ALBERT

Description: This study was conducted to determine physico-chemical characteristics of water and their spatial and temporal fluctuations in the Mazandaran coastal of Caspian Sea in 6 months, four seasons at 4 transects (Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad) during 2012-2013. 72 samples were collected at surface layer of water in 5, 15 and 30m depths. Then the sampls analyzed based on standard methods. Results showed that the mean of water and air temperature were 19.46±0.85 and 20.25±0.78 ◦C, respectively. Minimum and maximum of water temperature were recorded in winter (7.00) and summer time (28.10). Mean of salinity was 12.35±0.13 ppt. The maximum salinity was recorded in summer and minimum in winter in all transects. Mean of transparency (SD) in the present study was 2.63±0.18m. The mean of pH was observed 8.51±0.02 which was higher than the pervious sampling periods. The mean of DO was observed 6.00±0.07 ml/l during sampling period. Annual concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN= NH4 +, NO2-, NO3-) has a fairly wide variation in diferents months and transects. Percentage of nitrogen components out of DIN were varied 6-53, 0.14-26.0 and 37.0-94.0 respectively. In this study, percentage of DIN was lower than 15% and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was higher than 80%. Mean of annual dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP) and organic phosphorous were 0.58± 0.04 and 0.48± 0.02 µM, respectively. DIP and DOP percentages recorded 54 and 46 respectively. Mean annual of dissolved silicon (DSi) obtained 9.5± 0.2 µM. Based on the results, the system was in phosphorus limitation during spring and summer but it shifted to nitrogen limitation in autuman and winter. Phytoplankton development was not limited by DSi at any seasons.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: To accomplish the stock assessment that pre-planned for bony-fish resources investigation started by considering two pivotal act. First gathering biometric data and second using catch statistics information for stock analyses. Implementing the research programmes five itinerant groups in Anzali, Keyashahr, Noshahar, Babolsar, Torkaman have been organized during fishing season. The biometric data were supplied in computer that distincted by each fish species and subdivided into age groups. In analyses the samples, Bertalanffy formula used for calculating average length and age, also for growth coefficient. Total mortality rate calculated by using Pauly formula, and the biomass status estimated through Cohort analysis. The catch by beach seiner cooperatives recorded 8630 metric tons, but estimation including. Poacher catch raised the harvest to 15.6 thousand tons. The total catch of Kutum reduced by 1400 tons compared with previous year, but the estimation revealed the biomass of Kutum 18.5 thousand tones, the stock stowed reduction in quantity relative to past years. Harvest exceeding the limit, fishing pressure. And employing higher fishing effort, combining releasing the Kutum seedling with shorter average length in recent years, leaded the shrinkage of biomass of Kutum resources. The Golden Grey mullet catch has been estimated 3437 metric tons, the figure showed 1500 tons increment, in comparison with previous year, nearly 24% of catch was shorter than Lm50% of this species. In Guilan province higher number of sub - size golden mullet captured, this development occured less in Mazandaran and Golestan province. Higher rate of exploitation, reduction of catch in recent years, dominating small size fish in catch composition indicated the population undergoing stress in ecosystem. Thin - lipped grey mullet only comprised 9.2% of the mullet catch - Length - structure of this fish species population formed mainly by young small size fish, the biomass of latter estimated 1100 metric tons. Catch further than maximum sustainable yield, by higher exploitation rate, and gradual diminishing of harvest, represented the resources of this fish species suffering both by high fishing pressure and un - sustainable effort, which ultimately declined the fishery of this fish species. Carp catch and its resources in Anzali region become very low, it is necessary to enhance the stock by Sea-ranching programmes. The carp resources in Gorgan region enjoy better status, but catch practices do not compatible with rule and regulation in Gorgan and Gomeyshan area. The standing stock of Gorgan carp estimated nearly 6000 tons. The information concerning carp resources indicate the stock experiencing pressure and likely the catch will diminish in future. The total catal catch of carp calculated 1900 tons. In recent years the Caspian roach resources are increasing but the bulk of harvest fished illegally and by gill - nets. The total catch of the roach during 1998-1999 estimated 1700 tons. Considering the semi - artificial propagation of roach in Golestan province, if has been concluded the multiplication of this fish species also should be planned by fisheries authorities for Anzali region. It is also advisable catching of this fish species to be regulated soon and selective catch are proposed. The catch of pike - perch during the year of 1997 - 98 jumped to 95 tons, but 90% of catch formed by young fish or sub – standard length size. Almost, all the increment of catch attributed to the releasing of millions of seedlings in the Sea which the plan has been implemented by Iranian Fisheries. Increasing the numbers of released seedlings, with higher average weight Identification of most suitable site for unloading the fries could ensure better survival rate and contribute the enhancement of resources and produce good catch for this desirable fish species. The total catch of Bream hit 18 tons, but most of the catch comprised by young fish with sub - standard size. The present formation of fisheries population of bream are the result of seedling releasing! In the Sea by Iranian Fisheries, since the catch of bream are negligible despite releasing programmes of seedling in a decade which 14million