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  • 1
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Wiley
    Signatur: MOP S 12168
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-07
    Beschreibung: The elemental fluxes and heat flow associated with large aquifer systems can be significant both at local and at regional scales. In fact, large amounts of heat transported by regional groundwater flow can affect the subsurface thermal regime, and the amount of matter discharged towards the surface by large spring systems can be significant relative to the elemental fluxes of surface waters. The Narni-Amelia regional aquifer system (Central Italy) discharges more than 13 m3 sec)1 of groundwater characterised by a slight thermal anomaly, high salinity and high pCO2. During circulation in the regional aquifer, groundwater reacts with the host rocks (dolostones, limestones and evaporites) and mixes with deep CO2-rich fluids of mantle origin. These processes transfer large amounts of dissolved substances, in particular carbon dioxide, and a considerable amount of heat towards the surface. Because practically all the water circulating in the Narni-Amelia system is discharged by few large springs (Stifone-Montoro), the mass and energy balance of these springs can give a good estimation of the mass and heat transported from the entire system towards the surface. By means of a detailed mass and balance of the aquifer and considering the soil CO2 fluxes measured from the main gas emission of the region, we computed a total CO2 discharge of about 7.8 · 109 mol a)1 for the whole Narni-Amelia system. Finally, considering the enthalpy difference between infiltrating water and water discharged by the springs, we computed an advective heat transfer related to groundwater flow of 410 ± 50 MW.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 182-196
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): carbon dioxide degassing ; heat flow ; regional aquifer ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-04-07
    Beschreibung: This paper compares stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) records of early–middle Holocene land snail shells from the archaeological deposits of Grotta di Latronico 3 (LTR3; southern Italy) with modern shell isotopic data. No substantial interspecific variability was observed in shell δ18O (δ18Os) of modern specimens (Pomatias elegans, Cornu aspersum, Eobania vermiculata, Helix ligata and Marmorana fuscolabiata). In contrast, interspecific shell δ13C (δ13Cs) variability was significant, probably due to different feeding behaviour among species. The δ18Os values of living land snails suggest that species hibernate for a long period during colder months, so that the signal of 18O-depleted winter rainfall in their δ18Os is lost. This suggests that δ18Os and δ13Cs values of Pomatias elegans from this archaeological succession provide valuable clues for seasonal (spring–autumn) climatic conditions during the early–middle Holocene. The δ18Os values of fossil specimens are significantly lower than in modern shells and in agreement with other palaeoclimatic records, suggesting a substantial increase of precipitation and/or persistent changes in air mass source trajectories over this region between ca. 8.8 cal ka BP and 6.2–6.7 ka ago. The δ13Cs trend suggests a transition from a slightly 13C-enriched to a 13C-depleted diet between early and middle Holocene compared to present conditions. We postulate that this δ13Cs trend might reflect changes in the C3 vegetation community, potentially combined with other environmental factors such as regional moisture increase and the progressive decrease of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1347-1359
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): central Mediterranean ; archaeological succession ; land snail shells ; stable isotopes ; palaeoclimate ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-21
    Beschreibung: We detail the Kamil crater (Egypt) structure and refine the impact scenario, based on the geological and geophysical data collected during our first expedition in February 2010. Kamil Crater is a model for terrestrial small-scale hypervelocity impact craters. It is an exceptionally well-preserved, simple crater with a diameter of 45 m, depth of 10 m, and rayed pattern of bright ejecta. It occurs in a simple geological context: flat, rocky desert surface, and target rocks comprising subhorizontally layered sandstones. The high depth-to-diameter ratio of the transient crater, its concave, yet asymmetric, bottom, and the fact that Kamil Crater is not part of a crater field confirm that it formed by the impact of a single iron mass (or a tight cluster of fragments) that fragmented upon hypervelocity impact with the ground. The circular crater shape and asymmetries in ejecta and shrapnel distributions coherently indicate a direction of incidence from the NW and an impact angle of approximately 30 to 45 . Newly identified asymmetries, including the off-center bottom of the transient crater floor downrange, maximum overturning of target rocks along the impact direction, and lower crater rim elevation downrange, may be diagnostic of oblique impacts in well-preserved craters. Geomagnetic data reveal no buried individual impactor masses 〉100 kg and suggest that the total mass of the buried shrapnel 〉100 g is approximately 1050–1700 kg. Based on this mass value plus that of shrapnel 〉10 g identified earlier on the surface during systematic search, the new estimate of the minimum projectile mass is approximately 5 t.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1842–1868
    Beschreibung: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Impact craters ; geophysical survey ; iron meteorite ; impact scenario ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-07
    Beschreibung: We present new stratigraphic, palaeomagnetic, 87Sr/86Sr and 40Ar/39Ar data from a lacustrine succession of the Sulmona basin, central Italy, which, according to an early study, included six unconformitybounded lacustrine units (from SUL6, oldest, to SUL1, youngest) spanning the interval 〉600 to 2 ka. The results of the present study, on the one hand confirm some of the previous conclusions, but by contrast reveal that units SUL2 and SUL1, previously attributed to the Holocene, are actually equivalent to the older SUL6 and SUL5 units – here dated to 814–〉530 ka and 530–〈457 ka, respectively – and that the U-series dates previously published for both former SUL2 and SUL1 units yielded abnormally young ages. In light of the present results, a reassessment of the chronology of the Sulmona basin succession and a revision of the tephrostratigraphy of the SUL2/SUL6 and SUL1/SUL5 units is in order.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 545–551
