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  • Chromatographie, Dünnschicht  (138)
  • Neurosecretion  (85)
  • Springer  (223)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Wiley
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1975-1979  (123)
  • 1970-1974  (100)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (223)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Wiley
Years
Year
  • 101
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 447-449 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Gramicidin ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Bespr. mit Dimethylaminobenzaldehyd
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Gramicidin kann in Tyrothricin-Reinprodukten und Fermentationsbreiextrakten mit quantitativer Hochleistungs-Dünnschicht-Chromatographie rasch bestimmt werden. Die Sichtbarmachung der Substanzflecken erfolgt durch mechanisierte Besprühung mit 4-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyd. Bei on-line-Auswertung über einen Computer beträgt der Zeitaufwand für eine Bestimmung 9 min, die Standardfehler der Mittelwerte (N = 10, 95 % statistische Sicherheit) liegen zwischen 2,0 und 2,7 %. Mit mikrobiologisch ermittelten Werten besteht hohe Korrelation.
    Notes: Abstract Gramicidin can be determined rapidly in tyrothricin pure products and in fermentation broth extracts by quantitative high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The spots are visualized by mechanized spraying with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. With on-line computer evaluation one determination requires 9 min. The 95 % confidence limits are 2.0–2.7% (N = 10). There is a high correlation with microbiological results.
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  • 102
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    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 477-484 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory cells ; Oncopeltus fasciatus ; Neurosecretion ; Neurophysin ; Aldehyde fuchsin ; Alcian blue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dynamics of the “A” cells of the parsintercerebralis of Oncopeltus fasciatus over the first eight days of adult life was studied by microspectrophotometry of sections stained either with aldehyde fuchsin or alcian blue 8 GX. The data show that the two stains differ in their selectivity as they record different events in the history of the cells. A hypothesis is proposed that the aldehyde fuchsin is more sensitive to the presence of a “carrier” protein in the cell, whereas alcian blue 8 GX is more sensitive to the presence of the “active principle” in the cell.
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  • 103
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretion ; Neurophysin ; Neurohypophysia hormones ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron-microscope autoradiographs have been prepared from the neural lobes of the pituitary glands of rats which had received intracisternal injections of [35S] cysteine at various times before gland removal. The rate of appearance and disappearance of autoradiographically demonstrable radioactivity in the neural lobe closely paralleled that previously determined, biochemically, for radioactive hormones and neurophysins. Radioactivity was appreciably associated with the undilated parts of neurosecretory axons only during the first few hours after injection of the label. The axonal dilations were subdivided into those in which small vesicles could be seen (“endings”) and those in which no small vesicles could be seen (“swellings”). Radioactivity appeared first in “endings” and then in progressively larger and larger profiles of “swellings”. It appeared that newly arrived granules were found close to the limiting membrane of the nerve swelling and that as time progressed they moved deeper and deeper into the swelling. On the basis of the results, suggestions were made for an anatomical explanation of the readily-releasable pool of hormone which has been demonstrated pharmacologically.
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  • 104
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Osmotic stress ; Serum corticoid levels ; Catecholamine depletion ; Anas platyrhynchos (Aves)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of depleting brain catecholamines with a combined treatment of reserpine and α-methyl-p-tyrosine on serum corticosterone levels and release of immunoreactive neurophysin from the median eminence, in osmotically stressed and unstressed mallard ducks, were studied. Corticoid levels in salt loaded birds were more than three times that of unstressed birds. The combined treatment of reserpine and α-methyl-p-tyrosine significantly decreased the concentration of brain monoamines in all experimental groups and raised serum corticoid levels in non-stressed birds to the same level found in the osmotically stressed animals. Immunoreactive neurophysin in the zona externa of the median eminence was depleted in all birds subjected to either osmotic stress and/or reserpine treatment but not in unstressed control birds. These preliminary data indicate that catecholamines may exert an inhibitory influence on both ACTH release from the anterior pituitary and neurophysin from the median eminence and that these two events may in some way be interrelated in the duck.
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  • 105
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    Cell & tissue research 165 (1975), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Sinus gland ; Eyestalk ; Ultrastructure ; Uca
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the sinus gland of the fiddler crab, Uca pugnax, was investigated and found to be similar to that in other crustaceans. Five types of neurosecretory axon terminals were tentatively identified on the basis of the size, shape, and electron density of granules within the axons. Release of neuro-secretory material appears to be by exocytosis.
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  • 106
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 276 (1975), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Methylolaminen, Melaminharzen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Celluloseschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Identifizierung der Komponenten in einem Methylolmelamin-Gemisch mittels Dünnschicht-Chromatographie wurde möglich, nachdem die einzelnen Methylolmelamine (Mono-, Di-, Tri-, Tetra-, Penta- und Hexamethylolmelamin) rein dargestellt werden konnten. Aus der zweidimensionalen dünnschichtchromatographischen Entwicklung des Methylolmelamin-Gemisches folgt, daß während der Dauer der Entwicklung keine Änderung der Zusammensetzung des Methylolmelamin-Gemisches stattfindet. Die Chromatographie wurde auf Celluloseschichten mit Butanol/Äthanol/Wasser (4∶1∶2) als Fließmittel und ammoniakalkalischer Silbernitratlösung als Nachweisreagens durchgeführt.
    Notes: Abstract Identification of the components in a methylolmelamine mixture by thin-layer chromatography was facilitated after obtaining each of the individual methylolmelamines (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexamethylolmelamine). By the use of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography it was noted that no change in the composition of the mixture takes place during the time of Chromatographic development. Separation was achieved on cellulose layers using butanol/ethanol/water (4∶1∶2) as solvent and ammonia-alkaline AgNO3 solution as detection reagent.
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  • 107
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 277 (1975), S. 105-110 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Auswertung über die Kubelka-Munk-Funktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine quantitative Auswertung von Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammen über die Kubelka-Munk-Funktion wird beschrieben. Die mathematische Ableitung erfolgt über zwei Ansätze: Differentialgleichung und hyperbolisch-trigonometrische Funktionen. Es zeigt sich, daß beim Zweiwellenlängen-Densitometer die Bestimmung absoluter Remissionswerte entfällt, und das erhaltene Meßsignal mit geringem Aufwand linearisiert werden kann. Die Auswertung erfolgt über die Peakhöhe, ermittelt durch Zig-Zag-Scantechnik (Shimadzu CS 900). Meß- und Vergleichswellenlänge sollen dicht beieinander liegen, um ähnliche Streukoeffizienten zu erhalten. Vermessen wird Coffein im Bereich von 0,25–20 μg, in dem die Linearisierung noch einwandfrei arbeitet. Der Fehler liegt als relative Standardabweichung bei 1,9% (c=4–20μg,n=15) bzw. 2,7% (c=0,25–2 μg,n=22).
    Notes: Abstract The mathematical derivation is given by two different statements: differential equation and hyperbolic-trigonometric functions. It is shown that measurement of absolute values of remission is inapplicable. The signal is easily to be linearized. The evaluation is given by the maximum peak value obtained by the zig-zag scan technique (Shimadzu CS 900). To get similar scatter values sample and reference wave-length should be tuned as close as possible. Caffeine is measured from 0.25 to 20 μg. In this range the linearizer works unobjectionably and the error as relative standard deviation is in the order of 1.9% (4–20 μg,n=15) and 2.7% (0.25–2 μg,n=22), respectively.
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  • 108
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 277 (1975), S. 126-126 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Anorgan. Ionen als Xanthate ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 109
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 277 (1975), S. 208-208 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Diphenylpyralin im Urin ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; UV-Bestimmung, N-Oxid und Desmethylderivat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 110
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 273 (1975), S. 7-9 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Coffein, Phenacetin ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Spektralphotometrie ; Kopplung mit Tischrechner
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel der Bestimmung von Phenacetin und Coffein im pharmazeutisch verwendeten Mengenverhältnis wird die quantitative in situ-Auswertung eines Zweikomponentensystems im on line-Betrieb: Densitometer—Integrator—Tischrechner beschrieben. Die Eichgerade wird für beide Substanzen auf jeder Platte gesondert bestimmt. Durch eine Einschränkung des Konzentrationsbereichs auf obere und untere Toleranzgrenze ergeben sich Vereinfachungen der Ausgleichsrechnungen. Die erzielten Genauigkeiten liegen bei 2 Analysen pro Platte bei 1,51% (Phenacetin) und 2,56% (Coffein) bzw. bei 4 Analysen pro Platte bei 1,50% (Phenacetin) und 2,64% (Coffein) (rel. gen. Standardabweichung, n=18 bzw. n=36).
    Notes: Abstract A TLC method for the determination of phenacetin and caffeine in pharmaceutical preparations using a densitometer in line with an integrator and electronic desk calculator is described. The calibration curves of each compound were prepared where the higher and lower tolerance concentration levels were defined. The accuracy of the method is 1.51% (phenacetin) and 2.56% (caffeine) for two experiments carried out on each plate; 1.50% (phenacetin) and 2.64% (caffeine) for four experiments for each plate (relative standard deviation, n=18 and n=36, respectively).
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  • 111
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 273 (1975), S. 127-128 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Triterpenen in Pflanzen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; densitometrisch, pentacyclische Verb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 112
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 30-30 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Aufklärung von Morphinabbauprodukten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 113
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; automatisches Auftragegerät, strich- und kreisförmige Flecke
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein Gerät zur automatischen Auftragung von kreisoder strichförmigen Flecken auf Dünnschicht-Platten entwickelt. 8 oder mehr gleiche Volumina verschiedener Konzentration werden in vorzuwählender Zeit auf die Schicht gebracht. Dadurch erhält man reproduzierbare Flecke, die nach dem Chromatographieren direkt auf der Schicht in Remission oder Transmission gemessen werden. Konzentrationen von Komponenten in Gemischen lassen sich mit einem relativen Fehler von 2–3,5% bestimmen. Der Zeitaufwand beträgt 5–10 min.
