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Fault imaging at Mt Pollino (Italy) from relative location of microearthquakes (2021)

Napolitano, Ferdinando ; Galluzzo, Danilo ; Gervasi, Anna ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-26

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: Relative location of microearthquakes that occurred at Mt Pollino (Italy) from 2011 to 2013 have been analyzed with the aim of a detailed imaging of the geometry of active faults. We identified 27 clusters composed of a number of earthquakes from 9 to 33, with local magnitude in the range 0.6–2.7. The relative location shows that the distribution of hypocentres in each cluster is characterized by extension from few tens of meters to at most 350 m. For each cluster the hypocentre distribution was fitted by a plane to infer the fault orientation, and results were compared with the fault plane solutions corresponding to the focal mechanism of earthquakes of the same cluster. The comparison shows a good agreement in most of the cases. The relative location analysis, generally applied to earthquakes with similar waveform, has been improved to permit also the relative location of earthquakes characterized by not similar signals. To achieve this purpose a modified procedure that overcome the condition of very similar waveforms has been applied to estimate the time delay between first pulses of the master events. The relative location of master events of all clusters shows a precise imaging of the relative position of all analysed sources and allows also to follow with high accuracy the evolution in time of the seismic swarm within the selected periods. The hypocentre position of master events and the nearly parallel fitting planes of any clusters suggest that most of the analyzed earthquakes were produced by different patches of the same fault. The final results depict a main fault plane characterized by NW–SE strike, dip of about 35–45° and depth between 4.5 and 6.5 km b.s.l. Focal mechanisms, used also to evaluate the local stress field, are mostly of normal type with few strike slip solutions for the shallowest events. This result is in good agreement with the local tectonic stress regime that is characterized by predominant NE–SW transtension, as inferred from structural, seismological and geophysical data.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 637–648

Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Persistence, memory, correlations, clustering, Spatial analysis, Crustal imaging, Earthquake source observations, Seismicity and tectonics

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Physics-based simulation of sequences with multiple main shocks in Central Italy (2020)

Console, Rodolfo ; Murru, Maura ; Vannoli, Paola ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-26

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved

Beschreibung: The application of a physics-based earthquake simulator to Central Italy allowed the compilation of a synthetic seismic catalogue spanning 100 000 yr, containing more than 300 000 M ≥ 4.0 simulated earthquakes, without the limitations that real catalogues suffer in terms of completeness, homogeneity and time duration. The seismogenic model upon which we applied the simulator code was derived from version 3.2.1 of the Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS; http://diss.rm.ingv.it/diss/), selecting, and modifying where appropriate, all the fault systems that are recognized in the portion of Central Italy considered in this study, with a total of 54 faults. Besides tectonic stress loading and static stress transfer as in the previous versions, the physical model on which the latest version of our simulation algorithm is based also includes the Rate and State constitutive law that helps to reproduce Omori’s law. One further improvement in our code was also the introduction of trapezoidalshaped faults that perform better than known faults. The resulting synthetic seismic catalogue exhibits typical magnitude, space and time features which are comparable to those in real observations. These features include the total seismic moment rate, the earthquake magnitude distribution, and the short- and medium-term earthquake clustering. A typical aspect of the observed seismicity in Central Italy, aswell as across thewhole Italian landmass and elsewhere, is the occurrence of earthquake sequences characterized by multiple main shocks of similar magnitude. These sequences are different from the usual earthquake clusters and aftershock sequences, since they have at least two main shocks of similar magnitude. Therefore, special attentionwas devoted to verifyingwhether the simulated catalogue includes this notable aspect. For this purpose, we developed a computer code especially for this work to count the number of multiple events contained in a seismic catalogue under a quantitative definition. We found that the last version of the simulator code produces a slightly larger number of multiple events than the previous versions, but not as large as in the real catalogue. A possible reason for this drawback is the lack of components such as pore-pressure changes due to fluid-diffusion in the adopted physical model.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 526–542

Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Upper mantle deformation signatures of craton–orogen interaction in the Carpathian–Pannonian region from SKS anisotropy analysis (2021)

Petrescu, Laura ; Stuart, Graham W. ; Houseman, Gregory ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-31

Beschreibung: Since the Mesozoic, central and eastern European tectonics have been dominated by the closure of the Tethyan Ocean as the African and European plates collided. In the Miocene, the edge of the East European Craton and Moesian Platform were reworked in collision during the Carpathian orogeny and lithospheric extension formed the Pannonian Basin. To investigate the mantle deformation signatures associated with this complex collisional-extensional system, we carry out SKS splitting analysis at 123 broad-band seismic stations in the region. We compare our measurements with estimates of lithospheric thickness and recent seismic tomography models to test for correlation with mantle heterogeneities. Reviewing splitting delay times in light of xenolith measurements of anisotropy yields estimates of anisotropic layer thickness. Fast polarization directions are mostly NW–SE oriented across the seismically slow West Carpathians and Pannonian Basin and are independent of geological boundaries, absolute plate motion direction or an expected palaeo-slab roll-back path. Instead, they are systematically orthogonal to maximum stress directions, implying that the indenting Adria Plate, the leading deformational force in Central Europe, reset the upper-mantle mineral fabric in the past 5 Ma beneath the Pannonian Basin, overprinting the anisotropic signature of earlier tectonic events. Towards the east, fast polarization directions are perpendicular to steep gradients of lithospheric thickness and align along the edges of fast seismic anomalies beneath the Precambrian-aged Moesian Platform in the South Carpathians and the East European Craton, supporting the idea that craton roots exert a strong influence on the surrounding mantle flow. Within the Moesian Platform, SKS measurements become more variable with Fresnel zone arguments indicating a shallow fossil lithospheric source of anisotropy likely caused by older tectonic deformation frozen in the Precambrian. In the Southeast Carpathian corner, in the Vrancea Seismic Zone, a lithospheric fragment that sinks into the mantle is sandwiched between two slow anomalies, but smaller SKS delay times reveal weaker anisotropy occurs mainly to the NW side, consistent with asymmetric upwelling adjacent to a slab, slower mantle velocities and recent volcanism.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2105–2118

Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Seismic anisotropy ; geodynamics ; Seismic anisotropy and geodynamics

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Broad-band ground-motion simulation of 2016 Amatrice earthquake, Central Italy (2021)

Pischiutta, Marta ; Akinci, Aybige ; Tinti, Elisa ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-21

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: On 24 August 2016 at 01:36 UTC a ML6.0 earthquake struck several villages in central Italy, among which Accumoli, Amatrice and Arquata del Tronto. The earthquake was recorded by about 350 seismic stations, causing 299 fatalities and damage with macroseismic intensities up to 11. The maximum acceleration was observed at Amatrice station (AMT) reaching 916 cm s–2 on E–W component, with epicentral distance of 15 km and Joyner and Boore distance to the fault surface (RJB) of less than a kilometre. Motivated by the high levels of observed ground motion and damage, we generate broad-band seismograms for engineering purposes by adopting a hybrid method. To infer the low frequency seismograms, we considered the kinematic slip model by Tinti et al . The high frequency seismograms were produced using a stochastic finite-fault model approach based on dynamic corner-frequency. Broadband synthetic time-series were therefore obtained by merging the low and high frequency seismograms. Simulated hybrid ground motions were compared both with the observed ground motions and the ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs), to explore their performance and to retrieve the region-specific parameters endorsed for the simulations. In the near-fault area we observed that hybrid simulations have a higher capability to detect near source effects and to reproduce the source complexity than the use of GMPEs. Indeed, the general good consistency found between synthetic and observed ground motion (both in the time and frequency domain), suggests that the use of regional-specific source scaling and attenuation parameters together with the source complexity in hybrid simulations improves ground motion estimations. To include the site effect in stochastic simulations at selected stations, we tested the use of amplification curves derived from HVRSs (horizontal-to-vertical response spectra) and from HVSRs (horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios) rather than the use of generic curves according to NTC18 Italian seismic design code. We generally found a further reduction of residuals between observed and simulated both in terms of time histories and spectra.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1753–1779

Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Rapid Prediction of Earthquake Ground Shaking Intensity Using Raw Waveform Data and a Convolutional Neural Network (2021)

Jozinović, Dario ; Lomax, Anthony ; Štajduhar, Ivan ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-16

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved

Beschreibung: This study describes a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based technique for the prediction of intensity measurements (IMs) of ground shaking. The input data to the CNN model consists of multistation 3C broadband and accelerometric waveforms recorded during the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence for M $\ge$ 3.0. We find that the CNN is capable of predicting accurately the IMs at stations far from the epicenter and that have not yet recorded the maximum ground shaking when using a 10 s window starting at the earthquake origin time. The CNN IM predictions do not require previous knowledge of the earthquake source (location and magnitude). Comparison between the CNN model predictions and the predictions obtained with Bindi et al. (2011) GMPE (which require location and magnitude) has shown that the CNN model features similar error variance but smaller bias. Although the technique is not strictly designed for earthquake early warning, we found that it can provide useful estimates of ground motions within 15-20 sec after earthquake origin time depending on various setup elements (e.g., times for data transmission, computation, latencies). The technique has been tested on raw data without any initial data pre-selection in order to closely replicate real-time data streaming. When noise examples were included with the earthquake data, the CNN was found to be stable predicting accurately the ground shaking intensity corresponding to the noise amplitude.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1379–1389