    Beschreibung: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): 40Ar/39Ar dating; central Italy ; Sr isotope composition ; Sulmona lacustrine succession ; Brunhes–Matuyama geomagnetic reversal ; tephrostratigraphy ; U-series dating ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-22
    Beschreibung: In this work, we analyse continuous measurements of microseisms to assess the reliability of the fundamental resonance frequency estimated by means of the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio within the 0.1–1 Hz frequency range, using short-period sensors (natural period of 1 s). We apply the H/V technique to recordings of stations installed in two alluvial basins with different sedimentary cover thicknesses—the Lower Rhine Embayment (Germany) and the Gubbio Plain (Central Italy). The spectral ratios are estimated over the time–frequency domain, and we discuss the reliability of the results considering both the variability of the microseism activity and the amplitude of the instrumental noise. We show that microseisms measured by short period sensors allow the retrieval of fundamental resonance frequencies greater than about 0.1–0.2 Hz, with this lower frequency bound depending on the relative amplitude of themicroseism signal and the self-noise of the instruments. In particular,we show an examplewhere the considered short-period sensor is connected to instruments characterized by an instrumental noise level which allows detecting only fundamental frequencies greater than about 0.4 Hz. Since the frequency at which the peak of the H/V spectral ratio is biased depends upon the seismic signal-to-instrument noise ratio, the power spectral amplitude of instrumental self-noise should be always considered when interpreting the frequency of the peak as the fundamental resonance frequency of the investigated site.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 175-184
    Beschreibung: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): site effects ; fourier analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-14
    Beschreibung: We study the implications of a recently published mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), derived from repeated surface elevation measurements from NASA’s ice cloud and land elevation satellite (ICESat) for the time period between 2003 and 2008. To characterize the effects of this new, high-resolution GrIS mass balance, we study the time-variations of various geophysical quantities in response to the current mass loss. They include vertical uplift and subsidence, geoid height variations, global patterns of sea level change (or fingerprints), and regional sea level variations along the coasts of Greenland. Long-wavelength uplifts and gravity variations in response to current or past ice thickness variations are obtained solving the sea level equation, which accounts for both the elastic and the viscoelastic components of deformation. To capture the short-wavelength components of vertical uplift in response to current ice mass loss, which is not resolved by satellite gravity observations, we have specifically developed a high-resolution regional elastic rebound (ER) model. The elastic component of vertical uplift is combined with estimates of the viscoelastic displacement fields associated with the process of glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA), according to a set of published ice chronologies and associated mantle rheological profiles. We compare the sensitivity of global positioning system (GPS) observations along the coasts of Greenland to the ongoing ER and GIA. In notable contrast with past reports, we show that vertical velocities obtained by GPS data from five stations with sufficiently long records and from one tide gauge at the GrIS margins can be reconciled with model predictions based on the ICE-5G deglaciation model and the ER associated with the new ICESat-derived mass balance.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1457-1474
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Sea level change ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-15
    Beschreibung: We present a time-independent gridded earthquake rate forecast for the European region including Turkey. The spatial component of our model is based on kernel density estimation techniques, which we applied to both past earthquake locations and fault moment release on mapped crustal faults and subduction zone interfaces with assigned slip rates. Our forecast relies on the assumption that the locations of past seismicity is a good guide to future seismicity, and that future large-magnitude events occur more likely in the vicinity of known faults. We show that the optimal weighted sum of the corresponding two spatial densities depends on the magnitude range considered. The kernel bandwidths and density weighting function are optimized using retrospective likelihood-based forecast experiments. We computed earthquake activity rates (a- and b-value) of the truncated Gutenberg–Richter distribution separately for crustal and subduction seismicity based on a maximum likelihood approach that considers the spatial and temporal completeness history of the catalogue. The final annual rate of our forecast is purely driven by the maximum likelihood fit of activity rates to the catalogue data, whereas its spatial component incorporates contributions from both earthquake and fault moment-rate densities. Our model constitutes one branch of the earthquake source model logic tree of the 2013 European seismic hazard model released by the EU-FP7 project ‘Seismic HAzard haRmonization in Europe’ (SHARE) and contributes to the assessment of epistemic uncertainties in earthquake activity rates. We performed retrospective and pseudo-prospective likelihood consistency tests to underline the reliability of our model and SHARE’s area source model (ASM) using the testing algorithms applied in the collaboratory for the study of earthquake predictability (CSEP). We comparatively tested our model’s forecasting skill against the ASM and find a statistically significant better performance for testing periods of 10–20 yr. The testing results suggest that our model is a viable candidate model to serve for long-term forecasting on timescales of years to decades for the European region.