individuals until now, one could conclude the programmes do not contributed effectively to stock rehabilitation. The Caspian Barbus (Barbus brachycephalus) are at the threshold 01 vanishing, at present a few numbers are caught, therefore B.capito appeared in catch composition. The catch of latter species in recent two years are increasing. Total catch during the year of 1998 - 99 estimated 34.5 tons, biomass calculated 93 tons. Caspian vimba are small size fish which beach seiner (mesh size in bosom 30 millimeters) could not capture them ideally, bulk of the catch caught in illegal manner by gill nets. The total catch estimated 154 tons which the present fishing procedures surpassed total allowable catch (136 tons). In recent years the catch of this fish species are increasing. "Shemaya' similar in size with Vimba are caught less by beach seiner, illegal catch are considerable, the total catch in 1998 - 99 estimated 86 tons. The level of harvesting of this fish species are increasing in recent years and its population size become significant relative to last years. The main part of catch concerning Aspius fish species occured in Guilan coastal area, high fishing pressure reduced the population size, including low discharge of water in rivers during spawning period, impact negatively to reproduction. Catch statistic in 1989 showed 128 tons of this fish species are caught but in 1998 - 99 it has been reduced to 6.8 tons. It has been suggested artificial spawning could prevent its fate as endangering species. Caspian salmon catch estimated 78 tons during 1998 - 99, salmon population in Caspian Sea are supported by releasing reared smolts, which in recent years nearly 500 thousands fingerlings released in suitable rivers. After banning the gil nets application in Southern Caspian Sea, the catch of salmon in beach seining are increasing. It is necessary the released smolts in rivers being protected for its safe approach to Caspian Sea. The total catch of herring fish species in 1998 - 99 were nearly 700 tons. The bulk of the catch occur In Guilan fishing area, elimination of gill - nets usage in Southern Caspian Sea contributed the increment of herrings catch in beach seining. The herring resources in Caspian Sea reduced relative to past decades. The catch during 1913 – 1916 ranged between 130 - 160 thousand tons, in Caspian Sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Feeding habits of three dominant species of tuna fishes (Thunnus tonggol, Thunnus albacares, Euthynnus affinis) and dominant species of sardine (Sardinella sindensis) were investigated from December 2006 to November 2007 in the western waters of Oman Sea. Seasonally samples of three species of these tuna and monthly samples of sardine were collected. Feeding studies on 101 longtail tuna (T.tonggol) indicated that the bony fishes were main food of this species (98.3%) and followed by random foods included cephalopods (1.7%) and crustaceans (1.7%). Among the bony fishes, anchovy (66 %) and sardines (25.9 %) were most important than the other fishes. FI and CV for this species were calculated 26.4 and 21.8 respectively. Stomach content analysis of 85 specimens of E.affinis demonstrated that bony fishes were only food for this species (100%). Sardines (49.3%) and anchovy (11.9%) were foremost food items for E.affinis. Moreover FI and CV were calculated 64.7 and 15.3 correspondingly. The stomach of 120 yellowfin tuna (T.albacares) were analyze. Results showed that bony fishes,cephalopods and crustaceans were formed food items of this species .Yellowfin tuna were preferable fed on bony fishes (87.7%) specially sardines(41.2%),flying fish(13.9%)and M.cordyla(10.4%) and followed by cephalopoda (43.8%) specifically Loligo sp.(84.5%) and crustaceans(11.2%) . FI and CV were calculated 38.3 and 25.8.Study on 320 stomachs were determined that zooplankton and phytoplankton formed food of S.sindensis. Zooplankton (crustacean and molluscs) were main food (90%) and phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae and Dynophyceae) were least food items (10%). Copepoda (crustaceans) with 58% were preferable food and bivalves and after that bivalves (molluscs) with 14%, Bacillariophyceae (8%) and Cyanophyceae (2%) CV and FI were 30.3 and 29.4 respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus , Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×105, 4.8±0.5 ×105 per mm 3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm 3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p〉0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm 3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm 3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Neogobius caspius is a small benthic fish that is native to the Caspian Sea. The importance of this fish is because of it is role as a main food resource of the Sturgeon fish. The genetic diversity of N.caspius populations in the Caspian Sea was studied using microsatellite technique. In the study 95 Samples of Neogobius caspius from two regions (torkman port and Chalus) in south Caspian Sea were collected. DNA was extracted using 12 pairs of microstellite primers polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted. DNA Bands were analyzed using uvdoct and GenAlEx software package. Out of 12 microsatellite primers, 11 loci were produced, in which 5 of them were polymorphic ,6 monomorph and one of them showed smear. Average of observed and expected hetrozygosity was 0/798 and 0/843 respectively. Significant genetic differences between 2 regions was observed (P 0/01). Deviations from hardy- Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases. These results indicate that at least, 2 population of Neogobius caspius exist in the south Caspian sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This project was carried out in order to increasing of nutritional value, taste and shelf life of cleaned Kilka Fish during cooled storage. Edible films made by Whey protein and Sodium alginate were used for fish packaging. This search carried out in two stages consisting of pre- study and study. 