Beschreibung: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Physics - Geophysics; Physics - Geophysics ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Understanding seismic path biases and magmatic activity at Mount St Helens volcano before its 2004 eruption (2021)

Gabrielli, Simona ; De Siena, Luca ; Napolitano, Ferdinando ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-16

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: In volcanoes, topography, shallow heterogeneity and even shallow morphology can substan- tially modify seismic coda signals. Coda waves are an essential tool to monitor eruption dynamics and model volcanic structures jointly and independently from velocity anomalies: it is thus fundamental to test their spatial sensitivity to seismic path effects. Here, we apply the Multiple Lapse Time Window Analysis (MLTWA) to measure the relative importance of scattering attenuation vs absorption at Mount St Helens volcano before its 2004 erup- tion. The results show the characteristic dominance of scattering attenuation in volcanoes at lower frequencies (3–6 Hz), while absorption is the primary attenuation mechanism at 12 and 18 Hz. Scattering attenuation is similar but seismic absorption is one order of magnitude lower than at open-conduit volcanoes, like Etna and Kilauea, a typical behaviour of a (rela- tively) cool magmatic plumbing system. Still, the seismic albedo (measuring the ratio between seismic energy emitted and received from the area) is anomalously high (0.95) at 3 Hz. A radiative-transfer forward model of far- and near-field envelopes confirms this is due to strong near-receiver scattering enhancing anomalous phases in the intermediate and late coda across the 1980 debris avalanche and central crater. Only above this frequency and in the far-field diffusion onsets at late lapse times. The scattering and absorption parameters derived from MLTWA are used as inputs to construct 2-D frequency-dependent bulk sensitivity kernels for the S-wave coda in the multiple-scattering (using the Energy Transport Equations—ETE) and diffusive (AD, independent of MLTWA results) regimes. At 12 Hz, high coda-attenuation anomalies characterize the eastern side of the volcano using both kernels, in spatial correla- tion with low-velocity anomalies from literature. At 3 Hz, the anomalous albedo, the forward modelling, and the results of the tomographic imaging confirm that shallow heterogeneity beneath the extended 1980 debris-avalanche and crater enhance anomalous intermediate and late coda phases, mapping shallow geological contrasts. We remark the effect this may have on coda-dependent source inversion and tomography, currently used across the world to image and monitor volcanoes. At Mount St Helens, higher frequencies and deep borehole data are necessary to reconstruct deep volcanic structures with coda waves.

Beschreibung: Scottish Alliance for Geosciences Environment and Society and the Kleinman Grant for Volcano Research

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 169-188

Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra

Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani

Beschreibung: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): NorthAmerica ; Wave scattering and diffraction. ; Codawaves ; Seismicattenuation ; Seismic tomography ; Volcano seismology ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Methodology to identify the reference rock sites in regions of medium-to-high seismicity: an application in Central Italy (2021)

Lanzano, Giovanni ; Felicetta, Chiara ; Pacor, Francesca ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-14

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: To evaluate the site response using both empirical approaches (e.g. standard spectral ratio, ground motion models (GMMs), generalized inversion techniques, etc.) and numerical 1-D/2-D analyses, the definition of the reference motion, that is the ground motion recorded at stations unaffected by site-effects due to topographic, stratigraphic or basin effects, is needed. The main objective of this work is to define a robust strategy to identify the seismic stations that can be considered as reference rock sites, using six proxies for the site response: three proxies are related to the analysis of geophysical and seismological data (the repeatable site term from the residual analysis, the resonance frequencies from horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios on noise or earthquake signals, the average shear wave velocity in the first 30 m); the remaining ones concern geomorphological and installation features (outcropping rocks or stiff soils, flat topography and absence of interaction with structures). We introduce a weighting scheme to take into account the availability and the quality of the site information, as well as the fulfillment of the criterion associated to each proxy. We also introduce a hierarchical index, to take into account the relevance of the proposed proxies in the description of the site effects, and an acceptance threshold for reference rock sites identification. The procedure is applied on a very large data set, composed by accelerometric and velocimetric waveforms, recorded in Central Italy in the period 2008–2018. This data set is composed by more than 30 000 waveforms relative to 450 earthquakes in the magnitude range 3.2–6.5 and recorded by more than 450 stations. A total of 36 out of 133 candidate stations are identified as reference sites: the majority of them are installed on rock with flat topography, but this condition is not sufficient to guarantee the absence of amplifications, especially at high frequencies. Seismological analyses are necessary to exclude stations affected by resonances. We test the impact of using these sites by calibrating a GMMs. The results show that for reference rock sites the median predictions are reduced down to about 45 per cent at short periods in comparison to the generic rock motions.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2053–2067

Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Arrival-angle effects on two-receiver measurements of phase velocity (2021)

Magrini, Fabrizio ; Diaferia, Giovanni ; Boschi, Lapo ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-14

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: We compile a data set of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities between pairs of stations, based on teleseismic events located on the same great circle as the two stations. We validate our observations against dispersion estimates based on ambient-noise cross correlations at the same station pairs. Discrepancies between the results of the two methods can in principle be explained by deviations in the wave propagation path between earthquake and receivers, due to lateral heterogeneity in the Earth’s structure, but the latter effect has, so far, not been precisely quantified nor corrected for. We implement an algorithm to measure the arrival angle of earthquake-generated surface waves and correct the dispersion measurements accordingly. Application to a data set from the Central-Western Mediterranean shows that the arrival-angle correction almost entirely accounts for the discrepancy in question, decreasing significantly the velocity bias for a wide range of periods.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1838–1844

Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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3-D Q-coda attenuation structure at Mt. Etna (Italy) (2021)

Giampiccolo, Elisabetta ; Del Pezzo, Edoardo ; Tuvè, Tiziana ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-16

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©: The Authors 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: Three dimensional attenuation images of Mt Etna volcano obtained by the analysis of Q-coda from local volcano-tectonic earthquakes are presented in this work. Seismic sources are confined inside the Etna structure with a maximum focal depth of 35 km below the sea level. The space distribution of the attenuation values was calculated by using 3-D weighting functions derived by the sensitivity kernels of Pacheco & Snieders and approximated by a polynomial interpolation, represented in the maps by using a backprojection method. Data were analyzed in four bands with central frequency placed at 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 Hz, respectively. We observed a frequency dependence of Q-coda with values that range from 55 at 1.5 Hz to 218 at 12 Hz. Q-coda space distribution in the Etna area shows almost uniformity in the average attenuation in the first 35 km below the surface. The images were derived with a resolution of 5 km. We observe as one of our main conclusions that Q-coda attenuation space anomalies are correlated with the areas of highest structural heterogeneities and are distributed along the well-known tectonic structures which characterize the crust in Mt Etna region. Previous and numerous velocity and attenuation images describing the structure of Mt Etna support our main conclusion: high Q-coda volumes almost coincide with the zones marked by high velocity and relative low total attenuation for direct waves.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 544–558

Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Source modelling and strong ground motion simulations for the 24 January 2020, Mw 6.8 Elazığ earthquake, Turkey (2021)

Cheloni, Daniele ; Akinci, Aybige

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-29

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: On 24 January 2020 an Mw 6.8 earthquake occurred at 20:55 local time (17:55 UTC) in eastern Turkey, close to the town of Sivrice in the Elazığ province, causing widespread considerable seismic damage in buildings. In this study, we analyse the main features of the rupture process and the seismic ground shaking during the Elazığ earthquake. We first use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) interferograms (Sentinel-1 satellites) to constrain the fault geometry and the coseismic slip distribution of the causative fault segment. Then, we utilize this information to analyse the ground motion characteristics of the main shock in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV) and spectral accelerations. The absence of seismic registrations in near-field for this earthquake imposes major constraints on the computation of seismic ground motion estimations in the study area. To do this, we have used a stochastic finite-fault simulation method to generate high-frequency ground motions synthetics for the Mw 6.8 Elazığ 2020 earthquake. Finally, we evaluate the potential state of stress of the unruptured portions of the causative fault segment as well as of adjacent segments, using the Coulomb stress failure function variations. Modelling of geodetic data shows that the 2020 Elazığ earthquake ruptured two major slip patches (for a total length of about 40 km) located along the Pütürge segment of the well-known left-lateral strike-slip East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), with up to 2.3 m of slip and an estimated geodetic moment of 1.70 × 1019 Nm (equivalent to a Mw 6.8). The position of the hypocentre supports the evidence of marked WSW rupture directivity during the main shock. In terms of ground motion characteristics, we observe that the high-frequency stochastic ground motion simulations have a good capability to reproduce the source complexity and capture the ground motion attenuation decay as a function of distance, up to the 200 km. We also demonstrate that the design spectra corresponding to 475 yr return period, provided by the new Turkish building code is not exceeded by the simulated seismograms in the epicentral area where there are no strong motion stations and no recordings available. Finally, based on the Coulomb stress distribution computation, we find that the Elazığ main shock increased the stress level of the westernmost part of the Pütürge fault and of the adjacent Palu segment and as a result of an off-fault lobe.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1054–1068

Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Ontogeny of osmoregulation of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus at an invaded site of Europe (2021)

