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  • Base Sequence
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (24)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 2005-2009  (24)
  • 2005  (24)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (24)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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  • 2005-2009  (24)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: Large numbers of noncoding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs) are being revealed by complementary DNA cloning and genome tiling array studies in animals. The big and as yet largely unanswered question is whether these transcripts are relevant. A paper by Willingham et al. shows the way forward by developing a strategy for large-scale functional screening of ncRNAs, involving small interfering RNA knockdowns in cell-based screens, which identified a previously unidentified ncRNA repressor of the transcription factor NFAT. It appears likely that ncRNAs constitute a critical hidden layer of gene regulation in complex organisms, the understanding of which requires new approaches in functional genomics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mattick, John S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1527-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. j.mattick@imb.uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Genomics ; Humans ; Mice ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Untranslated/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors ; beta Karyopherins/metabolism
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: In animal societies, chemical communication plays an important role in conflict and cooperation. For ants, cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) blends produced by non-nestmates elicit overt aggression. We describe a sensory sensillum on the antennae of the carpenter ant Camponotus japonicus that functions in nestmate discrimination. This sensillum is multiporous and responds only to non-nestmate CHC blends. This suggests a role for a peripheral recognition mechanism in detecting colony-specific chemical signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozaki, Mamiko -- Wada-Katsumata, Ayako -- Fujikawa, Kazuyo -- Iwasaki, Masayuki -- Yokohari, Fumio -- Satoji, Yuji -- Nisimura, Tomoyosi -- Yamaoka, Ryohei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 8;309(5732):311-4. Epub 2005 Jun 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan. mamiko@kit.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Base Sequence ; *Behavior, Animal ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Chemoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Cues ; Electrophysiology ; *Hydrocarbons ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Sense Organs/physiology ; Social Behavior
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-11-15
    Description: The ancestry of modern Europeans is a subject of debate among geneticists, archaeologists, and anthropologists. A crucial question is the extent to which Europeans are descended from the first European farmers in the Neolithic Age 7500 years ago or from Paleolithic hunter-gatherers who were present in Europe since 40,000 years ago. Here we present an analysis of ancient DNA from early European farmers. We successfully extracted and sequenced intact stretches of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 24 out of 57 Neolithic skeletons from various locations in Germany, Austria, and Hungary. We found that 25% of the Neolithic farmers had one characteristic mtDNA type and that this type formerly was widespread among Neolithic farmers in Central Europe. Europeans today have a 150-times lower frequency (0.2%) of this mtDNA type, revealing that these first Neolithic farmers did not have a strong genetic influence on modern European female lineages. Our finding lends weight to a proposed Paleolithic ancestry for modern Europeans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haak, Wolfgang -- Forster, Peter -- Bramanti, Barbara -- Matsumura, Shuichi -- Brandt, Guido -- Tanzer, Marc -- Villems, Richard -- Renfrew, Colin -- Gronenborn, Detlef -- Alt, Kurt Werner -- Burger, Joachim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 11;310(5750):1016-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. haakw@uni-mainz.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16284177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Austria ; Base Sequence ; Computer Simulation ; Cultural Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry/classification/*genetics/history ; Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics/history ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Drift ; Genetics, Population ; Germany ; Haplotypes ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Hungary ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Population Dynamics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: To study adaptation, it is essential to identify multiple adaptive mutations and to characterize their molecular, phenotypic, selective, and ecological consequences. Here we describe a genomic screen for adaptive insertions of transposable elements in Drosophila. Using a pilot application of this screen, we have identified an adaptive transposable element insertion, which truncates a gene and apparently generates a functional protein in the process. The insertion of this transposable element confers increased resistance to an organophosphate pesticide and has spread in D. melanogaster recently.