3, 6, 9 and 12% concentrations of Wp and 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% concentrations of SA at three times including 0, 2 and 4 hours were used in pre-study stage. The covered samples were kept in -18 ֯C. Microbial and sensory examination were carried out for a period of two months. Microbial factors were including total bacterial count, Staphylococcus bacteria count, Coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas bacteria. Sensory tests consist of taste, odor, color and tissue were studied in the fish samples. 12% and 0.5 % concentrations at time = 0 of edible films made by WP and SA considered in study stage. This is can be due to the significant differences in total acceptance index of sensory tests. Control sample cleaned Kilka was packaged in disposable dishes with cellophane covers in 500gr in weight. Two selected timar and mixed cover including 12 % and 0.5 % concentrations at time = 0 of edible films by WP and SA considered in study stage. The covered samples were kept in -18 ֯C. Microbial, chemical and sensory examination were carried out for a period of six months. These factors and chemical factors consisting of humidity, protein, lipid, ash, calorie, Peroxide value, free fatty acids, thiobarbitoric acid, TVN and pH were studied in test samples compared with the control samples. Coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas bacteria contamination were negative until the end of storage period in the covered samples. The mean total bacterial count and Staphylococcus bacteria counts in processed samples by WP were 2.47 and 1.61 logcfu/g, in processed samples by SA were 2.84 and 1.28 logcfu/g, in processed samples by WPSA were 2.51 and 1.44 logcfu/g, and in control samples 4.11 and 2.93 logcfu/g from 1 day until six months after processing, respectively. The mean of moisture, peroxide value, TVN, pH, free fatty acids, thiobarbitouric acid , protein, fat, ash and calorie in the covered samples by WP were 73.91%, 0.13 meq/kgoil, 9.84mg/100g, 6.15, 1.15gr/100, 0/006 mg/kg, 19.00%, 4.25%, 2.1% and 120.73 kcal/kg, in the covered samples by SA were 73.91%, 0.06 meq/kgoil, 9.84mg/100g, 6.15, 1.15gr/100, 0/006 mg/kg, 18.85%, 4.72 %, 1.90 % and 125.98 kcal/kg, in the covered samples by WPSA were 73.91%, 0.06 meq/kgoil, 9.84mg/100g, 6.15, 1.15gr/100, 0/006 mg/kg, 18.50 %, 4. 65 %, 2.25 % and 126.48 kcal/kg and in control samples 59.43%, 3.25 meq/kgoil, 16.22mg/100gr, 6.71, 9.21gr/100, 0/15mg/kg, 18.2%, 4.00%, 1.80% and 107.10 kcal/kg, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in the results of chemical experiments of the covered samples and presence of the meaningful difference at the results of the chemical experiments of the control sample, The covered samples by WP, SA and WPSA up to the end of storage period at cold-room had a favorite quality but the control samples had lost their. No statistically significant differences were observed in the WP samples compared with the WPSA samples (p〉 0.05). Samples covered by SA had better quality compared with other samples which can be due to the presence of the significant difference in total acceptance index among covered samples without considering of economical worth.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to perform the project, 446 samples of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) from 24 different regions in Iran were collected. About 2-3 g of caudal fin samples was collected from each specimen and preserved in absolute ethyl alcohol and then transferred to the genetic laboratory. Genomic DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method and then DNA content and quality was determined using spectrophotometry and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA fin samples was carried out using 10 pairs of microsatellite primers. All PCR products were electrophoresed on 6% polyacrylamide gel and stained with silver nitrate. Following the scoring of alleles, all parameters including allelic frequency, effective number of allele, observed and expected heterozygosity, shanon index, measurement of similarity and genetic distance and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Fst , Rst and gene flow were calculated using AMOVA analysis in the GenAlex and Popgene programs. The results showed that 8 pairs of microsatellite primers were polymorphic. In total, 50 alleles were determined with the range size of 64-280 bp. The locus omyf had maximum number of allele (26) and loci OTSG 474 and Strurruta58 had minimum number of allele (5). The observed heterozygosity was between 0.86 and 0.964. Hardy-Weinberg departure was observed for all loci from farms 18, 15, 4, E20 and 21 and were disequilibrium (P〈0.05). The farms 14, 8, 7 and 6 were equilibrium at 3 loci, but showed disequilibrium in other loci. The other farms were equilibrium at 1 or 2 loci and disequilibrium at 8 or 9 loci. The FST results showed that maximum FST (0.24) were between farms 1 and 11in which had minimum of gene flow (3.7). Minimum FST (0.04) were between farms 8 and 9 in which had maximum of gene flow (346). Based on the results of AMOVA analysis, significant differences were detected between all farms (P〈0.01). Furthermore, based on Nei 's standard (1972) maximum genetic distance (0.89) were observed between farms 2 and 11 and maximum genetic similarity (0.15) were detected between farms 3 and 4. This result suggests that the unique genetic variation of rainbow trout in hatchery farms of Iran represents a highly valuable genetic resource and provide useful information for creating a based population in the future breeding programs.