Torres, Gabriela ; Charmantier, Guy ; Giménez, Luis

Oxford University Press

In: EPIC3Conservation Physiology, Oxford University Press, 9(1), ISSN: 2051-1434

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-01

Beschreibung: We studied the ontogeny of osmoregulation of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus at an invaded area in the North Sea. H. sanguineus is native to Japan and China but has successfully invaded the Atlantic coast of North America and Europe. In the invaded areas, H. sanguineus is becoming a keystone species as driver of community structure and the adults compete with the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Strong osmoregulatory abilities may confer the potential to use and invade coastal areas already earlier in the life cycle. We reared larvae and first juveniles at 24°C in seawater from hatching to intermoult of each developmental stage (zoea I-V, megalopa, crab I). We exposed each stage to a range of salinities (0–39 ppt) for 24 h, and then we quantified haemolymph osmolality, using nano-osmometry. In addition, we quantified osmolality in field-collected adults after acclimation to the test salinities for 6 days. Larvae of H. sanguineus were able to hyper-osmoregulate at low salinities (15 and 20 ppt) over the complete larval development, although the capacity was reduced at the zoeal stage V; at higher salinities (25–39 ppt), all larval stages were osmoconformers. The capacity to slightly hypo-regulate at high salinity appeared in the first juvenile. Adults were able to hyper-osmoregulate at low salinities and hypo-regulate at concentrated seawater (39 ppt). H. sanguineus showed a strong capacity to osmoregulate as compared to its native competitor C. maenas, which only hyper-regulates at the first and last larval stages and does not hypo-regulate at the juvenile-adult stages. The capacity of H. sanguineus to osmoregulate over most of the life cycle should underpin the potential to invade empty niches in the coastal zone (characterized by low salinity and high temperatures). Osmoregulation abilities over the whole life cycle also constitute a strong competitive advantage over C. maenas.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , NonPeerReviewed

Format: application/pdf

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The ground deformation of the south-eastern flank of Mount Etna monitored by GNSS and SAR interferometry from 2016 to 2019 (2023)

Carnemolla, Francesco ; De Guidi, Giorgio ; Bonforte, Alessandro ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-27

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: The south-eastern sector of the Mount Etna, Italy, is characterized by numerous active faults, in particular the Belpasso–Ognina lineament, the Tremestieri–San Gregorio–Acitrezza fault, the Trecastagni fault and the Fiandaca–Nizzeti fault including the Timpe Fault System. Their activity is the result of both volcanism and tectonics. Here, we analyse the ground deformation occurred from 2016 to 2019 across those active faults by using the GNSS data acquired at 22 permanent stations and 35 campaign points observed by the Etna Observatory (INGV) and by the University of Catania. We also use the time-series of line of sight displacement of permanent scatterers SENTINEL-1 A-DInSAR obtained by using the P-SBAS tool of the ESA GEP-TEP (Geohazards Thematic Exploitation Platform) service. We discriminate the contributions of the regional tectonic strain, the inflations, the deflations of the volcano and the gravitational sliding in order to analyse the deformation along the faults of the south-eastern flank of Etna. The shallow and destructive Mw = 4.9 earthquake of 2018 December 26 occurred within the studied area two days after a dyke intrusion, that propagated beneath the centre of the volcano accompanied by a short eruption. Both GNSS and InSAR time-series document well those events and allow to investigate the post-seismic sliding across the faults of south-eastern flank. We analyse the slow slip events (SSE) that are observed in the GNSS and InSAR time-series in the vicinity of the Acitrezza fault. We quantify and discuss the tectonic origin of the Belpasso–Ognina lineament that we interpreted as a tear fault.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 664–682

Beschreibung: OST3 Vicino alla faglia

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Satellite geodesy ; Transient deformation ; Interferometry ; Fractures ; fault ; Volcano monitoring

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Strong ground-motion prediction equations from induced earthquakes in St. Gallen geothermal field, Switzerland (2023)

Sharma, Nitin ; Convertito, Vincenzo ; De Matteis, Raffaella ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-03-15

Beschreibung: Ground shaking, whether it is due to natural or induced earthquakes, has always been a matter of concern since it correlates with structural/non-structural damage and can culminate in human anxiety. Industrial activities such as water injection, gas sequestration and waste fluid disposals, promote induced seismicity and consequent ground shaking that can hinder ongoing activities. Therefore, keeping in mind the importance of timely evaluation of a seismic hazard and its mitigation for societal benefits, the present study proposes specifically designed ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) from induced earthquakes in the St. Gallen geothermal area, Switzerland. The data analysed in this study consist of 343 earthquakes with magnitude −1.17 ≤ ML, corr ≤ 3.5 and hypocentral distance between 4 and 15 km. The proposed study is one of the first to incorporate ground motions from negative magnitude earthquakes for the development of GMPEs. The GMPEs are inferred with a two-phase approach. In the first phase, a reference model is obtained by considering the effect of source and medium properties on the ground motion. In the second phase the final model is obtained by including a site/station effect. The comparison between the GMPEs obtained in the present study with GMPEs developed for the other induced seismicity environments highlights a mismatch that is ascribed to differences in regional seismic environment and local site conditions of the respective regions. This suggests that, when dealing with induced earthquakes, GMPEs specific for the study should be inferred and used for both monitoring purposes and seismic hazard analyses.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 820–832

Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Nanodevices Based on Fe3O4 Coated by Megluminic Ligands for the Adsorption of Metal Anions from Water (2023)

Scurti, Stefano ; Dattilo, Sandro ; Gintsburg, David ; [weitere]

American Chemical Society

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-16

Beschreibung: The uptake ability toward arsenic(V), chromium(VI), and boron(III) ions of ad hoc functionalized magnetic nanostructured devices has been investigated. To this purpose, ligands based on meglumine have been synthesized and used to coat magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) obtained by the co-precipitation methodology. The as-prepared hybrid material was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Moreover, its magnetic hysteresis properties were measured to evaluate its magnetic properties, and the adsorption kinetics and isothermal models were applied to discern between the different adsorption phenomena. Specifically, the better fitting was observed by the Langmuir isotherm model for all metal ions tested, highlighting a higher uptake in arsenic (28.2 mg/g), chromium (12.3 mg/g), and boron (23.7 mg/g) sorption values if compared with other magnetic nanostructured materials. After adsorption, an external magnetic stimulus can be used to efficiently remove nanomaterials from the water. Finally the nanomaterial can be reused up to five cycles and regenerated for another three cycles.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 10775–10788

Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Cross-site comparisons of dryland ecosystem response to climate change in the US long-term ecological research network (2023)

Hudson, Amy R. ; Peters, Debra P. C. ; Blair, John M. ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-25

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hudson, A. R., Peters, D. P. C., Blair, J. M., Childers, D. L., Doran, P. T., Geil, K., Gooseff, M., Gross, K. L., Haddad, N. M., Pastore, M. A., Rudgers, J. A., Sala, O., Seabloom, E. W., & Shaver, G. Cross-site comparisons of dryland ecosystem response to climate change in the US long-term ecological research network. Bioscience, 72(9), (2022): 889–907, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab134.

Beschreibung: Long-term observations and experiments in diverse drylands reveal how ecosystems and services are responding to climate change. To develop generalities about climate change impacts at dryland sites, we compared broadscale patterns in climate and synthesized primary production responses among the eight terrestrial, nonforested sites of the United States Long-Term Ecological Research (US LTER) Network located in temperate (Southwest and Midwest) and polar (Arctic and Antarctic) regions. All sites experienced warming in recent decades, whereas drought varied regionally with multidecadal phases. Multiple years of wet or dry conditions had larger effects than single years on primary production. Droughts, floods, and wildfires altered resource availability and restructured plant communities, with greater impacts on primary production than warming alone. During severe regional droughts, air pollution from wildfire and dust events peaked. Studies at US LTER drylands over more than 40 years demonstrate reciprocal links and feedbacks among dryland ecosystems, climate-driven disturbance events, and climate change.

Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the USDA-ARS SCINet Big Data Project (grant no. 0500–00093–001–00-D), and the National Science Foundation US LTER Program to New Mexico State University for the Jornada Basin (grant no. DEB 20–25166), Kansas State University for the Konza Prairie (grant no. DEB 2025849), the Kellogg Biological Station (grant no. DEB 1832042), Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (grants no. DEB-1234162 and no. DEB-1831944), ARC (grant no. DEB-1637459), MCM (grant no. OPP-1637708), CAP (grant no. DEB-1832016), and SEV (grant no. DEB-1655499). Support was also provided by the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute and the University of Minnesota, Michigan State University AgBioResearch.

Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

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Mechanism of the 2017 M-w 6.3 Pasni earthquake and its significance for future major earthquakes in the eastern Makran (2023)

Yang, Xiaodong ; Qiu, Qiang ; Feng, Wanpeng ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-17

Beschreibung: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2022. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Oxford University Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Journal International 231(2),(2022): 1434–1445, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac257.

Beschreibung: Makran subduction zone is very active with ∼38 mm yr−1 convergence rate and has experienced great earthquakes in the past. The latest great earthquake of 1945 Mw 8.1 event also triggered a large tsunami and led to ∼4000 casualties. However, due to incomplete historical seismicity records and poor modern instrumentation, earthquake mechanism, co-seismic slip and tsunami characteristics in Makran remain unclear. On 2017 February 17, an Mw 6.3 earthquake rattled offshore Pasni of Pakistan in the eastern Makran, marking the largest event after the 1945 Mw 8.1 earthquake with good geodetic and geophysical data coverage. We use a combination of seismicity, multibeam bathymetry, seismic profile, InSAR measurements and tide-gauge observation to investigate the seismogenic structure, co-seismic deformation, tsunami characteristics of this event and its implication for future major earthquakes. Our results indicate that (1) the earthquake occurred on the shallow-dipping (3°–4°) megathrust; (2) the megathrust co-seismically slipped 15 cm and caused ∼2–4 cm ground subsidence and uplift at Pasni; (3) our tsunami modelling reproduces the observed 5-cm-high small tsunami waveforms. The Pasni earthquake rupture largely overlaps the 1945 slip patch and disturbs the west and east megathrust segments that have not ruptured yet at least since 1765. With such stress perturbation and possible stress evolution effect from the 1945 earthquake, the unruptured patches may fail in the future. This study calls for more preparedness in mitigating earthquake and associated hazards in the eastern Makran.

