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  • Chemistry
  • Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
  • Silver Spring, MD  (14)
  • Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries  (13)
  • Tehran, Iran  (10)
  • Florida Geological Survey  (7)
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2020-2022  (44)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1955-1959
  • 1945-1949
  • 2021  (44)
Collection
Keywords
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Years
  • 2020-2022  (44)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1955-1959
  • 1945-1949
Year
  • 1
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    An assessment of chemical contaminants detected in passive water samplers deployed in the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER) (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14678 | 403 | 2014-02-24 20:59:15 | 14678 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: This report is the second in a series from a project to assess land-based sources of pollution (LBSP) and effects in the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER) in St. Thomas, USVI, and is the result of a collaborative effort between NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, the USVI Department of Planning and Natural Resources, the University of the Virgin Islands, and The Nature Conservancy.Passive water samplers (POCIS) were deployed in the STEER in February 2012. Developed by the US Geological Survey(USGS) as a tool to detect the presence of water solublecontaminants in the environment, POCIS samplers were deployed in the STEER at five locations. In addition to the February 2012 deployment, the results from an earlier POCIS deployment in May 2010 in Turpentine Gut, a perennial freshwater stream which drains to the STEER, are also reported.A total of 26 stormwater contaminants were detected at least once during the February 2012 deployment in the STEER. Detections were high enough to estimate ambient water concentrations for nine contaminants using USGS sampling rate values. From the May 2010 deployment in Turpentine Gut, 31 stormwater contaminants were detected, and ambient water concentrations could be estimated for 17 compounds.Ambient water concentrations were estimated for a numberof contaminants including the detergent/surfactant metabolite 4-tert-octylphenol, phthalate ester plasticizers DEHP and DEP, bromoform, personal care products including menthol, indole, n,n-diethyltoluamide (DEET), along with the animal/plant sterol cholesterol, and the plant sterol beta-sitosterol. Only DEHP appeared to have exceeded a water quality guideline for the protection of aquatic organisms.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 2
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    An assessment of chemical contaminants, toxicity and benthic infauna in sediments from the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER) (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14679 | 403 | 2014-02-24 19:16:48 | 14679 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: This report contains a chemical and biological characterization of sediments from the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER) in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). The STEER Management Plan (published in 2011) identified chemical contaminants and habitat loss as high or very high threats and called for a characterization of chemical contaminants as well as an assessment of their effects on natural resources. The baseline information contained in this report on chemical contaminants, toxicity and benthic infaunal community composition can be used to assess current conditions, as well as the efficacy of future restoration activities. In this phase of the project, 185 chemical contaminants, including a number of organic (e.g., hydrocarbons and pesticides) and inorganic (e.g., metals) compounds, were analyzed from 24 sites in the STEER. Sediments were also analyzed using a series of toxicity bioassays, including amphipod mortality, sea urchin fertilization impairment, and the cytochrome P450 Human Reporter Gene System (HRGS), along with a characterization of the benthic infaunal community. Higher levels of chemical contaminants were found in Mangrove Lagoon and Benner Bay in the western portion of the study area than in the eastern area. The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), chlordane, zinc, copper, lead and mercury were above a NOAA sediment quality guideline at one or more sites, indicating impacts may be present in more sensitive species or life stages in the benthic environment. Copper at one site in Benner Bay, however, was above a NOAA guideline indicating that effects on benthic organisms were likely. The antifoulant boat hull ingredient tributyltin, or TBT, was found at the third highest concentration in the history of NOAA’s National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program, which monitors the Nation’s coastal and estuarine waters for chemical contaminants and bioeffects. Unfortunately, there do not appear to be any established sediment quality guidelines for TBT. Results of the bioassays indicated significant sediment toxicity in Mangrove Lagoon and Benner Bay using multiple tests. The benthic infaunal communities in Mangrove Lagoon and Benner Bay appeared severely diminished.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 3
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    Chemical contaminants in the coral Porites astreoides from southwest Puerto Rico (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14868 | 403 | 2014-03-06 18:57:33 | 14868 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This report presents an initial characterization of chemical contamination in coral tissues (Porites astreoides) from southwest Puerto Rico. It is the second technical report from a project to characterize chemical contaminants and assess linkages between contamination and coral condition. The first report quantified chemical contaminants in sediments from southwest Puerto Rico. This document summarizes the analysis of nearly 150 chemical contaminants in coral tissues. Although only eight coral samples were collected, some observations can be made on the correlations between observed tissue and sediment contaminant concentrations. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), typically associated with petroleum spills and the combustion of fossil fuels, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the coral tissues were comparable to concentrations found in adjacent sediments. However, the concentration of a chemical contaminant (e.g., PAHs) in the coral tissues at a particular site was not a good predictor of what was in the adjacent sediments. In addition, the types of PAHs found in the coral tissues were somewhat different (higher ratios of alkylated PAHs) than in sediments. The levels of PCBs and DDT in coral tissues appeared higher just outside of Guanica Bay, and there was evidence of a downstream concentration gradient for these two contaminant classes. The trace elements copper, zinc and nickel were frequently detected in coral tissues, and the concentration in the corals was usually comparable to that found in adjacent sediments. Chromium was an exception in that it was not detected in any of the coral tissues analyzed. Additional work is needed to assess how spatial patterns in chemical contamination affect coral condition, abundance and distribution.
    Description: National Status and Trends Program for Marine Environmental Quality
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Management ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 4
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    Histological techniques for marine bivalve molluscs: update (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14947 | 403 | 2014-03-14 23:06:34 | 14947 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This chapter describes the procedures for determining the reproductive stage of oysters, mytilid mussels, and dreissenid mussels collected for NOAA’s National Status and Trends Mussel Watch Project. Analyses are conducted on paraffin-embedded tissues sectioned at a 5-μm thickness and stained using a pentachrome staining procedure. Each slide is examined microscopically to determine the animal’s sex and stage of gonadal development. A semi-quantitative ranking is assigned.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 5
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    The study and production of fish sauce from Caspian Sea lam fish with traditional fermentation method and microbe and enzyme adding method and identification of important bacteria (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19475 | 17408 | 2016-01-25 09:48:26 | 19475 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Fish sauce is a popular fermented product used in south Asian countries which is made from different small fishes in this research work it was attempted to produce fish sauce from kilka of the Caspian sea, the fish sauce was made from three models of kilka ,such as whole kilka , cooked whole kilka and dressed kilka , each of these models treated it four different fashions of fermentation such as:1- Traditional method, 2- Enzymatic method 3- Microbial method, 4- Mixture of enzyme and microb The results of this investigation showed that time of fermentation for the traditional method was six month, enzymatic method one month, microbial method 3 month and the mixture of enzyme and microb 1 month. The rate of fermentation was least for dressed Kilka, microbial and biochemical changes of Kilka fish sauce were evaluated, total bacterial count was 2.1-6.15 log cfu/ml total volatile nitrogen (TVN) in samples recorded was 250 mg /100g, the amount of protein varied between 10-13 percent, the name of commercial enzymes added was Protamex and Flavourzyme, the bacteria added was L act ob acillus and Pediococous, fish sauce containers fish and 20% salt, temperature of keeping for fermentation was 37 degree c for 6 month.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: S. Moini Counsellors: A. keyvan, Gh. Vosoughi
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 6
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    Study on effects of Beta-glucan & extraction of Sargassum & Padina algae in prevention and treatment of WSD in Fenneropenaeus indicus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25179 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:23:17 | 25179 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study two species of algae, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergeseni that found plenteously in Persian Gulf and Bushehr coast, were collected and hot water extracts of them were lyophilized. F. indicus (11.32±1.20 g), after two weeks adaptation in Shoghab research station were immersed in seawater (39 ppt and 25±1 ○C) containing hot-water extract of each brown algae, S.glaucescens and P.boergeseni, at 100, 300 and 500 mg/l concentration, Survival rate and immunological parameters (total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity) were examined. In addition effect of dietary administration of beta 1, 3 1, 6 glucan on prevention of White Spot Disease and immunological parameters of shrimp were investigated. According to results, immersion in seawater containing 300 and 500 mg/l concentration of algal hot-water extract after 2 and 3 hours or oral administration of beta 1,3 1,6 glucan at level of 10 g/kg diet for 14 days significantly enhanced THC, TPP, Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity. Immersion in seawater containing 100, 300 and 500 mg/l hot-water extract of S.glaucescens after 3 hours, improved the survival rate of WSSV-infected F. indicus.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr Province ; Beta-glucan ; Sargassum ; Padina algae ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Species ; Algae ; Brown Algae ; S.glaucescens ; P.boergeseni ; Survival rate ; White Spot Disease ; Shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 7
