning” of adaptive B- and T-cell responses as well as lineage commitment. This growing recognition of the complement system’s multifunctional role in immunity is consistent with the recent paradigm that complement is also necessary for the successful contraction of an adaptive immune response. This review aims at giving a condensed overview of complement’s rise from a simple innate stop-and-go system to an essential and efficient participant in general immune homeostasis and acquired immunity.
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  • 83
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    Temporal Trends of Dissolved Trace Metals in Jamaica Bay, NY: Importance of Wastewater Input and Submarine Groundwater Discharge in an Urban Estuary (2009)
    Springer
    In:  Estuaries and Coasts, 32 (3). pp. 535-550.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Jamaica Bay, NY, is a highly urbanized estuary within the boroughs of New York City conspicuously lacking published information on dissolved trace metal concentrations. The current study examines the distribution and cycling of trace metals in that embayment with data gathered during cruises in November 2004, April 2005, and June 2006. Most of the metal distributions (Fe, Zn, Co, Ag, Cu, Pb, Ni) in the water column are explained by the input of substantial volumes of treated wastewater effluent. However, several lines of evidence suggest that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is also an important source of dissolved Fe, Zn, Co, Ni, and isotopically distinct stable Pb ratios (206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb) in the Bay. Conversely, the recirculated seawater component of SGD is an apparent sink for dissolved Mo. This study provides the first measurements of dissolved trace metals in the Jamaica Bay water column and subterranean estuary and provides evidence for trace metal input due to SGD.
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  • 84
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    The Toba supervolcanic eruption: Tephra-fall deposits in India and paleoanthropological implications (2007)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia. , ed. by Petraglia, M. D. and Allchin, B. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 173-200.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-24
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 85
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    Swim pacemakers in box jellyfish are modulated by the visual input (2008)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 194 (7). pp. 641-651.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-04
    Description: A major part of the cubozoan central nervous system is situated in the eye-bearing rhopalia. One of the neuronal output channels from the rhopalia carries a swim pacemaker signal, which has a one-to-one relation with the swim contractions of the bell shaped body. Given the advanced visual system of box jellyfish and that the pacemaker signal originates in the vicinity of these eyes, it seems logical to assume that the pacemakers are modified by the visual input. Here, the firing frequency and distribution of inter-signal intervals (ISIs) of single pacemakers are examined in the Caribbean box jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora. It is shown that the absolute ambient light intensity, if kept constant, has no influence on the signal, but if the intensity changes, it has a major impact on both frequency and ISIs. If the intensity suddenly drops there is an increase in firing frequency, and the ISIs become more homogeneously distributed. A rise in intensity, on the other hand, produces a steep decline in the frequency and makes the ISIs highly variable. These electrophysiological data are correlated with behavioral observations from the natural habitat of the medusae.
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  • 86
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    Selective removal of human DNA from metagenomic DNA samples extracted from dental plaque (2011)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Basic Microbiology, 51 (4). pp. 442-446.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-31
    Description: Metagenomic techniques are used to analyse bacterial communities allowing both culturable and unculturable species to be represented. However, the screening of oral metagenomic samples can be hindered by high animal host DNA content. This study evaluated methods for the reduction of human DNA concentrations within oral metagenomic samples. Plaque samples were collected from 27 patients presenting with periodontal disease and treated to remove human DNA using either selective lysis of eukaryotic cells at several buffer concentrations or differential centrifugation after treatment with trypsin and/or detergents. Human and bacterial DNA levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The human DNA content of plaque extracts was significantly reduced by all treatments compared with an untreated control (P 〈 0.05). However, differential centrifugation simultaneously reduced the bacterial DNA content unless samples were pretreated with a detergent. Observations of Gram stained samples that were processed using differential centrifugation without detergent suggest that many bacteria remain adhered to human cells. An approach that uses differential centrifugation in parallel with selective lysis is recommended to fully represent the oral microbiota in metagenomic samples, including those tightly adhered to human cells and more delicate bacteria such as Mycoplasma.