    Notes: Abstract An automatic device for the application of spots or bands on TLC plates has been constructed. 8 or more equal volumes of different concentrations are applied to the TLC plate in preselected time. Reproducible spots or bands are obtained, which are measured by remission or transmission directly on the plate after chromatography. Concentrations of components in mixtures can be evaluated with a relative error of 2–3.5%. The time required is 5–10 min.
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  • 114
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 257-264 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Katalytische Dehydrierung ; Ultramikrobereich, Apparatur, TAS-Verfahren ; Thermofraktographie/TAS-Verfahren/Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Dehydrierung, Ultramikrobereich ; Analyse von Sesquiterpenderivaten, Terpenoiden, Steroiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; katalyt ; Dehydrierung, TAS-Verfahren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die direkte Kopplung einer katalytischen Dehydrierung mit der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie wird beschrieben. Die Reaktion erfolgt nach dem Prinzip der Gasphasendehydrierung durch schubweises Einspritzen der Lösung der zu dehydrierenden Verbindung in die z. B. mit Palladium-Bariumsulfat-Katalysator versehene TAS-Patrone. Die Einwaagen liegen im Bereich von 20–100 μg und die Reaktionstemperaturen je nach Verbindung zwischen 200 und 400°C. Die Reaktionsprodukte werden durch die Lösungsmitteldämpfe zur Schicht transferiert. Anschließend wird chromatographiert und die Reaktionsprodukte identifiziert. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden Sesquiterpenkohlenwasserstoffe und -alkohole, Sesquiterpenoide des Eudesmantyps, Abietinsäure und Steroide dehydriert.
    Notes: Abstract Direct coupling of a catalytic dehydrogenation to TLC is described. The reaction takes place according to the principle of gas phase dehydrogenation by injecting the solution of the compound to be dehydrogenized in batches into the TAS-cartridge, loaded with e.g. palladium-barium sulphate catalyst. Sample size are in the range of 20–100 μg and the reaction temperatures, depending on the compound, is between 200 and 400°C. The reaction products are carried by the solvent vapours to the thin-layer and subsequently chromatographed and identified. In given examples the dehydrogenation is applied to sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and alcohols, sesquiterpenoids of the eudesman type, abietic acid and steroids.
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  • 115
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 300-300 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nicotin, Cotinin, Nicotin-N-oxid in Harn ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 116
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 381-381 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Wasserstoffperoxid ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 117
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 28-28 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Organ. Verbindungen, stickstoffhaltig ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Chlorierungsreaktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 118
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 29-29 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Phenolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 119
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 30-30 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Sterigmatocystin ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Grauskala
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  • 120
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 201-202 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Pesticiden, Carbamaten, Phenylharnstoffen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Schicht aus basischem Zinkcarbonat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dünnschichten von basischem Zinkcarbonat eignen sich zur Trennung und multiplen Identifizierung von Herbiciden und Insecticiden aus den Wirkstoffgruppen der Carbamate und Phenylharnstoffderivate. Fünf Wirkstoffe, die für die Praxis große Bedeutung haben, konnten mit Hilfe der eindimensionalen Dünnschicht-Chromatographie getrennt werden. Die beste Trennung erhielten wir mit folgenden Laufmitteln: a) Benzol, b) einer Mischung aus Benzol/Petroläther/Chloroform (6∶1∶1). Die Substanzen sind entweder im kurzwelligen UV-Licht bei Indicatorzusatz, oder nach dem Sprühen mit einer 0,1 N AgNO3-Lösung in 3 N HNO3 und anschließender UV(254)-Bestrahlung zu erkennen.
    Notes: Abstract Thin layers of basic zinc carbonate can be used with good results for separation and multiple identification of carbamate and phenylurea pesticides. Five important substances could be separated by one-dimension TLC. The best results were obtained by the following developing solvents: a) benzene, b) a mixture of benzene/petroleum ether/chloroform (6∶1∶1). The substances are either recognisable in short-wave UV-light, when a fluorescence indicator (F 254 nm) is added, or in day-light, after spraying a solution of 0.1 N AgNO3 in 3 N HNO3, followed by an UV-exposure for about 4 min.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 206-206 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Blei, Cadmium, Quecksilber, Zink ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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  • 122
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 276 (1975), S. 301-302 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Pesticiden, Carbamaten, Phenylharnstoffen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Schichten aus verschiedenen Polyamid-Chargen
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  • 123
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 276 (1975), S. 382-382 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Aminen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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  • 124
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    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 259-275 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretion ; Acipenseridae ; NaCl load
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurohypophyses of sexually mature Acipenser güldenstädti Brandt and Acipenser stellatus Pallas maintained in hypertonic solutions were studied by means of light and electron microscopy. The fish were caught in the Ural and transferred into basins containing either freshwater (controls) or 32‰, 22‰ and 17‰ NaCl solutions respectively. The neurohypophyses of control animals kept in freshwater for two days contained a large amount of “Gomori-positive” neurosecretory material (4 arbitrary units). An abundance of neurosecretory granules of different kinds, predominantly elementary ones, was observed electron microscopically in neurosecretory fibres and terminals of these fish. A decrease in the amount of neurosecretory material was found in all experimental animals: up to 1–2 units in A. güldenstädti after 3.5–10 h in 32‰ NaCl, and up to 3.5 units in A. stellatus after 4.5–48 h in 22‰ or 17‰ NaCl. The number of neurosecretory granules decreased considerably in the fibres and terminals in all experimental series, but that of granulated, disintegrating granules and “granule-shadows” increased markedly, especially in preterminal parts of axons. An increased number of hypertrophied mitochondria, lamellar bodies, residual granules and especially “synaptic” vesicles was seen. These changes speak for an active discharge of neurohormones into the general circulation, a phenomenon well known to be characteristic of stress responses. Pathological ultrastructural changes (breakdown of terminals, extracellular wide cisternae) were visible in A. güldenstädti neurohypophyses at the end of the experiments. Also tanycytes — “narrow” ependymal cells — and pituicytes underwent noticeable changes.
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    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 213-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve cells ; Regeneration ; Neurosecretion ; Hydra viridis, littoralis ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using whole mount preparations, nerve cells at the cut surface (head region) and also the peduncular-basal disk region were studied during various stages of regeneration (zero hour — 96 h) in Hydra. Leucomethylene blue staining technique allows excellent stainability of nerve cells and thus a statistical count of them at the specified stages of regeneration was obtained. Within 1 h after transection a significant increase (P 〈 0.001) in release of neurosecretory droplets occurs. Between 4 and 15 h of regeneration the number of perikarya remains relatively constant, but the number of processes increases by 200%. This indicates that neurons in Hydra have the capacity to regenerate their processes. Their growth in length is dramatically illustrated at 18 hrs. of regeneration. This degree of anastomosing arrangement is not observed in any other stage of regeneration. After this time the majority of processes break down releasing the neurosecretory materials. A study of the number of perikarya, the number of neurites and the number of neurosecretory droplets in regenerating animals reveals a continuous increase in the number of nerve cells and neurosecretory droplets released for up to 24 h. With the accumulation of nerve cells at the cut surface (24 h of regeneration) there is a simultaneous appearance of tentacle outpushings. The tentacles increase in number and length during the subsequent periods of regeneration. As the regenerative process approaches completion (72–96 h) the number of neurosecretory droplets released decreases, approaching the pre-transection levels as seen in normal animals. It is suggested that the neurosecretory material may act as a “trophic” agent which stimulates differentiation of interstitial cells into nerve cells and thus influences the regenerative process.
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    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 231-247 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Regeneration ; Nerve cells ; Neurosecretion ; Hydra ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Major ultrastructural changes in neurons were studied during sequential periods of hypostomal regeneration in Hydra. Some neurons remain unaffected except that at certain periods following amputation, they become more active in neurosecretory production. Other neurons in various stages of differentiation were also observed. Most emphasis was placed on degenerating neurons showing a loss of organelles and destruction of the perikarya. Certain large, membrane-bounded structures (up to 1.7 μ in diameter) suggested tentatively to be of a lysosomal-like nature, may be partly responsible for the degenerative process. The neurites of these cells first assume a beaded appearance and/or contain bulbous endings. The eventual isolated fragments of neurites contain typical membrane-bounded neurosecretory droplets (850/1700 Å in diameter) which disintegrate forming particulate materials (350 Å in diameter). Following complete disruption of the neurites, some of the granules accumulate in the extracellular spaces before they are disintegrated. From the data presented in this and the preceding paper, it is suggested that these particles, derived from neurosecretory droplets, may be responsible for the stimulation of: 1) interstitial cell differentiation into neurons, 2) the increased activity in neurosecretory production in normal cells, 3) the conspicuous increase in neurite length and consequently the exaggerated degree of anastomosis, and 4) the possible capacity of neurons to regenerate neurites.
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  • 127
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    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 101-113 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretion ; Axoplasmic transport ; Microtubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lower pituitary stalk has been studied in rats given hypertonic saline for four days and in rats with congenital diabetes insipidus (GDI), that is, in two groups of animals in which there is evidence of an increase in the transport of polypeptides down the axons of the tractus hypophyseus. A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of this tract, the first yet made, has demonstrated that in normal animals it is composed of unusually small axons, over half of which are less than 300 nm in diameter. In this tract there is a significant increase in axonal diameter and microtubular content in animals given hypertonic saline for four days. In adult rats with CDI, these changes are even more marked, a feature which is correlated with the fact that in these animals the transport of polypeptides has probably been abnormal since birth. An alteration in the microtubular content of neurons has not previously been observed either in physiologically stressed animals or in diseased animals; such alterations suggest the participation of microtubules in polypeptide transport. The narrow diameter of axons in the tractus hypophyseus of the normal animal raises the possibility of the extravesicular transport of such polypeptides.