    Beschreibung: EC-Research FP7-projects, SHARE, under grant agreement No. 226967 and NERA, under grant agreement No. 262330
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1159-1172
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Probabilistic forecasting ; Statistical seismology ; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-08
    Beschreibung: We investigated the high frequency attenuation of S-waves in Southeastern Alps and Northern External Dinarides using waveforms from 331 earthquakes (3.0〈 Mw〈 6.5). The spectral decay parameter, k, was computed using 1345 three component high quality records, collected by the Italian Strong Motion Network (RAN) and by the Short-Period Seismometric Network of North-Eastern Italy (NEI) in the period 1976-2007. Weak motion data from 11 stations of the NEI network and strong motion data collected by 5 accelerometers of the RAN were analyzed. The k parameter was estimated in the 0-250 Km distance range, in a frequency band extending from the corner frequency of the event up to 25 or 45 Hz, using the amplitude acceleration Fourier spectra of S-waves. The observed record-to-record variability of k was modeled by applying a generalized inversion procedure, using both parametric and non-parametric approaches. Our results evidence that k is independent on earthquake size, while it shows both site and distance dependence. Stations of the NEI network present the same increase of k with epicentral distance, Re, and show values of the zero-distance k parameter, k0(S), between 0.017 and 0.053 s. For the whole region, the k increase with distance can be described through a linear model with slope dk/dRe = (1.4±0.1)x10^(-4) s/Km. Assuming an average S-wave velocity, 〈Vs〉=3.34 Km/s between 5 and 15 Km depth, we estimate an average frequency independent quality factor, 〈Qi〉=2140, for the corresponding crustal layer. The non-parametric approach evidences a weak positive concavity of the curve that describes the k increase with Re at about 90 Km distance. This result can be approximated through a piecewise linear function with slopes of 1.0x10^(-4) s/Km and 1.7x10^(-4) s/Km, in accordance with a three layers model where moving from the intermediate to the bottom layer both 〈Qi〉 and 〈Vs〉 decrease. Two regional dependences were found: data from earthquakes located westward to the NEI network evidence weaker attenuation properties, probably because of S-wave reflections from different part of the Moho discontinuity under the eastern Po Plain, at about 25-30 Km depth, while earthquakes located eastward (in western Slovenia), where the Moho deepens up to 45-50 Km, evidence a higher attenuation. Moreover, the k estimates obtained with data from earthquakes located in the area of the 1998 (Mw=5.7) and 2004 (Mw=5.2) Kobarid events are 0.017 s higher than the values predicted for the whole region, probably because of the high level of fracturing that characterizes fault zones. The comparison between measured and theoretical values of k, computed at a few stations with available S-wave velocity profiles, reveals that the major contribution to the total k0(S) is due to the sedimentary column (from surface to 800 m depth). The hard rock section contribution is limited to 0.005 s, in accordance with a maximum contribution of 0.010 s predicted by the non-parametric inversion.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1393-1416
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake source observations ; Body waves ; Seismic attenuation ; Site effects ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-22
    Beschreibung: The building materials of the Theatre of Marcellus, 44–11 BCE, reflect Roman builders’ careful selections of tuff and travertine for dimension stone and volcanic aggregates for pozzolanic concretes. The vitric–lithic–crystal Tufo Lionato tuff dimension stone contains a high proportion of lava lithic fragments, which increase its compressive strength and decrease water sorption, enhancing durability. Sophisticated installations of travertine dimension stone reinforce the tuff masonry, which is integrated with durable concrete walls and barrel vaults. The pozzolanic mortars of the concretes contain harenae fossiciae mainly from the intermediate alteration facies of the mid-Pleistocene, scoriaceous Pozzolane Rosse pyroclastic flow. They have pervasive interpenetrating pozzolanic cements, including strätlingite, similar to highquality, imperial era mortars. Concrete walls are faced with refined Tufo Lionato opus reticulatum and tufelli, and opus testaceum of fired, greyish-yellow brick. The exploratory concrete masonry, which includes some of the earliest examples of brick facings and strätlingite cements in Rome, and the integration of these materials in complex architectural elements and internal spaces, reflect the highly skilled workmanship, rigorous work-site management and technical supervision of Roman builders trained in republican era methods and materials.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 728–742
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): VOLCANIC TUFF MASONRY ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-07
    Beschreibung: We present a high-resolution palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic study of two cores, MS06 and MS06-SW (6.7 and 1.1 m long, respectively), collected at 72 m below sea level in the Augusta Bay shelf (Eastern Sicily, Ionian Sea, Italy) about 2.3 kmfrom the coastline. Geophysical surveying carried out in the sampling area highlighted the presence of a homogeneous sedimentary sequence that most likely was deposited after the Last Glacial Maximum and was not affected by anthropogenic disturbances. The two cores penetrated a monotonous mud sedimentary sequence, interrupted at ∼3 m depth by a 3–4-cm-thick volcanic sandy layer that is correlated with the tephra fallout deposit produced by the 122 BC plinian eruption of Mt Etna. This tephra, along with radiocarbon dating of nine marine shells and with radioactive tracers for the uppermost 0.3 m (210Pb and 137Cs), provide the chronological constraints for the stratigraphic sequence that resulted younger than 4500 yr BP. Palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic data show that the sample sequence is magnetically homogeneous. A single peak of high magnetic mineral concentration is present and corresponds to the volcanic sandy layer. Palaeomagnetic data allowed the identification of a well-defined characteristic remanent magnetization that provides a high-resolution record of palaeosecular variation (PSV) at the sampling site. The reconstructed PSV curve is in good agreement with the available regional reference PSV curves and with the prediction from recent PSV modelling for Europe. The palaeomagnetic data obtained in this study on the one hand support and refine the age model for the cores, derived from other independent constraints, and on the other hand provide an original high-resolution PSV curve that can serve as a reference for the central Mediterranean over the last 4 ka.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 191 - 202