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  • 87
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    Stress-dilatancy and force chain evolution (2010)
    Wiley
    In:  International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 35 (2). pp. 264-292.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-11
    Description: The evolution of internal structure plays a pivotal role in the macroscopic response of granular materials to applied loads. A case in point is the so‐called ‘stress–dilatancy relation’, a cornerstone of Soil Mechanics. Numerous attempts have been made to unravel the connection between stress–dilatancy and the evolution of fabric and contact forces in a deforming granular medium. We re‐examine this connection in light of the recent findings on force chain evolution, in particular, that of collective force chain failure by buckling. This study is focussed on two‐dimensional deformation of dense granular assemblies. Analysis of individual and collective force chain bucklings is undertaken using data from a discrete element simulation. It is shown that the kinematics of force chain buckling lead to significant levels of local dilatation being developed in the buckling force chain particles and their confining first‐ring neighbors. Findings from the simulation are used to guide the development of a lattice model of collective, localized force chain buckling. Consideration of the statics and kinematics of this process yields a new stress–dilatancy relation. The physics of buckling, even at its simplest form, introduces a richness into the stress–dilatancy formulation in a way that preserves the essential aspects of fabric evolution, specifically the buckling mode.
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  • 88
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    Variability from scales in marine sediments and other historical records (2009)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  In: Climate Change and Small Pelagic Fish. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 45-63.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-03
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 89
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    Notes on the Robustness of Regression Trees Against Skewed and Contaminated Errors (2011)
    Springer
    In:  In: New Perspectives in Statistical Modeling and Data Analysis. , ed. by Ingrassia, S. Springer, Berlin, pp. 255-263. ISBN 978-3-642-11362-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-22
    Description: Regression trees represent one of the most popular tools in predictive data mining applications. However, previous studies have shown that their performances are not completely satisfactory when the dependent variable is highly skewed, and severely degrade in the presence of heavy-tailed error distributions, especially for grossly mis-measured values of the dependent variable. In this paper the lack of robustness of some classical regression trees is investigated by addressing the issue of highly-skewed and contaminated error distributions. In particular, the performances of some non robust regression trees are evaluated through a Monte Carlo experiment and compared to those of some trees, based on M-estimators, recently proposed in order to robustify this kind of methods. In conclusion, the results obtained from the analysis of a real dataset are presented.
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  • 90
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    How Do ∼2° Slopes Fail in Areas of Slow Sedimentation? A Sensitivity Study on the Influence of Accumulation Rate and Permeability on Submarine Slope Stability (2012)
    Springer
    In:  In: Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences. , ed. by Yamada, Y., Kawamura, K., Ikehara, K., Ogawa, Y., Urgeles, R., Mosher, D., Chaytor, J. and Strasser, M. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, 31 . Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 277-287. ISBN 978-94-007-2161-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-13
    Description: Overpressure generation due to rapid sediment deposition can result in low effective stresses within the sediment column. It has been proposed that these large overpressures are the main preconditioning factor for causing large-scale submarine slope failure on passive continental margins, such as those in the Gulf of Mexico and offshore Norway. The rate of overpressure generation depends on the sedimentation rate, sediment compressibility and permeability. The Gulf of Mexico and the Norwegian continental slope have experienced comparatively high sediment input, but large-scale slope failure also occurs in locations with very low sedimentation rates such as the Northwest African continental margin. Here we show results from 2D numerical modelling of a 2° continental slope subjected to deposition rates of 0.15 m/ka. These results do not indicate any evidence for significant overpressure or slope instability. We conclude that factors other than overpressure must be fundamental for initiating slope failure, at least in locations with low sedimentation rates.
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  • 91
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    Salimabromide: Unexpected Chemistry from the Obligate Marine MyxobacteriumEnhygromxya salina (2013)
    Wiley
    In:  Chemistry - a European Journal, 19 (28). pp. 9319-9324.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-01
    Description: Marine myxobacteria (Enhygromyxa, Plesiocystis, Pseudoenhygromyxa, Haliangium) are phylogenetically distant from their terrestrial counterparts. Salimabromide is the first natural product from the Plesiocystis/Enhygromyxa clade of obligatory marine myxobacteria. Salimabromide has a new tetracyclic carbon skeleton, comprising a brominated benzene ring, a furano lactone residue, and a cyclohexane ring, bridged by a seven-membered cyclic moiety. The absolute configuration was deduced from experimental and calculated CD data. Salimabromide revealed antibiotic activity towards Arthrobacter cristallopoietes.