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: At the present study, the environmental pollutants such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), heavy metals (during three seasons) and surfactants (during four seasons) were done 2009 to 2010 that located in Mangol Dam with longitude and latitude 52° 22' 49" N and 43° 15' 43" E, respectively. The aims of this study were to determine the seasonal pollutants matters in water samples of under-groundwater and surface water in 12 stations and the results are as follow: The maximum residues fluctuations of OCPs were determined in between all water samples such as aldrin and endrin about 1.51 and 2.85 µg/l, respectively. The mean concentration of aldrin and endrin about 0.66 ± 0.59 and 0.71 ± 1.07 µg/l, respectively were determined. The maximum seasonal concentration of OCPs were detected in fall, winter and spring for such as endosulfan sulfate, γ-BHC, heptachlor, endrin aldehyde compounds about 2.85, 0.34, 0.14 and 0.14µg/l, respectively. The maximum seasonal percentage range of OCPs were detected in fall, winter and spring in water samples such as endosulfan sulfate, DDD and β-BHC were 42, 25 and 25 %, respectively. The maximum seasonal concentrations of Zn and Fe elements were detected in spring about 1.12 and 8.22 µg/l, respectively. Also for Hg in spring was determined about 17.2 mg/l. The mean concentration of Zn, Fe and Hg in water sampled were 0.23 ± 1.01 and 1.21 ± 2.00 µg/l, respectively and 4.65± 6.38 mg/l. The maximum seasonal percentage range of heavy metals were detected in fall, winter and spring in water samples such as Ni, Zn and Fe were 66, 83 and72%, respectively. The maximum seasonal concentrations of heavy metal were detected in Sorkhroud and Polechelave stations during fall, winter and spring for only Fe about 1.48, 3.3 and 8.22 µg/l, respectively. The maximum concentration of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) in last month of summer was 971µg/l. The mean concentration of surfactant during fall, winter , spring and summer was 418.62 ± 52.16 µg/l. The maximum seasonal percentage range of surfactant uring fall, winter, spring and summer in all stations of sampling were 76, 76, 100 and 100 %, respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The population genetic structure of five Caspian Sea sturgeon species was investigated. Totally 1121 samples of caudal and unault's fin tissue of the sturgeons (Acipenser persicus, A. gueldenstaedtii, A. stellatus, A. nudiventris and Huso huso) were collected from the Volga River (Russia), Ural River (Kazakhstan), Kura River (Azerbaijan), Sepidrud River and the coastline of the south Caspian in the Iranian waters as well as from the sampling stations selected for the marine survey for sturgeon stock assessment in the Caspian Sea. All samples were stored in 96% ethyl alcohol and transferred to the genetic laboratory of the International Sturgeon Research Institute. Genomic DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform method. The quality and quantity of DNA was assessed by Agarose gel (1%) electrophoresis and spectrophotometry. The population genetic structure of Ship and Persian sturgeon was studied using both PCR-RFLP (D-loop and ND5/6 gene) and microsatellite technique and that of H. huso, A. stellatus and A. persicus were studied using microsatellite technique. After amplification of genes using PCR, the RFLP technique was used to digest mtDNA using restriction enzyme. The PCR products were electrophoresed on 6% sequencing polyacrylamide gels followed by silver nitrate staining. Data for PCR-RFLP were analyzed using REAP program and those from microsatellite technique were analyzed using Gene Alex. Population genetic parameters including allele frequency, expected and observed heterozygosity, effective allele, Shannon's index were determined. Genetic identity and distance were calculated following Nei criteria and Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was tested based on X2 and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using Reap and Gen Alex at 99% confidence limit. Phylogenetic relationship was determined and drawn using TFPGA program. The population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the 1121 sturgeon specimens were determined. Three independent populations were identified for Acipenser persicus (two populations in the south Caspian in the Iranian waters and one in the north Caspian). Three independent populations were identified for A. gueldenstaedtii (Volga, Ural and South Caspian populations) using the microsatellite technique. Population genetic structure using PCR-RFLP revealed no genetic differentiation among the A. gueldenstaedtii specimens studied from the different regions using ND5/6 gene, while two populations (Ural and south Caspian populations) were detected for this species with the same technique using D-loop genes. Four independent populations (Volga, Ural, Kura and Sepidrud populations) were reported for A. stellatus using the microsatellite technique and four more populations which most probably belong to the autumn and spring races of the above mentioned independent populations were identified for this species. The present study also identified two populations for H. huso; The North Caspian population (in Volga and Ural Rivers) and The South Caspian population (in Golestan and Guilan regions) which were significantly different from each other (P〈0.01). The genetic population structure of A. nudiventris was studied using the microsatellite and PCR-RFLP techniques which revealed two populations for this species one in the Ural River and the other in the Sepidrud River (South Caspian). Comparison of the ND5/6 and D-loop genes studies in Russian sturgeon revealed that the D-loop gene is better than the ND5/6 genes in population's differentiation and is therefore strongly recommended for population genetic studies on sturgeons in the Caspian Sea. Genetic diversity studied using microsatellite technique was higher and more accurate as compared to that using RFLP. Nevertheless the RFLP technique was able to introduce molecular markers for the population’s species pacific identification. On developing suitable primers these studies can be speeded up and the cost of such studies can be cut down. However the drawback in using microsatellite technique for population genetic studies is that it cannot introduce a molecular marker for the identification of populations. The present study was able to introduce molecular markers to differentiate the ship sturgeon population in the south Caspian from that in the Ural River using the PCR-RFLP technique Based on the results obtained it is strongly recommended that all activities related to restocking and rehabilitation of sturgeon stocks in Iran be conducted on the basis of genetic principles. Also serious and immediate measures should be taken for the restoration and conservation of rare population of native species of Iran particularly in the Sepidrud region using genetic markers before they are become extinct.