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    Using biotechnology and chemical approach extraction of chitin and conversion to chitosan from the cyst shells of Artemia urmiana (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25618 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:34:53 | 25618 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin and chitosan are 2 very important products of biopolymer that enjoy high consumption in industry, but their production sources are very limited. In this study, Artemia urmiana cyst shells were obtained from previously collected and stored ones in Iranian Artemia Research Center. 20 kg of Artemia urmiana cyst shells were sampled, cleaned, separated, dried and transferred to Iranian Artemia Research Center Laboratory to extract their Chitin and chitosan. Their chitin and chitosan initially were extracted using optimized common chemical methods. Their properties were compared to 2 other types of Chitin and chitosan obtained from crab and shrimp manufactured by Vietnam and China, respectively. To determine their quality, elemental analysis device, infrared spectrophotometry, x –ray radiography, determination of viscosity , molecular weight, crystallinity percent, color, de stylization measure, empirical and molecular formulas were made. The results showed that the percentage of chitin obtained from Artemia cyst Shells in Chemical method was 28 ± 3 % by weight and efficiency into chitosan (grade steel relief) in this method was 50± 5%. To optimize the extraction procedure and the removal of proteins of chitin by biological practices that were done by sodium hydroxide in the chemical method, it was replaced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. And in the bio- phase of chitosan de steelation fungus Aspergillus niger enzyme was replaced instead of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures. The results showed that chitin and chitosan can be extracted from Artemia cyst shell using biological method and their characteristics included as in chitin 49.6% C, 8.2 % N, 7.5 % H, and 34.5 %O. Also the same levels for chitosan were 44.4 %, 8.9, 7.2 and 39.5 %, respectively. Their other quality characteristics were included chitin average molecular weight 4.9×10^6 Dalton, crystallinity percentage of 36.4, viscosity at 20°C 31 centipoise and its color was gray to brown. In the biologic method, the average molecular weight of chitosan, crystallinity percentage, viscosity at 20°C, were 5.1×105 Dalton, 94.5, and 18 centipoises, respectively. Also, its color was pale brown. Chemical structure of extracted chitin and chitosan from the shell of Artemia urmiana cysts were C_7H_12NO_4 and C_6H_11 NO_4c, respectively. The comparison of chitin and chitosan obtained from each chemical and biological method revealed that replacing biological methods instead of chemical methods is possible in achieving these products at suitable condition and better quality. This can eliminate the use of chemicals damaging the environment such as sodium hydroxide and decrease environmental pollution.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Artemia urmiana cyst shell ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Chemical ; Biological methods ; Crab shell ; Shrimp shell ; Biotechnology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 8
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    Extraction‚ purification, identification and amount verification of steroids in Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergesni algae in Oman Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25642 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:40:17 | 25642 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Brown Algae ; Padina boergesenii ; Steroids compounds ; Extraction ; Purification ; Identification ; Amount verification ; Sargassum glaucescens ; Algae ; Abundant ; Sampling ; Chromatography ; Cephadex ; Dehydrocholesterol ; Cholesterol ; Fucosterol ; β-sitosterol ; Stigmasterol ; Ostreasterol
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 9
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    Trout farms and other human activities effects on Cheshmehkileh river ecosystem in Tonekabon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25792 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:54:26 | 25792 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Management ; Iran ; Tonekabon ; Cheshmehkileh ; River ; Pollution ; Aquaculture ; EPTC ; Assessment ; Macroinvertebrates ; Chemistry ; Microbiology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 10
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    Identification and measurement of fatty acids, amino acids in roe of tuna fish (Thunnus tonggol) and its TVB and peroxide value during cold storage (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19311 | 17408 | 2016-02-08 10:25:26 | 19311 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The first aim of this research was to identify fatty acids, amino acids composition of Thunnustonggol roe and their changes during cold storage (-18'C). The second aim was to determinethe changes of moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the roe during one year cold storage(-18'C). 60 samples of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) ovaries were randomly collected formBandar-e-Abbas landings. The samples were frozen at-30'C and kept in cold store at -18'Cfor one year. According to a time table, the samples were examined for identification offatty acids, amino acids, moisture, protein, fat, ash, peroxide and T.V.N. and their changeswere evaluated during this time. The results showed that 26 fatty acids were identified. Theunsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were 62.33 and 37.6%,respectively, in fresh roe. So that, DHA (C22:6) and oleic acid (C18:1) had high amounts(24.79 and 21.88%) among the UFA and palmitic acid (C16:0) was the most content(22.75%) among the SFA. The PUFA/SFA was 0.91. Also, 17 amino acids were identifiedthat essential amino acids (EAA) and nonessential amino acids (NE) were 10478 and 7562mg/100g, respectively, and E/NE was 1.38. Among the EAA and NE, lysine (2110mg/100g)and aspartic acid (1924 mg/100g) were the most contents. Also, results showed that moisture,ash, protein and fat contents were 72.74, 1.8, 19.88 and 4.53%, respectively, in fresh roe. Theeffects of freezing and cold storage on the roes showed that UFA and SFA contents havereached to 49.83 and 48.07%, respectively, at the end of cold storage. It indicated that thesecompounds change to each other during frozen storage. Also, n-3 and n-6 series of fattyacids were 32.75 and 1.61% in fresh roe. But their contents decreased to 22.96 and 1.25% atthe end of period. Among the fatty acids, 22:6 and C16:0 had the most changes. The changesof fatty acids were significantly at 95% level except for C15:1, C18:3(n-3) and C20:4(n-6).All of the amino acids decreased in frozen storage and their changes were significantly(P〈0.05). EAA was 7818 mg/100g and E/NE was 1.27 at the end of storage period. Amongthe amino acids, leucine and lysine had the most changes. Moisture, ash, protein and fatcontents were 70.13, 1.82, 19.4 and 6.51%, respectively, at the end of storage period. Theperoxide value and T.V.N. increased during storage. So that, their contents have reached to5.86 mg/kg and 26.37 mg/100 g, respectively, at the end of frozen storage. The best shelf lifeof Thunnus tonggol roe was 6 or 7 months, because of lipid oxidation and increasing ofperoxide.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: S. Moeini Counsellors: A. Keyvan, M. Yousefian
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 11
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    Effect of different heating treatments and kind of filling media on the amounts of some mineral elements (iron, zinc, copper, calcium and sodium) of silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix) during canning (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25429 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:29:13 | 25429 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, first, the influence of three precooking methods (steaming, oven-baking and microwave-cooking) on the contents of mineral elements-copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium-of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was evaluated. Determination results of evaluated elements in raw fish and cooked samples were in range 3.05 to 4.19 for copper, 71.45 to 82.85 for zinc, 32.18 to 40.70 for iron, 425.6 to 529.46 and 315.5 to 534.76 for calcium. Results showed different precooking treatments had no significant effects on the amounts of mineral elements such as copper, zinc, calcium and sodium. The Iron content in the samples subjected to microwave cooking increased. With doing multivariate analysis, on comparing the raw and precooked fillets, steam cooking found to be the best precooking method on retain mineral elements. After choosing the best precooking method, for evaluating the influence of different filling media including sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil and brine, on the quality of canned silver carp, amounts of mineral elements(copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium) and microbial indices(total counts, thermopile count and clostridium) and sensory indices (color, smell, taste and texture) was surveyed. Assessments of microbial indices showed no microbial activity in canned products. After canning amounts of sodium increased in all the treatments. Except for iron, using soybean oil had no significant effect on the contents of other elements. The highest levels of iron and copper were observed in olive oil canned samples sterilized at 130°C. Sensory evaluating showed, kind of filling media had no significant effects on sensory indices such as taste, smell and color of canned samples. The texture of soybean oil canned samples and the quality defects of olive oil and brine canned samples had better condition than other treatments. In the last step, canned silver carp were proceed under three different temperatures (115°C, 120°C and 130°C) with equal lethality value (Fo=7min), then sensory indices and amount of mineral elements were compared. Results showed, the contents of iron, copper, sodium and calcium were changed in soybean oil canned sample. The amounts of copper and sodium in sunflower oil canned sample subjected to different heating regimes showed significant variation. The highest amount of copper was observed in the canned samples subjected to 130°C heating regime. Results showed contents of iron and copper of olive oil canned sample subjected to 120°C and 130°C heating regimes were higher than sample subjected to 115°C heating regime, while the zinc and calcium contents had no variation. In brine canned samples the highest amounts of copper and iron was obtained after sterilization in 120°C. Results of sensory evaluation showed different heating regimes had no significant effects on the indices of taste, smell, and color of products. Doing 130°C heating regime in brine canned samples led to obtain the better tenacity of texture. While this heating regime caused to increase the quality defects of soybean oil canned samples as a result of existence of hard parts of bone.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Precooking ; Filling media ; Heating regime ; Sterilization ; Silver carp ; Mineral elements ; Hypopthalmichthys molitrix ; Samples ; Sunflower oil ; Soybean oil ; Silver Carp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 12
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    Study on the sustainability of FPC produced from Kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis, C. grimmi and C. cultriventris) in two vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging at different environmental factors (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19301 | 17408 | 2016-02-01 21:14:27 | 19301 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Fish protein concentrate (FPC) is a healthy, sustainable and high nutritiveproduct which sanitized produced from fishes in which, protein and othernutrients are more concentrated than in fresh fishes.The aim of this research is to study on the sustainability of FPC producedfrom Kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis , C. grimmi and C. cultriventris)in two Vaccum Packaging and Modified Atmosphere Packaging atdifferent environmental factors during six months.In our study the analysis of FPC protein showed 91.2%, lipid: 0.5%, ash:3.6%, moisture: 2.3%, Total Volatile Nitrogen: 10 ml/100gr andperoxide: 5meq/kg. Amino acids and fatty acids were also determined.Bacteria and Fungi were lower than 1000 colony. Samples are kept indifferent condition of temperature (5, 20 and 35 degree centigrade),humidity (25, 40 and 90 percent) and light and dark environment in sixmonth.Lipid rate in FPC after 6 months in VP and MAP (60% C02, 30 % N2 and10% O2), packages was decreased but was not significant (P〉0.05). It wasalso detected that increase temperature lead to more decrease in lipidcontent. Protein rate of FPC was decreased from 91.2% to 73.6% duringsix months at 35°C in VP Package and from 91.2% to 69.4% in MAPpackage. These changes were significant (P〈0.05). TVN and PV rate inFPC after 6 months in VP and MAP packages was increased but wassignificant (P〈0.05). Amino acids and fatty acids were also determined.But more changes in MAP packages was detected.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Abbas Ali Motalebi Counsellors: Wadud Rzvylar, Aliasghar Khanipoor. The full text document is in Farsi only so it has not been possible for AC Editors to check the metadata input.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries
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    Type: thesis
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    Quantative and qualitive identification of the fatty acids in the mullet (Liza aurata), sever juga (Acipenser stellatus) and Persian sturgeon (A. persicus), considering of cold storing effects on them (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19474 | 17408 | 2016-01-25 09:45:47 | 19474 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: At the fishing season, in 2000, samples of species persian sturgeon (A. persicus), Severjuga (A. stellatus) and Mullet (L. aurata), were caught from the southern coasts of Caspian Sea and were freezes and preserved in the cold storage for one year They have also become biometery. The tissue's fillet were identified in order to determined the Fatty Acids. This was done during one year, frequently, fresh, two weeks after freezing and then monthly, respectively. So, after the extraction of lipids from the tissues and methylation, was injected to the gas-liquid Chromatography. After calibration, identified Fatty Acids were compared with standards according to their Retention Times. Peroxid value, lipid content and humidity were controlled. The unsaturated Fatty acids had The most amount, and a plenty of Polyunsaturated Fatty acids (PUFA) were observed, so that linoleic (C18:2), a-linolenic (C18:3), Arashidonic (C20:4), EPA (C20:5) and DHA (C22:6) Fatty acids had high amounts. The w-3, PUFA were more in comparison with w-6. The effects of freezing and cold storing on the fish fatty acids , were evaluated by the statistical tests , like SPSS, Tukey, Homogenous and Anova, and showed that in some species, a group of Fatty acids, specially PUFA, had some variation. The peroxide value that indicates the lipid deterioration, increased during toring. So, the best term if preserving in the cold storage, were determined and their Nutrition value and Medical applications due to their consumption were investigated.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Sohrab Moeini Counsellors: Amin Keyvan, Mehdi Yousefian
