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  • Lepidoptera  (58)
  • Springer  (58)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1980-1984  (58)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (27)
  • 1981  (31)
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  • Springer  (58)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1980-1984  (58)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Dioryctria abietella ; Cone pyralid ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Sex pheromone, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate ; Single sensillum recordings ; Electroantennography ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'analyse en chromatographie gazeuse associée à une détection électroantennographique a montré que l'acétate (Z,E)-9,11-tétradécadiényle (Z,E)-9,11–14:Ac est l'un des composants de la phéromone de Dioryctria abietella Schiff (Lepid.: Pyralidae). Couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse spectrometrie de masse a montré la présence d'acétate tétradécadiényle avec un spectre de masse et un indice de rétention identiques au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac Un récepteur cellulaire sensible à la fois au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac et à un extrait de la femelle a été identifié sous l'antenne du mâle. Les analyses des antennogrammes et de la cellule isolée ont étayé la caractérisation du composant de la phéromone comme étant Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. Un récepteur cellulaire additionnel sensible à l'acétate (Z.)-9-tétradécadiényle et à l'acétate (Z.E.)-9,12-tétradécadiényle a été trouvé sur l'antenne du mâle, mais il n'était pas activé par l'extrait de la femelle. Sur le terrain Z,E-9,11–14:Ac, présenté seul, attirait des nombres importants de mâles de D. abietella. L'addition de l'acétate (Z)-9-tétradécényle a inhibé l'attraction des mâles par les pièges.
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic analyses coupled with electro-antennographic detection indicated that (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,E-9, 11–14:Ac) is a pheromone component of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of a tetradecadienyl acetate with mass spectrum and retention index identical to Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. A receptor cell sensitive to both Z,E-9,11–14:Ac and the female extract was identified on the male antenna. An additional receptor cell sensitive to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate was found on the male antenna but was not activated by the female extract. In the field Z,E-9,11–14:Ac presented alone attracted significant numbers of male D. abietella. Addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate inhibited the attraction of males to traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300895
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suitability of selected leguminous plants for development of Maruca testulalis larvae (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Maruca testulalis ; Pod borer ; Development ; Nutritional suitability ; Host plant ; Crotalaria ; Vigna unguiculata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les possibilités de développement larvaire de Maruca testulalis sur les fleurs de huit espèces végétales ont été examinées en laboratoire. La comparaison a porté sur Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. mucronata, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan et l'hôte principal de cette chenille, Vigna unguiculata. En tenant compte de la mortalité larvaire et des indices de croissance (G.I.), ces plantes ont été divisées en trois catégories principales: 1 celles provoquant une mortalité larvaire de 0–30% et ayant des G.I. ≥60%, constituent les plantes hôtes convenables (Vigna unguiculata seule); 2 les plantes qui provoquent une mortalité larvaire de 30≤50% et ont des G.I. de 30 à 60% de la plante hôte principale (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata; 3 les plantes qui causent 50–100% de mortalité larvaire et dont les G.I. sont inférieurs à 30% de la plante hôte principale (Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. misereniensis). Les résultats déjà publiés sur les choix du lieu de ponte des femelles et l'utilisation de C. juncea comme plante piège, sont discutés à la lumière de ces données nouvelles.
    Notizen: Abstract Flowers of eight plant species were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their suitability as larval growth media for the cowpea pod borer, Maruca testulalis. The plants tested were Crotalaria retusa, C. juncea, C. saltiana, C. misereniensis, C. amazonas, Cajanus cajan and the principal host of the borer, Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), was included for comparison. Based on the data obtained on larval mortality and growth indices (GI) the plants were divided into 3 categories namely: I: Those causing 0–30% mortality and having GI value ≥60% form suitable host plants. This group only included V. unguiculata. — II: Those plant species causing 30≤50% larval mortality and having GI value 30%≤60% of the principal host plant (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria amazonas, C. saltiana, C. mucronata). This group of species is marginally suitable as hosts. — III: Plants causing 50–100% larval mortality and having GI value ≤30% of principal host plant (C. retusa, C. juncea and C. misereniensis). Previously published data on the oviposition preference of the adult moth are discussed in the light of the present findings and the use of C. juncea as a possible trap crop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338666
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Food plant specialization and feeding efficiency in the tent caterpillars Malacosoma disstria and M. americanum (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 106-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): assimilation efficiency ; growth efficiency ; niche breadth ; specialization ; hostplant relations ; plant-insect interactions ; Malacosoma americanum ; Malacosoma disstria ; Lasiocampidae ; Lepidoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Raupen von Malacosoma americanum, einer oligophagen Art, die sich vor allem auf Prunus und andern baumartigen Rosaceen. entwickelt, wurden mit Raupen der polyphageren Verwandten M. disstria in Hinblick auf die Verwertung der Blätter ihres gemeinsames Wirtes Prunus serotina verglichen. Wirerhielten ähnliche Werte wie sie früher für andere Lepidopteren publiziert worden waren und zwar in Bezug auf die üblichen Messwerte, Anteil verwertete Nahrung, Wachstum in Trockengewicht pro Einheit gefressene oder verwertete Nahrung. Zudem unterschieden sich die beiden Arten in keiner Masszahl für Effizienz. Unsere Resultate sind im Einklang mit der Folgerung, das spezialisierte phytophage Insekten ihre Wirtspflanzen nicht besser ausnützen als as polyphage Arten tun.
    Notizen: Abstract Larvae of Malacosoma americanum (F.) an oligophagous species that feeds primarily on Prunus and other rosaceous trees, were compared to larvae of the more highly polyphagous congener M. disstria Hb., with respect to the efficiency of utilization of the foliage of a common host plant, Prunus serotina Ehrh. We obtained values similar to those reported for other Lepidoptera for the commonly used measures of the fraction of ingested food that was assimilated, and for the growth in dry weight per unit of food ingested or assimilated. Moreover, the two species did not differ in any measure of efficiency. Our results are compatible with the conclusion that specialized phytophagous insects do not use their host plants with greater physiological efficiency than do generalized insects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300873
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex attractants for clearwing moths: Synanthedon vespiformis and Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis (and/or C. empiformis) (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; Synanthedon vespiformis ; Paranthrene tabaniformis ; Chamaesphecia empiformis ; Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis ; Attractants ; Pheromones ; Clearwing moths ; Nemapogon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338671
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Precocious metamorphosis and moulting deficiencies induced by an anti-JH compound, FMev in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Insect growth regulators ; Anti-juvenile hormone ; Fluoromevalonate ; Precocious metamorphosis ; Premature pupation ; Ecdysis ; Fall webworm ; Hyphantria cunea ; Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Fluormevalosäure (FMev), bekannt als ein spezifischer Inhibitor der Biosynthese des Juvenilhormons (JH) in Insekten, wurde in 0,1–50 μg/Tier Dosis topikal an 3., 4. und 5. Larvenstadien von Hyphantria cunea getestet. Die Raupen wurden auf einem semi-synthetischen, künstlichen Nährboden bei 25° und unter Langtagsbedingungen (18 : 6 St., Licht/Dunkel) gezüchtet. Diese Verbindung rief drei verschiedene Typen spezifischer Reaktionen hervor: 1) verfrühte Metamorphose, 2) gehemmte Häutung und 3) verlängerte Larvenentwicklung. Vor der verfrühten Verpuppung wurde normales Verhalten beobachtet. Die Larven des 3. oder 4. Stadiums häuteten sich meist erst nach einem interkalaren Larvenstadium in verfrühte Puppen. Unter den drei Larvenstadien erwies sich das 5. Stadium gegen die Anti-JH-Verbindung am empfindlichsten. In allen getesteten Entwicklungsphasen wiesen die frisch gehäuteten Larven die höchste Empfindlichkeit gegen FMev auf. Nach der Häutung wurde stufenweises Absinken der FMev-Empfindlichkeit beobachtet, im 5. Larvenstadium verursachte die Verbindung jedoch selbst am letzten Tag des Wachstums zu einen relativ hohen Prozentzahl verfrühte Verpuppung. Eine zweite typische Wirkung von FMev war die Hemmung der Häutungsprozesse. Zwei grundlegende Stufen der Häutungsstörungen unterschieden sich voneinander: 1) Als Folge der Anwendung hoher Dosen von FMev konnte die Mehrzahl der Raupen die alte Larvenkutikula nicht öffnen und ging deswegen in kurzer Zeit zugrunde. 2) Bei Behandlung mit niedrigen Dosen der Anti-JH-Verbindung häuteten sich einige Hyphantria-Larven scheinbar normal; nach der Häutung waren aber alle unfähig, die normalen Bewegungen und die Nahrungsaufnahme fortzusetzen. Auch die vorzeitigen Puppenhäutungen wurden in meisten Fällen durch die Anti-JH-Behandlung gehemmt. Die morphogenetischen Wirkungen von FMev konnten durch eine topikale Behandlung mit Hydroprene, einem hochaktiven JH-Analogen, vollständig oder teilweise verhindert werden.