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  • 128
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Infracerebral complex ; Polychaeta, Nereidae ; Neurosecretion ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The infracerebral complex consists of: (a) two types of ependymoid infracerebral cells located on the ventral surface of the brain, adjacent to a coelomic sinus and blood vessels; (b) a noncellular stroma, the neural lamella, which separates the infracerebral cells from cerebral nervous tissue; (c) two types of cerebral neurosecretory endings (one with many mitochondria) which abut on the neural lamella opposite from the infracerebral cells. The infracerebral a cells become columnar and develop abundant apical caveolae and Golgi elements in older worms. The infracerebral b cells, filled with electron opaque granules, resemble neurosecretory cells; their axon-like processes contain microtubules and make synaptoid contacts with the neural lamella. Both cell types are present in young worms of about 10 segments but the b cells, relatively abundant in younger worms, are outnumbered by a cells in mature individuals. However, during reproductive development neither a nor b cells display any structural changes which would indicate that they represent glandular tissue. Basal processes originating both from a and b cells form entanglements which become progressively more intricate during maturation. Neurosecretory endings are present in 10-segment worms and become very numerous in mature worms but at no time do they penetrate the neural lamella and contact the infracerebral cells. It is unlikely that the infracerebral cells per se constitute a gland but they are strategically located to influence the release of hormones from neurosecretory endings.
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  • 129
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 102-108 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Zinkstaubdestillation ; Ultramikrobereich, Apparatur, TAS-Verfahren. Thermofraktographie, TAS-Verfahren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Zinkstaubdestillation, Ultramikrobereich. Analyse von Naphthalinderivaten, Anthracenderivaten, Phenanthrenderivaten, Tetracenderivaten, Indolderivaten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Zinkstaubdestillation, TAS-Verfahren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es erlaubt, unter kontrollierten Bedingungen mit 20–200 μg Ausgangsmaterial eine Zinkstaubdestillation durchzuführen. Hierzu wird die Probe auf Cu-aktiviertes Zink in einer TAS-Patrone für einige Minuten auf 350–450° C erhitzt. Die dabei entstehenden sauerstofffreien Aromaten bzw. stabilen Heterocyclen werden durch einen Stickstoffstrom von 15 ml/min direkt auf den Startpunkt einer DC-Schicht transferiert. Anschließend wird chromatographiert und die auftretenden Reaktionsprodukte werden identifiziert. Zum Studium der Reaktionsvorgänge und der optimalen Temperaturbereiche dient die Thermofraktographie. Es sind Anwendungsbeispiele aus der Gruppe der Naphthalin-,Anthracen-, Phenanthren-, Tetracen- und Indolderivate gegeben.
    Notes: Abstract A method for zinc dust distillation of 20–200 μg of substance under controlled conditions is described. The sample is heated on copper-activated zinc up to 350–450° C for several minutes in a TAS-cartridge. The resulting oxygen-free aromatic resp. the stable heterocyclic components are transferred directly to the starting point of a TLC-plate by a stream of nitrogen at 15 ml/min and identified after chromatography. Thermography is applied to study the reaction process and to determine the optimal temperature ranges. Examples of application to the groups of naphthalene-, anthracene-, phenanthrene-,tetracene- and indol derivatives are listed.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 126-127 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Rückgewinnung geringer Substanzen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von 8-Hydroxychinolinderivaten, 8-Hydroxychinaldinderivaten in Pharmazeut. Produkten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; ÄDTA-behand. Platten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, mit der 8-Hydroxychinolin- und 8-Hydroxychinaldin-Derivate nach erfolgter Entwicklung auf Kieselgelplatten direkt quantitativ mit einem Chromatogramm-Spektralphotometer bestimmt werden können. Durch Vorbehandlung der Platten mit Komplexbildnern, wie Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure, Diäthylentriaminpentaessigsäure oder Triäthylentetraminhexaessigsäure, wird im Gegensatz zur unbehandelten Platte erreicht, daß die Substanzen runde Flecken ausbilden, die zur quantitativen Bestimmung geeignet sind. Die Methode hat sich auch bei der Bestimmung der Wirkstoffe aus Arzneiformen, wie Dragees und Salben, bewährt und läßt sich mit einer maximalen relativen Standardabweichung von ± 3,4% gut reproduzieren.
    Notes: Abstract A method is described allowing direct quantitative determination of 8-hydroxyquinoline and 8-hydroxyquinaldine derivatives with a chromatogram spectrophotometer after development on silicagel plates. In contrast to untreated plates, pretreatment of the plates with complexing agents like ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid, diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid, or triethylenetetramine-hexaacetic acid, results in formation by the compounds of round areals which are suitable for quantitative measurement. This method proved also valuable for the quantitative measurement of the active contents of pharmaceutical formulations, like tablets or ointments. It is reproducible with a maximal relative standard deviation of ± 3.4%.
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  • 132
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 124-126 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Pesticiden, phosphorhaltig ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Schicht aus bas. Zinkcarbonat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dünnschichten von basischem Zinkcarbonat eignen sich zur Trennung von Insecticiden aus der Gruppe der Organophosphorsäuren. Mit Petroläther/Aceton-Gemischen zwischen 98∶2–86∶14 werden günstige Rf-Werte und gute Fleckzeichnungen erreicht. Die Substanzen sind entweder im kurzwelligen UV-Licht zu erkennen, wenn man der Dünnschicht Fluorescenz-Indicator F 254 der Fa. Merck zusetzt, oder aber im Tageslicht nach Sprühen mit Pd(II)Cl2-Lösung, wobei rotbraune Flecken entstehen. Die Wirkstoffe lassen sich mit Aceton quantitativ eluieren; Die Trennung kann auch säulen-chromatographisch durchgeführt werden. Die Trenneffekte sind ähnlich denjenigen, wie sie auf Kieselgel erreicht werden. Das basische Zinkcarbonat hat aber den Vorteil geringerer chemischer Aktivität, so daß weniger Artefakte entstehen.
    Notes: Abstract Thin layers of basic zinc carbonate can be used with good results to separate organophosphorous pesticides. With a petroleumether/acetone mixture (between 98∶2 and 86∶14) good Rf-values and clearly defined spots are obtained. The substances are either recognizable in short-wave UV-light, when the fluorescence indicator F 254 from Fa. Merck is added to the thin layer, or in day-light, after having been sprayed with a solution of Pd(II)Cl2, which leads to the formation of reddish-brown spots. The pesticides can be eluted quantitatively with acetone; the separation can also be carried out by means of column chromatography. The effects of separation are similar to those obtained on silica gel, but basic zinc carbonate has the advantage of lower chemical activity, which means that less artifacts are formed.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 269 (1974), S. 125-126 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Xylenolen, Dimethylphenolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; versch. Schichten u. Reagentien
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 134
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Kresolen, Phenol ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; versch. Schichten und Reagentien
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  • 135
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    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 199-207 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleus praeopticus ; Xenopus, tadpole ; Neurosecretion ; Osmoregulation ; Enzyme cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of four enzymes was studied in the neurosecretory cells of the preoptic nucleus ofXenopus laevis (tadpoles and adults) in control and osmotically stimulated animals. Any activity of lactate dehydrogenase could not be demonstrated, whereas activity of thiamine pyrophosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase was demonstrated only in the cells of the caudo-dorsal region of the preoptic nucleus in experimental animals. It is concluded that the cells of this region may be involved in osmoregulatory processes.
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  • 136
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Harvestman ; Exocytosis ; Release ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les plaques paraganglionnaires de l'Opilion Trogulus nepaeformis sont des organes neurohémaux constitués d'une lamelle neurale externe, épaisse, en contact avec un sinus sanguin, d'une couche basale de cellules gliales, et de 7 types de terminaisons axonales (A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, B4 and C) renfermant des granules élémentaires qui diffèrent par leur taille, leur densité aux électrons et l'aspect de leur contenu. Les granules de type A1 se déchargent par exocytose dans l'espace extra-axonal, sous la lamelle neurale; ceux de type C se fragmentent en microgranules à contenu dense qui s'accumulent avec des vésicules claires contre l'axolemme en des places suggérant des sites de libération dans l'hémolymphe.
    Notes: Summary The paraganglionic plates of the harvestman, Trogulus, are neurohemal organs composed of a thick neural lamella facing a blood sinus, basal glial cells, and seven distinct types of axon terminals (A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, B4 and C) identified on the basis of elementary granule size, electron density, and structure of contents. The release of A1 type granules occurs by exocytosis into the extraaxonal space below the acellular neural lamella. The release of the content of C granules occurs after fragmentation into small electron dense vesicles. Clusters of these vesicles intermixed with clear vesicles pressing against the axolemma beneath the neural lamella, apparantly correspond to the sites of release.
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    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 275-288 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Insect ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of seven types of neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the medial and lateral groups of the protocerebrum is described. The differences among cell types established earlier by light microscopy parallel differences in size and appearance of the neurosecretory particles observed in electron micrographs. No relationship was found between the affinity for Gomori's paraldehyde fuchsin stain and the nature of the particles. The secretions of the A-, A1-, and C-types of NSC of the medial group are characterized by electron-dense neurosecretory granules of 1250 Å dia., medium-dense granules of 2100 Å, and electron-lucent vesicles of 1700 Å, respectively. The L-type NSCof the lateral group contain smaller (1300 Å) or larger (1700 Å) neurosecretory granules. The medial B- and E-types of NSC and the lateral LB-type contain granulated vesicles (1200 Å) of the same appearance. These cell types differ in other respects and most likely have separate functions.