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries
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    The effect of thyroxine (T4) on prematurating in female, on survival percent, growth and development of egg and larval in rainbow trout, grass carp, silver carp and barbell of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25118 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 02:17:23 | 25118 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Studies show that thyroxine can play an important role in regulating growth and other physiology activities. Since the direct role of thyroxine in growth metamorphose larval of bony fishes hasn't been proved yet, during the experiment accomplished in Shahid Ansari and Jajrood station, the hormones function in the survival of development of silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout were studied. In this study accomplished of thyroxine baths with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm (with 3 repeat). The other phase, thyroxine injected to females grass carp, silver carp, rainbow trout and barbell of Caspian Sea with different doses (1, 10 and 100 g/g B.W.). Tehn survival of development of embryo and larval and precent of fertilization were studied. Also, the percent of mortality were compared in two phases in stages of development. Results show that: 1) Trout: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was 8.58% that was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 2) Silver carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were (20%) increased to other treatment (P〈0.5). b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 3) Grass carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were 39% increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 1 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 4) Barbel of Caspian Sea: Development stages wasn't determined in this fish. Number of eggs degenerated, number of eggs were the first development stages and growth of numbers increased on ovary.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Thyroxine ; Female ; Survival ; Growth ; Egg ; Larval ; Grass Carp ; Silver Carp ; Thyroxine (T4)
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    Production of bio-compatible nanofiber from chitosan with electrospinning method for preservation and maintenance aquatic products (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25713 | 18721 | 2018-10-10 10:11:15 | 25713 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin nanofibers are prepared from the exoskeletons of shrimp by a simple mechanical treatment after a series of purification steps. The nanofibers have fine nanofibers networks with a uniform width of approximately 10 nm. Grinders and highpressure water jet systems are effective for disintegrating chitin into nanofibers. Acidic conditions are the key factor to facilitate mechanical fibrillation. Ultrafine fibers were successfully fabricated chitosan and fish skinextracted gelatin via electrospinning (ES). Important ES parameters, such as concentration of aqueous acid and fish gelatin solutions, and electric field intensity were examined to investigate the effects on the morphology of the gelatin nanofibers. Due to the poor mechanical properties of the fish gelatin membranes, composite nanofibers made of fish gelatin and poly(L-lactide)(PLLA) were produced with a novel solution. The introduction of PLLA remarkably improved the mechanical properties of the gelatin membranes. With a combination of good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, fish gelatin/PLGA blending non-woven mats are considered to be very promising in fish fillet coating application.. in this study, we fabricated a novel nanofibers composed of fish collagen (FC) and polycaprolactone (PCL) blends by using the electrospinning method. Nanofibers were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and it was revealed that the diameter of nanofibers decreases as FC content was increased in the FC/PCL composite nanofibers. Several modifications to the chitin NF surface are achieved, including acetylation, deacetylation and maleylation. The results of this study revealed that: 1–It is possible to produce Nanofibers from chitosan and fish gelatin. 2– Covering and coating of processed fish by nanofibers are applicable and increasing the possibility of shell life for the processed fish. 3– Nanofibers which have been produced from chitosan and fish gelation not only is environmentally friendly but also it will be eatable while has been covered for fish fillets. biocompatible chitosan and gelatin made from fish, fresh fish fillets do not have the ability to cover and packaging, but is edible and used.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Nanofiber ; Chemical modification ; Fish ; Aquatic ; Maintenance
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    Determination of sediment nutrients in the cage fish culture area (before breeding) of the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran coast-Kelarabad) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25755 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 06:22:22 | 25755 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to determine phosphorous and nitrogen species at the surface sediment in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Coast, Kelarabad). Surface sediments samples were collected at three stations from autumn of 2011 to winter of 2012. All samples were prepared by digesting and extracting processes and then phosphorous and nitrogen species concentrations determined using spectroscopy instrument. Results of this study showed that annual mean of Loosely-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Bioava.-P, Ca-P, TIP, Rese.-P and TP was obtained as 5.06±0.33, 55.11±2.52, 42.38±3.74, 102.52±5.68, 172.91±7.12, 275±9.12, 333.30±28.52 and 608±52 µg/g.dw, respectively. The results also showed that inorganic phophorous was less than organic phophorous during different seasons, however, mean percentage of residue-P containing organic compounds and non-degradable compounds was more than 50 percent. Percentage of Ca-P was higher than 60, whereas Bioava.-P was less than 40 percent. In addition, Fe-P and Loosely-P attained the maximum and minimum values, respectively, among the bioavailable phophorous. The order of different forms of phosphorous were recorded as Org-P〉Ca-P〉FeP〉Al-P〉Loosely-P. Annual mean of NH4/N, NO2/N, NO3/N, TIN, TON and TN were observed as 4.23±0.50, 0.06±0.01, 0.74±0.12, 5.02±0.53, 2.48±0.63 and 7.53±0.51 µg/g.dw, respectively. Annual percentage of TIN was two folds than TON and concentration of NH4/N was also four times than NO3/N. As a conclusion, the results revealed that main causes of Bioava.-P adsorption and desorption were temperature, Eh and pH. Also, the form of NH4+/N was of a high percentage because of anaerobic condition in the sediments. According to the high ratios of nitrogen/phosphorous of sediments to nitrogen and phosphorous of bottom water, it finds that released of those from the sediments to water will be happened with high rates. Therefore, it is expected that the establishment of fish farming cages should be carried out with more precautionary approaches which not leads to increased algae bloom.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Kelarabad ; Mazandaran coast ; Phophorous ; Nitrogen ; Surface sediment ; Determination ; Breeding
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    The feasibility commercialized study to produce vitamin and mineral premixes and binder from seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium for White leg shrimp (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25772 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:08:05 | 25772 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Seaweed belonged to baseborn marine plants with cell wall containing of valued polysaccharides such as Agar, Alginate, Limen sulfate and Carmine, used as food additives and in different industries. Base on previous studies, more than 1000 MT. of Sargassum seaweed withdraw from Oman Sea in Sistan and Baluchistan coastal line which can be collect, dried and powdered for using as supplement in shrimp feed. In this project, Sargassum ilicifolium collected from 6 coastal areas, rinsed, dried, powdered and measured the nutritional values in laboratory for surveying statistically. According to the high nutritional value of Tis coastal seaweed, this variety seaweed powder, replaced with protein resources (fish meal and Soy and Wheat) of white-leg shrimp feed which was formulated by Havorash feed factory of Boshehr in four treatments (A: as control without any replacement) B: with 5%, C: 10 % and D: 15% seaweed replacement, each with three replicates in order to obtain isonitrogenus 33% CP., and iso-caloric (13% fat and 15% carbohydrate) feed using winfeed software. The weighed milled ingredients were carefully mixed using a laboratory food mixer. The mixtures were primed with 30% hot water to yield a suitable pulp. Wet diets were made into 2 mm pellet size and dried at 40 °C in a drying cabinet and maintained in standard condition which was used for water stability and absorption capacity test of the pellets in sea water, statistically one way- ANOVA. The Tis coastal seaweed with 9.8% CP, 2% lipid and 23% carbohydrate had higher nutritional value compared to the other gathered seaweed. Also amino acid and fatty acid profiles, vitamins and minerals were measured in all seaweed samples each, with three replications. As result, for using Sargassum ilicifolium as vitamins and mineral premixes in white- leg shrimp feed, Zinc, Cobalt and Phenylalanine with dose of 1.1, 06.0 and 4.0 ml. 100% dried seaweed must be added respectively. The water stability of D feed treatment in seawater (98%) and C (97%) had statistical differences with A and B (95% stability) (P〈0.05). Water absorption capacity of feeds after one hour immersion in seawater showed significance difference between D (110%) and three others, C(100%), B(85% and control(80%) (P〈0.05). As final aim of this project, enriched product of this seaweed as minerals and vitamins supplements were handsel joinery in the Second Medicine Plant Festival, 2016 and registered in recording organization to give the final certificate.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Sargassum illicifolium ; Sargassum illicifolium ; Mineral and vitamins supplements ; Natural binder ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Seaweed ; Vitamin ; White leg shrimp
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    Study on the possibility of producing low-fat spread using gelatin extracted from cultured carp wastes (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25580 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 10:35:48 | 25580 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: By-products consist of more than half of the total weight of fish. Most part of these wastes made from connective tissue proteins that provide good potential to produce gelatin. Nowadays, consumers are more health conscious and have responded to the call for a diet that contains low calorie and low fat. This work involved the characterization of a low-fat spread made of fish gelatin as gelling agent, emulsifier and fat replacer. Six treatments with Fish gelatin (FG) to pectin ratio 1:1 and 2:1, with pectin concentration of 1, 2 and 3%, were produced and evaluated for quality changes and storage-life at refrigerated storage. The results showed that prepared emulsions were physically stable and no phase separation observed during 8 wks. The pH of treatments was 4.5 to 4.9. The moisture content of treatments varied from 68.9% for T1 (FG/pectin ratio 1:1) to 65.4% for T6 (FG/pectin ratio 6:3). The Max. lipid of samples was measured 28.4%. Max. and min. protein of samples were 3.8% for T6 and 1.6% for T2 (FG/pectin ratio 2:1), respectively. No significant differences (p≥0.05) were observed between ash content of all treatments and control (commercial margarin). The acidity of treatments increased during storage and were significantly different from production day (p≤0.05). Peroxide value (PV) of treatments increased significantly at refrigerated storage. No significant differences were observed between PV of treatments during different wks of sampling. The results of texture profile analysis showed that firmness, compressibility and adhesiveness properties were significantly increase with higher substitution of FG with pectin. Color, Aroma, Taste and texture properties of prepared samples were found to significantly lower than control, according to sensory evaluation. Significant increases were observed in mold/yeast and psychrophilic count of treatments during storage. The macroscopic growth of molds was observed on all samples in 8th wks. No coliform growth was observed in all treatments at any time. Results suggest that low-fat spread properties were significantly influenced by different ratios of fish gelatin and pectin incorporated. It seems that these results can provide new opportunities to develop market with introducing novel products to response consumer demands. Some quality defects observed in this study can be improved by using suitable machinery at industrial scale.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Fish gelatin ; Low-fat spread ; Fish wastes ; Quality characterictics ; Texture profile ; Shelf-life ; Refrigerated temperature ; Cultured Carp ; Diet ; Lipid