    Notizen: Summary Fluoromevalonate (FMev, ZR-3516) known as an inhibitor of JH biosynthesis was topically applied in 0.1 to 50 μg/specimen doses to the 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar caterpillars of Hyphantria cunea Drury. The anti-JH compound induced 3 main types of specific responses: 1) precocious metamorphosis, 2) inhibition of ecdysis, and 3) prolongation of larval development. Precocious pupation was accompanied by behavioural events typical of normal pupation. Third and 4th instar larvae metamorphosed prematurely mostly with the intervention of an intercalary larval instar. The 5th instar exhibited the highest sensitivity to the anti-JH agent. Within each larval stage the freshly moulted insects proved to be the most susceptible to FMev. Afterwards, the incidence of morphogenetic reaction gradually decreased with age. In another fraction of Hyphantria larvae not responding with precocious pupation, FMev evoked varying degrees of ecdysial disturbance which always resulted in the death of caterpillars. In most cases the anti-JH compound inhibited the premature pupal moult, too, and these affected insects died as tanned pharate pupae. A complete or partial “rescue” from the effects of FMev was elicited, if simultaneously or subsequently, a single topical dose of a JH analogue, hydroprene was also administered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300901
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of variation in host plant on the growth of an oligophagous insect, Malacosoma americanum and its polyphagous relative, Malacosoma disstria (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): host-plant relations ; host variation ; Malacosoma americanum ; Malacosoma disstria ; Lasiocampidae ; Geometridae ; Lepidoptera ; niche breadth ; specialization ; plantinsect interactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Raupen von Malacosoma americanum (F.), einer oligophagen Art, die sich vor allem auf Prunus und andern baumartigen Rosaceen entwickelt, wurden verglichen mit Raupen der polyphageren Verwandten M. disstria Hb. und zwar im Hinblick auf deren Empfindlichkeit auf Unterschiede im Blatt ihrer gemeinsamen Wirtspflanze, Prunus serotina Ehrh. Das Puppengewicht und die Entwicklungszeit bis zur Verpuppung wurden gemessen bei Raupen, welche auf Blättern von freiwachsenden und von beschatteten Jungpflanzen gezüchtet worden waren. Die Blattunterschiede hatten eine ausgesprochene Wirkung, aber es gab keine Unterschiede in der Reaktion der beiden Arten. Dieser Vergleich lässt vermuten, dass die Empfindlichkeit auf intraspezifische Unterschiede der Wirtspflanzenqualität bei wirtsspezifischen und polyphagen Arten gleich ist. Indessen dürften sich laut anderen Resultaten einige Insektenarten anders verhalten.
    Notizen: Abstract Larvae of Malacosoma americanum (F.)(Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) an oligophagous species that feeds primarily on Prunus and other rosaceous trees, were compared to larvae of the more highly polyphagous congener M. disstria Hb., with respect to their sensitivity to variation in the foliage of a common host plant, Prunus serotina Ehrh. Pupal weight and time to pupation were measured on larvae reared on foliage from open-grown and from shaded saplings. The difference in foliage had a pronounced effect, but no difference was evident between the species in their response to the variation in foliage. This comparison implies that sensitivity to intraspecific variation in host quality does not differ between host-specific and generalized species. However, results from other species suggest that some species of insects do differ in this respect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300882
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Host races and sympatric speciation in small ermine moths, Yponomeutidae (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 280-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Allozyme variation ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeuta padellus ; evolutionary stages ; F-statistics ; panmixis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le degré de différenciation génétique en allozymes à des niveaux divers de divergence évolutive (populations conspécifiques, sibling species et non-sibling species) d'Yponomeuta a été déterminé. Les distances génétiques entre des sibling species ou des non-sibling species sont très larges. Il en est conclu que de telles estimations ne fournissent pas beaucoup d'informations sur le phénomène de spéciation même. Des coéfficients de reproduction consanguine (F ST) ont été calculés pour des populations d'Y. padellus provenant de six plantes-hôtes. La valeur moyenne F STest .030±.012. Les valuers de F ST des populations recueillies sur Crataegus, (plante-hôte habituelle d'Y. padellus), sont inférieures 2–3.5 fois à celles des populations de l'ensemble des autres plantes-hôtes. L'apparition de races en fonction de l'hôte, mesurée par les différences importantes dans de fréquences des allozymes entre populations sympatriques sur plusieurs plantes-hôtes, a été examinée dans quatre régions. Il apparaît ainsi que la formation de races en fonction de l'hôte se produit chez Y. padellus et que la spéciation sympatrique est un évènement très vraisemblable.
    Notizen: Abstract The amount of genetic differentiation at various levels of evolutionary divergence (conspecific populations, sibling species and non-sibling species) in Yponomeuta was determined. Genetic distances between siblings or non-siblings were found to cover a wide range. It is concluded that such estimates do not give much information on the speciation process itself. Inbreeding coefficients were calculated for populations of Y. padellus from a total of six host plants. The grand mean F ST value is 0.030±0.012. F ST values for populations sampled from Crataegus, the common food plant of Y. padellus, are 2–3.5 times smaller than those for populations from the other food plants taken together. Host race formation, as measured by significant differences in allozyme frequencies between sympatric populations on two or more food plants, was investigated in four areas. Host race formation seems to occur in Y. padellus and sympatric speciation is a likely event.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347708
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of artificial diets for laboratory rearing of larvae of the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 121-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Earias insulana ; Bollworm ; Artificial diets ; Insect fecundity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300911
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Repellency of pheromones released by females of Heliothis armigera and H. zea to females of both species (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Sex Pheromones ; Repellent ; Heliothis armigera ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; cotton bollworm ; corn earworm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'examen en olfactomètre a porté sur les réactions face à d'autres femelles de la même espèce, de femelles vierges ou ayant copulé d'Heliothis armigera Hübner et H. zea Boddie. Le lot comprenait 8 femelles, vierges ou ayant copulé en présence d'une femelle vierge ou ayant copulé. Les 4 combinaisons possibles de femelles vierges et de femelles ayant copulé ont été examinées avec 12 répétitions pour chaque espèce. Un extrait de l'extrémité de l'abdomen de femelles vierges d'une espèce a été présenté aux femelles de l'autre espèce pour examiner les possibilités de réactions interspécifiques aux phéromones. Pour chaque espèce, les réactions interspécifiques de répulsion entre femelles ont été hautement significatives par rapport aux témoins, à l'exception toutefois des réactions de femelle ayant copulé face à des femelles ayant elles aussi copulé. Les répulsions moyennes chez H. armigera et H. zea pour les 8 femelles de chaque expérience ont été: a) vierges en présence d'une vierge: 7,33 et 7,66; b) vierges en présence d'une femelles ayant copulé: 5,76 et 5,58; c) femelles ayant copulé en présence d'une vierge: 4,67 et 4,83. Les différences sont hautement significatives entre chaque paire de moyennes et entre chaque paire et le lot témoin; 3,17; 3,17; 3,42; 4,00 pour H. armigera; 3,17; 3,50; 2,83 et 3,75 pour H. zea. Les femelles vierges des deux espèces, H. armigera et H. zea ont présenté une réaction de répulsion en présence d'un extrait de l'abdomen de l'autre espèce; les répulsions moyennes étant respectivement 5,53 et 5,33 contre 3,83 et 3,58 pour le lot trémoin. On peut en conclure que ces répulsions doivent entraîner une tendance à la répartition uniforme.