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  • 92
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    Using marine macroalgae for carbon sequestration: a critical appraisal (2011)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Applied Phycology, 23 (5). pp. 877-886.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: There has been a good deal of interest in the potential of marine vegetation as a sink for anthropogenic C emissions (“Blue Carbon”). Marine primary producers contribute at least 50% of the world’s carbon fixation and may account for as much as 71% of all carbon storage. In this paper, we analyse the current rate of harvesting of both commercially grown and wild-grown macroalgae, as well as their capacity for photosynthetically driven CO2 assimilation and growth. We suggest that CO2 acquisition by marine macroalgae can represent a considerable sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions and that harvesting and appropriate use of macroalgal primary production could play a significant role in C sequestration and amelioration of greenhouse gas emissions.
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  • 93
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    Application of HPLC-NMR for the Rapid Chemical Profiling of a Southern Australian Sponge,Dactylospongiasp. (2009)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Separation Science, 32 (4). pp. 542-548.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-24
    Description: Rapid chemical profiling of the antitumour active crude dichloromethane extract of the marine sponge, Dactylospongia sp. was undertaken. A combination of both offline (HPLC followed by NMR and MS) and on-line (on-flow and stop-flow HPLC-NMR) chemical profiling approaches was adopted to establish the exact nature of the major constituents present in the dichloromethane extract of this sponge. On-flow HPLC-NMR analysis was employed to initially identify components present in the dichloromethane extract, while stop-flow HPLC-NMR experiments were then conducted on the major component present, resulting in the partial identification of pentaprenylated p-quinol (5). Subsequent off-line RP semi-preparative HPLC isolation of 5 followed by detailed spectroscopic analysis using NMR and MS permitted the complete structure to be established. This included the first complete carbon NMR chemical shift assignment of 5 based on the heteronuclear 2-D NMR experiments, together with the first report of its antitumour activity. This study represents one of the few reports describing the application of HPLC-NMR to chemically profile secondary metabolites from a marine organism.
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  • 94
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    Two new metabolites with cytotoxicities from deep-sea fungus, aspergillus sydowi YH11-2 (2007)
    Springer
    In:  Archives of Pharmacal Research, 30 (9). pp. 1051-1054.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-12
    Description: Two new compounds, 2, 3, 5-trimethyl-6-(3-oxobutan-2-yl)-4H-pyran-4-one (1) and (2R)-2, 3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-6, 8-dimethyl-2-[(E)-prop-1-enyl] chromen-4-one (2), together with six known compounds (3–8), were isolated from a deep-sea fungus, identified as Aspergillus sydowi, by a bioassay-guided method. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and the cytotoxicities were evaluated by SRB method.
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  • 95
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    The diet of Emperor Penguins Aptenodytes forsteri in Adelie Land, Antarctica (2008)
    Wiley
    In:  Ibis, 128 (3). pp. 409-413.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-24
    Description: This first quantitative study of the diet of Emperor penguins is based on 29 stomach contents collected with a water off-loading method in Adelie Land. The Emperor is largely ichthyophagous (65% by number and 95% by weight) and feeds extensively on small nototheniids (97% of the fish are 40–125 mm in overall length). These results and data on meal size and feeding frequency of the chick suggest that Emperors are off-shore foraging birds offering little competition for food with other sea-birds or mammals.
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  • 96
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    The diet of the King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus at Macquarie Island (2008)
    Wiley
    In:  Ibis, 130 (2). pp. 193-203.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-04
    Description: The diet of King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus at Macquarie Island was studied between November 1984 and November 1985 based on stomach flushed samples (obtaining 93% of the total stomach content) from ten birds each month. The mean stomach content mass of the 118 samples was 923 0 g. Percentage by number, percentage by weight and dietary coefficient analysis all showed the main prey of the penguins to be myctophid lantern fish of the species Electrona carlsbergi and Krefftichthys anderssoni. Juvenile fish of both species were eaten from December to July, and adults in August and September. Cephalopods were relatively unimportant in contrast to previous indications. The amount of food brought ashore and the composition of the diet varied over the year, with K. anderssoni the dominant food in all but the winter months when E. carlsbergi replaced it as the principal food item.