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    Flow and chemical characteristics of the St. Johns River at Jacksonville, Florida (2021)
    Florida Geological Survey | Tallahassee, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1212 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:58:52 | 1212 | Florida Geological Survey
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: This report will be of substantial value to water managers in developing theSt. Johns River as a multiple resource. Evaluation of the capacity of the river toaccept pollutants without adversely affecting other uses requires detailed data offlow and chemical characteristics and an understanding of how they interact. (66 page document)
    Keywords: Limnology ; Chemistry ; Planning ; pollutants ; St. Johns River ; Florida ; water quality
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    Extent and toxicity of contaminated marine sediments in Southeastern Florida (2021)
    NOAA/National Ocean Service/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2167 | 403 | 2014-02-21 20:30:50 | 2167 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Thirty sites were sampled in southern Biscayne Bay and Manatee Bay in December 1999 to determine the extent of toxicity in sediments. Analyses and assays included: pesticides and phenols in seawater; chemical contaminants in sediment; amphipod mortality, HRGS P450, sea urchin sperm fertilization and embryology, MicrotoxTM, MutatoxTM, grass shrimp AChE and juvenile clam mortality assays; sea urchin sperm, amphipod and oyster DNA damage; and benthic community assessment. Sediment sites near the mouth of canals showed evidence of contamination. Contaminant plumes and associated toxicity do not appear to extend seaward of the mouth of the canals in an appreciable manner. Concentrations of contaminants in the sediments in open areas of Biscayne and Manatee Bays are generally low. (PDF contains 140 pages)
    Description: Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment
    Keywords: Pollution ; Environment ; Chemistry
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    Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Year 3 - Southern Puget Sound (2021)
    NOAA/National Ocean Service/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2170 | 403 | 2011-09-29 19:36:47 | 2170 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: As a component of a three-year cooperative effort of the Washington State Department of Ecology and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, surficial sediment samples from 100 locations in southern Puget Sound were collected in 1999 to determine their relative quality based on measures of toxicity, chemical contamination, and benthic infaunal assemblage structure. The surveyencompassed an area of approximately 858 km2, ranging from East and Colvos Passages south to Oakland Bay, and including Hood Canal. Toxic responses were most severe in some of the industrialized waterways of Tacoma’s Commencement Bay. Other industrialized harbors in whichsediments induced toxic responses on smaller scales included the Port of Olympia, Oakland Bay at Shelton, Gig Harbor, Port Ludlow, and Port Gamble. Based on the methods selected for this survey, the spatial extent of toxicity for the southern Puget Sound survey area was 0% of the total survey area for amphipod survival, 5.7% for urchin fertilization, 0.2% for microbial bioluminescence, and 5-38% with the cytochrome P450 HRGS assay. Measurements of trace metals, PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, other organic chemicals, and other characteristics of the sediments, indicated that 20 of the 100 samples collected had one or more chemical concentrations that exceededapplicable, effects-based sediment guidelines and/or Washington State standards. Chemical contamination was highest in eight samples collected in or near the industrialized waterways of Commencement Bay. Samples from the Thea Foss and Middle Waterways were primarilycontaminated with a mixture of PAHs and trace metals, whereas those from Hylebos Waterway were contaminated with chlorinated organic hydrocarbons. The remaining 12 samples with elevated chemical concentrations primarily had high levels of other chemicals, including bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, and phenol. The characteristics of benthic infaunal assemblages in south Puget Sound differed considerably among locations and habitat types throughout the study area. In general, many of the small embayments and inlets throughout the studyarea had infaunal assemblages with relatively low total abundance, taxa richness, evenness, and dominance values, although total abundance values were very high in some cases, typically due to high abundance of one organism such as the polychaete Aphelochaeta sp. N1. The majority of thesamples collected from passages, outer embayments, and larger bodies of water tended to have infaunal assemblages with higher total abundance, taxa richness, evenness, and dominance values. Two samples collected in the Port of Olympia near a superfund cleanup site had no living organisms in them. A weight-of-evidence approach used to simultaneously examine all three “sediment qualitytriad” parameters, identified 11 stations (representing 4.4 km2, 0.5% of the total study area) with sediment toxicity, chemical contamination, and altered benthos (i.e., degraded sediment quality), 36 stations (493.5 km2, 57.5% total study area) with no toxicity or chemical contamination (i.e., high sediment quality), 35 stations (274.1 km2, 32.0% total study area) with one impaired sediment triadparameter (i.e., intermediate/high sediment quality), and 18 stations (85.7km2, 10.0% total study area) with two impaired sediment parameters (i.e., intermediate/degraded quality sediments). Generally, upon comparison, the number of stations with degraded sediments based upon the sediment quality triad of data was slightly greater in the central Puget Sound than in the northern and southern Puget Sound study areas, with the percent of the total study area degraded in each region decreasing from central to north to south (2.8, 1.3 and 0.5%, respectively). Overall, the sediments collected in Puget Sound during the combined 1997-1999 surveys were among the least contaminated relative to other marine bays and estuaries studied by NOAA using equivalent methods. (PDF contains 351 pages)
    Description: Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment; Washington State Department of Ecology Environmental Assessment Program Environmental Monitoring and Trends Section Olympia, Washington Publication No. 02-03-033
    Keywords: Pollution ; Environment ; Chemistry
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    Sampling and analytical methods of the National Status and Trends Program Mussel Watch Project: 1993-1996 Update (2021)
    NOAA/National Ocean Service/Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2201 | 403 | 2011-09-29 19:28:30 | 2201 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, butyltins, polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and metabolites, other chlorinated pesticides, trace and major elements, and a number of measures of contaminant effects are quantified in bivalves and sediments collected as part of the NOAA National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program. This document contains descriptions of some of the sampling and analytical protocols used by NS&T contract laboratories from 1993 through 1996. (PDF contains 257 pages)
    Description: Coastal Monitoring and Bioeffects Assessment Division
    Keywords: Pollution ; Environment ; Chemistry
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  • 23
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    Magnitude and extent of chemical contamination and toxicity in sediments of Biscayne Bay and vicinity (2021)
    NOAA/National Ocean Service/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2199 | 403 | 2011-09-29 19:28:38 | 2199 | United States National Ocean Service
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The toxicity of sediments in Biscayne Bay and many adjoining tributaries was determined as part of a bioeffects assessments program managed by NOAA’s National Status and Trends Program. The objectives of the survey were to determine: (1) the incidence and degree of toxicity of sediments throughout the study area; (2) the spatial patterns (or gradients) in chemical contamination and toxicity, if any, throughout the study area; (3) thespatial extent of chemical contamination and toxicity; and (4) the statistical relationships between measures of toxicity and concentrations of chemicals in the sediments.The survey was designed to characterize sediment quality throughout the greater Biscayne Bay area. Surficial sediment samples were collected during 1995 and 1996 from 226 randomly-chosen locations throughout nine major regions. Laboratory toxicity tests were performed as indicators of potential ecotoxicological effects in sediments. A battery of tests was performed to generate information from different phases (components) of the sediments. Tests were selected to represent a range in toxicological endpoints from acute to chronic sublethal responses. Toxicological tests were conducted to measure: reduced survival of adult amphipods exposed to solid-phase sediments; impaired fertilization success and abnormal morphological development in gametes and embryos, respectively, of sea urchins exposed to pore waters; reduced metabolic activity of a marine bioluminescentbacteria exposed to organic solvent extracts; induction of a cytochrome P-450 reporter gene system in exposures to solvent extracts; and reduced reproductive success in marine copepods exposed to solid-phase sediments.Contamination and toxicity were most severe in several peripheral canals and tributaries, including the lower Miami River, adjoining the main axis of the bay. In the open basins of the bay, chemical concentrations and toxicity generally were higher in areas north of theRickenbacker Causeway than south of it. Sediments from the main basins of the bay generally were less toxic than those from the adjoining tributaries and canals. The differenttoxicity tests, however, indicated differences in severity, incidence, spatial patterns, and spatial extent in toxicity. The most sensitive test among those performed on all samples, a bioassay of normal morphological development of sea urchin embryos, indicated toxicity was pervasive throughout the entire study area. The least sensitive test, an acute bioassay performed with a benthic amphipod, indicated toxicity was restricted to a very small percentageof the area.Both the degree and spatial extent of chemical contamination and toxicity in this study area were similar to or less severe than those observed in many other areas in the U.S. The spatial extent of toxicity in all four tests performed throughout the bay were comparable tothe “national averages” calculated by NOAA from previous surveys conducted in a similar manner.Several trace metals occurred in concentrations in excess of those expected in reference sediments. Mixtures of substances, including pesticides, petroleum constituents, trace metals, and ammonia, were associated statistically with the measures of toxicity. Substances most elevated in concentration relative to numerical guidelines and associated with toxicity included polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT pesticides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, hexachloro cyclohexanes, lead, and mercury. These (and other) substances occurred in concentrations greater than effects-based guidelines in the samples that were most toxic in one or more of the tests. (PDF contains 180 pages)
    Description: Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment
    Keywords: Ecology ; Pollution ; Chemistry
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    Survey of sediment quality in Sabine Lake, Texas and vicinity (2021)