    Notizen: Abstract An olfactometer was used to determine the effect of pheromones released by females of the bollworms Heliothis armigera (Hübner) and H. zea (Boddie) on females of the same species. Four combinations of virgin and mated females were tested for repellency of one to the other. Evidence is presented that females of the two bollworms were repelled by females of the same species. In addition, extracts of virgin female abdomens of each species repelled virgin females of the other species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300876
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multivoltinism in Apanteles bignellii and the influence of weather on synchronisation with its host Euphydryas aurinia (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; Apanteles bignellii ; Euphydryas aurinia ; Multivoltinism ; Synchronisation ; Weather
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In einer Population von Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) bei Oxford, England treten während einer Generation von E. aurinia drei Normalgenerationen von Apanteles bignellii Marshall auf. Jede Generation des Parasitoids kann charakterisiert werden durch das befallende Wirtsstadium und durch die aus einem Wirt schlüpfende Zahl Parasitoide. Parasitoide schlüpfen in Normalgenerationen aus dem 3., dem 4. und dem 6. Stadium des Wirts; in Ausnahmegenerationen schlüpfen sie aus dem 2. und 5. Stadium. Bis zu 70 Parasitoide können aus einer Altraupe (6. Stadium) schlüpfen und die Dauer dieses Stadiums kann bis auf 2 Wochen verlängert werden. Die Ausnahmegenerationen von A. bignellii aus Zweitlarven dürften aus Eiablagen in frühe Erstlarven stammen. Fünftlarven des Wirts, aus denen Parasitoide schlüpfen, sind ungewöhnlich klein und fressen nicht; sie dürften das Resultat sein eines Uebermasses von Apenteles-Eiern, die in frühe Viertlarven gelegt wurden. Die Synchronisation zwischen dem Parasitoiden und dem Wirt während der Zeit, da E. aurinia im Puppen-, Adult- oder Eistadium ist, wird aufrechterhalten durch ein verlängertes Coconstadium von Apanteles. Die Puppen des Parasitoiden entwickeln sich normal und die Adulten schlüpfen, bleiben aber bis 4 Wochen lang im Cocon, bevor sie sich eine Ausgangsöffnung machen. Das Wetter kann den Parasitierungsgrad der letzten Wirtsstadien beeinflussen. Wenn der Frühling kalt ist mit klarem Himmel, kann die Synchronisierung zwischen Parasitoiden, die aus Viertlarven des Wirts schlüpfen und potentiellen Fünft- und Sechtstlarven des Wirts schlecht werden. Die Entwicklung von Apanteles-Puppen wird durch die Umgebungstemperatur beeinflusst, während E. aurinia-Larven ihre Temperatur erhöhen, indem sie sich sonnen und deshalb rasch wachsen. Wenn die Parasitoiden unter solchen Bedingungen schlüpfen, sind die meisten potentiellen Wirte schon verpuppt und damit nicht mehr geeignet für die Parasitierung. Die Mechanismen der Synchronisation und der Wettereinfluss auf diese Vorgänge wird diskutiert.
    Notizen: Abstract The gregarious endoparasite, Apanteles bignellii Marshall is specific to the nymphalid butterfly, Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg) in the British Isles. The synchronisation between host and parasitoid is described at a site near Oxford, England where both occur. Three regular generations of A. bignellii occur in one generation of the host in the studied population. Relevant features of the biology of A. bignellii and E. aurinia are described, including a method of distinguishing the number of Apanteles larval instars based upon shed cuticle remnants. Mechanisms for host-parasitoid synchronisation are outlined, especially a protracted parasitoid cocoon stage when the host is unavailable for attack during the chrysalis, adult and egg stages. Cool, but sunny weather conditions in spring can influence the degree of parasitisation experienced by final instar host caterpillars. The timing of adult A. bignellii emergence and subsequent attack on early instar hosts can lead to additional, partial, generations of parasitoids from second and fifth instar hosts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338663
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of sex pheromone components of the forest tent caterpillar,Malacosoma disstria (Hübner) and of the western tent caterpillar,Malacosoma californicum (Packard) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Synthesis ; isomers ; 5,7-dodecadienal ; sex pheromone ; Malacosoma disstria ; Malacosoma californicum ; Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract All four geometrical isomers of 5,7-dodecadien-1-ol have been stereoselectively synthesized by using Wittig condensation reactions. (5 Z,7E)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol and its corresponding aldehyde are components of the sex pheromone of the forest tent caterpillar. (5 E,7 Z)-5,7-Dodecadienal is a component of the pheromone of the western tent caterpillar. These compounds have been successfully tested in the field.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988643
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Feeding preferences of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) larvae to some host-plant chemicals (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 391-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Abies balsamea ; feeding stimulants ; feeding deterrents ; feeding preference ; sugars ; glycosides ; amino acids ; organic acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Single-choice and three-choice tests were used to determine the relative importance of host-plant chemical extracts in eliciting feeding by spruce bud worm larvae. Water-soluble components of the host trees are the most important and, of these, the sugar and glycoside fractions are the most stimulating. The amino acid and organic base fractions have no apparent effect. The organic acid fractions deter feeding slightly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995761
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    2-Furaldehyde from baldcypress (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 89-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Baldcypress ; Taxodium distichum ; 2-furaldehyde ; Bombyx mori ; Lepidoptera ; Bombycidae ; growth inhibition ; toxicity ; Georgia silkworm industry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract 2-Furaldehyde was growth inhibitory and toxic to larvae ofBombyx mori at concentrations as low as 1 ppm. Baldcypress,Taxodium distichum, heartwood released this volatile at concentrations in excess of these levels. The adverse effect of this chemical on silkworms may partially account for the demise of the Georgia silkworm industry (circa 1765), after the construction of a baldcypress rearing facility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988637
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Attractant lures for males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.) Containing (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 563-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex attractant ; (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (E,E)-8 ; 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate ; lure ; formulation ; antioxidant ; monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Lures containing different amounts of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were formulated in natural rubber stoppers or polyethylene vials and tested in traps in the field to establish relative attractiveness to males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.), dose-response relationships, and the effects of weathering. Initially, both formulations of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were much more attractive than those of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, but their activity diminished considerably after only 5 days in the field because an inhibitor was formed, and polyethylene formulations were not attractive after one week. However, lures containing (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, with or without antioxidants, in both rubber and polyethylene were still attractive after three months' exposure in the field and are therefore suitable for practical monitoring of pea moth populations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987704
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Air permeation tests with (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate for reduction in trap catch of peachtree and lesser peachtree borer moths (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Peachtree borer ; lesser peachtree borer ; Synanthedon exitiosa ; S. pictipes ; Lepidoptera ; Sessiidae ; Z,Z-3 ; 13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate sex pheromone ; traps ; air permeation ; trap catch reduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Air permeation trials were conducted to determine whether trap catches of the peachtree borer (PTB)Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) and lesser peachtree borer (LPTB)S. pictipes (Grote and Robinson) could be reduced through application of the synthetic pheromone of the PTB, (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate (Z,Z-ODDA), at 92% isomeric purity. The pheromone was released into the air of peach orchard test plots with hanging laminated plastic dispensers or hollow fiber dispensers in the trees and by aerial dispersal of microcapsules containing a solution of the lure. Results showed that all formulations ofZ, Z-ODDA reduced trap catches of both PTB and LPTB in treated plots relative to catches in traps in untreated plots. In one air permeation experiment, three types of laminated dispensers and one type of hollow fiber dispenser each reduced trap catch of PTB by 93–100% and of LPTB by 75–95%. In a separate test, two formulations of microencapsulatedZ,Z-ODDA did not reduce trap catch of male PTB as effectively as the laminated dispenser; results for LPTB were similar for both the dispensers and microcapsules. Catches of male PTB moths in traps baited with laminated and or fiber pheromone dispensers containing ODDA (94∶6%Z,Z∶E,Z) were not significantly different. LPTB male moths were also captured in these traps, the catches being dependent upon the initial pheromone loading and the type of dispensers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987705