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aminetzach, Yael T -- Macpherson, J Michael -- Petrov, Dmitri A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):764-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Azinphosmethyl/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Choline/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila/drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Insect ; Haplotypes ; Insecticide Resistance/*genetics ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Introns ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: Only recently have we begun to characterize fine-scale recombination rates in mammals. In her Perspective, Przeworski discusses the work by Myers et al. in which linkage disequilibrium data have been used to produce a high-resolution recombination map for most of the human genome. More than 25,000 putative hotspots have been identified, as well as the first motifs that appear to influence their intensity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Przeworski, Molly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):247-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 57th Street, 507F CLSC, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. mfp@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Female ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Recombination, Genetic/*genetics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: Repetitive microsatellites mutate at relatively high rates and may contribute to the rapid evolution of species-typical traits. We show that individual alleles of a repetitive polymorphic microsatellite in the 5' region of the prairie vole vasopressin 1a receptor (avpr1a) gene modify gene expression in vitro. In vivo, we observe that this regulatory polymorphism predicts both individual differences in receptor distribution patterns and socio-behavioral traits. These data suggest that individual differences in gene expression patterns may be conferred via polymorphic microsatellites in the cis-regulatory regions of genes and may contribute to normal variation in behavioral traits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hammock, Elizabeth A D -- Young, Larry J -- MH56897/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH64692/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH67397/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1630-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Arvicolinae/*genetics/physiology/psychology ; Base Sequence ; *Behavior, Animal ; Brain/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Grooming ; Male ; *Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Odors ; Pair Bond ; Paternal Behavior ; Receptors, Vasopressin/*genetics/metabolism ; *Social Behavior
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: Twin-ribozyme introns are formed by two ribozymes belonging to the group I family and occur in some ribosomal RNA transcripts. The group I-like ribozyme, GIR1, liberates the 5' end of a homing endonuclease messenger RNA in the slime mold Didymium iridis. We demonstrate that this cleavage occurs by a transesterification reaction with the joining of the first and the third nucleotide of the messenger by a 2',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Thus, a group I-like ribozyme catalyzes an RNA branching reaction similar to the first step of splicing in group II introns and spliceosomal introns. The resulting short lariat, by forming a protective 5' cap, might have been useful in a primitive RNA world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nielsen, Henrik -- Westhof, Eric -- Johansen, Steinar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1584-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200N Copenhagen, Denmark. hamra@imbg.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Catalysis ; Endonucleases/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Esterification ; *Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA Caps/*chemistry ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-02-05
    Description: Plants encode subunits for a fourth RNA polymerase (Pol IV) in addition to the well-known DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II, and III. By mutation of the two largest subunits (NRPD1a and NRPD2), we show that Pol IV silences certain transposons and repetitive DNA in a short interfering RNA pathway involving RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 and Dicer-like 3. The existence of this distinct silencing polymerase may explain the paradoxical involvement of an RNA silencing pathway in maintenance of transcriptional silencing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herr, A J -- Jensen, M B -- Dalmay, T -- Baulcombe, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):118-20. Epub 2005 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*enzymology/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Plant/*genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Silencing ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oryza/enzymology/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transgenes