Beschreibung: his study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42076059, 41890813, 41976066 and 41976064), the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (No. GML2019ZD0205), Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. Y4SL021001, QYZDY-SSW-DQC005, 131551KYSB20200021, ISEE2021PY03, 133244KYSB20180029 and E1SL3C02), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2021B1515020098) and China–Pakistan Joint Research Centre on Earth Sciences.

Schlagwort(e): Tsunamis ; Earthquake dynamics ; Earthquake hazards ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Subduction zone processes

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Alkali Metal- and Acid-Catalyzed Interconversion of Goniodomin A with Congeners B and C (2021)

Harris, Constance M. ; Krock, Bernd ; Tillmann, Urban ; [weitere]

American Chemical Society

In: EPIC3Journal of Natural Products, American Chemical Society, 84(9), pp. 2554-2567, ISSN: 0163-3864

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-03-13

Beschreibung: Goniodomin A (GDA, 1) is a phycotoxin produced by at least four species of Alexandrium dinoflagellates that are found globally in brackish estuaries and lagoons. It is a linear polyketide with six oxygen heterocyclic rings that is cyclized into a macrocyclic structure via lactone formation. Two of the oxygen heterocycles in 1 comprise a spiro-bis-pyran, whereas goniodomin B (GDB) contains a 2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring system fused to a pyran. When H2O is present, 1 undergoes facile conversion to isomer GDB and to an α,β-unsaturated ketone, goniodomin C (GDC, 7). GDB and GDC can be formed from GDA by cleavage of the spiro-bis-pyran ring system. GDA, but not GDB or GDC, forms a crown ether-type complex with K+. Equilibration of GDA with GDB and GDC is observed in the presence of H+ and of Na+, but the equilibrated mixtures revert to GDA upon addition of K+. Structural differences have been found between the K+ and Na+ complexes. The association of GDA with K+ is strong, while that with Na+ is weak. The K+ complex has a compact, well-defined structure, whereas Na+ complexes are an ill-defined mixture of species. Analyses of in vitro A. monilatum and A. hiranoi cultures indicate that only GDA is present in the cells; GDB and GDC appear to be postharvest transformation products.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

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Genesis of Oceanic Oxide Gabbros and Gabbronorites During Reactive Melt Migration at Transform Walls (Doldrums Megatransform System; 7–8°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge) (2023)

Basch, Valentin ; Sanfilippo, Alessio ; Skolotnev, Sergey G ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-25

Beschreibung: The Doldrums Megatransform System (~7–8°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge) shows a complex architecture including four intra-transform ridge segments bounded by five active transform faults. Lower crustal rocks are exposed along the Doldrums and Vernadsky transform walls that bound the northernmost intra-transform ridge segment. The recovered gabbros are characterized by variably evolved chemical compositions, ranging from olivine gabbros to gabbronorites and oxide gabbros, and lack the most primitive gabbroic endmembers (troctolites, dunites). Notably, the numerous recovered gabbronorites show up to 20 vol. % of coarse-grained orthopyroxene. Although covariations in mineral and bulk-rock chemical compositions of the olivine and oxide gabbros define trends of crystallization from a common parental melt, the gabbronorites show elevated light over heavy rare earth elements (LREE/HREE) ratios in both bulk-rock and mineral compositions. These features are not consistent with a petrological evolution driven solely by fractional crystallization, which cannot produce the preferential enrichments in highly incompatible elements documented in the orthopyroxene-bearing lithologies. We suggest that gabbronorites crystallized from evolved melts percolating and partly assimilating a pre-existing olivine gabbro matrix. Saturation in orthopyroxene and selective enrichments in LREE relative to M-HREE are both triggered by an increase in assimilated crystal mass, which ranges from negligible in the oxide-gabbros to abundant in the gabbronorites. This melt–rock reaction process has been related to lateral melt migration beneath ridge-transform intersections, where variably evolved melts injected from the peripheral parts of the melting region towards the transform zone may interact with a gabbroic crystal mush to form abundant oxide-bearing gabbronoritic associations.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: egac086

Beschreibung: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

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New constraints on the shear wave velocity structure of the Ivrea geophysical body from seismic ambient noise tomography (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Alps) (2024)

Scarponi, Matteo ; Kvapil, J ; Plomerová, J ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-19

Beschreibung: We performed seismic ambient noise tomography to investigate the shallow crustal structure around the Ivrea geophysical body (IGB) in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (IVZ). We achieved higher resolution with respect to previous tomographic works covering the Western Alps, by processing seismic data collected by both permanent and temporary seismic networks (61 broad-band seismic stations in total). This included IvreaArray, a temporary, passive seismic experiment designed to investigate the IVZ crustal structure. Starting from continuous seismic ambient noise recordings, we measured and inverted the dispersion of the group velocity of surface Rayleigh waves (fundamental mode) in the period range 4–25 s. We obtained a new, 3-D vS model of the IVZ crust via the stochastic neighbourhood algorithm (NA), with the highest resolution between 3 to 40 km depth. The fast and shallow shear wave velocity anomaly associated with the IGB presents velocities of 3.6 km s−1 directly at the surface, in remarkable agreement with the location of the exposed lower-to-middle crustal and mantle outcrops. This suggests a continuity between the surface geological observations and the subsurface geophysical anomalies. The fast IGB structure reaches vS of 4 km s−1 at 20–25 km depth, at the boundary between the European and Adriatic tectonic plates, and in correspondence with the earlier identified Moho jump in the same area. The interpretation of a very shallow reaching IGB is further supported by the comparison of our new results with recent geophysical investigations, based on receiver functions and gravity anomaly data. By combining the new geophysical constraints and the geological observations at the surface, we provide a new structural interpretation of the IGB, which features lower crustal and mantle rocks at upper crustal depths. The comparison of the obtained vS values with the physical properties from laboratory analysis of local rock samples suggests that the bulk of the IGB consists of a combination of mantle peridotite, ultramafic and lower crustal rocks, bound in a heterogeneous structure. These new findings, based on vS tomography, corroborate the recent interpretation for which the Balmuccia peridotite outcrops are continuously linked to the IGB structure beneath. The new outcomes contribute to a multidisciplinary framework for the interpretation of the forthcoming results of the scientific drilling project DIVE. DIVE aims at probing the lower continental crust and its transition to the mantle, with two ongoing and one future boreholes (down to 4 km depth) in the IVZ area, providing new, complementary information on rock structure and composition across scales. In this framework, we constrain the upper crustal IGB geometries and lithology based on new evidence for vS, connecting prior crustal knowledge to recent active seismic investigations.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1089–1105

Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Metagenomic survey of the microbiome of ancient Siberian permafrost and modern Kamchatkan cryosols (2022)

Rigou, Sofia ; Christo-Foroux, Eugène ; Santini, Sébastien ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

In: EPIC3microLife, Oxford University Press, 3(1), pp. 1-15, ISSN: 2633-6693

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-30

Beschreibung: In the context of global warming, the melting of arctic permafrost raises the threat of a re-emergence of microorganisms some of which were shown to remain viable in ancient frozen soils for up to half a million years. In order to evaluate this risk, it is of interest to acquire a better knowledge of the composition of the microbial communities found in this understudied environment. Here we present a metagenomics analysis of 12 soil samples from Russian Arctic and subarctic pristine areas: Chukotka, Yakutia, and Kamchatka, including 9 permafrost samples collected at various depths. These large datasets (9.2 1011 total bp) were assembled (525,313 contigs 〉 5kb), their encoded protein contents predicted, then used to perform taxonomical assignments of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic organisms, as well as DNA viruses. The various samples exhibited variable DNA contents and highly diverse taxonomic profiles showing no obvious relationship with their locations, depths or deposit ages. Bacteria represented the largely dominant DNA fraction (95%) in all samples, followed by archaea (3.2%), surprisingly little eukaryotes (0.5%), and viruses (0.4%). Although no common taxonomic pattern was identified, the samples shared unexpected high frequencies of β-lactamase genes, almost 0.9 copy/bacterial genome. In addition of known environmental threats, the particularly intense warming of the Arctic might thus enhance the spread of bacterial antibiotic resistances, today's major challenge in public health. β-lactamases were also observed at high frequency in other types of soils, suggesting their general role in the regulation of bacterial populations.