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    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 117-125 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sinus gland ; Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda) ; Nerve fibre cell types ; Neurosecretion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sinus gland of Carcinus maenas consists of the swollen axonal endings of the neurosecretory cells of the major ganglia and acts as a storage release centre for the membrane bound neurosecretory material. These neurosecretory granules fall into five different types based on size and electron density. Their contents are released by exocytosis of the primary granules or smaller units budded from the primary granules.
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  • 139
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 203-205 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Strukturaufklärung von Sesquiterpenalkoholen ; TAS-Verfahren, Mikrodehydrierung ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; bicyclisch, mit Decalin-Grundgerüst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus dem ätherischen Öl der Haselwurz wurden erstmalig die 4 Sesquiterpenalkohole α-Eudesmol, β-Eudesmol, Selinan-7,11-diol und Selin-6(7)en-11-ol isoliert und identifiziert. Dabei wurde zur Einengung der Strukturmöglichkeiten die dehydrierende TAS-Methode (Schwefel-Dehydrierung) eingesetzt. Sie lieferte bei ungesättigten C15-Alkoholen gute Ergebnisse. Gesättigte Sesquiterpenalkohole mit Decalin-Grundgerüst ließen sich besser nach der Selenmethode dehydrieren. Von den entstandenen Naphthalin-Derivaten wurden die UV-Spektren direkt von der DC-Platte aufgenommen und zur Identifizierung herangezogen. Durch diese Kombination der Mikroverfahren konnte das Grundgerüst der Alkohole mit Mikrogramm-Mengen eindeutig bestimmt werden.
    Notes: Abstract In the essential oil of Asarum europaeum L. the four sesquiterpene alcohols α-eudesmol, β-eudesmol, selinane-7,11-diol and seline-6(7)en-11-ol have been isolated and identified. For limiting the possibilities of structure the dehydrogenating TAS method (sulphur dehydrogenation) has been employed. Good results have been obtained with unsaturated C15-alcohols. Saturated sesquiterpene alcohols with decalin structure could be better dehydrogenated by the selenium method. UV spectra have been recorded of the naphthalene derivatives formed directly from the thin-layer plate and employed for identification. By this combination of micro methods the basic structure of the alcohols could be determined unequivocally with μg amounts.
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  • 140
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 337-342 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse der Metallchelate von o,o′-Dihydroxyazoverbindungen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer früheren Veröffentlichung [4] ist auf die Möglichkeit der chromatographischen Trennung strukturisomerer Metallchelate hingewiesen worden; sie soll hier ausführlicher dargestellt werden. Weiterhin wird die Trennung von 1:2-Mischkomplexen von Azofarbstoffen und von 1:2-Metallkomplex-Mischungen durch Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (DC) an Polyamid beschrieben. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen kann durch DC an Kieselgel zwischen 1:2-Metallkomplexfarbstoffen mit Sulfonsäureamid- bzw. Alkylsulfongruppen und solchen ohne diese Substituenten unterschieden werden. Die beschriebenen DC-Methoden ermöglichen bei richtiger Interpretation eine eindeutige Unterscheidung zwischen strukturisomeren Metallkomplexen der 1:1- und 1:2-Reihe, sowie Mischkomplexen und Komplexmischungen vom 1:2-Metall-chelattyp unsulfierter o,o′-Dihydroxyazoverbindungen. Symmetrische o,o′-Dihydroxyazoverbindungen, wie z.B. das 2,2′-Dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethyl-azobenzol(7), sind geeignete Komplexbildner für Schwermetallkationen, um diese als farbige Chelate mit Hilfe der DC voneinander zu trennen. Strukturisomere sind wegen der Molekülsymmetrie ausgeschlossen, so daß die Ergebnisse eindeutig sind.
    Notes: Abstract In an earlier publication [4] the possibility of the Chromatographic separation of structurally isomeric metal chelates was mentioned; this is dealt with here in more detail. Further the separation of 1:2 mixed complexes from azo dyes and 1:2 metal-complex mixtures by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on polyamide is described. In certain circumstances it is possible to distinguish between 1:2 metal-complex dyes with sulphonamide or alkylsulphonyl groups and those without these substituents by TLC on silica gel. The TCL methods described allow-when correctly interpreted-an unambiguous distinction between structurally isomeric metal complexes of the 1:1 and 1:2 series, and mixed complexes and mixtures of complexes of the 1:2 metal-chelate type of unsulphonated o,o′-dihydroxyazo compounds. Symmetrical o,o′-dihydroxyazo compounds, such as 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethylazobenzene(7), are suitable as complex-formers for heavy-metal ions, allowing the separation of the latter as their coloured chelates with aid of TLC. Structural isomers are excluded because of the molecular symmetry, so that the results are unambiguous.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 269 (1974), S. 10-15 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Vergleich von Zweistrahldensitometern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Eliminierung von Störungen der quantitativen Auswertung von Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammen durch Unregelmäßigkeiten der Sorptionsschicht werden öfters Zweistrahlgeräte verwendet. Diese Arbeit berichtet über die Simulation verschiedener Zweistrahlgeräte auf einem Einstrahlgerät mit Hilfe von Digitalrechnern, um auf diesem Wege eindeutige Aussagen über den Genauigkeitsgewinn treffen zu können. Die relativen genäherten Standardabweichungen aus einer größeren Anzahl von Messungen ergaben folgende Werte: Einstrahlgerät 3–5%, Zweistrahlgerät 2–4% und Zweiwellenlängengerät 2,5–4%.
    Notes: Abstract To avoid errors caused by irregularities of chromatoplates in quantitative TLC often double beam densitometers are used. This paper describes the simulation of different double beam instruments using a single beam scanner and digital computers, to obtain distinct data on the increase in accuracy. The relative standard deviations from a greater number of experiments are: single beam scanner 3–5%, double beam instrument 2–4% and dual wave-length scanner 2.5–4%.
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  • 142
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Toluidinen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; diazidodisulfostilbenimprägnierte Schichten
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 177-181 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Untersuchung der Autoxidation von Fettsäureestern ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels Dünnschicht-Chromatographie kann man den Ablauf von Autoxidationsprozessen an Lipiden qualitativ anhand der auftretenden Reaktionsprodukte verfolgen. In vorliegender Arbeit wurden verschiedene Laufmittel auf Silicagel hinsichtlich ihres Trennvermögens für Gruppen von Autoxidations-produkten erprobt. Ferner werden aufgrund umfangreicher Untersuchungen Sprühmittel zur Erkennung solcher Stoffgruppen auf dem Dünnschicht-Chromatogramm benannt. Am Beispiel der Autoxidation von c-9-Octadecensäuremethylester ohne und mit Zusatz von DDE wird die Leistungsfähigkeit der beschriebenen Arbeitsweise belegt.
    Notes: Abstract The autoxidation of lipids has been followed qualitatively by means of the reaction products. The separating ability of different solvents on silica gel for groups of autoxidation products has been tested. Furthermore, spraying agents for the detection of these groups on the chromatogram are given. The autoxidation of c-9-octadecenic methyl ester with and without addition of DDE serves as an example for the efficiency of the method.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 257-264 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Schwefeldehydrierung, Selendehydrierung ; Ultramikrobereich, Apparatur, TAS-Verfahren. Thermofraktographie/TAS-Verfahren/Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Schwefel- und Selendehydrierung, Ultramikrobereich. Analyse von Sesquiterpenderivaten, Abietinsäure. Steroiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Schwefel- und Selendehydrierung, TAS-Verfahren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Schnellmethode beschrieben, die es erlaubt, unter kontrollierten Bedingungen mit 50–300 μg Ausgangsmaterial eine gekoppelte Dehydratisierung und Schwefel- bzw. Selendehydrierung durchzuführen. Hierbei wird die Probe mit einer Kaliumhydrogensulfat-Schwefel- bzw. Selenmischung für einige Minuten bei vorbestimmten Temperaturen zwischen 160–400° C im TAS-Ofen bzw. Tasomat erhitzt. Die entstehenden Aromaten werden durch einen Stickstoffstrom von 10 ml/min direkt auf den Startpunkt einer DC-Schicht transferiert. Anschließend wird chromatographiert und die auftretenden Reaktionsprodukte werden identifiziert. Zum Studium der Reaktionsvorgänge und der optimalen Temperaturbereiche dient die Thermofraktographie. Es sind Anwendungsbeispiele aus der Sesquiterpen-, Diterpen- und aus der Steroidreihe gegeben.
    Notes: Abstract A rapid method is described which permits to carry out a coupled dehydratization and sulphur resp. selenium dehydrogenation with 50–300 μg of starting material under controlled conditions. The sample is heated on a potassium hydrogen sulphate-sulphur resp. selenium mixture at preselected temperatures of between 160–400° C for several minutes in the TAS-oven resp. the Tasomat. The resulting aromatic components are transferred directly to the starting point of a TLC-plate by a stream of nitrogen at 10 ml/min and the reaction products are identified after chromatography. Thermofractography is applied to study the reaction processes and to determine the optical temperature ranges. Examples of application to the groups of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and steroids are listed.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 285-286 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Canthaxanthin in Biolog. Material ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien UV 254
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  • 146
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kresolen, Phenol, Xylenolen, Dimethylphenolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; imprägn. Fertigfolien u. Kieselgel, Nachweisgrenzen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 337-340 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Abtrenn. des 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazons von Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Acrolein, Crotonaldehyd, Furfurol ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein dünnschicht-chromatographisches Verfahren zur Trennung von Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Furfurol, Acrolein und Crotonaldehyd in Form der 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone beschrieben. Die Derivate werden aus Pyridin, Tetrahydrofuran oder Dioxan aufgetragen und innerhalb von 6 h nach der Durchlauftechnik an Kieselgel F 254-Rapidplatten mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff/Pyridin (90∶10) aufsteigend entwickelt. Die Laufstrecken verhalten sich wie 1∶1,3∶1,7∶2,1∶2,3.