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insect sex pheromones: Evaporation rates of alcohols and acetates from natural rubber septa (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 627-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Insect sex pheromones ; insect sex attractants ; Lepidoptera ; pheromones ; pheromone formulations ; insect population monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The half-lives (t 1/2) of alcohol sex pheromones, 1-alkanols, acetate sex pheromones, and an epoxide (disparlure) were determined on natural rubber septa. Thet 1/2 values for the homologous alcohols from decanol to heptadecanol increased regularly from 2.2 to 1117 days, but thet 1/2 of octadecanol was 609 days. Thet 1/2 values of (Z)7-, (E)7-, and (Z)9-tetradecen-1-ol acetates were 154, 168, and 199 days, respectively, whereas those of five other tested 14-carbon acetates ranged from 310 to 350 days. The dependence oft 1/2 values on chain length and double-bond position is consistent with the hypothesis that molecular size is an important variable affectingt 1/2 values. Also, in accordance with the hypothesis, when aZ-alkenyl compound has a much shortert 1/2 than the corresponding saturated compound, thet 1/2 values of theZ compound and itsE isomer may be quite different. Thus, (E)-9-tetradecen-l-ol acetate had at 1/2 of 331 days. Thet 1/2 of disparlure was 180 days. The effect of thecis-7,8 epoxide group is apparently similar to that of the olefin group in lowering thet 1/2 below the value that would be expected solely on the basis of chain length.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987710
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relative efficiency of sticky and cylindrical electrical grid traps in capturingSpodoptera exigua (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 733-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Beet armyworm ; Spodoptera exigua ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone trap ; trap efficiency ; Pherocon 1C trap ; population monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The relative efficiency of sticky traps and cylindrical electrical grid traps for capturing male beet armyworm moths,Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), was studied using night vision equipment. The sticky and grid traps captured 34 and 40%, respectively, of the insects which oriented to them. The grid trap's capacity was limited only by the size of the receptacle (3.8-liter bucket) at the base of the funnel. The maximum capacity of the sticky trap was ca. 110 insects, and the efficiency of this trap declined rapidly when captures exceeded 50% capacity. This decline was caused by the physical blockage of the sticky surface by the captured insects. There was no evidence to indicate that captured males had any repelling effect on other males subsequently attracted to the sticky trap.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990305
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative distribution and persistence of disparlure in woodland air after aerial application of three controlled-release formulations (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 867-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Disparlure ; gypsy moth ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; controlled release ; laminated dispensers ; hollow fibers ; microcapsules ; atmospheric permeation ; mating disruption ; air concentration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Disparlure, the gypsy moth sex pheromone, was aerially applied to three plots, using a different controlled-release formulation-gelatin microcapsules, flakes of plastic laminates, or hollow fibers-in each plot. Disparlure concentrations in air were measured intermittently over a 34-day period after application. Measurements were made at four heights above ground: 0.3,2,5, and 10m. Wind speed and air temperature were measured concurrently. Disparlure was emitted from the microcapsules and fibers at very high levels for the first day or two; thereafter, all three formulations produced gradually decreasing aerial concentrations. After 32–34 days, concentrations in all plots ranged from 1.5% to 15.5% of those on the first day, although most of the pheromone remained in the formulations. Results suggest that the effective life of all three formulations for mating disruption by atmospheric permeation would be near 30 days under the test conditions, with fibers likely to have the shortest life. Concentrations varied diurnally throughout the experiment, with highest levels generally between 1400 and 2200 hr each day. Concentrations were highest at the 10-m height with microcapsules and at the 0.3- and 10-m heights with flakes, but were similar at all heights with fibers. Biological implications of the results are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992384
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alleviation of α-tomatine-induced toxicity to the parasitoid,Hyposoter exiguae, by phytosterols in the diet of the host,Heliothis zea (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 927-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Host-plant resistance ; α-tomatine ; sterols ; sterol esters ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; parasitoids ; Hyposoter exiguae ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; secondary compounds
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The solitary, endoparasitic ichneumonid,Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck) is a parasitoid of the tomato fruitworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie). However, the parasitoid is deleteriously affected by the tomato glycoalkaloid, α-tomatine, ingested from hosts (H. zea) fed on artificial diets or semipurified extracts of tomato plants that contained α-tomatine. α-Tomatine causes prolonged larval development; disruption or prevention of pupal eclosion; deformation of antennal, abdominal, and genital structures; and reduction in adult weight and longevity of the parasitoid. These toxic effects are exacerbated when the dietary dose of α-tomatine is increased from 12 μmol to 20 μmol/g dry wt of diet. However, the toxicity of α-tomatine is attenuated in parasitoids reared from hosts fed on artificial diets that contain equimolar or supramolar amounts of 3β-OH-sterols admixed with α-tomatine. Further, the toxicity of extracts from the foliage of different cultivars of tomatoes toH. exiguae is contingent upon the composite levels of α-tomatine and total phytosterol (free and esterified). Cultivars with a low total sterol-tomatine ratio are more toxic toH. exiguae. The possible mode of action of α-tomatine toxicity toH. exiguae by disruption of sterol metabolism is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987618
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of a sex pheromone ofHeliothis subflexa (GN.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and field trapping studies using different blends of components (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1011-1022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; Heliothis subflexa ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; reproductive behavior ; field trapping ; capillary chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Eight compounds were isolated from the sex pheromone gland ofHeliothis subflexa (Gn.) and identified as hexadecanal, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-7-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol. Although the whole blend was found to be an effective male attractant, the deletion of alcohols from the blend increased trap captures considerably. Further, although the binary mixture of (Z)-9-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecenal caught some maleH. subflexa, significant increases in captures were noted when the three acetate components were included in the blend.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987623
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of field-weathered lures containing (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, a sex attractant for the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1049-1056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex attractant ; (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; lure ; formulation ; monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Natural rubber stoppers treated with 1, 3, or 10 mg of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, an attractant for male pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.), were exposed in the field during the summer of 1978 and samples analyzed at intervals. The results for all three doses fitted well to first-order loss curves with half-lives of 63.5, 64.7, and 67.3 days, respectively. Thus, lures with an initial dose of 3 mg of the attractant retained approximately 1 mg after 3 months of field exposure; they should therefore maintain a constant level of attractiveness throughout this period because previous field studies showed that moths were equally responsive to fresh lures containing between 1 and 10 mg of the attractant. There was no loss of attractant during the preparation of lures or after 4 months at −15 ° C and only 13% was lost during 3 months of storage at room temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987626
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Baldcypress allelochemics and the inhibition of silkworm enteric microorganisms Some Ecological Considerations (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Baldcypress ; Taxodium distichum ; 2-furaldehyde ; 2-furoic acid ; Bombyx mori ; Lepidoptera ; Bombycidae ; enteric microbial inhibition ; Bacillus ; Micrococcus ; Arthrobacter ; Mucor ; Curvularia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Exposure ofBombyx mori larvae to 2-furaldehyde, a major volatile component of baldcypress heartwood,Taxodium distichum, resulted in in vivo inhibition of enteric microorganisms at concentrations (1–47 ppm) that were released naturally from heartwood. The 7 bacterial and 2 fungal enteric isolates were also inhibited in vitro at the same concentrations. It is suggested that inhibition of leaf surface micro-organisms or in vivo inhibition of silkworm enteric microflora, as a result of indirect or direct action of 2-furaldehyde, exacerbates the growth-inhibitory effects of this compound on larvae by reducing the microbial nutritional contribution. The ecological significance of insect enteric microbial inhibition by plant allelochemics is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988638
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the persistence of disparlure in the human body (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 313-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Disparlure ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; pheromone persistence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Response of male gypsy moths from a sparse infestation in Italy to an observer apparently contaminated with disparlure at least two years previously is reported. Other examples of pheromone contamination of people or things are also recorded.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995754