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Passive Sampler Derived Profiles and Mass Flows of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFASs) across the Fram Strait in the North Atlantic (2024)

Dunn, M ; Vojta, S ; Soltwedel, T ; [weitere]

American Chemical Society

In: EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology Letters, American Chemical Society

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-24

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

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Implications for the geometry of plate boundaries in NE Asia based on the geodetic analysis of the 2020Mw 6.4 Koryak event (2024)

Svigkas, Nikos ; Atzori, Simone ; Kozhurin, Andrey ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-23

Beschreibung: On the 9th of January 2020, an Mw 6.4 strike-slip earthquake took place north of the Asian margin of the Bering Sea. The earthquake occurred within the known reverse-right-lateral active fault zone, called Khatyrka–Vyvenka, which transverses the Koryak Highland from SE to NW and is thought to be a surface manifestation of the Asian portion of either the Bering plate boundary or the northern edge of the Alaskan stream. No other strong earthquake has ever been recorded in this remote uninhabited area and the few existing seismic stations provide poor quality earthquake locations.We adopt SAR interferometry (InSAR) technique to define an improved location of the Koryak 2020 earthquake and constrain the seismic source. The analysis of the 2020 event revealed a previously unknown active fault of left-lateral kinematics that is possibly hidden and strikes NWtransversely to the Khatyrka–Vyvenka fault zone. Although several mechanisms could account for left-lateral kinematics of this fault, we propose that the structure is part of a more extended NW fault structure, that formed in pre-neotectonic times and has played a role of a pre-existing rheological discontinuity. This revived NW structure together with a similar structure located easterly, so far aseismic, make the plate/stream boundary segmented, step-like in plan view. The step-like boundary geometry may be the result of internal transform deformation of a rigid plate, but it is better explained by deflections of the Alaskan stream edge at local crustal asperities, which are pre-Cenozoic terrains.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1412–1421

Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Plate motion ; Radar interferometry ; Seismic cycle ; Asia

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High frequency attenuation of S waves in alluvial deposits of the central Po Plain (northern Italy) (2024)

Franceschina, Gianlorenzo ; Tento, Alberto

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-03

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: Estimation of local seismic response plays a key role in assessing local seismic hazard and particularly in the design of shaking scenarios. Modelling local seismic response involves knowing of the shear wave velocity (Vs) and quality factor (Qs) profiles for the site in question. The many techniques that have been developed to assess Vs in surface deposits produce reliable measurements of Vs , but these rarely correspond to direct measurements of Qs . The latter is often considered through damping measures from laboratory tests on small-scale soil samples, which can provide information primarily on intrinsic attenuation, neglecting the contribution of scattering effects. In this paper, using seismic recordings obtained at the surface and in boreholes at 100 m depth, we estimate an average value of Qs of some characteristic alluvial deposits of the Po Plain (northern Italy). Data come from a microseismic network which sampled an almost uniform lithology in the central Po Plain and consisted of three surface and four borehole stations with an interstation distance of about 2 km. The average value of Qs of the shallowest 100 m of the sedimentary strata, Qs100, is estimated by considering: (1) the high-frequency attenuation of seismic waves due to propagation through the corresponding stratigraphy and (2) the interference between incident and surface-reflected waves observed at borehole stations. We parametrize the first through k0_100, the difference between the values of the spectral decay parameter kappa (k) estimated at the surface and at the boreholes depth, respectively. We use the second in order to compute Vs100, the time-averaged Vs referred to the uppermost 100 m stratigraphy. We obtain: k0_100 = (11 ± 3) ms, Vs100 = (309 ± 11) m s −1 and Qs100 = 31 ± 10. At the surface, the estimated values of the site-specific kappa, k0, are found to range from 75 to 79 ms. As expected, these results are in good agreement with studies performed in other sites characterized by sandy or clayey lithologies, and can be usefully used in site response analysis at sites where the rigidity is mainly controlled by lithostatic pressure.

Beschreibung: Comune di Minerbio (grant: “Sperimentazione ILG Minerbio”; grant number: 0913.010).

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2075–2094

Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Earthquake ground motions ; Seismic attenuation ; Site effects ; Wave propagation ; Wave scattering and diffraction ; 04.06. Seismology

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Moment magnitude for earthquakes in the Etna volcano area (2024)

Saraò, Angela ; Moratto, Luca ; Giampiccolo, Elisabetta ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-19

Beschreibung: Accurate quantification of seismic activity in volcanic regions is an important asset for im- proving hazard and risk assessment. This is especially true for densely populated areas, as in the case of Etna volcano (Southern Italy). There, the volcanic hazard is amplified by the seismic risk of acti ve faults, especiall y on the eastern flank of the volcano. In such a context, it is common to rely on moment magnitude ( M W ) to characterize seismicity and monitor the energy released during an eruption. In this study, we calculate the moment-based magnitude ( M W ) for selected seismic data sets, using different approaches in distinct magnitude ranges to cover the widest possible range of magnitude that characterizes Etna’s seismicity . Specifically , we computed the M W from a data set of moment tensor solutions of earthquakes that occurred in the magnitude range 3.4 ≤M L ≤4.8 during 2005–2020; we created a data set of seismic moment and associated M W for earthquakes 1.0 ≤M L 〈 3.4 obtained by analysing source spectra; we fine-tuned two relationships, for shallow and deep earthquakes, to obtain M W from response spectra. Finally, we calibrated a specific relationship between M W and M L for the Etna area earthquakes in the range 1.0 ≤M L ≤4.8. All the empirical relationships obtained in this study can be applied in real-time analysis of the seismicity to provide fast and robust information on the released seismic energy.

Beschreibung: INGV-DPC 2012- 2021 agreement; B2 DPC-INGV 2019-2021 project; IMPACT Department strategic project ; ‘Project PE0000005–RETURN (NRRP)

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2520-2534

Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Earthquak e source observations ; Earthquake hazards ; Time series analysis ; Full moment tensor

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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A statistical framework for detection of b-value anomalies in Italy (2024)

Lombardi, Anna Maria

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12

Beschreibung: This study presents a new robust statistical framework, in which to measure relative differences, or deviations from a hypothetical reference value, of Gutenberg-Richter b-value. Moreover, it applies this method to recent seismicity in Italy, to find possible changes of earthquake magnitude distribution in time and space. The method uses bootstrap techniques, which have no prior assumptions about the distribution of data, keeping their basic features. Excluding Central Italy, no significative b-value variation is found, revealing that the frequency-magnitude distribution exponent is substantially stable or that data are not able to reveal hidden variations. Considering the small size of examined magnitude samples, we cannot definitively decide if the higher b-values in Central Italy, consistently founded by all applied tests, have a physical origin or result from a statistical bias. In any case, they indicate short-lived excursions which have a temporary nature and, therefore, cannot be associated solely to spatial variations in tectonic framework. Both the methodological issues and the results of the application to seismicity in Italy show that a correct assessing of b-value changes requests appropriate statistics, that accurately quantify the low accuracy and precision of b-value estimation for small magnitude samples.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 729–740

Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Source mechanisms and induced seismicity in the Val d'Agri Basin (Italy) (2024)

Roselli, Pamela ; Improta, Luigi ; Kwiatek, Grzegorz ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: We present the results from a fully unconstrained moment tensor inversion of induced seismic events in a complex and high seismic hazard region (Val d’Agri basin, Southern Italy). The study area hosts two well-documented cases of induced microseismicity linked to (i) a wastewater injection well of a giant oilfield (the largest in onshore Europe), and (ii) severe seasonal level changes of an artificial lake. In order to gather information on the non-doublecouple components of the source and to better understand the rupture mechanisms, we analyse seismic events recorded during daily injection tests in the disposal well. The computed moment tensors have significant non-double-couple components that correlate with the well-head injection pressure. The injection parameters strongly influence the rupture mechanism that can be interpreted as due to the opening/closing of a fracture network inside a fault zone of a pre-existing thrust fault. For the case of the reservoir-induced seismicity, no direct correlations are observed with the loading/unloading of the reservoir.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1617–1627

Beschreibung: OST3 Vicino alla faglia

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Fabric controls fault stability in serpentinite gouges (2024)

Pozzi, Giacomo ; Collettini, Cristiano ; Scuderi, Marco Maria ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-09

Beschreibung: Serpentinites are polymineralic rocks distributed almost ubiquitously across the globe in active tectonic regions. Magnetite-rich serpentinites are found in the low-strain domains of serpen- tinite shear zones, which act as potential sites of nucleation of unstable slip. To assess the potential of earthquake nucleation in these materials, we investigate the link between me- chanical properties and fabric of these rocks through a suite of laboratory shear experiments. Our experiments were done at room temperature and cover a range of normal stress and slip velocity from 25 to 100 MPa and 0.3 to 300 μm s −1 , respecti vel y. We show that magnetite-rich serpentinites are ideal materials since they display strong sensitivity to the loading rate and are susceptible to nucleation of unstable slip, especially at low forcing slip velocities. We also aim at the integration of mechanical and microstructural results to describe the underlying mechanisms that produce the macroscopic behaviour. We show that mineralogical composi- tion and mineral structure dictates the coexistence of two deformation mechanisms leading to stable and unstable slip. The weakness of phyllosilicates allows for creep during the interseis- mic phase of the laboratory seismic cycle while favouring the restoration of a load-bearing granular framework, responsible of the nucleation of unstable events. During dynamic slip, fault zone shear fabric determines the mode of slip, producing either asymmetric or Gaussian slip time functions for either fast or slow events. We report rate/state friction parameters and integrate our mechanical data with microstructural observations to shed light on the mech- anisms dictating the complexity of laborator y ear thquakes. We show that mineralogical and fabric heterogeneities control fault slip behaviour.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1778–1797

Beschreibung: OST3 Vicino alla faglia

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Hydrological and volcano-related gravity signals at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius from ∼20 yr of time-lapse gravity monitoring: implications for volcano quiescence (2024)

