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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Teaching statistics 21 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9639
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article describes the use of Microsoft Excel, graphics calculators and a multimedia CBL package by students on an introductory statistics course.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 219 (1968), S. 1388-1389 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Seeds of Zea mays, Avena sativa, Triticum vulgare, Pisum sativum and Helianthus annuus were germinated in darkness at 25 C and when the primary root was 20-30 mm long, a 6 mm segment was excised 1 mm behind the apex. Twenty segments were placed vertically with either their apical or basal ends on a ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 119 (1974), S. 27-37 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of pH on the elongation rate of 2-mm-long subapical segments from corn roots (Zea mays L.) was investigated under aerobic (O2) and anaerobic (N2) conditions using a specially designed apparatus. The maximum elongation rate was obtained with a citrate-phosphate buffered solution of pH 3.4 or a non-buffered solution of pH 3.2. Acid stimulation of the elongation rate occurred in the zone of maximum elongation in the root, the 3 mm region 1 mm behind the apex. The acid response can be rapidly and repeatedly reinitiated by alternating between pH 4.0 and 7.0 media. Low pH can increase the elongation rate under N2 conditions, but the response is only ca. 50% that of the increase observed under O2 conditions. Reinitiation of the acid response does not occur when solutions are gassed with N2. The data suggest that the response of root segments to H ions is similar to that reported in the literature for shoot tissue. However, the magnitude of the root response is much higher than that of shoot tissue. Also, there is evidence that some aspects of the mode of action of H ions on wall loosening in root tissue may differ from that in shoot tissue. Corn root segments, though lacking a cuticle, do not respond to low pH in the manner reported for peeled stem tissue, the cuticle and epidermis of which have been removed. For these reasons rapid-growth responses of roots and shoots may not be strictly comparable.
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of historical geography. 6:4 (1980:Oct.) 421 
    ISSN: 0305-7488
    Topics: Geography
    Description / Table of Contents: Other studies
    Notes: Reviews
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 193 (1994), S. 580-584 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Amyloplast ; Cucumis (peg formation) ; Graviperception ; Peg formation (Cucurbitaceae) ; Root-shoot transition zone ; Statolith
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been proposed that peg formation in the vascular transition region (TR zone) between the hypocotyl and the root in Cucurbitaceae seedlings is a gravimorphogenetic phenomenon. Initiation of the peg became visible 36 h after imbibition when cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Burpee Hybrid II) seeds were germinated in a horizontal position at 24°C in the dark. Simultaneously, sedimented amyloplasts (putative statoliths) were apparent in the sheath cells surrounding the vascular strands, and in the cortical cells immediately adjacent to them, in the TR zone. In contrast, the other cortical cells, some of which were destined to develop into the peg, contained amyloplasts which were not sedimented. These results suggest that the graviperception mechanism for peg formation may be like that of statoliths in shoot gravitropism. By 48 h following imbibition, the cells of the TR zone still had sedimented amyloplasts but had lost their sensitivity to gravity, possibly because of their maturation.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 203 (1997), S. S1 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 83 (1968), S. 323-334 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The movement of IAA has been investigated in roots of dark-grown seedlings of Zea mays using IAA-I-14C. With 6-mm segments excised 1 mm below the apex of the root it has been shown that: (a) There is a strictly acropetal flux of IAA through the tissues, the amount of IAA found in an apical receiving block increasing almost linearly with increasing transport period up to about 6–7 hours, but thereafter declining for at least a further 18 hours. The onset of this decline appears to be dependent upon the concentration of IAA in the donor block. (b) The amount of IAA recovered in the apical receiving block increases with increasing concentration of IAA in the donor block over the range from 0.1–10 μM, with transport periods of both 4 and 9 hours. (c) The radioactivity in the receiving block is confined to the IAA molecule. (d) The orientation of the segment with respect to gravity did not significantly affect the acropetal polar flux of IAA in the tissue. With non-decapitated 7-mm root apices it has been found that the presence of the apex has no effect on the strictly acropetal flux of IAA in the tissues, but that it entirely prevented the emergence of IAA into an apical receiving block.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 83 (1968), S. 335-346 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The dependence upon metabolism of the acropetal polar flux of IAA through 6-mm Zea root segments has been investigated using IAA-I-14C. The results are as follows: 1. At 0°C the acropetal movement of IAA is reduced to the level of basipetal movement and the polar flux is thus abolished, even after transport periods of 24 hours. 2. In dead tissue the acropetal polar flux is abolished and replaced by a basipetal polar flux. 3. On exposing segments to anaerobic conditions, the acropetal polar flux of IAA is severely reduced during the first 4 hours, but reappears during the subsequent 4 hours. The tissue thus appears to have the ability of adapting to anaerobic conditions and of resuming the acropetal transport of IAA. 4. The acropetal flux of IAA found in segments deprived of oxygen for 8 hours is dependent upon anaerobic metabolism since it is abolished and replaced by a net basipetal flux in the presence of sodium fluoride. The acropetal polar flux of IAA through the Zea root segments is thus entirely dependent upon metabolic energy.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 87 (1969), S. 249-258 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Light promotes the net acropetal movement of 14C through 6-mm subapical segments of dark-grown roots of Zea mays supplied at their basal ends with 1 μM IAA-1-14C in agar blocks. This promotion occurs only when the segments are irradiated during the transport period, and both red and blue light appear to be as effective as white light at the radiant flux densities used in this investigation. The promotion is not found if the segments are pretreated with light and then returned to darkness before the trasport of IAA-1-14C is determined. The very slight basipetal movement of 14C through the segments supplied with an apical source of IAA-1-14C is unaffected by light. Only one radioactive substance is found in the apical receiver blocks. This substance has an Rf virtually identical to those of the stock solution of IAA incorporated into the donor block and of unlabelled IAA. The movement of radioactivity into the receiver blocks through, the illuminated segments therefore appears to reflect the movement of IAA. Light thus increases the acropetal movement of IAA through the Zea root segment. The primary roots of Zea mays var. Giant Horse Tooth seedlings grown in total darkness do not exhibit a positive geotropic response. When the seed is orientated with the embryo uppermost the radicle grows out horizontally. On exposure to light, however, the roots bend down. This reaction appears about 3–9 hours after the onset of illumination, and white, red and blue light appear to be equally effective at the flux densities employed in this study. Green light in the spectral band between 510–530 nm did not appear to induce this positive geotropic responsiveness.
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