    Beschreibung: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Palaeointensity ; Palaeomagnetic secular variation ; Marine magnetics and palaeomagnetics ; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-15
    Beschreibung: Seismogram envelopes recorded at Campi Flegrei caldera show diffusive characteristics as well as steep amplitude increases in the intermediate and late coda, which can be related to the presence of a non-uniformly scattering medium. In this paper, we first show the results of a simulation with a statistical model considering anisotropic scattering interactions, in order to match coda-envelope duration and shape.We consider as realistic parameters for a volcanic caldera the presence of large square root velocity fluctuations (10 per cent) and two typical correlation lengths for such an heterogeneous crust, a = 0.1 and 1 km. Then, we propose the inclusion of a diffusive boundary condition in the stochastic description of multiple scattering, in order to model intermediate and late coda intensities, and particularly the sharp intensity peaks at some stations in the caldera. Finally, we show that a reliable 2-D synthetic model of the envelopes produced by earthquakes vertically sampling a small region can be obtained including a single drastic change of the scattering properties of the volcano, that is, a caldera rim of radius 3 km, and sections varying between 2 and 3 km. These boundary conditions are diffusive, which signifies that the rim must have more scattering potential than the rest of the medium, with its diffusivity 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than the one of the background medium, so that the secondary sources on its interface(s) could enhance coda intensities. We achieve a good first-order model of high-frequency (18 Hz) envelope broadening adding to the Monte Carlo solution for the incident flux the secondary source effects produced by a closed annular boundary, designed on the caldera rim signature at 1.5 km depth. At lower frequencies (3 Hz) the annular boundary controls the intermediate and late coda envelope behaviour, in a way similar to an extended diffusive source. In our interpretation, the anomalous intensities observed at several stations and predicted by the final Monte Carlo solutions are mainly due to the diffusive transmission reflection from a scattering object of increased scattering power, and are controlled by its varying thickness.
    Beschreibung: This work was carried out under the HPC-Europa2 project (project number: 228398) with the support of the European Commission Capacities Area-Research Infrastructures Initiative. We thank the whole staff at EPCC (Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre) in Edinburgh and particularly Dr. Adam Carter for their help in both developing and parallelizing the code. The challenging comments and suggestions of the editor and two anonymous reviewers helped both in focusing the aim and in overcoming the strong limits of a previous version of the paper.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1102–1119
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Numerical solutions; ; Seismic anisotropy; ; Seismic attenuation ; Seismic tomography ; Wave scattering and diffraction ; Calderas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
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    Unbekannt
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-20
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-05
    Beschreibung: In this study MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua retrievals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 555 nm are compared to sun-photometer measurements from Svalbard for a period of 9 years. For the 642 daily coincident measurements that were obtained, MODIS AOT generally varies within the predicted uncertainty of the retrieval over ocean (ΔAOT = ±0.03 ± 0.05 · AOT). The results from the remote sensing have been used to examine the accuracy in estimates of aerosol optical properties in the Arctic, generated by global climate models and from in-situ measurements at the Zeppelin station, Svalbard. AOT simulated with the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1-M)/ CAM4-Oslo global climate model does not reproduce the observed seasonal variability of the Arctic aerosol. The model overestimates clear-sky AOT by nearly a factor of 2 for the background summer season, while tending to underestimate the values in the spring season. Furthermore, large differences in all-sky AOT of up to one order of magnitude are found for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model ensemble for the spring and summer seasons. Large differences between satellite/ground-based remote sensing of AOT and AOT estimated from dry and humidified scattering coefficients are found for the subarctic marine boundary layer in summer.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-25
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-27
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-08
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-16
    Beschreibung: Organisms in all domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya will respond to climate change with differential vulnerabilities resulting in shifts in species distribution, coexistence, and interactions. The identification of unifying principles of organism functioning across all domains would facilitate a cause and effect understanding of such changes and their implications for ecosystem shifts. For example, the functional specialization of all organisms in limited temperature ranges leads us to ask for unifying functional reasons. Organisms also specialize in either anoxic or various oxygen ranges, with animals and plants depending on high oxygen levels. Here, we identify thermal ranges, heat limits of growth, and critically low (hypoxic) oxygen concentrations as proxies of tolerance in a meta-analysis of data available for marine organisms, with special reference to domain-specific limits. For an explanation of the patterns and differences observed, we define and quantify a proxy for organismic complexity across species from all domains. Rising complexity causes heat (and hypoxia) tolerances to decrease from Archaea to Bacteria to uni- and then multicellular Eukarya. Within and across domains, taxon-specific tolerance limits likely reflect ultimate evolutionary limits of its species to acclimatization and adaptation. We hypothesize that rising taxon-specific complexities in structure and function constrain organisms to narrower environmental ranges. Low complexity as in Archaea and some Bacteria provide life options in extreme environments. In the warmest oceans, temperature maxima reach and will surpass the permanent limits to the existence of multicellular animals, plants and unicellular phytoplankter. Smaller, less complex unicellular Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea will thus benefit and predominate even more in a future, warmer, and hypoxic ocean.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 20
