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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Richards' gland and associated cuticular modifications in social wasps of the genusPolybia Lepeletier (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae, Polybiini) (1982)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 280-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung O.W. Richards hat in letzter Zeit eine exocrine Drüse entdeckt, deren Offnung sich am fünften (Penultimal) Sterniten von Weibchen befindet. Diese Insekten gehören zu einer ganzen Zahl von Polybiine Wespen Arten. Wir beschreiben hier die Morphologie einer Drüse, bestimmt durch Licht-Microscopie, in vier Arten vonPolybia. Die Drüsenzellen haben individuelle Offnungen an der Oberfläche des Sterniten, wo ihre Absonderung in einem von der intersegmentalen Membrane Behälter aufgehoben wird. Die Anderungen in der sternalen Cuticula, wo sich die Drüsenöffnung befindet, wurden in 12Polybia Arten mit dem Elektronen-mikroskop untersucht. Wir fanden 2 Typen von Anderungen: bei 5 Arten öffnet sich die Drüse in eine transverse Rinne, und bei 7 Arten bildet die Cuticula aufrechte Schuppen. Es hat den Anschein daß Drüsen dort grösser sind wo Rinnen vorkommen, obwohl das Insekt an sich nicht grösser ist.
    Notes: Summary O.W. Richards recently discovered an exocrine gland that opens on the fifth (penultimate) sternite of females of many species of polybiine wasps. Recent experimental evidence indicates that this gland produces the trail pheromone used to guide the swarm during emigration to a new nest site. In the present paper we describe the morphology of the gland in four species ofPolybia as seen using light microscopy. The gland cells open via individual ducts onto the surface near the anterior margin of the sternite, where their secretion is evidently stored in a reservoir formed by the intersegmental membrane. The modifications of the sternal cuticle associated with the gland opening, which we examined in 12Polybia species using scanning electron microscopy, are of two types: in five species the gland opens into a transverse groove, while in the other seven the cuticle is raised into erect scales. There is some evidence that the groove type is correlated with larger gland size; there is only a poor correlation with larger body size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02228757
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of sternal glands in male polistine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidæ) (1985)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 32 (1985), S. 186-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Männliche Sternaldrüsen sind beschrieben für 28 Wespenarten von 12 polistinen Gattungen. Drüsen und zugehörene kutikulare Änderungen dieser und früherer beschreibten Männchen wurden mit Drüsen der konspezifischen Weibchen verglichen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass Männchen in 4 schwärmenden Gattungen Drüsen haben, die morphologisch und örtlich denen der Weibchen ähnlich sind. Diese Drüsen haben Kanäle, welche entweder mit aufrechten Schuppen am vorderen Rand des fünften Sterniten (Metapolybia, Chartergus, undPolybia) oder mit einem Band von Haaren an dem vorderen Rand des vierten und füften Sterniten (Apoica) versehen sind. Männchen vonRopalidia montana haben Kanal-Zellen auf dem fünften und sechsten Sterniten, während Weibchen solche nur auf dem sechsten Sterniten haben. Bei Männchen vorBrachygastra augusti sind Kanal-Zellen auf dem fünften, sechsten und siebten Sterniten zu finden, während die Weibchen solche nur auf dem fünften haben. Im gegensatz zu Weibchen, haben diese Drüsen keine abgeänderte Kutikula. Arten, die zu den anderen drei Schärmenden Gattungen gehören, zeigen bei Männchen keine Sternaldrüsen vor. Männchen von Gattungen, die Kolonien unabhängig gründen (Mischocyttarus, Polistes, Belonogaster, Parapolybia), haben Drüsenzellen die den hinteren 2/3 oder halben Teil des Sterniten bedecken, während bei Weibchen, diese Drüsenzellen am vorderen Teil des Sternits vorkommen.