    NOAA/National Ocean Service/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2200 | 403 | 2011-09-29 19:28:23 | 2200 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The toxicity of sediments in Sabine Lake, Texas, and adjoining Intracoastal Waterway canals was determined as part of bioeffects assessment studies managed by NOAA’s National Status and Trends Program. The objectives of the survey were to determine: (1) the incidence and degree of toxicity of sediments throughout the study area; (2) the spatial patterns (or gradients) in chemical contamination and toxicity, if any, throughout the study area; (3) the spatial extent of chemical contamination and toxicity; and (4) the statistical relationships between measures of toxicity and concentrations of chemicals in the sediments.Surficial sediment samples were collected during August, 1995 from 66 randomly-chosen locations. Laboratory toxicity tests were performed as indicators of potential ecotoxicological effects in sediments. A battery of tests was performed to generate information from different phases (components) of the sediments. Tests were selected to represent a range in toxicological endpoints from acute to chronic sublethal responses. Toxicological tests were conducted to measure: reduced survival of adult amphipods exposed to solid-phase sediments; impaired fertilization success and abnormal morphological development in gametes and embryos, respectively, of sea urchins exposed to pore waters; reduced metabolic activity of a marine bioluminescent bacteria exposed to organic solvent extracts; and induction of a cytochrome P-450 reporter gene system in exposures to solvent extracts of the sediments.Chemical analyses were performed on portions of each sample to quantify the concentrations of trace metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated organic compounds. Correlation analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between measures of toxicity and concentrations of potentially toxic substances in the samples.Based upon the compilation of results from chemical analyses and toxicity tests, the quality of sediments in Sabine Lake and vicinity did not appear to be severely degraded. Chemical concentrations rarely exceeded effects-based numerical guidelines, suggesting that toxicant-induced effects would not be expected in most areas. None of the samples was highly toxic in acute amphipod survival tests and a minority (23%) of samples were highly toxic in sublethal urchin fertilization tests. Although toxic responses occurred frequently (94% of samples) in urchin embryo development tests performed with 100% pore waters, toxicity diminished markedly in tests done with diluted pore waters. Microbial bioluminescent activity was not reduced to a great degree (no EC50 〈0.06 mg/ml) and cytochrome P-450 activity was not highly induced (6 samples exceeded 37.1 ug/g benzo[a]pyrene equivalents) in tests done with organic solvent extracts. Urchin embryological development was highly correlated with concentrations of ammonia and many trace metals. Cytochrome P450 induction was highly correlated with concentrations of a number of classes of organic compounds (including the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated compounds). (PDF contains 51 pages)
    Description: Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment
    Keywords: Ecology ; Pollution ; Chemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Magnitude and extent of sediment toxicity in selected estuaries of South Carolina and Georgia (2021)
    NOAA/National Ocean Service/Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2226 | 403 | 2011-09-29 19:25:45 | 2226 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Toxic chemicals can enter the marine environment through numerous routes: stormwater runoff, industrial point source discharges, municipal wastewater discharges, atmosphericdeposition, accidental spills, illegal dumping, pesticide applications and agricultural practices. Once they enter a receiving system, toxicants often become bound to suspended particles and increase in density sufficiently to sink to the bottom. Sediments are one of the major repositoriesof contaminants in aquatic envronments. Furthermore, if they become sufficiently contaminated sediments can act as sources of toxicants to important biota. Sediment quality data are direct indicators of the health of coastal aquatic habitats.Sediment quality investigations conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and others have indicated that toxic chemicals are found in the sediments and biota of some estuaries in South Carolina and Georgia (NOAA, 1992). This report documents the toxicity of sediments collected within five selected estuaries: Savannah River, Winyah Bay, Charleston Harbor, St. Simons Sound, and Leadenwah Creek (Figure 1). (PDF contains 292 pages)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Chemistry ; Environment
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    An assessment of two decades of contaminant monitoring in the Nation’s Coastal Zone. (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2232 | 403 | 2014-02-21 01:55:57 | 2232 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Executive Summary:Information found in this report covers the years 1986 through 2005. Mussel Watch began monitoring a suite of trace metals and organic contaminants such as DDT, PCBs and PAHs. Through time additional chemicals were added, and today approximately 140 analytes are monitored. The Mussel Watch Program is the longest running estuarine and coastal pollutant monitoring effort conducted in the United States that is national in scope each year. Hundreds of scientific journal articles and technical reports based on Mussel Watch data have been written; however, this report is the first that presents local, regional and national findingsacross all years in a Quick Reference format, suitable for use by policy makers, scientists, resource managers and the general public.Pollution often starts at the local scale where high concentrations point to a specific source of contamination, yet some contaminants such as PCBs are atmospherically transported across regional and national scales, resulting in contamination far from their origin. Findings presented here showed few national trends for trace metals and decreasing trends for most organic contaminants; however, a wide variety of trends, both increasing and decreasing, emerge at regional and local levels. For most organic contaminants, trends have resulted from state andfederal regulation. The highest concentrations for both metal and organic contaminants are found near urban and industrial areas.In addition to monitoring throughout the nation’s coastal shores and Great Lakes, Mussel Watch samples are stored in a specimen bank so that trends can be determined retrospectively for new and emerging contaminants ofconcern. For example, there is heightened awareness of a group of flame retardants that are finding their way into the marine environment. These compounds, known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are now being studied using historic samples from the specimen bank and current samples to determine their spatial distribution. We will continue to use this kind of investigation to assess new contaminant threats.We hope you find this document to be valuable, and thatyou continue to look towards the Mussel Watch Programfor information on the condition of your coastal waters. (PDF contains 118 pages)
    Description: Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment
    Keywords: Ecology ; Pollution ; Environment ; Chemistry
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    Test well exploration in the Myakka River Basin area, Florida (2021)
    Florida Geological Survey | Tallahassee, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1335 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:44:07 | 1335 | Florida Geological Survey
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: In recent years, difficulties encountered in obtaining ground-water supplieswith acceptable chemical characteristics in the Myakka River basin area led tothe implementation of a test drilling program. Under this program, well drillingand data collection were executed in such a manner that all water-producingzones of the local aquifers, together with the quality and quantity of the wateravailable, were effectively identified.A step-drilling method was utilized which allowed the collection offormation cuttings, water samples, and water-level data, from isolated zones inthe well as drilling proceeded. The step drilling procedure is described. Thedriller's logs, geophysical logs, and chemical quality of water tables arepresented.(Document has 66 pages.)
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Chemistry ; water supply ; groundwater ; Myakka River Basin area ; Florida
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    Ground-water resources data of Charlotte, DeSoto, and Hardee Counties, Florida (2021)
    Florida Geological Survey | Tallahassee, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1336 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:44:11 | 1336 | Florida Geological Survey
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Charlotte, De Soto, and Hardee counties are east-southeast ofTampa in west-central peninsular Florida, figure 1. In order toplan the future water-resource development of the area, informationabout the water resources is needed. To meet this need, the WaterResources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperationwith the Peace River Basin Board of the Southwest Florida WaterManagement District as part of the statewide cooperative programwith the Division of Geology, Florida Board of Conservation, begana continuing hydrologic data collection program in July, 1963, asan initial step in the investigation and evaluation of the groundwaterresources of Hardee and De Soto counties. A similar hydrologicdata program commenced in Charlotte County in July, 1964.Previous work in Hardee and De Soto counties included aone year reconnaissance by the Division of Water Resources andConservation, Florida Board of Conservation, which concluded inJune, 1963, and resulted in a hydrologic report (Woodard, 1964).As an outgrowth of the hydrologic data program, a Map Seriesreport portraying the chemical character of water in the Floridanaquifer in the southern Peace River basin was prepared in 1967(Kaufman and Dion).The data contained herein constitute the basis for the MapSeries report. Additional selected data, including records of wellsand chemical analyses,, on the ground-water resources of the threecounty area are also included and are published to make the dataavailable.(Document has 28 pages.)
    Description: Prepared by the UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY in cooperation with the DIVISION OF GEOLOGY FLORIDA BOARD OF CONSERVATION and the SOUTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Chemistry ; groundwater ; Charlotte County ; DeSoto County ; Hardee County ; Florida
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    Water resource records of the Econfina Creek Basin area, Florida (2021)
    Florida Geological Survey | Tallahassee, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1337 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:44:17 | 1337 | Florida Geological Survey
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The Econfina Creek basin area in northwestern Florida, which includes BayCounty, southeastern Washiigton County, and parts of Calhoun, Gulf, andJackson counties is shown in figure 1. The basin has an abundant supply ofground water and surface water of good quality. This determination is based ona three-year investigation of the water resources of the basin by the U. S.Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Geology, Florida Board ofConservation, during the period from October 1961 through June 1964. Thepurpose of this report is to assemble the basic data collected during thisinvestigation for those persons interested in water development or managementin this basin.(Document has 131 pages.)
    Description: Prepared by the United States Geological Suvey in cooperation with the Division of Geology, Florida Board of Conservation
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Chemistry ; Water quality ; Econfina Creek ; Florida
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    An assessment of chemical contaminants in the marine sediments of southwest Puerto Rico (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2156 | 403 | 2014-02-21 20:21:25 | 2156 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: This report summarizes the results of a characterizationof chemical contaminants in the sediments in southwestPuerto Rico. The report is part of a project to integratevarious analytical specialties to assess linkages betweenchemical contaminants and the condition of coral reefs. In this phase of the project, over 120 chemical contaminants were analyzed in sediments collected, including a number of organic (e.g., hydrocarbons), inorganic (e.g., metals), and biological (bacterial) compounds/analytes. The report also provides a preliminary analysis of the association betweensediment contaminants and coral species richness.Overall, the levels of chemical contaminants in the study area between Guanica Bay and the town of La Parguera were fairly low. At most of the sites sampled, particularlyadjacent to the town of La Parguera, concentrations oforganic and inorganic contaminants were below the median values from NOAA’s National Status and Trends Program, which monitors the Nation’s coastal and estuarine waters for chemical contaminants. Elevated levels of a number of contaminant classes were seen at the two sites sampled within Guanica Bay.An initial analysis of modeled PAH (hydrocarbon) data and coral species richness (reef building species) indicated a strong negative correlation between the presence of PAHs in the sediments and coral species richness. Additional work is needed to assess possible reasons for this observed pattern. (PDF contains 126 pages).