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: DNA translocases are molecular motors that move rapidly along DNA using adenosine triphosphate as the source of energy. We directly observed the movement of purified FtsK, an Escherichia coli translocase, on single DNA molecules. The protein moves at 5 kilobases per second and against forces up to 60 piconewtons, and locally reverses direction without dissociation. On three natural substrates, independent of its initial binding position, FtsK efficiently translocates over long distances to the terminal region of the E. coli chromosome, as it does in vivo. Our results imply that FtsK is a bidirectional motor that changes direction in response to short, asymmetric directing DNA sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pease, Paul J -- Levy, Oren -- Cost, Gregory J -- Gore, Jeff -- Ptacin, Jerod L -- Sherratt, David -- Bustamante, Carlos -- Cozzarelli, Nicholas R -- GM07232-27/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM08295-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM31657/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM32543/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):586-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Bacteriophage lambda ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Bacterial ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA, Superhelical/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: This study describes comprehensive polling of transcription start and termination sites and analysis of previously unidentified full-length complementary DNAs derived from the mouse genome. We identify the 5' and 3' boundaries of 181,047 transcripts with extensive variation in transcripts arising from alternative promoter usage, splicing, and polyadenylation. There are 16,247 new mouse protein-coding transcripts, including 5154 encoding previously unidentified proteins. Genomic mapping of the transcriptome reveals transcriptional forests, with overlapping transcription on both strands, separated by deserts in which few transcripts are observed. The data provide a comprehensive platform for the comparative analysis of mammalian transcriptional regulation in differentiation and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carninci, P -- Kasukawa, T -- Katayama, S -- Gough, J -- Frith, M C -- Maeda, N -- Oyama, R -- Ravasi, T -- Lenhard, B -- Wells, C -- Kodzius, R -- Shimokawa, K -- Bajic, V B -- Brenner, S E -- Batalov, S -- Forrest, A R R -- Zavolan, M -- Davis, M J -- Wilming, L G -- Aidinis, V -- Allen, J E -- Ambesi-Impiombato, A -- Apweiler, R -- Aturaliya, R N -- Bailey, T L -- Bansal, M -- Baxter, L -- Beisel, K W -- Bersano, T -- Bono, H -- Chalk, A M -- Chiu, K P -- Choudhary, V -- Christoffels, A -- Clutterbuck, D R -- Crowe, M L -- Dalla, E -- Dalrymple, B P -- de Bono, B -- Della Gatta, G -- di Bernardo, D -- Down, T -- Engstrom, P -- Fagiolini, M -- Faulkner, G -- Fletcher, C F -- Fukushima, T -- Furuno, M -- Futaki, S -- Gariboldi, M -- Georgii-Hemming, P -- Gingeras, T R -- Gojobori, T -- Green, R E -- Gustincich, S -- Harbers, M -- Hayashi, Y -- Hensch, T K -- Hirokawa, N -- Hill, D -- Huminiecki, L -- Iacono, M -- Ikeo, K -- Iwama, A -- Ishikawa, T -- Jakt, M -- Kanapin, A -- Katoh, M -- Kawasawa, Y -- Kelso, J -- Kitamura, H -- Kitano, H -- Kollias, G -- Krishnan, S P T -- Kruger, A -- Kummerfeld, S K -- Kurochkin, I V -- Lareau, L F -- Lazarevic, D -- Lipovich, L -- Liu, J -- Liuni, S -- McWilliam, S -- Madan Babu, M -- Madera, M -- Marchionni, L -- Matsuda, H -- Matsuzawa, S -- Miki, H -- Mignone, F -- Miyake, S -- Morris, K -- Mottagui-Tabar, S -- Mulder, N -- Nakano, N -- Nakauchi, H -- Ng, P -- Nilsson, R -- Nishiguchi, S -- Nishikawa, S -- Nori, F -- Ohara, O -- Okazaki, Y -- Orlando, V -- Pang, K C -- Pavan, W J -- Pavesi, G -- Pesole, G -- Petrovsky, N -- Piazza, S -- Reed, J -- Reid, J F -- Ring, B Z -- Ringwald, M -- Rost, B -- Ruan, Y -- Salzberg, S L -- Sandelin, A -- Schneider, C -- Schonbach, C -- Sekiguchi, K -- Semple, C A M -- Seno, S -- Sessa, L -- Sheng, Y -- Shibata, Y -- Shimada, H -- Shimada, K -- Silva, D -- Sinclair, B -- Sperling, S -- Stupka, E -- Sugiura, K -- Sultana, R -- Takenaka, Y -- Taki, K -- Tammoja, K -- Tan, S L -- Tang, S -- Taylor, M S -- Tegner, J -- Teichmann, S A -- Ueda, H R -- van Nimwegen, E -- Verardo, R -- Wei, C L -- Yagi, K -- Yamanishi, H -- Zabarovsky, E -- Zhu, S -- Zimmer, A -- Hide, W -- Bult, C -- Grimmond, S M -- Teasdale, R D -- Liu, E T -- Brusic, V -- Quackenbush, J -- Wahlestedt, C -- Mattick, J S -- Hume, D A -- Kai, C -- Sasaki, D -- Tomaru, Y -- Fukuda, S -- Kanamori-Katayama, M -- Suzuki, M -- Aoki, J -- Arakawa, T -- Iida, J -- Imamura, K -- Itoh, M -- Kato, T -- Kawaji, H -- Kawagashira, N -- Kawashima, T -- Kojima, M -- Kondo, S -- Konno, H -- Nakano, K -- Ninomiya, N -- Nishio, T -- Okada, M -- Plessy, C -- Shibata, K -- Shiraki, T -- Suzuki, S -- Tagami, M -- Waki, K -- Watahiki, A -- Okamura-Oho, Y -- Suzuki, H -- Kawai, J -- Hayashizaki, Y -- FANTOM Consortium -- RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group and Genome Science Group (Genome Network Project Core Group) -- TGM03P17/Telethon/Italy -- TGM06S01/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1559-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Complementary/chemistry ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mice/*genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA/chemistry/classification ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Untranslated/chemistry ; Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid ; *Terminator Regions, Genetic ; *Transcription Initiation Site ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2005-02-12