    Notes: Abstract The derivatives are applied on rapid plates silica gel F 254 from pyridine, tetrahydrofuran or dioxan solution and separated during 6 h by ascending overrun development using carbon tetrachloride/pyridine (90∶10) as a solvent. The distances travelled from the starting point are in the ratio 1∶1.3∶1.7∶2.1∶2.3.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 365-366 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Turigeran, Multivitaminpräparate ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 149
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 271 (1974), S. 367-368 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Uran(VI) ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; DEAE-Cellulose, Phosphorsäure
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 272 (1974), S. 206-206 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Diphenyl ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; verschiedene Reagentien u. Schichten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 272 (1974), S. 286-286 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachweis von Herbiciden, Pesticiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien, Nachweisgrenzen
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  • 152
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 272 (1974), S. 368-368 
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    Keywords: Best. von DDT in Eiern ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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  • 153
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 128-128 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Alkoholen als Co-Xanthate ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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  • 154
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 272-274 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Gramicidin ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; CAMAG Eluchrom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine quantitative Methode zur Bestimmung von Gramicidin in Fermentationsproben, Extraktionslösungen und Tyrothricin- bzw. Gramicidin-Fertigprodukten wird beschrieben. Nach der dünnschicht-chromatographischen Trennung des Gramicidins von den Begleitstoffen erfolgt eine quantitative Elution des Fleckes mit dem CAMAC Eluchrom, die so gewonnenen Lösungen werden spektralphotometrisch ausgewertet.
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative method is described for the determination of gramicidine in fermentation broths, extracts and finished products of tyrothricine and gramicidine, respectively. After TLC-separation of gramicidine from accompanying substances a quantitative elution of the gramicidine spot is performed with the CAMAG Eluchrom. The solutions obtained are measured spectrophotometrically.
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  • 155
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 268 (1974), S. 268-272 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Peakerkennung u. Auswertung mit Digitalrechnern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit beschreibt den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Programms für Digitalrechner zur numerischen Peakerkennung und numerischen Integration von Remissionsgrad-Ortskurven bei der quantitativen DC. Durch integrierende Analog-Digitalwandlung und digitales Glätten wird das Signal/Rausch-Verhältnis verbessert. Die Peakerkennung erfolgt mit Hilfe der über eine Ausgleichsparabel numerisch differenzierten Meßkurve. Die Basislinienkorrektur bei nicht aufgelösten Peaks beruht auf einem Vergleich der Tangenten zwischen den Peakminima.
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes the principles of a programm for numerical peak detection and numerical integration for area determination by digital computers with respect to thin-layer chromatography. Integrating analog to digital conversion and digital smoothing will improve the signal to noise ratio. The first derivative will be found by smoothed numerical differentiation and is used for peak detection. The actual base line is corrected by eomparision of the tangents between the minima of the peaks.
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  • 156
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 269 (1974), S. 206-208 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Dimethylsulfat in Luft ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Umsetzung zu Nitroanisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es gestattet, Dimethylsulfat (DMS) im Bereich der maximalen Arbeitsplatzkonzentration von 0,05 mg/m3 entsprechend 0,01 ppm zu bestimmen. Zunächst wird DMS zur Anreicherung an Kieselgel adsorbiert. Nach Desorption mit Aceton wird DMS mit 4-Nitrophenol-Na zu 4-Nitroanisol umgesetzt und dünnschicht-chromatographisch durch Intensitätsvergleich mit Standards bestimmt. Zur Erfassung des MAK-Wertes sind mindestens 500 l Probevolumen nötig. Bei einer Sauggeschwindigkeit von 3–4 l/min dauert daher eine Probenahme 2–2,5 Std. Über diesen Zeitraum sollten bei einer Raumluftuntersuchung möglichst ähnliche Konzentrationsverhältnisse vorliegen.
    Notes: Abstract A method is reported which allows the determination of dimethyl sulphate (DMS) in the range of the threshold limit of 0.05 mg/m3 resp. 0.01 ppm. At first DMS is concentrated by adsorption on silica gel. After extraction with acetone and reaction with 4-nitrophenol sodium salt to 4-nitroanisol the DMS is determined by thin-layer chromatography. Evaluation by comparison of intensity with standard spots. For the determination of the threshold limit at least 500 l of sample volume are needed. With an air sampling rate of 3 to 4 l/min the duration of sampling is 2 to 2.5 h. During this time the concentration of the examined air should not vary too much.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 19-23 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phthalsäure ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Remissionsmessung, Kopplung mit Tischrechner
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel der Bestimmung von Phthalsäure wird die on line-Kopplung eines programmierbaren elektronischen Tischrechners über einen Integrator zur automatischen quantitativen Auswertung von Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammen durch Messung der Remission beschrieben. Das Verfahren arbeitet mit Mittelwertbildung der Integratorwerte der Scans in und gegen die Fließrichtung, um Basislinienfehler zu eliminieren. Der Rechner ermittelt aus den Vergleichsflecken über die Methode der kleinsten Summe der Fehlerquadrate die Eichgerade und berechnet hierüber die Substanzmenge in den Analysenflecken. Für die Auswertung wird eine quadratische Abhängigkeit der Fläche unter der Remissionsgrad-Ortskurve von der Substanzkonzentration angenommen. Die erreichte Genauigkeit lag bei etwa 2–2,5% (genäherte relative Standardabweichung).
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes the coupling of TLC-photometer, electronic integrator and desk calculator for the determination of phthalic acid by measurement of the remission at 280.3 nm. The average of integrator counts by scanning in and against development of the plate avoids errors caused by base line-drifts. From standards on the plate results a straight line by least squares using the quadratic proportionality of peak area to concentration. From this straight line the concentrations will be determined. The error of this method is in the range of 2–2.5% (relative standard deviation).
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 16-19 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Organ. Säuren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; aliphatisch, aromatisch, Reisstärkeschichten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aliphatic monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, hydroxy, keto and amino acids were separated on rice starch thin layers with the solvent system: ethanol/water/ammonia (78∶20∶13). Different aromatic acids were separated on the same support with the solvent system: ethanol/n-butanol/water/ammonia (40∶30∶15∶15). Rf- and RM-values were determined and the validity of Martin's theoretical postulates on the relationship between chemical structure and Rf-values in partition chromatography was displayed. Calculation of group and basic constants was also carried out.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aliphatische Monocarbon-, Dicarbon-, Hydroxy-, Keto und Aminosäuren wurden dünnschicht-chromatographisch auf Reisstärke getrennt (Fließmittel: Äthanol/ Wasser/Ammoniak [78∶20∶13]). Verschiedene aromatische Säuren wurden auf der gleichen Schicht mit dem Fließmittel Äthanol/n-Butanol/Wasser/Ammoniak (40∶30∶15∶15) getrennt. Rf- und RM-Werte wurden bestimmt. Aufgrund der theoretischen Aufstellungen von Martin für die Beziehung zwischen Rf-Werten in der Verteilungs- chromatographie und chemischen Strukturen wurden Gruppen- und Grundkonstanten bestimmt.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 128-128 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Pseudohalogeniden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien, Nachweisgrenzen
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 356-359 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Pesticiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Nitroverbindungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Analysenmethode zum Nachweis und zur Trennung von 16 Nitro-Pesticiden beschrieben. Nach einer dünnschicht-chromatographischen Trennung werden die Nitroverbindungen in primäre aromatische Amine übergeführt, die durch Diazotierung und Kupplung mit Bratton-Marshall Reagens nachgewiesen werden. Die photometrische Messung des eluierten Azofarbstoffes gestattet eine quantitative Bestimmung.
    Notes: Abstract An analysis method for the detection and separation of sixteen nitro-pesticides is described. After thin-layer chromatographical separation, the nitro-compounds are converted to primary aromatic amines which are detected by diazotization and subsequent coupling with Bratton-Marshall reagent. The photometric measuring of the azo-dye, obtained by elution, permits quantitative determination.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 366-367 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von δ-Aminolävulinsäure-Dehydratase-Inhibitoren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 367-368 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Peroxidase-Inhibitoren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 461-477 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Acipenseridae ; Neurosecretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurohypophysis of sexually mature male and female Acipenser güldenstädti Brandt and Acipenser stellatus Pallas was studied light and electron microscopically. The recessus hypophysei lined with ependymal cells of two main types, “narrow” and “wide”, are in the center of the neurohypophysial “roots”. Processes from both cell types run radially to the basement membrane of the connective tissue layers abutting on the hypophysial intermediate lobe. Protrusions penetrating deep into the recessus hypophyseus are found in the apical parts of the “wide” cells. Pituicytes are rare in the neurohypophysis. The ultrastructure of both ependymal cell types and of the pituicytes is described. Nonmyelinated “Gomori-positive” (peptidergic) neurosecretory A1 and A2 type fibres and their terminals containing elementary neurosecretory granules (1400–1800 Å and 1000–1400 Å respectively) are the main structural elements of the neurohypophysis. Some “dark” and single myelinated neurosecretory fibres have been found. The adrenergic fibres (type B) were described earlier (Polenov et al., 1972a). The structural peculiarities of the neurohypophysis are discussed in functional and comparative-morphological terms.