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to study the Inheritance of Microsatellite Markers in the hybrid of Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa in the Southern part of the Caspian Sea, hybridization between the species was carried out during spring (2009) in Shahid Ansari reproduction and culture workstation. 30 samples from the produced larva and also small piece of dorsal and pectoral fin of their parents were collected and stored in pure ethanol (96%) and transferred to the biotechnology of the Caspian Ecology Academy. DNA was extracted from fin samples of the parents, whilst the whole F1 progeny was used to isolate the DNA by Phenol-chloroform method. Quantity and quality of extracted DNA was determined using 1% Agarose electrophorus. DNA was used for PCR ampilification of 10 microsatellite loci. The amplifications were run on 6% Polyacrylamid electrophorus. The present study showed that 7 out of 10 markers were polymorphic and variated between the parents. Goodness of fit to the Mendelian inheritance ratio was determined by X2 analysis. 4 primers were segregrated according to Mendelian expectations at a significance level of P 0.05. Based on UPGMA dendrogram (Nei, 1978) two different clusters were obtained in which Chalcalburnus chalcoides and hybrid were in the same cluster but Vimba vimba persa was in the other. It seems that Vimba vimba persa is a joint ancestor for these two. High heterozygosity presence in parents and their F1 shows the high potential of genetic variety in Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa which from the aquaculture management and conservation view is important and considering the high genetic variety in their hybrid, the hybrid has the sufficient potential for race improvement.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: During last 65 years the catch of mullets had increasing trends with some fluctuations in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea .In this period about 138 thousand tons of mullets have been caught. Mullet’s account for 35% of total catch annually .In recent years species composition of mullets has chanched in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea and catch composition of golden grey mullet increased from 76% in 1995 to 98% in 2006. In this survey some biological characteristics of golden grey mullet have been studied in Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea .Fish samples have been gathered from commercial catch of beach seine cooperatives monthly in Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea over 2006 and 2007. In the laboratory fishes have been measured biometrically and biological parameters have been calculated .Also catch statistics of mullets during 2006-2007 have been obtained and discussed. Results showed that the catch of mullets in beach seine cooperatives during 2006 and 2007 was 4181 and 3685 tons respectively that golden grey mullet contribute 99% and 98% of the catch composition of mullets respectively. Length range of golden grey mullet caught by beach seine cooperatives was 19-50.2 cm with mean length of 32.7 ± 6.4 (± SD) and weight range was 67-1475 gr with mean weight of 411 ± 255 gr. The age structure of this species was comprised 2-10 years old fish with mean age of 4.42 years old. In this survey totally the sex ratio of male:female of golden grey mullet was 356: 434 that was significant variation from equal sex ratio. Pick of the spawning in Guilan province was in October and in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces was in November. In October the proportion of spawning females declined from western area (Guilan province) towards eastern parts (Golestan province).The highest proportion of spawning females was in December in Golestan province. The highest GSI index value was observed in September and October and it was decreased in November and December and it was consistent during January till April. The mean absolute fecundity was 700881 ± 429987 eggs with minimum and maximum fecundity of 200112 and 2282862 eggs respectively. The Lm 50% for female golden grey mullet was calculated as 33.6 cm.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This survey was designed in the Helleh region, to understand effects of aquaculture industry on coastal waters of Busher, in 2000. Sediment and water samples were collected from effluent canal, influent canal and sea during the 7 month period (harvest and post harvest season). The variations of selected water quality parameters were controlled monthly. Results show that, in effluent canal, estimated parameters of water was higher than other stations every month, and tend to decreased after being discharged into the sea and got closed to normal level. Comparison of above data with permit able range of municipal and aquaculture waste and comparison of present data with data of normal condition of region, show that, aquaculture industry of Helleh region has not had any obvious negative effect on the coastal waters of Bushehr, in the culture year of 2000.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Every year more amount caviar is converted into pressed caviar due passing of complative processes from 4 stage to 5 stage, and according to carried out of countits amount was over up L5 ton in sturgeon fish hatchery (Asetra and Sevroga caviar). The purpose of this project was the preventing of caviar converting into pressed caviar and for this order established doing operations of this project in two main primmary stages. In primmary stage, this caviar divided to injected and uninfected caviar, that in this way the processing of both kinds caviar did by 11 formulas. And all processed samples store in chill room in -3 degree centigrade cold and carried out the quality experiments (microbial, chemical, and organoleptical experimcnts) of samples in 6 month and then results evaluation 4 choosed for Asetra caviar and 3 form Was for sevroga caviar and started the main stage of operation in 2 seasons. For processing Asetra caviar used from below formula: 1 - water and salt 5 and 20 percent. 