    Description: We compared fine-scale recombination rates at orthologous loci in humans and chimpanzees by analyzing polymorphism data in both species. Strong statistical evidence for hotspots of recombination was obtained in both species. Despite approximately 99% identity at the level of DNA sequence, however, recombination hotspots were found rarely (if at all) at the same positions in the two species, and no correlation was observed in estimates of fine-scale recombination rates. Thus, local patterns of recombination rate have evolved rapidly, in a manner disproportionate to the change in DNA sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winckler, Wendy -- Myers, Simon R -- Richter, Daniel J -- Onofrio, Robert C -- McDonald, Gavin J -- Bontrop, Ronald E -- McVean, Gilean A T -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Reich, David -- Donnelly, Peter -- Altshuler, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):107-11. Epub 2005 Feb 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114-2622, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Globins/genetics ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Markov Chains ; Monte Carlo Method ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: The determination of the chimpanzee genome sequence provides a means to study both structural and functional aspects of the evolution of the human genome. Here we compare humans and chimpanzees with respect to differences in expression levels and protein-coding sequences for genes active in brain, heart, liver, kidney, and testis. We find that the patterns of differences in gene expression and gene sequences are markedly similar. In particular, there is a gradation of selective constraints among the tissues so that the brain shows the least differences between the species whereas liver shows the most. Furthermore, expression levels as well as amino acid sequences of genes active in more tissues have diverged less between the species than have genes active in fewer tissues. In general, these patterns are consistent with a model of neutral evolution with negative selection. However, for X-chromosomal genes expressed in testis, patterns suggestive of positive selection on sequence changes as well as expression changes are seen. Furthermore, although genes expressed in the brain have changed less than have genes expressed in other tissues, in agreement with previous work we find that genes active in brain have accumulated more changes on the human than on the chimpanzee lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khaitovich, Philipp -- Hellmann, Ines -- Enard, Wolfgang -- Nowick, Katja -- Leinweber, Marcus -- Franz, Henriette -- Weiss, Gunter -- Lachmann, Michael -- Paabo, Svante -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1850-4. Epub 2005 Sep 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Heart/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/physiology ; Liver/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Genetic ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Specificity ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Testis/physiology ; *Transcription, Genetic ; X Chromosome/genetics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2005-11-26
    Description: Thousands of mammalian messenger RNAs are under selective pressure to maintain 7-nucleotide sites matching microRNAs (miRNAs). We found that these conserved targets are often highly expressed at developmental stages before miRNA expression and that their levels tend to fall as the miRNA that targets them begins to accumulate. Nonconserved sites, which outnumber the conserved sites 10 to 1, also mediate repression. As a consequence, genes preferentially expressed at the same time and place as a miRNA have evolved to selectively avoid sites matching the miRNA. This phenomenon of selective avoidance extends to thousands of genes and enables spatial and temporal specificities of miRNAs to be revealed by finding tissues and developmental stages in which messages with corresponding sites are expressed at lower levels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farh, Kyle Kai-How -- Grimson, Andrew -- Jan, Calvin -- Lewis, Benjamin P -- Johnston, Wendy K -- Lim, Lee P -- Burge, Christopher B -- Bartel, David P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1817-21. Epub 2005 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16308420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Differentiation ; Conserved Sequence ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mammals/*genetics ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Untranslated Regions ; Zebrafish/genetics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2005-08-06