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  • 164
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    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Annelida ; Sexuality and Development ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während der sexuellen Entwicklung vonPlatynereis dumerilii steigt die Zahl der Neurone, die Merkmale einer sekretorischen Aktivität aufweisen, parallel zum Wachstum und zur Reifung der Keimzelle an. Die cytologische Differenzierung eines Neurons zur neurosekretorischen Zelle ist mit einer Steigerung der Synthese Cystin-haltigen Materials gegenüber konventionellen Neuronen gekoppelt. Neurosekretorische Zellen treten erstmals in Erscheinung, kurz bevor die Oocyten in die zweite Oogeniephase eintreten, während der die Vitellogenese abläuft. Aufgetragen gegen den Oocytendurchmesser ergibt die Zahl der Neurone, die sekretorisch aktiv werden und3H-Cystin inkorporieren, eine ansteigende Kurve. Die Kurve biegt auf ein Plateau, wenn die Oocyten eine kritische Größe erreichen. Diese Größe markiert jenes Entwicklungsstadium, von dem ab eine Enthirnung eine normale Reifung nicht mehr verhindert. Die Zahl synthetisch tätiger Neurone steight erneut an, wenn die Oocyten die kortikale Struktur des reifen Eies entwickeln. Das Maximum wird kurz vor der Metamorphose erreicht. Während der epitoken Umwandlung sinkt die synthetische Aktivität rasch ab, um im schwärmbereiten Tier gänzlich zum Stillstand zu kommen. In Tieren, die nach der kritischen Phase zur caudalen Regeneration veranlaßt werden, fällt die Zahl markierter neurosekretorischer Zellen auf ein Niveau ab, das für junge, „vorkritische“ Individuen charakteristisch ist. Entsprechend wird in jungen, vorkritischen Tieren, die erst wenige endokrine Neurone besitzen, die Differenzierung weiterer neurosekretorischer Zellen durch eine Regeneration nicht stimuliert. Der zeitliche Verlauf der synthetischen Aktivität im Zuge der Entwicklung und die durch eine Regeneration erzwungenen Veränderungen sind somit reziprok zur Aktivität des Gehirns in Bezug auf die Ausschüttung des Juvenilhormons. Die Hypothese wird zur Diskussion gestellt, die sinkende Produktion des Juvenilhormons werde von der steigenden Produktion eines antagonistischen neuroendokrinen Prinzips begleitet oder verursacht.
    Notes: Summary During sexual development ofPlatynereis dumerilii, the number of neurones exhibiting secretory activity rises in parallel with the growth and maturation of the germ cells. The cytological differentiation of neuroglandular properties is accompanied with an increased uptake of tritiated cystine. The first neurones developing the characteristics of secretory cells and incorporating cystine appear just before the oocytes enter the second growth phase which corresponds with vitellogenesis. When plotted against the oocyte diameter the number of labelled neurosecretory cells yields an ascending line, which becomes a plateau once the oocytes approach a critical size. This critical size defines the developmental stage beyond which decerebration does not prevent normal maturation. The neuronal synthetic activity rises again when the oocytes differentiate the cortical structure of ripe eggs. The curve displays its maximum slope at the onset of metamorphosis. During the epitokous transformation the synthetic activity decreases rapidly and is almost totally depressed when swarming is imminent. In animals induced to regenerate their posterior segments after they have passed the critical stage, the number of labelled neurosecretory cells becomes reduced to the precritical level. According to this, regeneration in young precritical animals containing only few endocrine neurones does not stimulate the development of further secretory neurones. Thus, the time course during maturation and the changes caused by regeneration are reciprocal to the activity of the brain with respect to the release of juvenile hormone. The question is thus raised as to whether the declining titer of juvenile hormone may be accompanied or caused by an increased production of an antagonistic principle related to maturation.
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    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 505-515 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum ; Paracervical ganglion (Rat) ; Neurosecretion ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two new types of structure of the cytoplasm of an autonomic neuron were described: (1) Inclusions of the rough ergastoplasmic reticulum, which were named “ergastosomes”, contain finely granular material with moderately electron opaque staining with both glutaraldehyde-OsO4 and KMnO4 fixations. A short comment was made on the nature of the contents of the ergastosomes. (2) Tubular formations of endoplasmic reticulum were found in the axons and/or dendrites of the paracervical ganglion.
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    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Cerebral neurohemal organ ; Vesicle ; Acheta domesticus ; Nervus corporis cardiaci I
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six principal types of neurons are recognized in the median neurosecretory-cell group of the pars intercerebralis in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. Four of the six cell types are neurosecretory neurons. The majority of the 900 cells contain granules 1500–3000 Å in diameter and are designated as type I. These neurons, which are associated with the nervus corporis cardiaci I (NCCI), undergo asynchronous secretory cycles. Two cell types (II and IV), which contain 700–1600 Å granules, terminate in a neurohemal area on the ventral median surface of the brain, a site not previously recognized as neurohemal in insects. Neurosecretory axons that lie within and below the perineurial sheath in the cerebral neurohemal area contain typical synaptoid figures, but no evidence of exocytosis was found. A single pair of neurosecretory cells (type III) has been recognized only from light microscope sections. Two distinct types of vesicle-bearing axons occur in protocerebral neuropile. The majority contain electron-dense and dense-cored vesicles 600–1000 Å in diameter. Some axons contain granules of type I cells and may be collaterals or loops of NCCI axons.
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    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 153-166 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arthropods Limulus ; Eye ; Neurosecretion ; Neuroeffector junction ; Nerve degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the protocerebrum of Limulus polyphemus, the horseshoe crab, neurosecretory cells are grouped within the curvature of the central body, an association area for inputs from lateral, median, and ventral eyes. Scattered neurohemal terminals face circulatory sinusoids within the brain. Efferent fibers, originating from unspecified, presumably neurosecretory cells in the central nervous system, course through the optic nerves and terminate on pigment and receptor cells of the eyes. Their terminals have a synaptoid structure and their granules have the characteristic density and crystalline substructure of neurosecretory granules. Transection of the lateral optic nerve leads to degranulation and gradual disappearance of terminals and to accumulation of granules at the proximal ends of cut fibers. The Limulus ocular innervation presents a striking example of directed delivery of neurosecretion to pigmentary effector cells, whose adaption is usually controlled by circulating neurohormones.
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    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 309-324 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pericardial organ ; Anterior ramifications ; Neurosecretion ; Electron mikroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pericardial organ-anterior ramifications complexes of Uca pugilator and Callinectus sapidus were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Five morphologically distinguishable groups of granules and two groups of vesicles were identified. These granules and vesicles are present in approximately the same proportions in the pericardial organs and anterior ramifications of both species. Two of the granule groups are never mixed in the same axon terminals and are believed to represent different hormone-protein complexes. The remaining granule and vesicle groups are believed to be products of neurosecretory hormone release. Evidence that at least some of these granules and vesicles arise from intraaxonal release of neurosecretory material is presented.
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  • 169
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Neurohypophysis ; Neurophysin ; Diabetes insipidus ; Vasopressin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The subcellular distribution of radioactive neurophysin and the release of neurophysin from isolated neurosecretory granules (NSG) from the posterior pituitary gland were studied at various time intervals after injection of (35S) cysteine into the supraoptic nucleus under various functional conditions. In consistency with previous findings (Norström, 1972), increased amounts of radioactive neurophysin were recovered extra-granularly at longer time intervals after isotope injection. Increased quantities of “free” labelled neurophysin were found in lactating rats and homozygous diabetes insipidus (DI) rats 7 and 1 day after injection, respectively. Salt-loading for 4 days did not affect the subcellular distribution of radioactive neurophysin 1 day after injection of (35S) cysteine. 8.5 days after isotope injection acute haemorrhage was followed by augmented amounts of radioactive neurophysin among the soluble proteins, but at 1 day no difference was observed between bled animals and controls. The “spontaneous” release of neurophysin form NSG was higher in stimulated animals and increased with time after isotope injection in controls as well as in experimental animals. The absolute increase in release of neurophysin in response to ATP was higher in stimulated rats whereas NSG from DI rats did respond poorly to ATP.
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    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 443-464 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Posterior Pituitary gland ; Colchicine ; Axoplasmic flow ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of colchicine on the release of neurosecretory material from the posterior pituitary gland was investigated in the rat in vivo and in vitro. Colchicine was administered subarachnoidally when neurophysin, radiolabelled by injection of (35S) cysteine into the supraoptic nucleus, had accumulated in the neural lobe. Dehydration for 3 days of non-colchicine-treated rats was followed by a 100% reduction of neurophysin-bound radioactivity. When colchicine was given prior to dehydration, the reduction of radioactive neurophysin was less marked. Colchicine treatment alone was likewise followed by a lowering of protein-bound radioactivity in the neural lobe, which may indicate that colchicine, in addition to blocking the rapid axonal transport of neurosecretory material, also impedes the slow transport. The release of radioactive neurophysin in response to depolarizing concentration of potassium in vitro was diminished in the presence of colchicine, the reduction being most pronounced after colchicine treatment in vivo. The biochemical data prove the view that colchicine inhibits the release of neurosecretory material from the neural lobe. The ultrastructural findings support the biochemical data. Thus, colchicine treatment alone or followed by dehydration induced a marked increase in the number of organelles, especially of mitochondria and dense bodies. There was a marked increase in the number of enlarged axons filled with dammed organelles in the infundibulum and neurohypophysis. There was an accumulation of dense core vesicles and microvesicles in the axonal terminals in the neurohypophysis after treatment with either colchicine or colchicine followed by dehydration, which indicates an impediment of the release process. Dehydration alone induced a depletion of the dense core vesicles in the terminals. Out from the combined biochemical and ultrastructural findings possible mechanisms for the action of colchicine are discussed.