Pivetta, Tommaso ; Riccardi, Umberto ; Ricciardi, Giovanni ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-27

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: We report on about 20 yr of relative gravity measurements, acquired on Mt. Somma–Vesuvius volcano in order to investigate the hydrological and volcano-tectonic processes controlling the present-day activity of the volcano. The retrieved long-term field of time gravity change (2003–2022) shows a pattern essentially related to the subsidence, which have affected the central part of the volcano, as detected by the permanent GNSS network and InSAR data. After reducing the observations for the effect of vertical deformation, no significant residuals are found, indicating no significant mass accumulation or loss within the volcanic system. In the north-western sector of the study area, at the border of the volcano edifice, however, significant residual positive gravity changes are detected which are associated to ground-water rebound after years of intense exploitation of the aquifers. On the seasonal timescale, we find that stations within the caldera rim are affected by the seasonal hydrological effects, while the gravity stations at the base of the Vesuvius show a less clear correlation. Furthermore, within the caldera rim a multiyear gravity transient is detected with an increase phase lasting about 4 yr followed by a slower decrease phase. Analysis of rain data seem to exclude a hydrological origin, hence, we hypothesize a deeper source related to the geothermal activity, which can be present even if the volcano is in a quiescent state. We infer the depth and volume of the source by inverting the spatial pattern of the gravity field at the peak of the transient. A volume of fluids of 9.5 × 107 m3 with density of 1000 kg m−3 at 2.3 km depth is capable to fit reasonably well the observations. To explain the gravity transient, simple synthetic models are produced, that simulate the ascent of fluids from a deep reservoir up to the depth of 2.3 km and a successive diffusion within the carbonate aquifer hosting the geothermal system. The whole process appears to not significantly affect the seismicity rate and the deformation of the volcano. This study demonstrates the importance of a 4-D gravity monitoring of a volcano to understand its complex gravity signals that cover different spatial and temporal scales. Discriminating the different contributions that mix up in the observed gravity changes, in particular those due to hydrologic/anthropogenic activities form those due to the geothermal dynamics, is fundamental for a complete and reliable evaluation of the volcano state.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1565–1580

Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Comparison between alarm-based and probability-based earthquake forecasting methods (2024)

Biondini, Emanuele ; Gasperini, Paolo

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: In a recent work, we applied the every earthquake a precursor according to scale (EEPAS) probabilistic model to the pseudo-prospective forecasting of shallow earthquakes with magni- tude M 5.0 in the Italian region. We compared the forecasting performance of EEPAS with that of the epidemic type aftershock sequences (ETAS) forecasting model, using the most recent consistency tests developed within the collaboratory for the study of earthquake predictabil- ity (CSEP). The application of such models for the forecasting of Italian target earthquakes seems to show peculiar characteristics for each of them. In particular, the ETAS model showed higher performance for short-term forecasting, in contrast, the EEPAS model showed higher forecasting performance for the medium/long-term. In this work, we compare the performance of EEPAS and ETAS models with that obtained by a deterministic model based on the occur- rence of strong foreshocks (FORE model) using an alarm-based approach. We apply the two rate-based models (ETAS and EEPAS) estimating the best probability threshold above which we issue an alarm. The model parameters and probability thresholds for issuing the alarms are calibrated on a learning data set from 1990 to 2011 during which 27 target earthquakes have occurred within the analysis region. The pseudo-prospective forecasting performance is as- sessed on a validation data set from 2012 to 2021, which also comprises 27 target earthquakes. Tests to assess the forecasting capability demonstrate that, even if all models outperform a purely random method, which trivially forecast earthquake proportionally to the space–time occupied by alarms, the EEPAS model exhibits lower forecasting performance than ETAS and FORE models. In addition, the relative performance comparison of the three models demonstrates that the forecasting capability of the FORE model appears slightly better than ETAS, but the difference is not statistically significant as it remains within the uncertainty level. However, truly prospective tests are necessary to validate such results, ideally using new testing procedures allowing the analysis of alarm-based models, not yet available within the CSEP.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1541–1551

Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Computational seismology ; Earthquake interaction, forecasting and prediction ; Statistical seismology ; Comparison betwee earthquake forecasting methods

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Low-strength shear zone in the western Makran subduction zone, southeastern Iran: insights from a receiver function analysis (2024)

Abbasi, Sara ; Motaghi, Khalil ; Lucente, Francesco Pio ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09

Beschreibung: To understand the seismic hazard of a subduction zone, it is necessary to know the geometry, location and mechanical characteristics of the interplate boundary below which an oceanic plate is thrust downward. By considering the azimuthal dependence of converted P-to-S (Ps) amplitudes in receiver functions, we have detected the interplate boundary in the Makran subduction zone, revealing significant seismic anisotropy at the base of the accretionary wedge above the slab before it bends down beneath the Jaz Murian basin. This anisotropic feature aligns with a zone of reduced seismic velocity and a high primary/secondary wave velocity ratio (Vp/Vs), as documented in previous studies. The presence of this low-velocity highly anisotropic layer at the base of the accretionary wedge, likely representing a low-strength shear zone, could possibly explain the unusually wide accretionary wedge in Makran. Additionally, it may impact the location and width of the locked zone along the interplate boundary.

Beschreibung: Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF)

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 64-74

Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Earthquake hazards, Seismic anisotropy, Crustal structure, Subduction zone processes ; 04.06. Seismology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Application of the EEPAS earthquake forecasting model to Italy (2024)

Biondini, Emanuele ; Rhoades, David A ; Gasperini, Paolo

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09

Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.

Beschreibung: The Every Earthquake a Precursor According to Scale (EEPAS) forecasting model is a space– time point-process model based on the precursory scale increase (ψ ) phenomenon and associated predictive scaling relations. It has been previously applied to New Zealand, Cal- ifornia and Japan earthquakes with target magnitude thresholds varying from about 5–7. In all previous application, computations were done using the computer code implemented in Fortran language by the model authors. In this work, we applied it to Italy using a suite of computing codes completely rewritten in Matlab. We first compared the two software codes to ensure the convergence and adequate coincidence between the estimated model parameters for a simple region capable of being analysed by both software codes. Then, using the rewritten codes, we optimized the parameters for a different and more complex polygon of analysis using the Homogenized Instrumental Seismic Catalogue data from 1990 to 2011. We then perform a pseudo-prospective forecasting experiment of Italian earthquakes from 2012 to 2021 with Mw ≥ 5.0 and compare the forecasting skill of EEPAS with those obtained by other time in- dependent (Spatially Uniform Poisson, Spatially Variable Poisson and PPE: Proximity to Past Earthquakes) and time dependent [Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS)] forecasting models using the information gain per active cell. The preference goes to the ETAS model for short time intervals (3 months) and to the EEPAS model for longer time intervals (6 months to 10 yr).

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1681–1700

Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Computational seismology ; Earthquake interaction ; forecasting and prediction ; Statistical seismology ; Earthquake forecasting

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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The Influence of Undercooling and Sector Zoning on Clinopyroxene–Melt Equilibrium and Thermobarometry (2024)

MacDonald, Alice ; Ubide, Teresa ; Mollo, Silvio ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-17

Beschreibung: Thermobarometry provides a critical means of assessing locations of magma storage and dynamics in the lead-up to volcanic eruptions and crustal growth. A common approach is to utilise minerals that have compositions sensitive to changes in pressure and/or temperature, such as clinopyroxene, which is ubiquitous in mafic to intermediate magmas. However, clinopyroxene thermobarometry may carry significant uncertainty and require an appropriate equilibrium melt composition. In addition, the degree of magma undercooling (ΔT) affects clinopyroxene composition and zoning, with common sector zoning potentially obfuscating thermobarometry results. Here, we use a set of crystallisation experiments on a primitive trachybasalt from Mt. Etna (Italy) at ΔT = 25–233 °C, P = 400–800 MPa, H2O = 0–4 wt % and fO2 = NNO + 2, with clinopyroxene crystals defined by Al-rich zones (prisms and skeletons) and Al-poor zones (hourglass and overgrowths) to assess common equilibrium models and thermobarometric approaches. Under the studied conditions, our data suggest that the commonly applied Fe–Mg exchange (cpx-meltKdFe–Mg) is insensitive to increasing ΔT and may not be a reliable indicator of equilibrium. The combined use of DiHd (CaMgSi2O6 + CaFeSi2O6) and EnFs (Mg2Si2O6 + Fe2Si2O6) models indicate the attainment of equilibrium in both Al-rich and Al-poor zones for almost all investigated ΔT. In contrast, CaTs (CaAl2SiO6) and CaTi (CaTiAl2O6) models reveal substantial deviations from equilibrium with increasing ΔT, particularly in Al-rich zones. We postulate that this reflects slower diffusion of Al and Ti in the melt compared with Ca and Mg and recommend the concurrent application of these four models to evaluate equilibrium between clinopyroxene and melt, particularly for sector-zoned crystals. Thermobarometers calibrated with only isothermal–isobaric experiments closely reproduce experimental P–T at low ΔT, equivalent to natural phenocrysts cores and sector-zoned mantles. Models that also consider decompression experiments are most accurate at high ΔT and are therefore suitable for outermost phenocryst rims and groundmass microlites. Recent machine learning approaches reproduce P–T conditions across all ΔT conditions. Applying our experimental constraints to sector-zoned microphenocrysts and groundmass microlites erupted during the 1974 eccentric eruption at Mt. Etna, we highlight that both hourglass and prism sectors are suitable for thermobarometry, given that equilibrium is sufficiently tested for. The combination of DiHd, EnFs, CaTs and CaTi models identifies compositions closest to equilibrium with the bulk melt composition, and results in smaller differences in P–T calculated for hourglass and prism sectors compared with applying only DiHd and EnFs equilibrium models. This provides a framework to assess crystallisation conditions recorded by sector-zoned clinopyroxene crystals in mafic alkaline settings.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: egad074

Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Experimental Petrology ; Petrology ; Clinopyroxene ; Thermobarometry ; Experimental Petrology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Mass-change And Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) expected impact on science and applications (2024)

Daras, Ilias ; March, G ; Pail, Roland ; [weitere]

Oxford University Press

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-07-02

Beschreibung: The joint ESA/NASA Mass-change And Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) has the objective to extend time-series from previous gravity missions, including an improvement of accuracy and spatio-temporal resolution. The long-term monitoring of Earth’s gravity field carries information on mass change induced by water cycle, climate change and mass transport processes between atmosphere, cryosphere, oceans and solid Earth. MAGIC will be composed of two satellite pairs flying in different orbit planes. The NASA/DLR-led first pair (P1) is expected to be in a near-polar orbit around 500 km of altitude; while the second ESA-led pair (P2) is expected to be in an inclined orbit of 65°–70° at approximately 400 km altitude. The ESA-led pair P2 Next Generation Gravity Mission shall be launched after P1 in a staggered manner to form the MAGIC constellation. The addition of an inclined pair shall lead to reduction of temporal aliasing effects and consequently of reliance on de-aliasing models and post-processing. The main novelty of the MAGIC constellation is the delivery of mass-change products at higher spatial resolution, temporal (i.e. subweekly) resolution, shorter latency and higher accuracy than the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO). This will pave the way to new science applications and operational services. In this paper, an overview of various fields of science and service applications for hydrology, cryosphere, oceanography, solid Earth, climate change and geodesy is provided. These thematic fields and newly enabled applications and services were analysed in the frame of the initial ESA Science Support activities for MAGIC. The analyses of MAGIC scenarios for different application areas in the field of geosciences confirmed that the double-pair configuration will significantly enlarge the number of observable mass-change phenomena by resolving smaller spatial scales with an uncertainty that satisfies evolved user requirements expressed by international bodies such as IUGG. The required uncertainty levels of dedicated thematic fields met by MAGIC unfiltered Level-2 products will benefit hydrological applications by recovering more than 90 per cent of the major river basins worldwide at 260 km spatial resolution, cryosphere applications by enabling mass change signal separation in the interior of Greenland from those in the coastal zones and by resolving small-scale mass variability in challenging regions such as the Antarctic Peninsula, oceanography applications by monitoring meridional overturning circulation changes on timescales of years and decades, climate applications by detecting amplitude and phase changes of Terrestrial Water Storage after 30 yr in 64 and 56 per cent of the global land areas and solid Earth applications by lowering the Earthquake detection threshold from magnitude 8.8 to magnitude 7.4 with spatial resolution increased to 333 km.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1288–1308

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Digitale Medien

In-Situ Biodegradation of Toluene in a Contaminated Stream. Part 1. Field Studies (1995)

Kim, Heekyung ; Hemond, Harold F. ; Krumholz, Lee R. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 108-116

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ISSN: 1520-5851

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00001a014

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Acid Neutralizing Capacity of Municipal Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash (1995)

Johnson, C. Annette ; Brandenberger, Sandro ; Baccini, Peter

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 142-147

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ISSN: 1520-5851

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00001a018

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Impact of River Transport Characteristics on Contaminant Sampling Error and Design (1995)

Droppo, Ian G. ; Jaskot, Christina

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 161-170

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ISSN: 1520-5851

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00001a021

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Hydrocarbon Vapor Transport in Low Moisture Soils (1995)

Batterman, Stuart ; Kulshrestha, Adarsh ; Cheng, Hsiang-Yin

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 171-180

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ISSN: 1520-5851

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00001a022

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Sources and Burden of Lead in St. Lawrence Estuary Sediments: Isotopic Evidence (1995)

Gobeil, Charles ; Johnson, William K. ; Macdonald, Robie W. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 193-201

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ISSN: 1520-5851

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00001a025

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Kinetics of Acetic Acid Oxidation in Supercritical Water (1995)

Savage, Phillip E. ; Smith, Michael A.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 216-221

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ISSN: 1520-5851

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00001a028

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Digitale Medien

Biotransformation of the Cyanobacterial Hepatotoxin Microcystin-LR, as Determined by HPLC and Protein Phosphatase Bioassay (1995)

Lam, Angeline K.-Y. ; Fedorak, Phillip M. ; Prepas, Ellie E.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 242-246

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ISSN: 1520-5851

Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives

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Consequences of the Partition between Water and Molecular Aggregates on the Photodegradation Pattern and Kinetics of a Pesticide of the Coumarin Family (1995)

Moreno, Maria Joao ; Herrmann, Christiane ; Ivo, Rosa ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 136-141

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Corrections: Mineralogy and Surface Properties of Municipal Solid Waste Ash (1995)

Kirby, Carl ; Rimstidt, J

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 288-288

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Cationic Surfactant Sorption to a Vermiculitic Subsoil via Hydrophobic Bonding (1995)

Xu, Shihe ; Boyd, Stephen A.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 312-320

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Sorption of Benzo[a]pyrene and Phenanthrene on Suspended Harbor Sediment as a Function of Suspended Sediment Concentration and Salinity: A Laboratory Study Using the Cosolvent Partition Coefficient (1995)

Hegeman, Wim J. M. ; Van Der Weijden, Cornelis H. ; Loch, J. P. Gustav

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 363-371

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Structural Studies of the Roles of Residues 82 and 85 at the Interactive Face of Cytochrome c (1995)

Lo, Terence P. ; Guillemette, J. Guy ; Louie, Gordon V. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 163-171

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Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mutagenesis Studies of the Histidine Residues of Human Mitochondrial Ferredoxin (1995)

Xia, Bin ; Cheng, Hong ; Skjeldal, Lars ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 180-187

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NMR of Chromatium vinosum ferredoxin: evidence for structural inequivalence and impeded electron transfer between the two [4Fe-4S] clusters (1995)

Huber, J. Gaspard ; Gaillard, Jacques ; Moulis, Jean-Marc

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 194-205

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Kinase Activity of Oxygen Sensor FixL Depends on the Spin State of Its Heme Iron (1995)

Gilles-Gonzalez, Marie A. ; Gonzalez, Gonzalo ; Perutz, Max F.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 232-236

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Thermal Stability and CD Analysis of Rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase (1995)

Gahn, Laura G. ; Roskoski, Robert Jr.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 252-256

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Action of Soybean Lipoxygenase 1 on 12-Iodo-cis-9-octadecenoic Acid and 12-Bromo-cis-9-octadecenoic Acid (1995)

Clapp, Charles H. ; Grandizio, Anna Marie ; McAskill, Stephen A. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 264-272

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Competitive Triplex/Quadruplex Equilibria Involving Guanine-Rich Oligonucleotides (1995)

Olivas, Wendy M. ; Maher, L. James III

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 278-284

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Kinetic Studies by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Employing a Double-Labeled Oligonucleotide: Hybridization to the Oligonucleotide Complement and to Single-Stranded DNA (1995)

Parkhurst, Kay M. ; Parkhurst, Lawrence J.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 285-292

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Kinetic Properties of the .alpha.2.beta.1 and .alpha.2.beta.2 Isoenzymes of the Na,K-ATPase (1995)

Blanco, Gustavo ; Koster, Joseph C. ; Sanchez, Gladis ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 319-325

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Role of H1 in Chromatin Folding. A Thermodynamic Study of Chromatin Reconstitution by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (1995)

Russo, Ivana ; Barboro, Paola ; Alberti, Ingles ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 301-311

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Site-Directed Isotope Labeling and ATR-FTIR Difference Spectroscopy of Bacteriorhodopsin: The Peptide Carbonyl Group of Tyr 185 Is Structurally Active During the bR .fwdarw. N Transition (1995)

Ludlam, Cheryl F. C. ; Sonar, Sanjay ; Lee, Chan-Ping ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 2-6

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Site-Specificity of the Second-Site Suppressor Mutation of the Asp-285 .fwdarw. Asn Mutant of Metal-Tetracycline/H+ Antiporter of Escherichia coli and the Effects of Amino Acid Substitutions at the First and Second Sites (1995)

Someya, Yuichi ; Niwa, Akiko ; Sawai, Tetsuo ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 7-12

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Human (MDR1) and Mouse (mdr1,mdr3) P-glycoproteins Can Be Distinguished by Their Respective Drug Resistance Profiles and Sensitivity to Modulators (1995)

Tang-Wai, David F. ; Kajiji, Shama ; DiCapua, Frank ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 32-39

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Recognition and Cleavage of Single-Stranded DNA Containing Hairpin Structures by Oligonucleotides Forming Both Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen Hydrogen Bonds (1995)

Francois, Jean-Christophe ; Helene, Claude

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 65-72

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On the Mechanism of Inhibition of the Neutrophil Respiratory Burst Oxidase by a Peptide from the C-Terminus of the Large Subunit of Cytochrome b558 (1995)