    Description: Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment
    Keywords: Ecology ; Management ; Environment ; Chemistry
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    Karst [poster] (2021)
    Florida Geological Survey | Tallahassee, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/649 | 3 | 2011-09-29 21:45:02 | 649 | Florida Geological Survey
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Florida’s geology allows for the creation of many interesting featuresincluding sinkholes, underground rivers, springs, and caves. Thesefeatures make up what is called karst topography which forms as flowingwater slowly dissolves the limestone and dolostone. (1 poster)
    Description: Karst Educational Posters
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Limnology ; Earth Sciences ; Chemistry ; karst ; springs ; sinkholes ; Florida ; charts
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    Water-resource records of Brevard County, Florida (2021)
    Florida Geological Survey | Tallahassee, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/639 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:23:46 | 639 | Florida Geological Survey
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The U. S. Geological Survey made a comprehensiveinvestigation of the water resources of Brevard Countyfrom 1954 to 1958. The purposes of this investigation were:(1) to determine the occurrence and chemical quality ofwater in the streams and lakes, (2) to determine the locationand the thickness of aquifers, and (3) to determine theoccurrence and chemical quality of the ground water. Duringthe period from 1933 to 1954, water records were collectedfrom a few stream-gaging stations and a few observationwells. The purpose of this report is to present basic datacollected during these investigations. (Document has 188 pages.)
    Keywords: Limnology ; Earth Sciences ; Chemistry ; water quality ; streams ; lakes ; aquifers ; Brevard County ; Florida
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    Florida's ground water quality monitoring program: background hydrogeochemistry (2021)
    Florida Geological Survey | Tallahassee, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1307 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:49:55 | 1307 | Florida Geological Survey
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The purpose of this report is to present theresults of the initial quantification of backgroundwater quality in each of the state's major potableaquifer systems. Results are presented andinterpreted in light of the influencing factors whichlocally and regionally affect ambient ground-waterquality. This initial data will serve as a baselinefrom which future sampling results can becompared. Future sampling of the Network willindicate the extent to which Florida's regionalground-water resources are improving or decliningin quality. (Document has 378 pages.)
    Keywords: Limnology ; Chemistry ; Florida ; groundwater ; monitoring ; geochemistry
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    Organic Contaminant Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: 2000-2006 (2021)
    NOAA/National Ocean Service/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science/Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2116 | 403 | 2014-02-21 20:19:33 | 2116 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: This document describes the analytical methods used to quantify core organic chemicals in tissue and sediment collected as part of NOAA’s National Status and Trends Program (NS&T) for the years 2000-2006. Organic contaminat analytical methods used during the early years of the program are described in NOAA Technical Memoranda NOS ORCA 71 and 130 (Lauenstein and Cantillo, 1993; Lauenstein and Cantillo, 1998) for the years 1984-1992 and 1993-1996, respectively. These reports are available from our website (http://www.ccma.nos.gov) The methods detailed in this document were utilized by the Mussel Watch Project and Bioeffects Project, which are both part of the NS&T program. The Mussel Watch Project has been monitoring contaminants in bivalves and sediments since 1986 and is the longest active national contaminant monitoring program operating in U.S. costal waters. Approximately 280 Mussel Watch sites are sampled on a biennial and decadal timescale for bivalve tissue and sediment respectively. Similarly, the Bioeffects Assessment Project began in 1986 to characterize estuaries and near coastal environs. Using the sediment quality triad approach that measures; (1) levels of contaminants in sediments, (2) incidence and severity of toxicity, and (3) benthic macrofaunal conmmunities, the Bioeffects Project describes the spatial extent of sediment toxicity. Contaminant assessment is a core function of both projects. These methods, while discussed here in the context of sediment and bivalve tissue, were also used with other matricies including: fish fillet, fish liver, nepheloid layer, and suspended particulate matter.The methods described herein are for the core organic contaminants monitored in the NS&T Program and include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), butyltins, and organochlorines that have been analyzed consistently over the past 15-20 years. Organic contaminants such as dioxins, perfluoro compounds and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed periodically in special studies of the NS&T Program and will be described in another document.All of the analytical techniques described in this document were used by B&B Laboratories, Inc, an affiliate of TDI-Brook International, Inc. in College Station, Texas under contract to NOAA. The NS&T Program uses a performance-based system approach to obtain the best possible data quality and comparability, and requires laboratories to demonstrate precision, accuracy, and sensitivity to ensure results-based performance goals and measures. (PDF contains 75 pages)
    Description: Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Chemistry
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    Magnitude and Extent of Contaminated Sediment and Toxicity in Chesapeake Bay (2021)
    NOAA/NOS/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science/Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2115 | 403 | 2014-02-21 20:18:40 | 2115 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: INTRODUCTION:This report summarizes the results of NOAA's sediment toxicity, chemistry, and benthic community studies in the Chesapeake Bay estuary. As part of the National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program, NOAA has conducted studies to determine the spatial extent and severity of chemical contamination and associated adverse biological effects in coastal bays and estuaries of the United States since 1991. Sediment contamination in U.S. coastal areas is a major environmental issue because of its potential toxic effects on biological resources and often, indirectly, on human health. Thus, characterizing and delineating areas of sediment contamination and toxicity and demonstrating their effect(s) on benthic living resources are viewed as important goals of coastal resource management. Benthic community studies have a history of use in regional estuarine monitoring programs and have been shown to be an effective indicator for describing the extent and magnitude of pollution impacts in estuarine ecosystems, as well as for assessing the effectiveness of management actions.Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuarine system in the United States. Including tidal tributaries, the Bay has approximately 18,694 km of shoreline (more than the entire US West Coast). The watershed is over 165,000 km2 (64,000 miles2), and includes portions of six states (Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia) and the District of Columbia. The population of the watershed exceeds 15 million people. There are 150 rivers and streams in the Chesapeake drainage basin. Within the watershed, five major rivers - the Susquehanna, Potomac, Rappahannock, York and James - provide almost 90% of the freshwater to the Bay. The Bay receives an equal volume of water from the Atlantic Ocean.In the upper Bay and tributaries, sediments are fine-grained silts and clays. Sediments in the middle Bay are mostly made of silts and clays derived from shoreline erosion. In the lower Bay, by contrast, the sediments are sandy. These particles come from shore erosion and inputs from the Atlantic Ocean. The introduction of European-style agriculture and large scale clearing of the watershed produced massive shifts in sediment dynamics of the Bay watershed. As early as the mid 1700s, some navigable rivers were filled in by sediment and sedimentation caused several colonial seaports to become landlocked.Toxic contaminants enter the Bay via atmospheric deposition, dissolved and particulate runoff from the watershed or direct discharge. While contaminants enter the Bay from several sources, sediments accumulate many toxic contaminants and thus reveal the status of input for these constituents. In the watershed, loading estimates indicate that the major sources of contaminants are point sources, stormwater runoff, atmospheric deposition, and spills. Point sources and urban runoff in the Bay proper contribute large quantities of contaminants. Pesticide inputs to the Bay have not been quantified. Baltimore Harbor and the Elizabeth River remain among the most contaminated areas in the Unites States.In the mainstem, deep sediment core analyses indicate that sediment accumulation rates are 2-10 times higher in the northern Bay than in the middle and lower Bay, and that sedimentation rates are 2-10 times higher than before European settlement throughout the Bay (NOAA 1998). The core samples show a decline in selected PAH compounds over the past several decades, but absolute concentrations are still 1 to 2 orders of magnitude above 'pristine' conditions. Core data also indicate that concentrations of PAHs, PCBs and, organochlorine pesticides do not demonstrate consistent trends over 25 years, but remain 10 times lower than sediments in the tributaries. In contrast, tri-butyl-tin (TBT) concentrations in the deep cores have declined significantly since it=s use was severely restricted. (PDF contains 241 pages)
    Keywords: Chemistry
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    Application of whey protein incorporation with Cinnamon oil as a preservative in Huse huso fillet under chilled storage condition (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19139 | 17408 | 2016-02-06 09:39:39 | 19139 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Biodegradable protein-based film was developed by incorporating cinnamon essential oil(CEO) into whey protein concentrate (WPC) at level of 0.8% and 1.5% v/v. Then physicaland mechanical properties of the films were evaluated. Adding CEO to the WPC matrixdecreased the water vapour permeability of the films and water solubility. Films containingCEO showed significant antibacterial activity both gram-positive and gram-negative strainsand exhibited significant inhibitory effect on the studied fungi. In continue, the effect ofwhey coating and whey coating incorporated with 1.5% CEO on quality and shelf life ofHuso huso fillet during refregrated (4±1°C) storage period were also investigated. The controland treated fish samples were analyzed for microbiological (total viable count, psychrophiliccounts), chemical (PV, TBA, FFA, pH, TVB-N), and sensory characteristics in 4-dayintervals up of microbial, chmical and sensoy analyses indicated lower levels of PV, TBA,FFA, pH, TVB-N in coasted sampels and specially, those with CEO while were kept inrefrigerator. Based on results, whey protein edible coating contain 1.5% cinnamon essentialoil could enhance preserving ability Huso huso during storage cold.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: M. Rezaei Counsellors: M. Soltioni, A. kamali