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparing the effectiveness of sexual communication disruption in the oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta) using different combinations and dosages of its pheromone blend (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 501-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Disruption of communication ; Oriental fruit moth ; Grapholitha molesta ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The relative efficacy of disruptant blends comprised of different combinations of the Oriental fruit moth's pheromone components was determined in field tests. Disruption was evaluated by comparing male moth catch at synthetic and female-baited traps in disruptant and non-treatment areas. Three atmospheric dosages of a 8-dodecenyl acetate (93.5%Z∶6.5%E) blend, representing two successive 10-fold decreases in concentration (2.5 × 10−2 g/hectare/day to 2.5 × 10−4 g/hectare/day) were tested alone and in combination with an additional percentage of (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol. Male moth orientation to traps was eliminated in plots exposed to the two highest binary acetate dosages. However, significantly more males were captured in synthetic-baited traps in the lowest acetate-alone treatment, indicating a diminution of disruption efficiency. In contrast, inclusion of (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol in the disruptant blend effected essentially complete disruption of orientation at all concentrations tested. Mating success ofG. molesta pairs confined in small cages apparently was not affected by the presence of relatively high concentrations of the binary acetate and the acetate-alcohol blends. This suggests that habituation and/or adaptation of male response, at least for comparatively “close-range” behaviors, did not occur.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987698
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seven-week persistence of an oviposition-deterrent pheromone (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 583-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Oviposition ; deterrent pheromone ; Pieris brassicae ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Cabbage leaves sprayed with a water solution of the oviposition-deterrent pheromone ofPieris brassicae remain deterrent to ovipositing females for at least 14 days. Under laboratory conditions, the pheromone, when dried on a glass surface, retains activity for a period of at least 7 weeks. After 7 days under vacuum conditions, some pheromone is still present, indicating a low volatility and / or high stability of (an active fraction of) the pheromone. After 125 eggs are slowly rinsed with 300 ml water, they still release detectable quantities of the pheromone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987706
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A four-component pheromone blend for optimum attraction of redbacked cutworm males,Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 615-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Redbacked cutworm ; Euxoa ochrogaster ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone blend ; sex attractant ; parapheromone ; Z-5-decenyl acetate ; Z-5-undecenyl acetate ; Z-5-dodecenyl acetate ; Z-7-dodecenyl acetate ; Z-9-dodecenyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Four acetates,Z-5-decenyl acetate,Z-5-,Z-7-, andZ-9-dodecenyl acetates, in microgram ratios of 1∶200∶2∶1 or 1∶200∶6∶2 were excellent, specific sex pheromone blends for capturing male redbacked cutworm moths in cone traps. Blends in ratios of 1∶200∶2∶1 and 2∶200∶2∶1 at 1000 μg/ rubber septum dispenser remained highly effective for 6 weeks under field conditions. The essential minor components,Z-5-decenyl,Z-7-, andZ-9-dodecenyl acetates, became inhibitory at concentrations of about 10% in the blends, and this may be an important general phenomenon in lepidopteran pheromones. Blends involving a parapheromone,Z-5-undecenyl acetate, withZ-5-,Z-7-, andZ-9-dodecenyl acetate, in microgram ratios of 8∶200∶2∶1 or 20∶200∶6∶2 were also excellent specific attractants for this species. TheZ-8-dodecenyl acetate had no obvious effect on the attraction of the redbacked cutworm males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987709
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects: X. Laboratory studies on manipulation of host-finding behavior ofTrichogramma pretiosum riley1 with a kairomone extracted fromHeliothis zea (boddie) moth scales (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 635-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Kairomone ; parasitoids ; biological control ; Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogramma tidae ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noeturidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The behavioral response ofTrichogramma pretiosum Riley females to the kairomone found inHeliothis zea (Boddie) moth scales is examined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987711
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone of the saltmarsh caterpillar moth,Estigmene acrea (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 655-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Saltmarsh caterpillar moth ; Estigmene acrea ; (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal ; (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal ; (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxy-heneicosadiene ; fall webworm moth ; Hyphantria cunea ; insect sex pheromone ; cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosane ; trans-9,10-epoxyheneicosane ; linolealde-hyde ; linolenaldehyde ; Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Three compounds have been identified as components of the sex pheromone emitted by females of the saltmarsh caterpillar moth,Estigmene acrea (Drury). These are (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal (I), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal (II), and (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene (III). In female tip extract they were found in a ratio of 1∶6∶25, respectively, and in trapped female effluvia the ratio was 1∶6∶27, respectively. Combinations of III with either I or II elicited sustained upwind flight in a wind tunnel, but none of these compounds by themselves did so. There is evidence that the antennal acceptor site for III is chiral.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990299
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of day length and light intensity on 2-tridecanone levels and resistance inLycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum toManduca sexta (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 707-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Manduca sexta (L.) ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum ; day length ; light intensity ; 2-tridecanone ; glandular trichome ; resistance ; allelochemic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract First instarManduca sexta (L.) larvae confined on foliage fromLycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum (accession PI 134417) plants grown under a long-day regime exhibited greater mortality than larvae on foliage from plants grown under a short-day regime. 2-Tridecanone, a toxin important in the insect resistance of PI 134417, was significantly more abundant in the foliage of plants grown under the long-than the short-day regimes. Light intensity influenced neither 2-tridecanone levels nor the expression of resistance. The density of glandular trichomes, which secrete 2-tridecanone, was influenced by an interaction between day length and light intensity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990303
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth inhibitors in tomato (Lycopersicon) to tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 753-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lycopersicon esculentum ; Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; α-tomatine ; rutin ; chlorogenic acid ; caffeyl aldaric acid ; allelochemics ; tomato ; tomato fruitworm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Several compounds that retard the larval growth of the tomato fruitworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie) have been isolated and identified from tomato leaves,Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. The major allelochemics are α-tomatine (I), chlorogenic acid (II), rutin (III), and a new caffeyl derivative of an aldaric acid (IV). The isolation, analyses, and toxicity of these compounds toH. zea are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990307
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological amplification for increasing electroantennogram discrimination between two female sex pheromones ofSpodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 791-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Spodoptera littoralis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; electroantennogram ; biological amplification ; pheromones ; Boarmia selenaria ; Geometridae ; Matsucoccus josephi ; Homoptera ; Coccoidea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract MaleSpodoptera littoralis stimulated by a mixture ofS. littoralis female sex pheromone with a positional isomer and by the pheromone alone, gave greatly amplified electroantennograms (EAGs) when the antennae were connected in series. The technique is described and examples are given of its use in screening extracts for EAG activity. Dose-response curves obtained with this technique are presented and discussed. Through biological amplification, EAG discrimination between the pheromones was increased.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992378
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone components isolated from china corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis guenée (lepidoptera: Pyralidae), (E)- and (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetates (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 841-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Ostrinia furnacalis ; sex pheromone ; corn borer ; (E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate ; tetradecyl acetate ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; selected ion monitoring technique
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The sex pheromone components from the corn borer spreading widely in China,Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée, have been identified as (E)-and (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetates (E andZ12–14∶ Ac). The ratio ofE isomer toZ isomer was 53 ∶ 47. Traps containing 1 × 10−7−1 × 10−5 g of these compounds captured more males than did live females or their tip extract (3–6 female equivalents). Tetradecyl acetate (14 ∶ Ac) was also identified in the tip extract. Its quantity was about 1.8 times the sum of the other two isomers. However, including this compound in its natural ratio in pheromone traps resulted in a decrease in trap catches (P〈 0.05).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992382