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  • 171
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axonal transport ; Neurosecretion ; Posterior pituitary ; Anesthetics ; Chlorpromazine ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of chlorpromazine (cpz) and tetracaine (tc) on the rapid axonal transport of neurosecretory material (NSM) in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system was investigated. Following subarachnoidal injection of these drugs, the incorporation of (35S) cysteine into proteins of the supraoptic nucleus was slightly depressed. The protein-bound radioactivity in the posterior pituitary was markedly lowered in experimental rats which indicates a partial blockage of the rapid axonal transport of NSM along the hypothalamoneurohypophysial tract. Both cpz and tc induced an increase in the number of mitochondria and profiles of granular endoplasmic reticulum. The axons in the infundibulum and neurohypophysis were enlarged by dammed organelles, indicating a blockage of axonal transport. There was an increased number of microvesicles, often arranged in a crystalloid pattern, in the terminals. The number and distribution of neurotubuli and neurofilaments were not changed. A possible stimulatory effect of cpz on the release of NSM from the neural lobe is assumed Possible mechanisms for the action of mitotic inhibitors, transquilizers and local anesthetics are discussed.
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  • 172
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Neurosecretion ; Axonal transport ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. An immunohistochemical study has been made of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system of the dog, 20h after crushing the pituitary stalk. 2. By use of a cross-species-reactive neurophysin antiserum it was shown that neurophysin is a component of the axons which originate in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and terminate around blood vessels in the posterior pituitary. 3. Neurophysin specific fluorescence accumulated in axons proximal to the constriction but was absent from the axons immediately distal to the site of injury. 4. In dogs left for six days it was shown by radioimmunoassay that the amount of neurophysin in the hypothalamus and stalk proximal to the constriction increased twofold while that remaining in the posterior pituitary and stalk distal to the constriction decreased five-fold over the same period. 5. The results are interpreted as evidence for a rapid axonal transport of neurophysin from its site of synthesis in the cell bodies of the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.
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  • 173
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    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 329-345 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Midbrain ; Cyclostomata ; Lamprey, female ; Light- and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Torus semicircularis des Mittelhirns der Neunaugen lassen sich sekretorische Neurone nachweisen. Das mesenzephale neurosekretorische Zentrum entwickelt sich erst nach der Metamorphose und ist nur bei den weiblichen Tieren ausgebildet. Das Neurosekret ist ein zystinreiches Protein und läßt sich im histologischen Schnittpräparat mit allen Methoden, die zum Nachweis peptiderger Neurosekretion im Hypothalamus verwendet werden, darstellen. Produktions- und Speicherorte des Neurosekrets sind erweiterte Zisternen des rauhen endoplasmatischen Retikulums. Es existieren keine speziellen Speicherorganellen in Form der bekannten runden, einheitlich elektronendichten Elementargranula oder in Form von dense-core Vesikeln. Speicherzisternen konnten auch in den Fortsätzen der neurosekretorischen Zellen nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary In the torus semicircularis of the midbrain of lampreys a neurosecretory area was found. The mesencephalic neurosecretory nucleus develops not earlier than after metamorphosis and is only present in females. The neurosecretory material could be determined as a cystine-rich protein demonstrable in slices, with all of the methods, that are employed for the demonstration of hypothalamic neurosecretion. The neurosecretion is produced and stored in dilatated cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. No specialized storing vesicles in the form of the well-known spherical, uniformly electron-dense elementary vesicles or dense-core vesicles are present. The storing cisterns could also be demonstrated in the processes of the neurosecretory cells.
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  • 174
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    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 367-374 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Neuromuscular junction ; Synapse, Synaptoid ; Insect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The axons which innervate the ventral abdominal intersegmental muscles ofRhodnius prolixus make typical synaptic contacts with the muscles but are also neurosecretory. The neuromuscular junctions are characterised by the close apposition of the plasma membrane of the axon and that of the muscle, and also by the presence of synaptic vesicles in the axons. Every axon innervating the muscle contains neurosecretory granules and synaptoid structures. The neurosecretory granules are concentrated in groups along the axons, and appear to be released by exocytosis both locally around the muscles and generally into the haemolymph. The synaptoid structures consist of groups of electron-lucent vesicles which are usually clustered against the axolemma at sites adjacent to the haemolymph.
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  • 175
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    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ventral cord ganglia ; Limulus polyphemus ; Cell types ; Neurosecretion ; Cytochemistry ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ventral cord ganglia of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, contains six distinct cell types: three appear to be ordinary neurons and three exhibit the staining affinities of neurosecretory cells. The presumed neurosecretory cells have been termed neurosecretory cell I (NSC I), NSC II and NSC III. NSC I cells contain a colloid-like inclusion which may occur as a single small vacuole or occupy more than one-half of the cell volume. Colloid inclusions occur with greater frequency toward the periphery, although small cells of similar staining affinity occur in cords extending to the fibrous core. The histochemical tests suggest that the cytoplasm is positive for proteins, but contains no strong acidic groups which may have been derived from S-S or S-H groups. The presence of carbohydrate is also indicated. NSC II cells exhibit distinct secretory cycles. Early in the cycle the cytoplasm becomes phloxinophilic and progresses to a distinct fuchsinophilic stage. Small homogeneous irregular inclusions are found in the axon hillock during the latter stages of the cycle. Histochemical tests suggest the presence of a carbohydrate and strong acidic groups which may have been derived from S-S or S-H groups. There are small cells present which appear to be immature neurosecretory cells. NSC III cells are characterized by a perinuclear ring of cytoplasm which is stained by chrome alum hematoxylin but not by paraldehyde fuchsin. A secretory cycle may also be present in this cell type. The three cell types presumed to be ordinary neurons exhibit no particular staining affinity for the stains or tests used in this study.
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  • 176
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Mandelsäurebenzylester, Phenacetin, Coffein, Phenazon, Aminophenazon ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien mit Luminescenzindicator
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  • 177
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 264 (1973), S. 32-32 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Toxaphen und γ-Hexachlorcyclohexan ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien mit Luminescenzindicator
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  • 178
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 265 (1973), S. 271-271 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Kresolen und Phenol ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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  • 179
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 266 (1973), S. 208-208 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn, von Isomeren von Hexachlorcyclohexan ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien
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  • 180
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 266 (1973), S. 286-287 
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    Keywords: Nachw. von Pepsin-Inhibitoren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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  • 181
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 266 (1973), S. 287-288 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von DDT in Milch ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien, Humanmilch
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  • 182
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 45-45 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Phenolen, mehrwertige ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien
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  • 183
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Adrenalin und Noradrenalin ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien
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  • 184
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 46-46 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Kupfer, Nickel, Kobalt, Wismut ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; DDC-Komplexe
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  • 185
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 127-128 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phthalsäureestern in Polyvinylchlorid, Weichmachern ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine dünnschicht-chromatographische Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Phthalsäureestern in wäßrigen Weich-PVC-Extrakten wurde entwickelt. Als Lösungsmittel dient Petroläther-Diäthyläther-Eisessig (8∶2∶0,1); die Beschichtung besteht aus 0,2 mm Silicagel mit Fluorescenzzusatz. Nach Auftrennung und Elution erfolgt eine photometrische Auswertung.
    Notes: Abstract A thinlayer chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of phthalic acid esters in aqueous PVC-plastic extracts has been developed. Petroleum ether/diethyl ether/glacial acetic acid (8∶2∶0.1) is used as solvent; the plates are coated with 0.2 mm of silica gel with fluorescent agent. After separation and elution a photometric determination is performed.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 368-368 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Aminen, aromatische ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Charge-Transfer-Komplexe
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  • 187
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    Cell & tissue research 123 (1972), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Neurohypophysis ; Exocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Neurohypophyse von Ratte und Forelle ergeben, daß sich eine Exocytose von Elementargranula an den Endigungen der neurosekretorischen Fasern nur selten abspielt. Es wird daher angenommen, daß die Abgabe von Hormonen in der Neurohypophyse in der Regel nach dem Muster des „membrane-release“ abläuft. 2. Die Exocytose wird nicht durch eine unmittelbare tangentiale Fusion der Membran des Elementargranulums mit dem Plasmalemm der Nervenendigung (Axolemm) eingeleitet. Vor allem bei Anwendung eines Goniometertisches wird erkennbar, daß vor der Exocytose zwischen Axolemm und Membran des Granulums eine Verbindung in Gestalt eines Stieles entsteht. Die Länge dieses Verbindungsstückes entspricht etwa 2 Axolemmdicken. An der Basis des Stiels im Axolemm tritt das Stoma auf, durch das der Inhalt des Granulums bzw. dieses selbst das Axonende verläßt. 3. Die Herkunft kleiner membrannaher Vesikel (Durchmesser 500 Å) in den Endigungen neurosekretorischer Nervenfasern in der Neurohypophyse konnte nicht geklärt werden. Anzeichen einer kompensatorischen Endocytose im Sinne von Nagasawa, Douglas und Schulz (1970) wurden nicht beobachtet.
    Notes: Summary 1. Electron microscopical investigations of the neurohypophysis in rat and trout reveal that exocytosis of neurosecretory elementary granules from the nerve endings occurs only rarely. The authors are of the opinion that hormone release in the neural lobe follows mainly the “membrane-release” pattern. 2. Exocytosis is not performed by tangential fusion of the elementary granule membrane and the plasmalemma of the nerve ending (axolemma). Administering the goniometer technique one can observe the appearance of a stalk-like structure connecting the two membranes. The basis of the stalk in the axolemma corresponds to the site of the stoma through which the core of the vesicle leaves the nerve ending. 3. The mechanism of the origin of small clear vesicles (diameter 500 Å approx.) near the axolemma of the neurosecretory terminal has not been elucidated. The authors did not observe equivalents of a compensatory endocytosis in the vicinity of granules released by exocytosis.