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-01
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 21
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-30
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 22
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, 4(16), pp. 3147-3161, ISSN: 2045-7758
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-24
    Beschreibung: Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, a dominant diatom species throughout the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, is coined to be one of the main drivers of the biological silicate pump. Here, we study the distribution of this important species and expected consequences of climate change upon it, using correlative species distribution modeling and publicly available presence-only data. As experience with SDM is scarce for marine phytoplankton, this also serves as a pilot study for this organism group. Southern Ocean. We used the maximum entropy method to calculate distribution models for the diatom F. kerguelensis based on yearly and monthly environmental data (sea surface temperature, salinity, nitrate and silicate concentrations). Observation data were harvested from GBIF and the Global Diatom Database, and for further analyses also from the Hustedt Diatom Collection (BRM). The models were projected on current yearly and seasonal environmental data to study current distribution and its seasonality. Furthermore, we projected the seasonal model on future environmental data obtained from climate models for the year 2100. Projected on current yearly averaged environmental data, all models showed similar distribution patterns for F. kerguelensis. The monthly model showed seasonality, for example, a shift of the southern distribution boundary toward the north in the winter. Projections on future scenarios resulted in a moderately to negligibly shrinking distribution area and a change in seasonality. We found a substantial bias in the publicly available observation datasets, which could be reduced by additional observation records we obtained from the Hustedt Diatom Collection. Present day distribution patterns inferred from the models coincided well with background knowledge and previous reports about F. kerguelensis distribution, showing that maximum entropy-based distribution models are suitable to map distribution patterns for oceanic planktonic organisms. Our scenario projections indicate moderate effects of climate change upon the biogeography of F. kerguelensis.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-21
    Beschreibung: Eulimnogammarus verrucosus is an amphipod endemic to the unique ecosystem of Lake Baikal and serves as an emerging model in ecotoxicological studies. We report here on a survey sequencing of its genome as a first step to establish sequence resources for this species. From a single lane of paired-end sequencing data, we estimated the genome size as nearly 10 Gb and we obtained an overview of the repeat content. At least two-thirds of the genome are non-unique DNA, and a third of the genomic DNA is composed of just five families of repetitive elements, including low-complexity sequences. Attempts to use off-the-shelf assembly tools failed on the available low-coverage data both before and after removal of highly repetitive components. Using a seed-based approach we nevertheless assembled short contigs covering 33 pre-microRNAs and the homeodomain-containing exon of nine Hox genes. The absence of clear evidence for paralogs implies that a genome duplication did not contribute to the large genome size. We furthermore report the assembly of the mitochondrial genome using a new, guided “crystallization” procedure. The initial results presented here set the stage for a more complete sequencing and analysis of this large genome.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 24
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-19
    Beschreibung: In this study latent heat flux (λE) measurements made at 65 boreal and arctic eddy-covariance (EC) sites were analyses by using the Penman–Monteith equation. Sites were stratified into nine different ecosystem types: harvested and burnt forest areas, pine forests, spruce or fir forests, Douglas-fir forests, broadleaf deciduous forests, larch forests, wetlands, tundra and natural grasslands. The Penman–Monteith equation was calibrated with variable surface resistances against half-hourly eddy-covariance data and clear differences between ecosystem types were observed. Based on the modeled behavior of surface and aerodynamic resistances, surface resistance tightly control λE in most mature forests, while it had less importance in ecosystems having shorter vegetation like young or recently harvested forests, grasslands, wetlands and tundra. The parameters of the Penman–Monteith equation were clearly different for winter and summer conditions, indicating that phenological effects on surface resistance are important. We also compared the simulated λE of different ecosystem types under meteorological conditions at one site. Values of λE varied between 15% and 38% of the net radiation in the simulations with mean ecosystem parameters. In general, the simulations suggest that λE is higher from forested ecosystems than from grasslands, wetlands or tundra-type ecosystems. Forests showed usually a tighter stomatal control of λE as indicated by a pronounced sensitivity of surface resistance to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. Nevertheless, the surface resistance of forests was lower than for open vegetation types including wetlands. Tundra and wetlands had higher surface resistances, which were less sensitive to vapor pressure deficits. The results indicate that the variation in surface resistance within and between different vegetation types might play a significant role in energy exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere. These results suggest the need to take into account vegetation type and phenology in energy exchange modeling.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-31
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-16
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 28
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-10
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 29
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-06
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 30
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-05
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 31
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-06
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 32
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-01
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 33
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-23
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 34
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-02
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 35
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-04
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 36
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-19