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 909-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; biological control ; kairomone ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; host density
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Trichogramma pretiosum Riley females exhibit success-motivated searching after oviposition. The stimulatory effect of contact with host eggs makes host-egg density an important factor in determining the appropriate strategy for behavioral manipulation, using kairomones, that simulate host seeking, in biological control programs. Host eggs can be used, in conjunction with kairomones or by themselves, to improve the performance of these important beneficial insects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987616
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1057-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae parasitoids ; kairomones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In laboratory experiments conducted to compare the kairomonal activity forMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson) of frass fromHeliothis zea (Boddie) larvae fed on different host plants,M. croceipes females responded to extracts of frass from larvae reared on cotton or soybeans but not on corn. The lack of response to frass from larvae reared on corn was shown to be a result of a lack of some appropriate chemical(s) in the corn.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987627
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone of the tomato looper,Plusia chalcites (ESP) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1081-1088 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Plusia chalcites ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; tomato looper ; sex pheromone identification ; glass WCOT capillary chromatography ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Z-7-dodencenyl acetate ; Z-9-tetra-decenyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Z-7-Dodecenyl acetate (A) andZ-9-tetradecenyl acetate (B), in a 5∶1 ratio, have been identified as sex pheromone components of femalePlusia chalcites. In addition, small amounts of dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, andZ-9-dodecenyl acetate have been found in the abdominal tip extracts. This is the first known Plusiinae species which utilizes a two-component primary sex pheromone system. The most effective lure found in field experiments was a mixture of 1 mg A and 0.2 mg B absorbed on rubber septa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987630
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Larval osmeterial secretions of the swallowtails (Papilio) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1089-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Osmeterial secretion ; Papilio larvae ; Lepidoptera ; monoterpene ; sesquiterpene ; aliphatic acid ; ester
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The larval osmeterial secretions of sixPapilio species examined displayed a remarkable qualitative change at the fourth larval ecdysis. The secretions of 4th (penultimate) instar larvae ofP. machaon, P. memnon, P. helenus, P. bianor, andP. maackii principally comprised mono- and/or sesquiterpenoids. The compounds identified from these species included α-pinene, sabinene, β-myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene, (Z)-β-ocimene, (E)-β-ocimene, β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene, β-selinene, (E,E)-α-farnesene, germacrene-A, germacrene-B, caryophyllene oxide, methyl 3-hydroxy-n-butyrate, and acetic acid. In contrast, the secretion of 4th larval instar ofP. xuthus, although containing similar terpenic compounds, was accompanied by large amounts of aliphatic acids and their esters: isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, methyl isobutyrate and methyl 2-methylbutyrate. On the other hand, the osmeterial secretions of 5th (last) instar larvae varied little in quality among the six species, and the identified compounds consisted of isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, methyl isobutyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isovaleric acid, the last of which was specific toP. bianor andP. maackii. The chemical alteration of osmeterial exudate synchronized at the final larval ecdysis with the larval morphological change (particularly in body coloration) that appears to be of defensive significance against predators.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987631
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Apparent long-term bodily contamination by disparlure, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) Attractant (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Disparlure ; Lymantria dispar ; Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; gypsy moth ; pheromone persistence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Positive attraction of male gypsy moths to the body of the author, now four years after his last known direct contact with disparlure, the synthetic pheromone, is documented. A designed test showed that moths responded to him in highly significantly greater numbers than to others who had had less or no previous exposure to the insect and / or disparlure. The data present persuasive evidence of bodily contamination with disparlure and suggest that the material is very persistent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987768
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Triunsaturated hydrocarbons, sex pheromone components ofCaenurgina erechtea (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1413-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Behavior ; Caenurgina erechtea (Cramer) ; forage looper ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; flight tunnel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene have been identified as components of the sex pheromone of the noctuid,Caenurgina erechtea (Cramer), the forage looper. Structural assignments were made on the basis of spectroscopic and chromatographic data and were confirmed by comparison with synthetic material. Flight tunnel behavioral studies demonstrated that either component, when tested individually, would elicit wing fanning responses in males; however, mixtures of the two components increased this response and were essential for initiation of upwind flight and landing. In field experiments, traps baited with either component alone captured few or no adult forage looper males while those baited with both components captured several target males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990747
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone components of the European goat moth,Cossus cossus (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; Cossus cossus ; Lepidoptera ; Cossidae ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-5-dodecenol ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-3-decenyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Female tip washings of the European goat moth,Cossus cossus L., were found to contain the following compounds that are structurally similar to known pheromone components of Lepidoptera (%): decyl acetate (1.5), (Z)-5-dodecenol (1), (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (66), dodecyl acetate (12), (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate (14), tetradecyl acetate (4), and hexadecyl acetate (1.5). The washes contained an average of 125 ng of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate per female equivalent. EAG responses to nanogram amounts of the identified products indicated that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate was the most potent olfactory stimulant followed by (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-5-dodecenol, whereas the saturated acetates caused only weak depolarization. A strong EAG response was also recorded for (Z)-3-decenyl acetate, which was not detected in the female tip washings. Field results showed that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate was essential for the attraction of the males and that (Z)-3-decenyl acetate improved the attractiveness of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate alone or in combination with (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988036
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate Major component of sex pheromone of the processionary moth (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Synthesis ; sex pheromone ; processionary moth ; Thaume-topoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate ; acetylene ; carbocupration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The synthesis of the major component of the sex pheromone of the processionary mothThaumetopoea pityocampa is described. The synthesis uses the carbocupration of acetylene, followed by the coupling with the appropriate 1-iodoalkyne. This synthetic pheromone was shown to be of 98.8%Z purity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988039
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone components ofEuxoa drewseni Chemical identification, electrophysiological evaluation, and field attractancy tests (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 335-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Euxoa drewseni ; Chorizagrotis thanatologia ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; attractant inhibitor ; parapheromone ; (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-pentadecenyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Eleven compounds structurally similar to known lepidopterous pheromone components were identified in the extract from 18 calling female moths ofEuxoa drewseni (Staudinger). The identifications were done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution gas chromatography with flame ionization and electroantennographic detectors simultaneously. Detector antennae were from five species of moths. In the field, male moths were specifically attracted to a three-component blend of dodecyl, (Z)-5-dodecenyl, and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetates in a ratio of 2∶6∶1. This blend at 1000 μg/rubber septum dispenser is recommended as a trap bait for monitoring purposes. Low concentrations of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate or (Z)-7-tetradecenol inhibited the attraction of moths to the three-component blend. (Z)-7-Pentadecenyl acetate functioned as a parapheromone in place of (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate in the pheromone blend, and they appear to react via the same antennal receptor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988453