    Notes: Summary The sternal glands of 28 species of male wasps belonging to 12 polistine genera are described. Glands and associated cuticular modifications of these males and of males described in past studies are compared to those of conspecific females. Males in species of four swarm-founding genera have glandular areas similar in morphology and location to those of females. The glands are comprised of ducted cells associated with either a bed of erect cuticular scales along the anterior edge of the fifth sternite (Metapolybia, Chartergus, andPolybia) or a band of hairs along the anterior margin of both the fifth and sixth sternites(Apoica). Ropalidia montana males have ducted gland cells on sternites five and six, rather than just on six as in congeneric females;Brachygastra augusti males have them on sternites five through seven, rather than just on five as in their conspecific females. Also unlike those of conspecific females, these glands are not associated with any cuticular modification. Species in the remaining three swarm-founding genera lack male sternal glands. Males of independent-founding genera (Mischocyttarus, Polistes, Belonogaster, andParapolybia) have glandular cells covering the posterior 2/3 or 1/2 of the sternite, rather than the anterior portion as in their congeneric females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224232
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex Pheromone inPolistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Effect of age, caste and mating (1985)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 32 (1985), S. 70-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Weibchen jeden Alters, Kasten als wohl als solche mit früherer Kopulationserfahrung verursachten geschlechtliches Verhalten bei Männchen der sozialen WespePolistes fuscatus (F.). Gifte der Arbeiter, Königinnen, unbefruchteten Weibchen 〉 24 Stunden alt und befruchtete Weibchen 〉 14 Tage alt waren wirksam und riefen männliches sexual Verhalten hervor. Aus diesem Grunde enthalten diese Gifte Geschlechtspheromone. Gift von Weibchen 〈 15 h alt riefen kein heufigeres Geschlechtsverhalten hervor als Kontrol-Weibchen.
    Notes: Summary Females of all ages, castes, and prior mating experiences elicited sexual behavior in males of the social waspPolistes fuscatus (F.). The venoms of workers, queens, uninseminated gynes more than 24 hours old, and inseminated gynes more than 14 days old were effective in stimulating male sexual behavior, and thus contained sex pheromone. The venom of gynes less than 15 hours old did not stimulate a significantly greater frequency of male sexual behavior than did the control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02233227
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of tissue extracts and temperature on lactate dehydrogenase isozymes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Enzymology & Biological Oxidation 122 (1966), S. 541-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0926-6593
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0926-6593(66)90047-6
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spectrophotometric method for the assay of lactic dehydrogenase subunits
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 15 (1966), S. 470-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(66)90108-4
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An interpretation of Moire interferometry from wavefront interference theory
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Optics and Lasers in Engineering 12 (1990), S. 101-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-8166
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0143-8166(90)90011-W
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Hartree-Fock and Xα descriptions of small copper cluster electronic structures
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 86 (1982), S. 176-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-2614(82)83264-8
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress in resolving power and particle control issues for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor : The 38th annual meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) of the American Physical Society (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 2631-2641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent tokamak divertor experiments with "detached" and "partially detached" divertor regimes show that a major portion of the heating power can be radiated to the walls to reduce the peak heat loads on divertor plates and that a combination of fueling and pumping can control the plasma density and exhaust impurities such as He. Tokamak transport codes and divertor modeling codes have been developed that can reproduce and predict the major features of these experiments. The combination of these recent experiments and the use of the models to extrapolate to ITER have led to the development of a concept for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor [R. Aymar, Fusion Technol. 30, 397 (1996)] power and particle control system, which relies upon a single null "vertical target" divertor with gas and pellet fueling and active pumping. The experiments indicate that energy confinement can be adversely affected if the recycling neutrals and impurities are not well confined in the divertor, so that efficient confinement of neutrals in the divertor is a key feature of the divertor design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculations of energy losses due to atomic processes in tokamaks with applications to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor divertor (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2328-2336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Reduction of the peak heat loads on the plasma facing components is essential for the success of the next generation of high fusion power tokamaks such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [Rebut et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, in press)]. Many present concepts for accomplishing this involve the use of atomic processes to transfer the heat from the plasma to the main chamber and divertor chamber walls and much of the experimental and theoretical physics research in the fusion program is directed toward this issue. The results of these experiments and calculations depend upon a complex interplay of many processes. In order to identify the key features of these experiments and calculations and the relative role of the primary atomic processes, simple quasianalytic models and the latest atomic physics rate coefficients and cross sections have been used to assess the relative roles of central radiation losses through bremsstrahlung, impurity radiation losses from the plasma edge, charge exchange and hydrogen radiation losses from the scrape-off layer, and divertor plasma and impurity radiation losses from the divertor plasma. This analysis indicates that bremsstrahlung from the plasma center and impurity radiation from the plasma edge and divertor plasma can each play a significant role in reducing the power to the divertor plates, and identifies many of the factors which determine the relative role of each process. For instance, for radiation losses in the divertor to be large enough to radiate the power in the divertor for high power experiments, a neutral fraction of 10−3 to 10−2 and an impurity recycling rate of neτrecycle of ∼1016 s m−3 will be required in the divertor. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871257
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITER physics program and implications for plasma measurements (abstract) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 887-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147712
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