2 water and salt 5 percent and dry dure salt (60 gr). 3 - Water and salt 5 percent and dry mixture salt (56 gr). 4 - Processing of caviar by pure dry salt (60 gr) and mixture sait (56 gr) and forsevroga caviar used from formulas: 1 - water and salt 5 percent and pure dry salt (44 gr)e 2 - water and salt. and mixture dry salt (46 3 -The processing of caviar by pure dry salt (47 gr) and mixture (46 gr). In results of qua}ity evahlation of samples in main stage for 6 months showed that the best formula in case Asetra caviar (injected and uninjected) was and 1 formula respectively and the comparing investigation between Asetra caviar (injected and uninjected) showed that the best processed samples were in I formula and also the best formula in case sevroga caviar (injected and uninjected) was 1 formula. The comparing investigation between sevroga caviar showed that the sample was 1 formula.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this investigation, were examined the effect of partial harvesting on optimal management of shrimp culture. In order to achieve to the purpose 6Pool0.4/hectare was selected. Three pool with density Twenty-five per sq. m as a witness and another three pond by density fifty per sq. m as the test sample were storage. Based on the results of biometry and biomass estimates of pool was calculated and provided amounts daily meals for shrimps. The first harvest took place after a period of120 days from the test pools .Average of harvest from pools B4, B6andB7 ,was determined respectively, 1373,1365 and1105kg.Second harvest from treatment poolsB4, B6andB7were determined, respectively, 1663,1748 and1783kg. Final harvests from the pools were after 150 day. Harvest average from control pools B1, B2 and B3 was calculated and estimated respectively, 1824, 2000 and 1685 kg. The Average of FCR was calculated 1.51 in control samples. In general, the average of feed conversion rate of the treatment samples were calculated 1.51.We did not see the difference between FCR of control and test samples. According to the project's achievements, we can say, partial harvesting has an important role to increased productivity of shrimp farms in Hellh site from BushehrProvince.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Sediments samples were collected using Veen Grab Sampler (0.1 square meter) at 8 transects namely Astara, Anzali, Sefidroud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad, Torkman in the southern of Caspian Sea. Five stations were selected at 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 meter depths in each transect. Sediments were sampled triplicate at each station. Samples also were collected during four seasons (spring (May), summer (July), fall (November) and winter (January)) in 2009. Results of this study showed that species composition of Macrobenthos consisted of 32 species which belonged to 7 families of Polychaeta, Crustacea and Bivalvia at studied area. In addition, Oligochaeta identified in “Class”, Chironomidae considered in Insecta categories “Family” and Streblospio spp. (Polychaeta) was recognized in “Genus”. Gammaridae and Pseudocumidae of Crustacea with 12 and 10 species had the highest species diversity compared to other groups, respectively. Polychaeta was consisted 75.5 percent of total abundance of macrobenthos which the major abundance (equal 62.4% of total abundance) were belong to Streblospio spp. from Spionidae family, while its biomass was equals 5.11% of total macrobenthos. In contrast, Cerastoderma lamarcki species from Bivalvia Class with only 1.7% of total abundance of macrobenthos allocated 69 percent of total biomass. In the southern of Caspian Sea, average total abundance was significantly less at 4 western transects (Astara, Anzali, Sefidroud, Tonekabon) compared to 4 eastern transects (Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad, Torkman) (p〈0.05). The highest average abundance of macrobenthos (10655±1246SE ind/m2) was observed at transect of Torkman, and lowest value (4032 ± 686SE ind/m2) was recorded at transect of Sefidroud (p〈 0.05). Generally, minimum species diversity were obtained at 20 m depth in all transects and the maximum value was observed at 5 m depth in most of transects (p〈0.05). In contrary, maximum average abundance of Macrobenthoses was at 20 m depth in transects of Anzali, Sefidroud, Tonekabon, Nowshahr and Amirabad compared to other depths. Macrobenthoses abundance average in 5 m depth (except Astara and Torkman) was less than other depths in 6 transect (p 〈 0.05). Total average abundance and biomass of macrobenthos was 5976±583SE ind/m2 and 43.675 ± 11.402SE gr/ m2, respectively. Maximum and minimum of abundance of macrobenthos were observed in summer (7714±778 ind/m2) and winter (4071 ± 340 ind/m2), respectively. Maximum and minimum of biomass of macrobenthos were obtained in fall (50.271±13.258SE gr/ m2) and in summer (35.123 ± 8.903SE gr/ m2), respectively (p〈 0.05). Percent of total organic matter (TOM) were low in 5 and 10 m depths and increased toward offshore depths. TOM percent was 2.06±0.11SE at 10 m depth and increased to 4.62 ±0.17SE in 100 m depth. Percent of silt and clay (grains size less than 63 micron) had positive significantly correlation with percent of TOM (p〈0.01).While they had negative significantly correlation with percent of sand (grains size between 63 and 1000 micron) (p〈0.01). Percent of silt and clay like organic matter, had ascending trend toward to depth increased and varied from 44.4 ± 4.06SE percent in 5 m depth to 96.5 ± 0.59SE percent in 100 m depth. In