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cardenolide sequestration by the dogbane tiger moth (Cycnia tenera; Arctiidae) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 521-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Cycnia tenera ; Arctiidae ; Lepidoptera ; Asclepias ; milkweeds ; cardenolides ; cardiac glycosides ; allelochemics ; plant-insect interactions ; plant secondary chemistry ; chemical ecology ; chemical defense ; kin selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Cycnia tenera adults, reared as larvae onAsclepias humistrata, had 10 times higher cardenolide concentrations, and contained 15 times more total cardenolide, than did moths reared onA. tuberosa. Thin-layer chromatography confirmed that each individual cardenolide visualized in the adult moths reared on the former host plant corresponds to one present in the plant, thus demonstrating that the insects' cardenolides are indeed derived from the larval food. Adult weights were significantly greater when the larvae had been fed upon the higher cardenolide plant species,A. humistrata. Similar results for other milkweed-feeding insects have been interpreted by some authors as evidence against a metabolic cost of handling cardenolides. However, such interpretations confound cardenolide differences among milkweed species with other differences in plant primary and secondary chemistry that affect insect growth and development. While the cooccurrence inC. tenera of other noxious chemicals (e.g., alkaloids) is not precluded, cardenolides sequestered from larval host plants have probably contributed to the evolution of visual and auditory aposematism in this species. As the eggs are laid in large clutches and larvae are gregarious, such aposematism may have evolved via kin selection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990224
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of a sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moth (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 645-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; 3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; 3,6,9-eicosatriene ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moths,Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, that attracts conspecific males was isolated and identified as a blend of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene in a ratio of ca. 5∶3, respectively, when combined. The synthesized compounds elicited responses by velvetbean caterpillar moth males equivalent to those elicited by females in both laboratory wind tunnel bioassays and field trapping experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990414
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of soybean phytoalexins on the herbivorous insects mexican bean beetle and soybean looper (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 657-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pseudoplusia includens ; soybean looper ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Epilachna varivestis ; Mexican bean beetle ; Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; feeding preferences ; nutrition ; food utilization ; host-plant resistance ; induced resistance ; glyceollin ; isoflavonoids ; soybean ; phytoalexins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Effects of soybean phytoalexins on the feeding of the soybean looper and Mexican bean beetle were investigated to test the hypothesis that phytoalexins might be a defense mechanism of plants against insects as well as against pathogens. Short-term behavioral responses to the phytoalexins were analyzed using dual-choice tests with phytoalexin-rich and phytoalexin-poor (control) tissues. Phytoalexin production was elicited with ultraviolet radiation. Results from the dual-choice tests indicated that 6th instar soybean looper larvae fed equally on the control and phytoalexin-rich tissues. Feeding by adult and 4th instar Mexican bean beetles, however, was strongly deterred by the phytoalexins as evidenced by “single-bite” mandible scars on the phytoalexin-rich cotyledon discs. Nutritional effects of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin glyceollin on early instar soybean looper larvae were tested by incorporating the phytoalexin into an artificial medium at a level of 1% dry weight (0.15% fresh weight). The larvae were reared for 7 days from emergence on diets of control and glyceollin-containing media. Although survival on the glyceollin diets was initially less than on the control diets, under the experimental conditions glyceollin had no significant effect on the growth, development, or subsequent survival of the larvae. Efficiency of food utilization (ECI) was reduced, indicating that the phytoalexins may be a mild digestibility-reducing factor for the loopers. Implications of the results for host-plant resistance are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988774
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of sex pheromone components of the female driedfruit moth,Vitula edmandsae serratilineella, and a blend for attraction of male moths (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 785-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Driedfruit moth ; Vitula edmandsae serratilineella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Phycitinae ; sex pheromone ; attractant inhibitor ; (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienol ; (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienal ; alcohol ; aldehyde
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sixteen pheromone-like compounds were identified in abdomen tip washes and excised abdomen tip extracts of calling females of driedfruit moth,Vitula edmandsae serratilineella Ragonot. Identifications were by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography with flame ionization and electroantennographic detectors. Male moths were attracted to a blend of (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienol and (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienal in a ratio of 100∶1 at 500 μg/rubber septum dispenser, which is recommended for monitoring purposes. Low concentrations of (Z)-9-tetradecenol (0.5%) and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (0.1%) may be beneficial for the attraction of males, but 1–2% of (E)-9,(E)-12- or (Z)-9,(Z)-12-tetradecadienol, or (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienyl acetate inhibited their attraction. Gravid female moths were attracted to traps that captured large numbers of males. Females may be attracted to male hairpencil or forewing gland secretions emitted near the traps or that accumulate in the traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988783
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate, the major component of the sex pheromone of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 863-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): (Z)-13-Hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate ; pine processionary moth ; Thaumetopoeapityocampa ; Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; sex pheromone ; synthesis ; biological activity ; ester
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A short and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-13-hexadecen-1 1-yn-1-yl acetate is described. The main feature is a low-temperature Wittig reaction of a triphenylpropylphosphonium bromide with a long-chain alkylated propargyl aldehyde.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987810
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field attractiveness of (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenal pheromone blends to male spruce budworm moths,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1327-1332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Spruce budworm moths ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; attractants ; isomeric blends
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract E∶Z blends of (E)-11-tetradecenal were field tested (three experiments) for their attractiveness to male spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), moths in northern Maine. Blends of 92.5–99%E isomer caught the most moths (three experiments); blend 95%E had the highest cumulative catch throughout two experiments. Rates of catch per hour for the four most attractive blends (92.5–99%E) showed highly variable responses among experiments; however, similarities were noted for rates of catch within the same experiment. For all experiments and observation hours, blend 95%E had the highest mean rate of catch.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994801
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Initial field trials with the synthetic sex pheromone of the processionary mothThaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiff.) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex attractant ; sex pheromone ; processionary moth ; Thaumetopoea pityocampa ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate ; field test
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Synthetic (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate has been shown to be highly active in catchingThaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiff.) males in field trials carried out in different parts of Spain. A variety of formulations containing antioxidants or solid paraffin were tested. Formulations containing 3 and 10% ofE isomer showed a decrease of activity compared with those prepared with pureZ isomer. Dodecyl acetate, also found in the virgin female gland, did not show any synergistic effect when tested in a 9∶1 mixture with the synthetic pheromone. The product exhibited a remarkable persistence of activity under the field conditions even in the absence of stabilizer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987772
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spodoptera exigua: Capture of feral males in traps baited with blends of pheromone components (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Spodoptera exigua ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; rubber septa ; (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol ; beet armyworm ; trapping sticky trap
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Field tests were conducted with various blends of acetates and alcohols previously identified as components of the sex pheromone for the beet armyworm (BAW),Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). The compounds were formulated on rubber septa and placed in sticky traps positioned in fields populated withAmaranthus sp., a favored host of this species. Moth captures were highest in traps baited with septa containing a blend of 0.1 mg (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (Z9,E12–14∶Ac) and 0.01 mg(Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z9–14∶OH). Additionally, we confirmed that all combinations of acetates tested alone captured significantly fewer males than blends containing a 10∶1 ratio ofZ9,E12–14∶Ac andZ9–14∶OH. A 10∶1 formulation ofZ9,E12–14∶Ac andZ9–14∶OH in hollow fibers was also attractive to feral BAW males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987773