    Description: Recent experiments revealed large-scale differences in the transcription programs of related species, yet little is known about the genetic basis underlying the evolution of gene expression and its contribution to phenotypic diversity. Here we describe a large-scale modulation of the yeast transcription program that is connected to the emergence of the capacity for rapid anaerobic growth. Genes coding for mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins display a strongly correlated expression pattern in Candida albicans, but this correlation is lost in the fermentative yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We provide evidence that this change in gene expression is connected to the loss of a specific cis-regulatory element from dozens of genes following the apparent whole-genome duplication event. Our results shed new light on the genetic mechanisms underlying the large-scale evolution of transcriptional networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ihmels, Jan -- Bergmann, Sven -- Gerami-Nejad, Maryam -- Yanai, Itai -- McClellan, Mark -- Berman, Judith -- Barkai, Naama -- A150562/PHS HHS/ -- R01 DE/AI 14666/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):938-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Physics of Complex systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16081737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Base Sequence ; Candida albicans/genetics ; Cytoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Fungal ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fermentation ; Fungal Proteins/*genetics ; Gene Duplication ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic/genetics ; Yeasts/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: The impact of gene patents on downstream research and innovation are unknown, in part because of a lack of empirical data on the extent and nature of gene patenting. In this Policy Forum, the authors show that 20% of human gene DNA sequences are patented and that some genes are patented as many as 20 times. Unsurprisingly, genes associated with health and disease are more patented than the genome at large. The intellectual property rights for some genes can become highly fragmented between many owners, which suggests that downstream innovators may face considerable costs to gain access to gene-oriented technologies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jensen, Kyle -- Murray, Fiona -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):239-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Computational Biology ; Databases, Genetic ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; *Intellectual Property ; Patents as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; United States
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2005-12-13
    Description: Practical components for three-dimensional molecular nanofabrication must be simple to produce, stereopure, rigid, and adaptable. We report a family of DNA tetrahedra, less than 10 nanometers on a side, that can self-assemble in seconds with near-quantitative yield of one diastereomer. They can be connected by programmable DNA linkers. Their triangulated architecture confers structural stability; by compressing a DNA tetrahedron with an atomic force microscope, we have measured the axial compressibility of DNA and observed the buckling of the double helix under high loads.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodman, R P -- Schaap, I A T -- Tardin, C F -- Erben, C M -- Berry, R M -- Schmidt, C F -- Turberfield, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1661-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Chemistry, Physical ; DNA/*chemistry ; Dimerization ; Elasticity ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Structure ; *Nanostructures ; *Nanotechnology ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Stereoisomerism
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: In mammals, X-inactivation establishes X-chromosome dosage parity between males and females. How X-chromosome counting regulates this process remains elusive, because neither the hypothesized inactivation "blocking factor" nor the required cis-elements have been defined. Here, a mouse knockout and transgenic analysis identified DNA sequences within the noncoding Tsix and Xite genes as numerators. Homozygous deficiency of Tsix resulted in "chaotic choice" and a variable number of inactive X's, whereas overdosage of Tsix/Xite inhibited X-inactivation. Thus, counting was affected by specific Tsix/Xite mutations, suggesting that counting is genetically separable from but molecularly coupled to choice. The mutations affect XX and XY cells differently, demonstrating that counting and choice are regulated not by one "blocking factor," but by both a "blocking" and a "competence" factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Jeannie T -- R01-GM58839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):768-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02114, USA. lee@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; *DNA, Intergenic ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Silencing ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Genetic ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics/physiology ; X Chromosome/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: Genetic maps, which document the way in which recombination rates vary over a genome, are an essential tool for many genetic analyses. We present a high-resolution genetic map of the human genome, based on statistical analyses of genetic variation data, and identify more than 25,000 recombination hotspots, together with motifs and sequence contexts that play a role in hotspot activity. Differences between the behavior of recombination rates over large (megabase) and small (kilobase) scales lead us to suggest a two-stage model for recombination in which hotspots are stochastic features, within a framework in which large-scale rates are constrained.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, Simon -- Bottolo, Leonardo -- Freeman, Colin -- McVean, Gil -- Donnelly, Peter -- U54 HG2750/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):321-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recombination, Genetic/*genetics
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2005-03-05
    Description: The obligately anaerobic bacterium Bacteroides fragilis, an opportunistic pathogen and inhabitant of the normal human colonic microbiota, exhibits considerable within-strain phase and antigenic variation of surface components. The complete genome sequence has revealed an unusual breadth (in number and in effect) of DNA inversion events that potentially control expression of many different components, including surface and secreted components, regulatory molecules, and restriction-modification proteins. Invertible promoters of two different types (12 group 1 and 11 group 2) were identified. One group has inversion crossover (fix) sites similar to the hix sites of Salmonella typhimurium. There are also four independent intergenic shufflons that potentially alter the expression and function of varied genes. The composition of the 10 different polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters identified (7 with associated invertible promoters) suggests a mechanism of synthesis similar to the O-antigen capsules of Escherichia coli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cerdeno-Tarraga, Ana M -- Patrick, Sheila -- Crossman, Lisa C -- Blakely, Garry -- Abratt, Val -- Lennard, Nicola -- Poxton, Ian -- Duerden, Brian -- Harris, Barbara -- Quail, Mike A -- Barron, Andrew -- Clark, Louise -- Corton, Craig -- Doggett, Jonathan -- Holden, Matthew T G -- Larke, Natasha -- Line, Alexandra -- Lord, Angela -- Norbertczak, Halina -- Ormond, Doug -- Price, Claire -- Rabbinowitsch, Ester -- Woodward, John -- Barrell, Bart -- Parkhill, Julian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 4;307(5714):1463-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Bacteroides fragilis/*genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Inversion ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; DNA, Intergenic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/biosynthesis/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinases/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: Brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis and signaling are crucial for normal growth and development of plants. BR signaling through cell-surface receptor kinases and intracellular components leads to dephosphorylation and accumulation of the nuclear protein BZR1. How BR signaling regulates gene expression, however, remains unknown. Here we show that BZR1 is a transcriptional repressor that has a previously unknown DNA binding domain and binds directly to the promoters of feedback-regulated BR biosynthetic genes. Microarray analyses identified additional potential targets of BZR1 and illustrated, together with physiological studies, that BZR1 coordinates BR homeostasis and signaling by playing dual roles in regulating BR biosynthesis and downstream growth responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925132/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925132/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Jun-Xian -- Gendron, Joshua M -- Sun, Yu -- Gampala, Srinivas S L -- Gendron, Nathan -- Sun, Catherine Qing -- Wang, Zhi-Yong -- 5T32GM007276/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM066258/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM066258-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM66258-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 11;307(5715):1634-8. Epub 2005 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Genes, Reporter ; Homeostasis ; Light ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; Plant Growth Regulators/biosynthesis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Steroids/biosynthesis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: We report the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human ADAR2, an RNA editing enzyme, at 1.7 angstrom resolution. The structure reveals a zinc ion in the active site and suggests how the substrate adenosine is recognized. Unexpectedly, inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is buried within the enzyme core, contributing to the protein fold. Although there are no reports that adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) require a cofactor, we show that IP6 is required for activity. Amino acids that coordinate IP6 in the crystal structure are conserved in some adenosine deaminases that act on transfer RNA (tRNA) (ADATs), related enzymes that edit tRNA. Indeed, IP6 is also essential for in vivo and in vitro deamination of adenosine 37 of tRNAala by ADAT1.