contrast, percent of sand decreased toward depth and varied from 54.5 ± 4.13SE percent in 5 m depth to 2.8 ± 0.53SE percent in 100 m depth. Result of current study showed that total abundance of macrobenthoses had positive significantly correlation with TOM percent (p〈0.01) and silt/clay percent (p〈0.05). Abundance of Oligochaeta had positive significantly correlation (p〈 0.01) with TOM and silt/clay percent. Two groups of Polychaeta, Gammaridae and Cerastoderma lamarcki had negative significantly correlation with TOM and silt/clay percent (p〈 0.01), and every four aforementioned groups had positive significantly correlation with sand percent (p〈 0.01). Overall, different correlation between abundance of various macrobenthos groups and TOM percent and type of grain size of sediment could be related to fluctuation of abundance of various macrobenthos groups at difference transects and depths. On the other hand, in study area were occurred simultaneously some phenomena such as increased abundance of Oligochaeta and Polychaeta, dominance of Streblospio Genuse (Polychaeta group), and decreases abundance of Bivalvia and appearance of Menemiopsis leidyi which need to study more and monitoring of this area.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: To study the preparation of frozen minced meat from abramis brama orientalis commonly known as sim from Arras lake and from silver carp cultured in the Azerbaijan province, and later this minced meat converted to fish ball and fish burger, in this process microbial, chemical and organoleptic tests was done on samples for frozen minced meat on Sims fish the TVN was 10.1 in zero phase and 14.1 after three month and peroxide value from 0.9 t0 3.1 at the same duration. But he value was higher when converted to fish ball, TVN ranged from 14 to17.6 and per oxide from 1.1 to 4.7 after three month, the unit for TVN was mg/100gram and peroxide unit meq/1000 gram, the microbial tests was also resulted in an acceptable range, the meat of Sims fish had no significant difference with the silver carp comparatively only the color and the smell of the fish was little different, so we could conclude that we can use Sim fish meat for frozen minced meat product and this can increase the consumption of fish in the region in the future.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: One of the most important bacterial fish diseases which has caused some outbreaks in rainbow trout farms in Iran is streptococcusis .The farmers were suffering from huge economic losses due to the disease outbreaks in different rainbow trout farms in Iran. The aim of our study was to determine rate of streptococcusis incidence in different stage of growth in farmed rainbow trout in Haraze River, Mazandaran province. Fish and water samples were randomly collected and measured of randomly in10 selected farms, monthly throughout a year. After clinical observations, Isolation and recognition of strep strains were made using biochemical tests. Some Environmental factors include Nitrate, Nitrite, Temperature, pH, Ammonia and DO measured during sampling periods. According to our results 4.6% of juvenile samples showed clinical singe of streptococcusis while only0.7% of them had strep. Contamination .These rates in adult samples were 8.9 and 1 percent respectively. Major isolated bacterial strain was Streptococcus uberis . Incidence of streptococcusis in rainbow trout 20% affected by fluctuation of Nitrite, temperature and DO. Management of these factors can decrease rate of disease outbreaks.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This survey was carried out by R/V Gilan with a conical plankton net of 100 micron mesh by vertical hauls at 8 transect in the southern Caspian sea. Transects were located at Astara, Anzali, Sefid roud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Torkman in depths of 5, 10,20,50and 100m. Samples were taken in 4 seasons ( in each season 64 samples) in 2009. In this study 23 species formed the zooplankton community including 4 species of Copepoda, 8 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa and 8 species of Cladocera. The meroplankton blonged to 2 species of Balanus sp and Lamellibranchiata larvae. The annual results revealed that the maximum abundance of Copepoda were 3612±4839 ind/m3 and 35/75 ±42/81 mg/ m3 in summer and decreased gradually since autumn and reached to minimum value in winter. The maximum abundance of Cladocera was 300± 383 ind/m3 in spring and reached to less than 4 ind/m3 in summer and autumn. The Rotatoria had high population (3775± 8632 ind/m3) in winter which consisted the zooplankton population with Copepoda. The Protozoa had no efficient role in zooplankton population of Caspian sea during the year. The zooplankton population was affected by Meroplankton and Lamellibranchiata larvae in spring and winter. The Copepoda contributed in zooplankton population only in summer and autumn. The maximum zooplankton abundance and biomass were in 5m depth which included 10209±8352 ind/m3 and 43/56±26/08mg/ m3 in spring, 8545±7127 ind/m3 and 73/59±56/65mg/ m3 in summer(10 m depth), 8427±6711 ind/m3 and 43/15± 29/59 mg/ m3 in autumn and 24426 ±26975 ind/m3 and 334/25±392/21 mg/ m3 in winter which decresed from surface to depth. The maximum abundance and biomass of zooplankton were 5119±6018 ind/m3 in east and 28/59±24/79 mg/ m3 in central area in spring, 6628±7117 ind/m3 in west area and 50/73±59/52 mg/ m3 in central area in summer, 5248 ±5489 ind/m3 and 31/16 ±31/22 mg/ m3 in west area in autumn and 11588±16191 ind/m3 and 131/02±193/61 mg/ m3 in west area in winter. The annual statistical analysis reveals that there is significant difference between Copepoda and Cirripedia population among seasons, sampling stations, depth and sampling layer (Kruskalwallis test, p〈0.05) and the total zooplankton populatin had no significant difference only between seasons (Kruskal-wallis test, p〉0.05). The Cladocera, Lamellibranchiata larvae and the Rotatoria had significant difference between seasons only (Kruskal-wallis test, p〈0.01).