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field trapping of diamondback mothPlutella xylostella using an improved four-component sex attractant blend (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Diamondback moth ; Plutella xylostella ; Crymodes devastator ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; Noctuidae ; sex attractant ; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In addition to three known sex lure components [(Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol], (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate was field-proven as a trace coattractant for malePlutella xylostella, with an optimal content below 0.01% in blends. This potent four-component lure for diamondback males also attractedCrymodes devastator males, and in this respect is not different in its attractancy from virgin diamondback females. Replacement of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate in the four component lure with (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, at the level of 10% of the total lure mixture, did not alter its attractancy for diamondback males, but it did inhibit attraction ofCrymodes devastator. The status of biologically active components as possible sex pheromones or para-pheromones is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987775
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical basis for host selection byHemileuca oliviae (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1425-1437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Range caterpillar ; Hemileuca oliviae ; Lepidoptera ; Saturniidae ; C4 plants ; C3 plants ; tannins ; grasses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract When provided a choice between grass species with C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways, larvae of range caterpillar,Hemileuca oliviae Cockerell, selected C4 grasses. The basis for host selection was examined by conducting analyses of moisture, crude protein, total available carbohydrate, sucrose, glucose, astringency, condensed tannin, silica, and pubescence of 14 grass species, and correlating host plant chemical characteristics with host preference. Most of the variation in host preference was explained by tannin characteristics (astringency and condensed tannin); C3 grass species had significantly higher tannin levels than C4 species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990748
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of two components of the sex pheromone of the moth,Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 503-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Epiphyas postvittana ; Lepidoptera ; Fortricidae ; lightbrown apple moth ; sex pheromone ; (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Two compounds, (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, have been identified in extracts of females of the lightbrown apple moth,Epiphyas postvittana (Walker). The two compounds are active as a coalitive pair and are present in extracts of females in a ratio of about 20∶1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990222
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of iridoid glycosides in host-plant specificity of checkerspot butterflies (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 475-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Iridoid glycoside ; catalpol ; Scrophulariaceae ; Euphydryas ; checkerspot ; host-plant specificity ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; coevolution ; insect-plant interaction ; chemical ecology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The potential role of iridoid glycosides as feeding stimulants forEuphydryas chalcedona larvae was examined in three laboratory experiments. The first experiment examined larval behavior in choice tests between an artificial diet with no additives (AD) and an artificial diet with the iridoid glycoside, catalpol, added (AD + I) in one group; and AD and AD plus a crude extract from which the iridoid glycoside catalpol was crystallized (AD + Ex) in the second group. The larvae were found more often on AD + I or AD + Ex. The second experiment quantified larval consumption of artificial diets when given a choice of AD or AD + I, and AD or AD + Ex, and showed that larvae ate significantly more AD + I or AD + Ex than AD. The third experiment compared growth and survival on six diets: AD; AD + I; artificial diet with dried, ground upScrophularia californica leaves (AD + S); artificial diet with dried, ground upPlantago lanceolata leaves (AD + P);S. californica leaves (S); andP. lanceolata leaves (P). Growth was best onS. californica leaves, and survival was highest onS. californica andP. lanceolata leaves. There were no differences in growth rate or survival between AD andAD + I. Thus, iridoid glycosides serve as feeding attractants and stimulants for larvae ofEuphydryas chalcedona and are suggested as the basis of radiation in butterflies of the genusEuphydryas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990220
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 695-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Kairomone ; pheromone ; parasitoid ; Telenomus remus ; Hymenoptera ; Scelionidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; fall armyworm ; (Z)-9-tetradecene-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-dodecene-1-ol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Telenomus remits Nixon is a parasitoid that attacks egg masses ofSpodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Increased host-seeking behavior was elicited fromT. remus females in Y-tubes, Petri dish, and greenhouse bioassays byS. frugiperda female abdominal tips as well as (Z)-9-tetradecene-1-ol acetate and (Z)-9-dodecene-1-ol acetate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988776
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dose-response relationship for two components of the sex pheromone of lightbrown apple moth,Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 715-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Epiphyas postvittana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; dose-response surface ; isobole ; male response
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Bioassay studies with mixtures of the two components from the sex pheromone ofE. postvittana are used to construct a dose-response surface. The surface clearly shows the existence of a response maximum and that an optimum ratio of the two components applies over a wide range of concentrations. Probit transformations of the same data are used to construct an isobologram. The isobole has a sharp minimum at a ratio for the two components close to the ratio produced by the females.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988778
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behavioral responses of maleHeliothis virescens in a sustained-flight tunnel to combinations of seven compounds identified from female sex pheromone glands (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 747-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Tobacco budworm ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; flight tunnel ; sex pheromone ; moth behavior ; rubber septa
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Each of the seven compounds that have been identified from femaleHeliothis virescens sex pheromone glands was examined for its ability to elicit sexual responses from male moths in a flight tunnel. The two compounds initially described as pheromone components, (itZ)-11-hexadecenal and (itZ)-9-tetradecenal, were necessary for behavioral activity to occur. Of the remaining five compounds, hexadecanal was most consistent in elevating behavioral activity of males when it was added to treatments. Live, calling females elicited greater sexual activity from males than did the 7-compound mixture on rubber septa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988780
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experiments with a two-component sex attractant of the silver Y moth (Autographa gamma L.), and some evidence for the presence of both components in natural female sex pheromone (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1317-1325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Insect sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; Autographa gamma L. ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; silver Y moth ; (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol ; ester ; alcohol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (Z)-7-Dodecen-1-yl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol were synthesized and tested on males of the silver Y moth (Autographa gamma L.) for sex attractant activity. The key step of the synthesis was the isomerization of acetylenic alcohol (III) with potassium 3-amino-propylamide. In EAG tests with a series of dodecen-1-yl acetates and alcohols, the highest activity was elicited by these two compounds. In field tests using three different kinds of dispensers, highest catches were achieved with a mixture of (Z)-7-dodecen-1 -yl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecen-1 -ol which contained 1–5% of the alcohol. Some evidence was also found for the presence of both compounds in extracts of the abdominal tip of females. The quantities of these components in the extract was 1.0 ng/female for the acetate, and 1.1 ng/female for the alcohol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994800
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural study of the postembryonic development of the neural lamella of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 425-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Neural lamella ; Postembryonic development ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The neural lamella encapsulating the brain of the wax moth Galleria mellonella develops from a very thin (80–120 nm) layer in the first larval instar, resembling the basal lamina, to a thick (1–4 μm) sheath composed of two zones in the seventh (last) instar. After its breakdown at the time of larval-pupal ecdysis the neural lamella is reconstructed in the pupa, 2–3 days before pupaladult ecdysis. The cells of the perineurium seem to be responsible for the formation of the neural lamella, both in the larva and pupa, even though its ultrastructure differs at these stages.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233592
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