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 37
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-15
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 38
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-13
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 39
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-19
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    Format: application/zip
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  • 40
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-24
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/zip
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  • 41
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-07
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/zip
    Format: application/zip
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  • 42
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-25
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 43
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-19
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 44
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-28
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/zip
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  • 45
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 41(17), pp. 6252-6258, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Beschreibung: The transient response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to a deglacial ice-sheet retreat is studied using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3), with a focus on orographic effects rather than meltwater discharge. It is found that the AMOC weakens significantly (41%) in response to the deglacial ice-sheet retreat. The AMOC weakening follows the decrease of the Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet volume linearly, with no evidence of abrupt thresholds. A wind-driven mechanism is proposed to explain the weakening of the AMOC: lowering the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets induces a northward shift of the westerlies, which causes a rapid eastward sea-ice transport and expanded sea-ice cover over the subpolar North Atlantic; this expanded sea ice insulates the ocean from heat loss and leads to suppressed deep convection and a weakened AMOC. A sea ice-ocean positive feedback could be further established between the AMOC decrease and sea-ice expansion.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , peerRev
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  • 46
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-07
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/zip
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Beschreibung: The impact of assimilating sea ice thickness data derived from ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite together with Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) sea ice concentration data of the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in a coupled sea ice-ocean model is examined. A period of 3 months from 1 November 2011 to 31 January 2012 is selected to assess the forecast skill of the assimilation system. The 24 h forecasts and longer forecasts are based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm), and the assimilation is performed by a localized Singular Evolutive Interpolated Kalman (LSEIK) filter. For comparison, the assimilation is repeated only with the SSMIS sea ice concentrations. By running two different assimilation experiments, and comparing with the unassimilated model, independent satellite-derived data, and in situ observation, it is shown that the SMOS ice thickness assimilation leads to improved thickness forecasts. With SMOS thickness data, the sea ice concentration forecasts also agree better with observations, although this improvement is smaller.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 48
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-13
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 49
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-10
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.google-earth.kmz
    Format: application/vnd.google-earth.kmz
    Format: application/vnd.google-earth.kmz
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  • 50
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-02
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 51
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-07-18
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 52
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-29
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 53
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-30
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 54
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-06
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 55
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 56
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 57
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/plain
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  • 58
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 59
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-12
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 60
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-12
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 61
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3The Ocean Floor : Bruce Heezen commemorative volume, (A Wiley-Interscience publication), Chichester, Wiley, pp. 147-163, ISBN: 0-471-10091-9
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-12
    Beschreibung: The sedimentation regime off Northwest Africa is shaped by: (1) structur~al factors. which result in generallv low relief on land. shelf widths between 40 and more than 120 km. and av-erage sfope inclinations between 10 30' and 30; (2) land climates. which contral the delivery of terrigenous particles to the margin: (3) water movements including boundary currents and upwelling; and (4) the post- Pleistocene sea level rise. This chapter combines published and new results arising from research into the sedimentation processes off Northwest Africa. and emphasizes particularly the activities of the Kiel marine geological group during the past few years. Reviews of cruise activities and results were given in Closs et al. (1969) (Meteor cruise 8. 1967. off Morocco) . Seibold (1972) (Meteor cmise 25 . 1971. off Sahara to Central Senegal). Seibold and Hinz (1976) (Meteor cmise 39,1975 . and Valdivia cruise 10. 1975, from Morocco to South Senegal), and Waiden et al. (1974) (Meteor cmise 30, 1973, off Sierra Leone). Some of these cmises were used for pre- or post-site surveys for the Deep-Sea Drilling Project, or to add undisturbed Quaternary cores to the Glomar Challenger cores (leg 41, ] 975; Lancelot, et al .• 1978); leg 47 A, Arthur er al .• 1979; Lutze et al., 1979). We have concentrated our geological investigations on a number of standard profiles from the shelf to the upper continental rise as given in Figure 1. The manuscript was finished May 1979.