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  • 188
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurones ; Lumbricus ; Monoamines ; Neurosecretion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cerebral ganglion and the ventral nerve cord of Lumbricus terrestris have been studied with the electron microscope. The results are as follows: In the neuropile small granular vesicles (300 to 500 Å) occur in some varicose nerve fibres after fixation with potassium permanganate. This indicates the presence of noradrenaline. Sometimes only a few of the vesicles produce a positive reaction. After incubation with α-methyl-noradrenaline the numbers of nerve terminals with small granular vesicles greatly increase, indicating the presence of dopamine and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine. In this case the reaction is now complete. The number of small granular vesicles is largest in the terminal swellings. These findings are consistent with histofluorescence, chemical, and microspectrofluorometric analyses, which have demonstrated noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in neurones in the central nervous system. Large granular vesicles (600 to 900 Å) are to be found in some perikarya, not identical with neurosecretory cell bodies. In this case the granular vesicles in the axon are smaller and fewer. This indicates a simultaneous proximo-distal transport and gradual decrease in size of the granular vesicles. The intraneuronal distribution of the vesicles is in agreement with the distribution of the fluorophores in the fluorescent neurones. Neurosecretory neurones are found most likely not to contain monoamines.
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  • 189
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    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 337-349 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence of birds ; Thyrotrop function ; Neurosecretion ; Light-and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The effects of TSH and PTU treatment with thyroid stimulating hormone and propylthiouracil on the structure of median eminence of the pigeon have been studied by light- and electron microscopy. 2. By light microscopy it has been found that the aldehydefuchsin positive material of the external layers of the anterior median eminence differs functionally from that of the neural lobe. 3. The light- and electron microscopic investigations revealed that the anterior and posterior median eminence differ both structurally and functionally. Specifically after the experimental interventions the considerable reaction can be observed only in the anterior median eminence. 4. Electron microscopically it appears possible that the aldehyde-fuchsin positive material of the anterior median eminence may be associated with the 1200–1500 Å—size granules. 5. The quantitative changes observed in the granular composition after the treatments show a close correlation with thyroid function, namely after treatment with thyroid stimulating hormone the relative quantity of the 1200–1500 Å—size granules increases markedly, while administration of propylthiouracil has the opposite effect and increases the relative quantity of the 1000 Å—size dense-core vesicles. They presumably may play a role in the control of TSH-secretion.
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  • 190
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    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 25-34 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Rat ; Perivascular cells ; Neurosecretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study is to investigate the ultrastructural features of perivascular cells as found in the neural lobe of the hypophysis. In particular, an inquiry was made into the nature of the relationship of such cells to neurosecretory fibers and endings. The latter, in fact, are often invaginated within the perivascular cells and enveloped by their processes; furthermore, they often reveal a certain number of empty granules as well as characteristics of degenerative nature. In the course of this study the localization of the perivascular cells has been investigated as well as that of their processes within the extensive interlobular network typical of the hypophysial neural lobe of rodents. Based on the data gathered, the hypothesis is put forward that the perivascular cells play an important role in the turnover of neurosecretory endings, both under physiological and experimental conditions, contributing thereby to the release of post-hypophysial hormones.
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  • 191
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    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 92-113 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretory granule ; Rat ; Membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurosecretory granules (NSG) of rat posterior pituitary glands were prepared by differential centrifugation techniques mainly according to the procedure as described by Barer, Heller and Lederis (1963). As revealed by electron microscopy, the recovery of neurophysin and the contents of enzymes, purified NSG were obtained in a pellet at 30 000 g/60 min (0.44 M sucrose). Eighteen h after injection of (35S) cysteine into the supraoptic nucleus 60% of the recovered radioactivity in the neural lobe was found in the NSG, whereas 20% was found in the final supernatant (100 000 g/120 min). Sixteen days after injection the NSG and the final supernatant fraction contained fairly equal amount of (35S) cysteine (approximately 40%). It is suggested that after a period of intragranular maturation neurophysin is extruded into an extragranular pool of neurosecretory material. With the use of conventional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis it was shown that the predominating proportion of radioactivity in the NSG after a hypothalamic injection of (35S) cysteine was located within the neurophysin fraction A and in fraction B. Fraction B is suggested to be partly bound to the NSG membranes. When the NSG soluble and NSG insoluble proteins, obtained after lysis of NSG, were separated on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate, the highly radioactive soluble protein was shown to consist of two components with average molecular weights of 12 300 and 14 600. Most of the proteins in the lysate were found in the NSG membranes, though less radioactive. A component with a mol.wt. of 37 000 was enriched in the membrane fraction. At longer times after isotope injection the high mol.wt. proteins, particularly those of the NSG membranes, contained increased amounts of radioactivity.
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  • 192
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    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 383-402 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleus praeopticus ; Xenopus, tadpole ; Neurosecretion ; Osmoregulation ; Fluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the preoptic nucleus of Xenopus laevis tadpoles during metamorphosis was studied and the effect of osmotic stimulation on this process investigated. The development of this region was not affected by treatment for one or more days in hypertonic media. It was found that at the end of metamorphosis the neurosecretory cells in the preoptic nucleus are localized in three regions: the rostro-dorsal, the caudo-dorsal and the ventral region. After osmotic stimulation only the neurosecretory cells of the caudo-dorsal region appeared to have reacted, as indicated by their loss of neurosecretory (PIC positive) material. It is concluded that the cells of this region may be involved in the synthesis of the posterior lobe hormones.
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  • 193
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    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 114-139 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Pituitary gland ; Rat ; Neurophysin ; Vasopressin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The release of neurophysin from neural lobe tissue slices and isolated neurosecretory granules of the rat was studied at various time intervals after injection of (35S) cysteine into the supraoptic nucleus. For hours after isotope injection the release of radioactive neurophysin from neural lobe tissue was increased by depolarizing concentration of potassium in the presence of calcium ions. Fourteen and 30 days after isotope injection the release of radioactive neurophysin was relatively decreased in a medium of high potassium concentration which might be explained by the heterogeneity of the pool of neurophysin within the neural lobe. Four h after isotope injection the “spontaneous” release of neurophysin from neural lobe tissue was higher in dehydrated rats than in controls, and the neural lobes of these animals did not respond with an increased release of radioactive neurophysin when exposed to high potassium concentration. Eighteen h after isotope injection the predominating proportion of neurophysin-bound radioactivity was found in the neurosecretory granule fraction, whereas 14 days after injection a fairly equal amount of radioactivity was found in this fraction and in the “soluble” protein fraction. This indicates that with time an increasing amount of radioactive neurophysin passes from an intragranular to an extragranular pool. The spontaneous release of radioactive neurophysin from isolated neurosecretory granules was higher, and the increase of release upon exposure to an ATP-regenerating system was higher 14 days after isotope injection than 18 h after injection. This may imply that the neurosecretory material undergoes an intragranular “maturation” process to become more easily releasable. The release of radioactive neurophysin was inhibited in the presence of AMP and EDTA, which demonstrates the dependence of the release process of an ATPase and, probably, of calcium ions. Neurosecretory granules from dehydrated rats possessed a higher spontaneous release than those of control rats 18 h after injection, which may indicate an enhanced intragranular “maturation” process of the neurosecretory material due to osmotic stimulation.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 262 (1972), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Aminen, aromat, und Phenolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; mit Peroxodisulfat
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 262 (1972), S. 192-192 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Pesticiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; an Fertigfolien
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  • 196
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Aminen, aromatische, Phenolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien imprägniert mit Diazidodisulfostilben
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  • 197
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von 5-Phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepinen, Chlorazepate, Chlordiazepoxid, Diazepam, Medazepam, Nitrazepam ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; zweidimensional, saure Hydrolyse Nachw. von Tranquilizern ; Chromatographie ; Dünnschicht ; 5-Phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Analysenmethode zum Nachweis und zur Trennung von fünf 5-Phenyl-1,4-benzo-diazepinen (Chlorazepate, Chlordiazepoxid, Diazepam, Medazepam, Nitrazepam) beschrieben. Nach einer Trennung in der ersten Laufrichtung eines zweidimensionalen Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammes werden die Benzodiazepine durch Behandeln mit Salzsäure in Benzophenonderivate überführt. Die nachfolgende Trennung in der zweiten Laufrichtung gibt Strukturhinweise und führt zu einer empfindlichen Charakterisierung. Die Nachweisgrenze beträgt etwa 0,02 μg.
    Notes: Abstract An analysis method for the separation and detection of five 5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepines (Chlorazepate, Chlordiazepoxid, Diazepam, Medazepam, Nitrazepam) is described. After separation in the first dimension of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatograms, the benzodiazepines may be converted to benzophenone derivatives by means of treatment with hydrochloric acid. The subsequent separation in the second dimension provides structural information and permits exact specification by way of Rf-values and Bratton-Marshall detection. With this method contents as low as 0.02 μg can be detected.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 262 (1972), S. 287-287 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von 4-Aminoantipyrin, Phenazon, Aminophenazon, Phenylbutazon ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien mit Luminescenzindicator
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 262 (1972), S. 364-365 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Abtrenn. von Uran, Vanadium, Molybdän, Titan, Zirkonium, Kobalt, Nickel, Kupfer, Eisen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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  • 200
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Diuretica ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; unterschiedliche Schichten
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