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    Geophysical prospecting on the Santorini Islands (1984)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 47 (3). pp. 447-466.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-05
    Description: A program of geophysical research was carried out as a preliminary stage of study of the Santorini volcanic group. This area is of remarkable geothermal and volcanological interest, and the definition of a volcanological structural model is the starting point for an understanding of the local geodynamic processes. Gravity, magnetic and geoelectrical data proved that: (i) the core of the volcanic edifice consists of a sedimentary-metamorphic basement; (ii) the basement is tectonically disturbed and a linear tectonic system produces a graben-type structure in the middle part of the area.
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  • 98
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    Quantitative analysis of the use of discards from squid trawlers by Black-browed Albatrosses Diomedea melanophris in the vicinity of the Falkland Islands (2008)
    Wiley
    In:  Ibis, 134 (1). pp. 11-21.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-04
    Description: In the past decade, a major trawl fishery for the squid Loligo gahi has developed in the vicinity of Beauchêne Island, an internationally important breeding site for the Black-browed Albatross Diomedea melanophris. The breeding season diet of this albatross in the Falklands and its use of discards generated by the Loligo fishery were investigated. Albatross chicks are fed extensively on commercially exploited species of squid and fish including Loligo gahi and southern blue whiting Micromesistius australis. The quantity of waste generated by the Loligo fishery amounts to c. 5% of the reported catch and just over 50% of this waste, mainly Loligo and nototheniid fish, is scavenged by adult Black-browed Albatrosses. The total quantity scavenged during the chick rearing period amounts to 1000–2000 tonnes per year. This is equivalent to 10–15% of the total food requirement of the breeding Black-browed Albatross population on Beauchene Island during the period when the fishery is operating. Although the Loligo fishery currently provides a significant quantity of food to these albatrosses, its net effect may be detrimental to them, as it is a much greater predator of Loligo stocks than the albatrosses are estimated to have been prior to the fishery's development.
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  • 99
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    Gram-Positive Marine Bacteria as a Potential Resource for the Discovery of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors (2011)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biotechnology, 13 (4). pp. 722-732.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: Inhibitors of bacterial quorum sensing have been proposed as potentially novel therapeutics for the treatment of certain bacterial diseases. We recently reported a marine Halobacillus salinus isolate that secretes secondary metabolites capable of quenching quorum sensing phenotypes in several Gram-negative reporter strains. To investigate how widespread the production of such compounds may be in the marine bacterial environment, 332 Gram-positive isolates from diverse habitats were tested for their ability to interfere with Vibrio harveyi bioluminescence, a cell signaling-regulated phenotype. Rapid assay methods were employed where environmental isolates were propagated alongside the reporter strain. “Actives” were defined as bacteria that interfered with bioluminescence without visible cell-killing effects (antibiotic activity). A total of 49 bacterial isolates interfered with bioluminescence production in the assays. Metabolite extracts were generated from cultures of the active isolates, and 28 reproduced the bioluminescence inhibition against V. harveyi. Of those 28, five extracts additionally inhibited violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum. Chemical investigations revealed that phenethylamides and a cyclic dipeptide are two types of secondary metabolites responsible for the observed activities. The active bacterial isolates belonged primarily to either the genus Bacillus or Halobacillus. The results suggest that Gram-positive marine bacteria are worthy of further investigation for the discovery of quorum sensing antagonists.
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  • 100
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    Stromal biology of pancreatic cancer (2007)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 101 (4). pp. 887-907.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-18
    Description: The genetic paradigm of cancer, focused largely on sequential molecular aberrations and associated biological impact in the neoplastic cell compartment of malignant tumors, has dominated our view of cancer pathogenesis. For the most part, this conceptualization has overlooked the dynamic and complex contributions of the surrounding microenvironment comprised of non-tumor cells (stroma) that may resist, react to, and/or foster tumor development. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease in which a prominent tumor stroma compartment is a defining characteristic. Indeed, the bulk of PDAC tumor volume consists of non-neoplastic fibroblastic, vascular, and inflammatory cells surrounded by immense quantities of extracellular matrix, far exceeding that found in most other tumor types. Remarkably, little is known about the composition and physiology of the PDAC tumor microenvironment, in particular, the role of stroma in tumor initiation and progression. This review attempts to define key challenges, opportunities and state-of-knowledge relating to the PDAC microenvironment research with an emphasis on how inflammatory processes and key cancer pathways may shape the ontogeny of the tumor stroma. Such knowledge may be used to understand the evolution and biology of this lethal cancer and may convert these insights into new points of therapeutic intervention.
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