Uhlinger, David J. ; Tyagi, Shiv Raj ; Lambeth, J. David

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 524-527

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Dissecting Titin into Its Structural Motifs: Identification of an .alpha.-Helix Motif near the Titin N-Terminus (1995)

Musco, Giovanna ; Tziatzios, Christos ; Schuck, Peter ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 553-561

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Polyanion-Induced .alpha.-Helical Structure of a Synthetic 23-Residue Peptide Representing the Lysine-Rich Segment of the N-Terminal Extension of Yeast Cytoplasmic Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase (1995)

Agou, Fabrice ; Yang, Yinshan ; Gesquiere, Jean-Claude ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 569-576

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Interaction of tryptophan-182 with the retinal 9-methyl group in the L intermediate of bacteriorhodopsin (1995)

Maeda, Akio ; Yamazaki, Yoichi ; Sasaki, Jun ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 577-582

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1H NMR Investigation of the Paramagnetic Cluster Environment in Pyrococcus furiosus Three-Iron Ferredoxin: Sequence-Specific Assignment of Ligated Cysteines Independent of Tertiary Structure (1995)

Gorst, Carol M. ; Yeh, You-Hsing ; Teng, Quincy ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 600-610

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Comparison of the Hydrogen-Exchange Behavior of Reduced and Oxidized Escherichia Coli Thioredoxin (1995)

Jeng, Mei-Fen ; Dyson, H. Jane

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 611-619

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00002a028

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Thermodynamic Study of the pH-Dependent Interaction of Chromogranin A with an Intraluminal Loop Peptide of the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor (1995)

Yoo, Seung Hyun ; Lewis, Marc S.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 632-638

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Identification of N2-(1-Carboxyethyl)guanine (CEG) as a Guanine Advanced Glycosylation End Product (1995)

Papoulis, Andrew ; Al-Abed, Yousef ; Bucala, Richard

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 648-655

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A DNA Aptamer That Binds Adenosine and ATP (1995)

Huizenga, David E. ; Szostak, Jack W.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 656-665

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Structural and spectroscopic studies of the copper site of stellacyanin (1995)

Strange, Richard W. ; Reinhammar, Bengt ; Murphy, Loretta M. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 220-231

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The three-dimensional solution structure of the reduced high-potential iron-sulfur protein from Chromatium vinosum through NMR (1995)

Banci, Lucia ; Bertini, Ivano ; Dikiy, Alexander ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 206-219

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Prolines and Aamyloidogenicity in Fragments of the Alzheimer's Peptide .beta./A4 (1995)

Wood, Stephen J. ; Wetzel, Ronald ; Martin, John D. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 724-730

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Monomeric Base Damage Products from Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine Induced by Exposure of DNA to Ultraviolet Radiation (1995)

Doetsch, Paul W. ; Zastawny, Tomasz H. ; Martin, Amy M. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 737-742

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Histidine-254 Is Essential for the Inactivation of Phosphotriesterase with the Alkynyl Phosphate Esters and Diethyl Pyrocarbonate (1995)

Banzon, Jennifer A. ; Kuo, Jane M. ; Fischer, David R. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 750-754

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a007

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Incorporation of 2'-Deoxy-6-thioguanosine into G-Rich Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Inhibits G-Tetrad Formation and Facilitates Triplex Formation (1995)

Rao, T. Sudhakar ; Durland, Ross H. ; Seth, Dale M. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 765-772

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Structure of the Isolated Catalytic Domain of Diphtheria Toxin (1995)

Weiss, Manfred S. ; Blanke, Steven R. ; Collier, R. John ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 773-781

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Macrophage NO synthase: characterization of isolated oxygenase and reductase domains reveals a head-to-head subunit interaction (1995)

Ghosh, Dipak K. ; Stuehr, Dennis J.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 801-807

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a013

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Effect of D97E Substitution on the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Properties of Escherichia coli Inorganic Pyrophosphatase (1995)

Kapyla, Jarmo ; Hyytia, Teppo ; Lahti, Reijo ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 792-800

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a012

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Transient and Equilibrium Kinetic Studies on Yeast 3-Phosphoglycerate Kinase. Evidence That an Intermediate Containing 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Accumulates in the Steady State (1995)

Schmidt, Peter Paul ; Travers, Franck ; Barman, Tom

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 824-832

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a016

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Transferred Nuclear Overhauser Effect Study of the C-Terminal Helix of Yeast Phosphoglycerate Kinase: NMR Solution Structure of the C-Terminal Bound Peptide (1995)

Andrieux, Marc ; Leroy, Eric ; Guittet, Eric ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 842-846

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a018

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79

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Structural Comparison of Two Major endo-1,4-Xylanases from Trichoderma reesei (1995)

Torronen, Anneli ; Rouvinen, Juha

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 847-856

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a019

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80

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Comparison of the Backbone Dynamics of a Folded and an Unfolded SH3 Domain Existing in Equilibrium in Aqueous Buffer (1995)

Farrow, Neil A. ; Zhang, Ouwen ; Forman-Kay, Julie D. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 868-878

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a021

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81

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Optical Studies of a Bacterial Photoreceptor Protein, Photoactive Yellow Protein, in Single Crystals (1995)

Ng, Kingman ; Getzoff, Elizabeth D. ; Moffat, Keith

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 879-890

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a022

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82

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Structural Domains of DNA Mesojunctions (1995)

Wang, Hui ; Seeman, Nadrian C.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 920-929

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83

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Mechanism of Ca-ATPase Inhibition by Melittin in Skeletal Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (1995)

Voss, John C. ; Mahaney, James E. ; Thomas, David D.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 930-939

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a027

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84

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Transmembrane Domain Inversion Blocks ER Release and Insulin Receptor Signaling (1995)

Yamada, Kazunori ; Goncalves, Edison ; Carpentier, Jean-Louis ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 946-954

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a029

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Eosin, a Potent Inhibitor of the Plasma Membrane Ca Pump, Does Not Inhibit the Cardiac Na-Ca Exchanger (1995)

Gatto, Craig ; Hale, Calvin C. ; Xu, Wanyan ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 965-972

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a031

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86

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Stabilization of Helical Domains in Short Peptides Using Hydrophobic Interactions (1995)

Albert, Jeffrey S. ; Hamilton, Andrew D.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 984-990

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a033

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Salt Dependence of Calicheamicin-DNA Site-Specific Interactions (1995)

Krishnamurthy, Girija ; Brenowitz, Michael D. ; Ellestad, George A.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 1001-1010

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a035

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88

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Crystal Structure of C-T-C-T-C-G-A-G-A-G. Implications for the Structure of the Holliday Junction (1995)

Goodsell, David S. ; Grzeskowiak, Kazimierz ; Dickerson, Richard E.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 1022-1029

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a037

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Direct Determination of the Sequence Recognition Requirements of the SH2 Domains of SH-PTP2 (1995)

Huyer, Gregory ; Li, Zhen Min ; Adam, Mohammed ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 1040-1049

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a039

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1-.beta.-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine Activates Tyrosine Phosphorylation of p34cdc2 and Its Association with the SRC-like p56/p53lyn Kinase in Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells (1995)

Yuan, Zhi-Min ; Kharbanda, Surender ; Kufe, Donald

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 1058-1063

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a041

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91

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ADP-Ribosylation of .alpha.i3C20 by the S1 Subunit and Deletion Peptides of S1 of Pertussis Toxin (1995)

Finck-Barbancon, Viviane ; Barbieri, Joseph T.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 1070-1075

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a043

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Human apolipoprotein E mediates processive buoyant lipoprotein formation in insect larvae (1995)

Gretch, Daniel G. ; Sturley, Stephen L. ; Attie, Alan D.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 545-552

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00002a020

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Effects of the Enediyne C-1027 on Intracellular DNA Targets (1995)

Cobuzzi, Robert J. Jr. ; Kotsopoulos, Steve K. ; Otani, Toshio ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 583-592

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00002a025

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Substrate and Product Structural Requirements for Binding of Nucleotides to H-ras p21: The Mechanism of Discrimination between Guanosine and Adenosine Nucleotides (1995)

Rensland, H. ; John, J. ; Linke, R. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 593-599

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Three-Dimensional Solution Structure of Callinectes sapidus Metallothionein-1 Determined by Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1995)

Narula, Surinder S. ; Brouwer, Marius ; Hua, Yuxin ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 620-631

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00002a029

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Interaction of the Nuclear GTP-Binding Protein Ran with Its Regulatory Proteins RCC1 and RanGAP1 (1995)

Klebe, Christian ; Bischoff, F. Ralf ; Ponstingl, Herwig ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 639-647

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Pre-steady-state transition-state analysis of the hydrolytic reaction catalyzed by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (1995)

Kline, Paul C. ; Schramm, Vern L.

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 1153-1162

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00004a008

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Factor IXa Inhibition by Protease Nexin-2/Amyloid .beta.-Protein Precursor on Phospholipid Vesicles and Cell membranes (1995)

Schmaier, Alvin H. ; Dahl, Linda D. ; Hasan, Ahmed A. K. ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 1171-1178

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00004a010

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Immunosuppressive Activity of Chemically Synthesized Gangliosides (1995)

Ladisch, Stephan ; Hasegawa, Akira ; Li, Ruixiang ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 1197-1202

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Detection of a Catalytic Antibody Species Acylated at the Active Site by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (1995)

Krebs, Joseph F. ; Siuzdak, Gary ; Dyson, H. Jane ; [weitere]

s.l. : American Chemical Society

Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 720-723

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00003a002

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