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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    A study on the effect of Zataria multiflora Bioss essential oil and Nisin on the growth of Lactococcus garvieae in the rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19143 | 17408 | 2016-02-06 09:45:48 | 19143 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The ever-increasing population of the world and the growing need for animal protein has doubled the modern man’s demand for food. Additionally, the improvement in the general public health, and the worsening of environmental/ecological pollution have prompted today’s world to look for ways to procure healthy food. And one such attempt is the use of natural preservatives to decrease the bacterial load in foodstuffs, in other words, to increase their durability.This study evaluates the effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Bioss (EO 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.135, 0.405%) and Nisin (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 μg/ml) and storage time (9 days) on the growth of Lactococcus garvieae Ir-170A(856bp) alone, and their combination in a food model system (fillets of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Additionally, the growth of a sample of this bacteria in laboratory conditions was studied.The results of this study showed that different concentrations of Nisin had a significant impact (p〈0.05) on Lactococcus garvieae.With the value of t in 0.75 μg/ml, the effectiveness rose to 65.77%; the biggest effect on Lactococcus garvieae. And the effect at 4 0C exceeded 80C.The study has also demonstrated that all concentrations of Zataria multiflora Bioss were effective against Lactococcus garvieae. However, with the value of t at 0.405%, the effectiveness was 71.91%. This value had the biggest effect on Lactococcus garvieae. At 4 0C, the effect surpassed the one at 80C.The synergistic effects of the EO and Nisin showed that with the value of t at 0.405% EO and 0.75 μg/ml Nisin was 14.62% had the greatest effect on Lactococcus garvieae.In this study, multi-factorial effects for different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Bioss (EO 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.0025%), three different concentrations of122Nisin (0, 0.25,0.75 μg/ml) and two different levels of PH (5.5 , 7) at two incubation temperatures (15,37) on logp% of Lactococcus garvieae during 43 days in BHI broth were evaluated. Most of the effects on Lactococcus garvieae occurred in PH 5.5 and at a temperature of 150C.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Mehdi Soltani, A. Akhondzadeh Basti. counsellor: A. Kamali
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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    Influence of cold storage time on the protein changes and fatty acids deterioration of (Rutilus frisi kutum) during frozen storage (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19304 | 17408 | 2016-02-08 10:30:38 | 19304 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The main aim of this research was to identify fatty acids composition of Caspian sea of White fish Rutilus frisi kutum tissue and their changes during one year cold storage (-18Ċ).The secondary aim was to determine the changes of moisture, ash, protein, fat, and to investigate the effects of storage time on peroxide, TBAi, FFA, and extractability of myofibrillar proteins of the fish tissue during one year cold storage (-18 Ċ). 10 samples of (Rutilus frisi kutum) were randomly collected from Anzali landings. The samples were frozen at -30 Ċ and kept in cold storage at -18Ċ for one year. According to time table, the samples were examined. The results showed that 27 fatty acids were identified. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were 74/09 and 21/63 %, respectively, in fresh tissue. So that DHA (C22:6) oleic acid (C18:1c) had high amounts (15/07 ,20/57 ) among the UFA and palmitic acid (C16:0) was the most (13/09 %) among the SFA. The effects of freezing and cold storage on fish tissue showed that UFA and SFA contents have reached to 58/79 and 22/17 %, respectively, at the end of cold storage. It indicated that these compound change to each other during frozen storage. Also ω-3 and ω-6 series of fatty acids was 24/22 and 15/56% in fresh tissue, but their contents decreased to 8/68 and 5/11% at the end of period. Among the fatty acids C22:6, C18:1c and C16:0 had the most changes. The changes of fatty acids were significantly at 95% level expected for C18:0. Results showed that moisture, ash, protein, and fat contents were 75/9±0/03, 1/28±0/012, 21/8±0/2, and 4/1±0/01 % respectively, in fresh tissue. The moisture, ash, protein, and fat contents were 72/3±0/04, 1/83±0/05, 1/91±0/01 and 19/9±0/01 % respectively, at the end of storage period. Lipid damage was measured on the basis of free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and Thiobarbituric acid index (TBA-i). PV, TBARS and FFA concentration of frozen Caspian Sea white fish stored at -18 Ċ the temporal variation of these three variables were statistically significant (p〈0.001). Results of White fish myofibrillar proteins showed aggregation of bound reduced for stored at 12 months. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that, the intensity of the myosin heavy chain and actin bound was reduced with increasing storage time. SDS-PAGE patterns showed that myosin heavy chain was much more susceptible to hydrolysis than actin.Key words: Rutilus frisi kutum, frozen storage, ω-3, ω-6, protein myofibrillar
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Sohrab Moeini, Nasser Ghaemi Counsellors: A.K. Haghdost
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 39
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    Application of combined effect of sodium acetate and nisin on reduction of contamination by Listeria monocytogenes in vacuum packaged grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets kept at 4°C (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19186 | 17408 | 2016-02-06 09:46:24 | 19186 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: In this study microbiological , chemical quality and fatty acid composition ofgrass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets treated by dipping in sodiumacetate (%1 and %3), nisin (% 0.1 and % 0.2) and combination of sodiumacetate and nisin was evaluated during 16 days of refrigerated of 4°CAntilisterial effect of nisin was enhanced with the increased concentration ofsodium acetate. At day 12 post storage, Listeria monocytogenese count washigher in the control group than the recommended value, however in sodiumacetate and nisin treated samples, the count was lower (5.17-5.91 log cfu/g).With increasing the concentrations of sodium acetate, mesophilic counts werelower. Regarding nisin, better results was obtained by applying %0.1 nisin.Greater inhibition of mesophile bacteria was observed when combinationtreatment was used. The number of lactobacillus was lower when higherconcentrations of sodium acetate and nisin were used.Total Volatile Nitrogen values at the end of the experiment were lower in thesamples treated with both nisin and sodium acetate and the better results wereobtained in combination treatments. Peroxide (PV) at the end of the experimentwas 1.9 meq/kg in control, and the lowest values were observed for thetreatments 3(%0 sodium acetate +% 0.2 nisin) and 9(%3 sodium acetate +% 0.2nisin) between 1.08 and 1.62 meq/kg without significant difference.Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) levels at the end of experiment have been shown tobe 0.46 mg malonaldehyde per kg in the control. On the other hand treatments 9had the TBA values of 0.19 mg malonaldehyde per kg which was significantlylower than that of control.Polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by increasing the sodium acetate dosesand instead saturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio decreased. The ratio ofUFA/SFA and also C22:6/C16:0 increased when a higher concentration ofsodium acetate has been used. The best result obtained by using 3% of sodiumacetate but no such relation with nisin was observed.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Mehdi Soltani, Abolghasem Kamali Counsellors: Mohammad Reza Ghomi, Seyed Ebrahim Hoseini
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 40
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    Effect of thawing methods on the chemical, biochemical, microbiological and sensory indices of Caspian Sea kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19182 | 17408 | 2016-02-06 09:57:11 | 19182 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Effects of different thawing method i.e. in a refrigerator, in water, at air ambient temperature and in a microwave oven on proximate, chemical (PV, TBA, FFA, TVB-N, SSP, FA), biochemical (pH, WHC,ThL), microbial (total viable, psychrotrophic, coliform, Shewanella and yeast-mould count) and sensory analysis were carried out on frozen whole Caspian sea Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) and Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) carcasses. The values of ash, protein, SSP, WHC, PUFA, PUFA/SFA. EPA+DHA/C16:0, pH, and microbial count of thawed samples decreased significantly while fat, PV, TBA, FFA, TVB-N, SFA and MUFA increased compared to the fresh fish (unfrozen) as control samples. Also, sensory evaluation all of thawed samples showed a significant (p〈0.05) quality loss compared to the fresh fish as control samples. The lowest chemical and biochemical values as well as microbial growth were determined in water thawed samples. Therefore, based on this study thawing in water is most suitable for frozen whole rainbow trout.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Masoud Rezaei, Mehdi Soltani Counsellors: Mohammad Haghighi, Reza Pourgholam
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 41
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    Effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil and nisin on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in light salted silver carp fillet (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19245 | 17408 | 2016-02-08 10:18:48 | 19245 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: There is an increasing demand in developing newer and safer methods in preserving food products.Among which herbal additives seem to attract evermore attention recently.the major advantage of herbal additives is due to their favorable aroma besides their antimicrobial effects and less expensive than chemical additives. Zataria multiflora Boiss is a native Iranian herb which is used vastly as a food preserver essential oils and also medical usage.Metabolites of harmless bacteria, such as Nisin are also known to be safe preservatives that have antimicrobial activity.However to establish the usefulness of natural antimicrobial preservatives, they must be evaluated alone and in combination with other preservation factors to determine whether there are synergistic effects in rigid media .In this study were evaluated the effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora (EO 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.135, 0.405 ,0.810 %) and Nisin(0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.75 μg/ml) and Storage time (up to 21 days) on growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 in a food model system(light salted fish of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix).The results on growth of S. aureus were evaluated using SPSS 15.0 statistical software (SPSS 15.0 for windows, SPSS Inc.) and analyzed the logarithm of total count of the bacteria by Tukey Test. Results were considered statistically significant when P≤0.05.The growth of Staphylococcus aureus was affected significantly(P〈0.05) by EO and Nisin and also combinations of EO and Nisin.Samples treated with 0.135, 0.405 and 0.810% of thyme essential oil showed a significant decrease on the growth of the bacteria compared with an treated samples(P〈0.05). No significant difference was seen on the growth of S.aureus in samples treated with lower concentrations of Z.multiflora(below 0.045%) and untreated group(P〉0.05).The most inhibitory effects were seen in samples treated with 0.405% and 0.810% of thyme essential oil until 9 and 12 days after storage,respectively.Also there was significant inhibtory effect(P〈0.05) in different concentration of nisin on the organism compared with an treated samples.The synergism effects of the Eo and nisin on the growth rate of the bacteria was significant (P〈0.05) compared with untreated samples and samples treated with the Eo or nisin, only. Synergismic effects was observed at concentration of 0.405 and 0.810% of Z. multiflora essential oil with 0.25 μg/ml Nisin, respectively until 15 days after storage.As expected it is preferred to apply the least possible amounts of additives in food preserving that not only are effective and safe but are economically justifiable.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti, Mehdi Soltani counsellors: Abbas Matinfar
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 42