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1850959/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1850959/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macbeth, Mark R -- Schubert, Heidi L -- Vandemark, Andrew P -- Lingam, Arunth T -- Hill, Christopher P -- Bass, Brenda L -- GM44073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM56775/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM044073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056775/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1534-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Deaminase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phytic Acid/chemistry/*metabolism ; *RNA Editing ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2005-04-16
    Description: We used wounded Drosophila embryos to define an evolutionarily conserved pathway for repairing the epidermal surface barrier. This pathway includes a wound response enhancer from the Ddc gene that requires grainy head (grh) function and binding sites for the Grh transcription factor. At the signaling level, tyrosine kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activities are induced in epidermal cells near wounds, and activated ERK is required for a robust wound response. The conservation of this Grh-dependent pathway suggests that the repair of insect cuticle and mammal skin is controlled by an ancient, shared control system for constructing and healing the animal body surface barrier.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mace, Kimberly A -- Pearson, Joseph C -- McGinnis, William -- R01HD28315/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07240/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):381-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Dopa Decarboxylase/*genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*embryology/genetics/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Epidermis/*embryology/physiology ; Epithelium/physiology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Homeobox ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/genetics/metabolism ; Wound Healing
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2005-09-24
    Description: The polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) is a 58-kilodalton RNA binding protein involved in multiple aspects of messenger RNA metabolism, including the repression of alternative exons. We have determined the solution structures of the four RNA binding domains (RBDs) of PTB, each bound to a CUCUCU oligonucleotide. Each RBD binds RNA with a different binding specificity. RBD3 and RBD4 interact, resulting in an antiparallel orientation of their bound RNAs. Thus, PTB will induce RNA looping when bound to two separated pyrimidine tracts within the same RNA. This leads to structural models for how PTB functions as an alternative-splicing repressor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oberstrass, Florian C -- Auweter, Sigrid D -- Erat, Michele -- Hargous, Yann -- Henning, Anke -- Wenter, Philipp -- Reymond, Luc -- Amir-Ahmady, Batoul -- Pitsch, Stefan -- Black, Douglas L -- Allain, Frederic H-T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):2054-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, ETH-Honggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Exons ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oligoribonucleotides ; Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. MicroRNA 122 (miR-122) is specifically expressed and highly abundant in the human liver. We show that the sequestration of miR-122 in liver cells results in marked loss of autonomously replicating hepatitis C viral RNAs. A genetic interaction between miR-122 and the 5' noncoding region of the viral genome was revealed by mutational analyses of the predicted microRNA binding site and ectopic expression of miR-122 molecules containing compensatory mutations. Studies with replication-defective RNAs suggested that miR-122 did not detectably affect mRNA translation or RNA stability. Therefore, miR-122 is likely to facilitate replication of the viral RNA, suggesting that miR-122 may present a target for antiviral intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jopling, Catherine L -- Yi, Minkyung -- Lancaster, Alissa M -- Lemon, Stanley M -- Sarnow, Peter -- AI40035/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI47365/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI63451/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM069007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1577-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hepacivirus/*genetics ; Humans ; Liver/*metabolism/*virology ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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