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  • 62
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-15
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  • 63
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, Wiley, 119(7), pp. 5275-5289, ISSN: 2169-9356
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-18
    Beschreibung: A new seismostratigraphic model has been established within the Arctic Ocean adjacent to the East Siberian Shelf on the basis of multichannel seismic reflection data acquired along a transect at 81°N. Ages for the sedimentary units were estimated via links to seismic lines and drill site data of the US Chukchi Shelf, the Lomonosov Ridge, and the adjacent Laptev Shelf. Two distinct seismic units were mapped throughout the area and are the constraints for dating the remaining strata. The lower marker unit, a pronounced high-amplitude reflector sequence (HARS), is the most striking stratigraphic feature over large parts of the Arctic Ocean. It indicates a strong and widespread change in deposition conditions. Probably, it developed during Oligocene times when a reorientation of Arctic Plates took place, accompanied by the gradual opening of the Fram Strait, and a widespread regression of sea level. The top of the HARS likely marks the end of Oligocene/early Miocene (23Ma). An age estimate for the base of the sequence is less clear but likely corresponds to base of Eocene (˜56Ma). The second marked unit detected on the seismic lines parallels the seafloor with a thickness of about 200ms two-way travel time (160 m). Its base is marked by a change from a partly transparent sequence with weak amplitude reflections below to a set of continuous high-amplitude reflectors above. This interface likely marks the transition to large-scale glaciation of the northern hemisphere and therefore is ascribed to the top Miocene (5.3 Ma).
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  • 64
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-02
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 65
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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  • 66
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    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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  • 67
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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  • 70
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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  • 71
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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  • 73
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-31
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 74
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 75
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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  • 76
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 77
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 32(L10618), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-07
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  • 78
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-07
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 79
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-13
    Beschreibung: This appendix details all the technical protocols used at LIENSs Stable Isotope Facility (LIENSs SIF) for stable isotope analysis of various sample types. Sampling strategies and methodologies depend on research objectives, sampling sites and sampled organisms or materials. As such they are under the responsability of the researcher and are thus not described here. Besides sample preparation protocols, this appendix concerns also sample encapsulation and sample submission to our laboratory. This appendix is focused on C & N analyses. However, a large part of it can be applied to other isotopes or other matrices which specificities are (or will be) given in additional appendices.
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  • 80
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-12
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  • 81
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-12
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  • 82
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-11
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  • 83
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-11
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  • 84
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-27
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  • 85
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-11
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  • 86
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-18
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  • 87
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, Wiley, 118(4), pp. 2546-2556, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-15
    Beschreibung: The roughness of a glacier bed has high importance for the estimation of the sliding velocity and can also provide valuable insights into the dynamics and history of ice sheets, depending on scale. Measurement of basal properties in present-day ice sheets is restricted to ground-penetrating radar and seismics, with surveys retrieving relatively coarse data sets. Deglaciated areas, like the Barents Sea, can be surveyed by shipborne 2-D and 3-D seismics and multibeam sonar and provide the possibility of studying the basal roughness of former ice sheets and ice streams with high resolution. Here, for the first time, we quantify the subglacial roughness of the former Barents Sea ice sheet by estimating the spectral roughness of the basal topography. We also make deductions about the past flow directions by investigating how the roughness varies along a 2-D line as the orientation of the line changes. Lastly, we investigate how the estimated basal roughness is affected by the resolution of the basal topography data set by comparing the spectral roughness along a cross section using various sampling intervals. We find that the roughness typically varies on a similar scale as for other previously marine-inundated areas in West Antarctica, with subglacial troughs having very low roughness, consistent with fast ice flow and high rates of basal erosion. The resolution of the data set seems to be of minor importance when comparing roughness indices calculated with a fixed profile length. A strong dependence on track orientation is shown for all wavelengths, with profiles having higher roughness across former flow directions than along them.
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-16
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  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-26
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-08-05
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  • 91
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-03
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  • 92
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-30
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-23
    Beschreibung: Aim Fossil pollen spectra from lake sediments in central and western Mongolia have been used to interpret past climatic variations, but hitherto no suitable modern pollen–climate calibration set has been available to infer past climate changes quantitatively. We established such a modern pollen dataset and used it to develop a transfer function model that we applied to a fossil pollen record in order to investigate: (1) whether there was a significant moisture response to the Younger Dryas event in north-western Mongolia; and (2) whether the early Holocene was characterized by dry or wet climatic conditions. Location Central and western Mongolia. Methods We analysed pollen data from surface sediments from 90 lakes. A transfer function for mean annual precipitation (Pann) was developed with weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS) and applied to a fossil pollen record from Lake Bayan Nuur (49.98° N, 93.95° E, 932 m a.s.l.). Statistical approaches were used to investigate the modern pollen–climate relationships and assess model performance and reconstruction output. Results Redundancy analysis shows that the modern pollen spectra are characteristic of their respective vegetation types and local climate. Spatial autocorrelation and significance tests of environmental variables show that the WA-PLS model for Pann is the most valid function for our dataset, and possesses the lowest root mean squared error of prediction. Main conclusions Precipitation is the most important predictor of pollen and vegetation distributions in our study area. Our quantitative climate reconstruction indicates a dry Younger Dryas, a relatively dry early Holocene, a wet mid-Holocene and a dry late Holocene.