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    Determination of proximate composition, shelf life and fatty acid profiles of breaded kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris) during frozen storage (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19144 | 17408 | 2016-02-06 09:40:52 | 19144 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The present study aimed production of a new product with various texture and sensoryproperties in chase of the impetus for increasing human consumption considering suitableresources of Kilka fish in Caspian Sea. Following deheading, gutting, and brining, commonKilka were battered in two different formulations, i.e. simple batter and tempura batter, viaautomated predusting machinery and then, they were fried through flash frying for 30 secondsat 170°C in sunflower oil after they were breaded with bread crumbs flour. The products weresubjected to continuous freezing at -40°C and were kept at -18°C in cold storage for fourmonths once they were packed. Chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture, and ash), fattyacid profiles (29 fatty acids), chemical indices of spoilage (peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid,free fatty acids, and volatile nitrogen), and microbial properties (total bacteria count andcoliform count) were compared in fresh and breaded Kilka at various times before frying (rawbreaded Kilka), after frying (zero-phase), and in various months of frozen storage (phases 1,2, 3, and 4). Organoleptic properties of breaded Kilka (i.e. odor, taste, texture, crispiness,cohesiveness of batter) and general acceptability in the phases 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 were evaluated.The results obtained from chemical composition and fatty acid profiles in common Kilkadenoted that MUFA, PUFA, and SFA were estimated to be 36.96, 32.85, and 29.12 g / 100glipid, respectively. Levels of ù-3 and ù-6 were 7.6 and 1.12 g / 100 gr lipid, respectively.Docosahexaonoic acid (20.79%) was the highest fatty acid in PUFA group. ù-3/ù-6 andPUFA/SFA ratios were 7.6 and 1.12, respectively. The high rates of the indices and highpercentage of ù-3 fatty acid in common Kilka showed that the fish can be considered asinvaluable nutritional and fishery resources and commonsensical consumption of the speciesmay reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Frying breaded Kilka affected overall fat andmoisture contents so that moisture content in fried breaded Kilka decreased significantlycompared to raw breaded Kilka, while it was absolutely reverse for fat content. Overall fatcontent in tempura batter treatment was significantly lower than that of simple battertreatment (P≤0.05). Presence of hydrocolloids, namely proteins, starch, gum, and otherpolysaccharides, in tempura batter may prohibit moisture evaporation and placement with oilduring frying process in addition to boosting water holding capacity through confining watermolecules. During frying process, fatty acids composition of breaded Kilka with variousbatters changed so that rates of some fatty acids such as Palmitic acid (C16:0), Stearic acid(C18:0), Oleic acid (C18:1 ù-9cis), and linoleic acid (C18:3 ù-3) increased considerablyfollowing frying; however, ù-3/ù-6, PUFA/SFA, and EPA+DHA/C16:0 ratios (Polyan index)decreased significantly after frying. ù-3/ù-6, PUFA/SFA, and EPA+DHA/C16:0 ratios intempura batter treatment were higher than those of simple batter treatment which is anindicator of higher nutritional value of breaded Kilka with tempura batter. Significantelevations were found in peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, and free fatty acids in fried breaded Kilka samples compared to raw samples which points to fat oxidation during cooking process.Overall microorganism count and coliform count decreased following heating process. Bothbreaded Kilka samples were of high sanitation quality at zero-phase according to ICMSFStandard. The results acquired from organoleptic evaluation declared that odor, cohesiveness,and general acceptability indices, among others, had significant differences between thetreatments (P≤0.05). In all evaluated properties, breaded Kilka with tempura batter indifferent phases gained higher scores than breaded Kilka with simple batter. During coldstorage of various treatments of breaded Kilka, total lipid content, PUFA, MUFA, ù-3, ù-3/ù-6, PUFA/SFA, Polyen index decreased significantly. The mentioned reductions inaddition to significant elevation of spoilage indices, namely peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, andfree fatty acids, during frozen storage, indicate to oxidation and enzymatic mechanismactivity during frozen storage of breaded Kilka. Considering sensory evaluation at the end ofthe fourth month and TVB-N contents exceeded eligible rate in the fourth month, shelf life ofthe products during frozen storage was set to be three months at -18°C. The results obtainedfrom statistical tests indicate to better quality of breaded Kilka processed with tempura battercompared to simple batter in terms of organoleptic evaluation, spoilage indices, and highquality of fat in various sampling phases.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Ali Asghar Khanipour, Mehdi Soltani Counsellors: Abbasali Motallebi, Abolghasem Kamali
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 43
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    The effect of Rosmarinus officinalis and Zataria multiflora extracts on the stability of poly unsaturated fatty acids in frozen silver carp minced (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19118 | 17408 | 2015-12-14 19:22:20 | 19118 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The purpose of this study, Evaluation the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris extracts on the stability of poly unsaturated fatty acids in frozen Silver carp minced. Treatments include:Treatment 1 - Control: frozen meat packaged in conventionalTreatment 2: Frozen Silver carp minced+Thyme 300 mg/kg in normal packagingTreatment 3: Frozen Silver carp minced+Rosemary 200 mg/kg in normal packagingTreatment 4: Frozen Silver carp minced+Rosemary compound (100 mg/kg) and Thyme(100 mg/kg) in normal packagingAfter rapid freezing of samples in the spiral freezer by individual quick freezing method, tomaintain the cold temperature (-18) °C were transferred. Sampling and measurements to determine the fatty acid profile of the zero phase beginning in the first month and then every ten days, and 15 days in the second month of the third month after the monthly test.Identifying, defining and measuring the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography was performed. In this study, levels of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in threeexperimental and one control were identified as follows:A: saturated fatty acids: Meristic C14: 0/Palmitic C16: 0/Hepta decaenoic C17: 0/Stearic C18: 0/Arashidic C20: 0/B:Mono unsaturated fatty acids: palmitoleic C16: 1-W7/Oleic C18: 1-W9/Gadoleic C20:1-W9C:Poly unsaturated fatty acids: Linoleic C18: 2-W6/α-Linolenic C18: 3-W3D:High unsaturated fatty acids: Arachidonic C20: 4-W6 Eicosapentaenoic acid C20: 5-EPA/W3 Docosahexaenoic C22: 6-DHA/W3Results of this study was to determine, Thyme and rosemary extracts containing silver carpminced stored in freezing conditions, Stability of different types of fatty acids, monounsaturatedfatty acids, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are. So that none of the fatty acids measured were not significant 100% increase or decrease,While changes in the fatty acid oxidation during storage time is minimized. The resultsobtained from the fatty acid profiles and indicators of their and statistical tests show that treatment with rosemary extract More stable during storage (-18) ° C In comparison with the control and other treatments are shown; And at relatively low compared to othertreatments and control samples oleic acid and linoleic acid, palmitic more.According to studies,in Silver carp minced that containing rosemary extract, end of the storage period of six months. Were usable, so even rosemary extract the shelf-lifeexamples to increase more than six months.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: A. A. Motalebi Moghanjvqy, Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Counsellors: Ali Asghar Khanipour, Mehdi Soltani
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 44
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    Application of encapsulated nisin and sodium citrate for shelf life increasing of Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) fillet packaged with MAP and their effect on Staphylococcus aureus (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19141 | 17408 | 2016-02-01 21:04:45 | 19141 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Nisin is a widely used naturally occurring antimicrobial effective against many pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. It has been proposed thatreduced efficacy of nisin in foods can be improved by technologies such as encapsulation to protect it from interferences by food matrix components. Theaim of this study was using of spray dried encapsulated nisin with zein in concentration of (0.15 and 0.25 g/kg) and sodium citrate (1.5 and 2.5%) and treatments with both of them to extent the shelf life of filleted trouts packagedby Modified Atmosphere Packaging (45% CO2, 50% N2 ,5% O2) and stored at 4±1 °C for 20 days. Furthermore, to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of encapsulated nisin and soudium citrate the trouts fillets was inoculated withStaphylococcus aureus as an index pathogenic bacteria. Assessment of chemical spoilage indexes such as (Proxide value, Thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basenitrogen and pH) , microbial parameters (Total Plate Count, Psychrotrophic count, Lactic acid bacteria count), Staphylococcus aureus cont in treatments which were inoculated with 5 logcfu/g of this bacteria and sensory evaluation of fillets including (smell, color, texture and total acceptability) was carried out indays of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20. The results revealed that treatment with both exposure of nisin and sodium citrate showed significantly lower chemicalspoilage indexes in comparison with controls (vaccum packed and MAP)(P〈0.05). Furthermore, (nisin 0.25 g/kg sodium citrate 2.5%) treatment whichwas exposed to the maximal level used of both materials was significantly thelowest treatment with (Proxide value, Thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basenitrogen and pH) of 9.95 (meq O2/kg) , 1.55 (mgMA/kg), 29.65 (mgN/100g) and 6.65 , respectively and according to the maximal recommended level of this indices , shelf life of fillets in this treatment was esstimated 20 days.The control(vaccum packed) treatment was significantly the highest treatment with (Proxide value, Thiobarbituric acid, total volatile base nitrogen and pH) of 15.17 (meq O2/kg), 3.03 (mgMA/kg), 38.4 (mgN/100g) and 6.95 , respectively and according to the maximal recommended level of this indices , shelf life of filletsin this treatment was estimated 11 days. Also, in microbial point of view (nisin0.25 g/kg- sodium citrate 2.5%) treatment was the lowest treatment with TotalPlate Count, Psychrotrophic count, Lactic acid bacteria count andStaphylococcus aureus count of 6.7, 6.83, 5.25 and 6.04 logcfu/g respectively,and conrol (vaccum packed) treatment was the highest treatment with 9.15, 9.41, 7.7 and 9.01 logcfu/g respectively. According to the lower results of chemicaland microbial indices and higher sensory evaluated scores assessed in this research for encapsulated nisin in comparison with free nisin , it was concludedthat encapsulation of nisin with zein capsules may improve the efficiency of nisin. The measuremented values of Mass yield, Total solids content of capsules, Encapsulation efficiency, In vitro release kinetics in 200 hour for encapsulated nisin in this study was 49.89, 62, 98.31 and 69% respectively and Encapsulated particle size was lower than 674.21 μm for 90% of particles. As a consequence, nisin , in particular encapsulated nisin, and sodium citrate alone or together with and Modified Atmosphere packaging might be considered as effective tools in preventing the quality degradation of the fillets, resulting in an extension of their shelf life.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini, Aboulghassem Kamali Counsellorrs: Abbasali Motallebi, Resa Pourgholam
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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    Format: application/pdf
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