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  • 94
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, Wiley, 115, pp. F04032, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-14
    Beschreibung: Recent advances in three‐dimensional (3D) imaging of snow and firn combined with numerical modeling of flow through complex geometries have greatly improved the ability to predict permeability values based on microstructure. In this work, we combined 3D reconstructions of polar firn microstructure obtained from microcomputed tomography (mCT) and a 3D lattice‐Boltzmann (LB) model of air flow. We compared the modeled results to measurements of permeability for polar firn with a wide range of grain and pore‐scale characteristics. The results show good agreement between permeability measurements and calculated permeability values from the LB model over a wide range of sample types. The LB model is better at predicting measured permeability values than traditional empirical equations for polar firn.
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  • 95
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 41(4), pp. 1209-1215, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-15
    Beschreibung: Ice shelves play an important role in stabilizing the interior grounded ice of the large ice sheets. The thinning of major ice shelves observed in recent years, possibly in connection to warmer ocean waters coming into contact with the ice-shelf base, has focused attention on the ice-ocean interface. Here we reveal a complex network of sub ice-shelf channels under the Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica, mapped using ground-penetrating radar over a 100 km2 grid. The channels are 300–500 m wide and 50 m high, among the narrowest of any reported. Observing narrow channels beneath an ice shelf that is mainly surrounded by cold ocean waters, with temperatures close to the surface freezing point, shows that channelized basal melting is not restricted to rapidly melting ice shelves, indicating that spatial melt patterns around Antarctica are likely to vary on scales that are not yet incorporated in ice-ocean models.
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-18
    Beschreibung: From a synthesis of recent oceanic observations and paleo-data it is evident that certain species of giant diatoms including Rhizosolenia spp. Thalassiothrix spp. and Ethmodiscus rex may become concentrated at oceanic frontal zones and subsequently form episodes of mass flux to the sediment. Within the nutrient bearing waters advecting towards frontal boundaries, these species are generally not dominant, but they appear selectively segregated at fronts, and thus may dominate the export flux. Ancient Thalassiothrix diatom mat deposits in the eastern equatorial Pacific and beneath the Polar Front in the Southern Ocean record the highest open ocean sedimentation rates ever documented and represent vast sinks of silica and carbon. Several of the species involved are adapted to a stratified water column and may thrive in Deep Chlorophyll Maxima. Thus in oceanic regions and/or at times prone to enhanced surface water stratification (e.g., during meltwater pulses) they provide a mechanism for generating substantial biomass at depth and its subsequent export with concomitant implications for Si export and C drawdown. This ecology has important implications for ocean biogeochemical models suggesting that more than one diatom “functional type” should be used. In spite of the importance of these giant diatoms for biogeochemical cycling, their large size coupled with the constraints of conventional oceanographic survey schemes and techniques means that they are undersampled. An improved insight into these key species will be an important prerequisite for enhancing our understanding of marine biogeochemical cycling and for assessing the impacts of climate change on ocean export production.
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  • 97
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-02
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 98
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 99
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Wiley, 119(10), pp. 6743-6762, ISSN: 2169-9291
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-27
    Beschreibung: Over the polar oceans, near-surface atmospheric transport of momentum is strongly influenced by sea-ice surface topography. The latter is analyzed on the basis of laser altimeter data obtained during airborne campaigns between 1995 and 2011 over more than 10,000 km of flight distance in different regions of the Arctic Ocean. Spectra of height and spacing between topographic features averaged over 10 km flight sections show that typical values are 0.45 m for the mean height and about 20 m for the mean spacing. Nevertheless, the variability is high and the spatial variability is stronger than the temporal one. The total topography spectrum is divided into a range with small obstacles (between 0.2 m and 0.8 m height) and large obstacles (≥0.8 m). Results show that large pressure ridges represent the dominant topographic feature only along the coast of Greenland. In the Central Arctic, the concentration of large ridges decreased over the years, accompanied by an increase of small obstacles concentration and this might be related to decreasing multiyear ice. The application of a topography-dependent parameterization of neutral atmospheric drag coefficients reflects the large variability in the sea-ice topography and reveals characteristic differences between the regions. Based on the analysis of the two spectral ranges, we find that the consideration of only large pressure ridges is not enough to characterize the roughness degree of an ice field, and the values of drag coefficients are in most regions strongly influenced by small obstacles.
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  • 100
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-12
    Beschreibung: Paper in Open Access related to EDP data sets
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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