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study, first, the influence of three precooking methods (steaming, oven-baking and microwave-cooking) on the contents of mineral elements-copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium-of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was evaluated. Determination results of evaluated elements in raw fish and cooked samples were in range 3.05 to 4.19 for copper, 71.45 to 82.85 for zinc, 32.18 to 40.70 for iron, 425.6 to 529.46 and 315.5 to 534.76 for calcium. Results showed different precooking treatments had no significant effects on the amounts of mineral elements such as copper, zinc, calcium and sodium. The Iron content in the samples subjected to microwave cooking increased. With doing multivariate analysis, on comparing the raw and precooked fillets, steam cooking found to be the best precooking method on retain mineral elements. After choosing the best precooking method, for evaluating the influence of different filling media including sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil and brine, on the quality of canned silver carp, amounts of mineral elements(copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium) and microbial indices(total counts, thermopile count and clostridium) and sensory indices (color, smell, taste and texture) was surveyed. Assessments of microbial indices showed no microbial activity in canned products. After canning amounts of sodium increased in all the treatments. Except for iron, using soybean oil had no significant effect on the contents of other elements. The highest levels of iron and copper were observed in olive oil canned samples sterilized at 130°C. Sensory evaluating showed, kind of filling media had no significant effects on sensory indices such as taste, smell and color of canned samples. The texture of soybean oil canned samples and the quality defects of olive oil and brine canned samples had better condition than other treatments. In the last step, canned silver carp were proceed under three different temperatures (115°C, 120°C and 130°C) with equal lethality value (Fo=7min), then sensory indices and amount of mineral elements were compared. Results showed, the contents of iron, copper, sodium and calcium were changed in soybean oil canned sample. The amounts of copper and sodium in sunflower oil canned sample subjected to different heating regimes showed significant variation. The highest amount of copper was observed in the canned samples subjected to 130°C heating regime. Results showed contents of iron and copper of olive oil canned sample subjected to 120°C and 130°C heating regimes were higher than sample subjected to 115°C heating regime, while the zinc and calcium contents had no variation. In brine canned samples the highest amounts of copper and iron was obtained after sterilization in 120°C. Results of sensory evaluation showed different heating regimes had no significant effects on the indices of taste, smell, and color of products. Doing 130°C heating regime in brine canned samples led to obtain the better tenacity of texture. While this heating regime caused to increase the quality defects of soybean oil canned samples as a result of existence of hard parts of bone.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Report of the project entitled "determination of the global population structure of the great sturgeon (Huso huso) with emphasis on the Golestan Province" is in front of your attention. Outcome is the results of study on the samples collected from the total catch in the landing sites namely Bandar-e-Anzali, Babolsar, and Ashooradeh, in the three Northern provinces. 224 specimens were collected according to the sampling manual during the fishing seasons in 2005 and 2006. Three methods were applied in this study to find out the population structure of the great sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea. These were as follows: Morpho-metric meristic Population dynamics Population genetics (microsatellite loci) Results indicate that the range of different age groups of the great sturgeon in the Golestan Province is larger than the other two provinces. Results show that the older age groups are found in the samples from the Golestan Province rather than the other two provinces. Results demonstrate that the sample size for the two methods (morpho-metric meristic and population dynamics) is not enough. In order to obtain precise results with less uncertainty one needs to collect more specimens. Therefore, according to the few number of the great sturgeon in the total sturgeon landing, it is recommended that researchers apply methods other than the two methods which are mentioned above in order to make sure that the results are most reliable. Population genetics methods including microsatellite loci are among the methods which could produce good results with minimum bias in this regard. Results indicate that there are two distinguishable populations of the great sturgeon (Huso huso) in the southern part of the Caspian Sea off the shores of the three Northern provinces. Results also show that these two populations are scattered in the two east end (Golestan Province) and west end (Guilan Province) of the southern Caspian Sea. The two populations have overlapped each other in the Mazandaran Province.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was conducted to determine 16 Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (16PAHs) concentrations in water (during four seasons) and surface sediments (during summer and winter) at eight transects (Astara, Anzali, Sefidroud, Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Turkman) in the southern of Caspian Sea in 20102011. 94 samples of water and 45 samples of surface sediments were collected at 10, 50 and 100 meters depths. In addition, 28 samples of fish (Cyprinus Carpio) were collected during winter and spring. All samples were prepared by Soxhlet and extracting processes and then determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument. Results of current study showed that mean concentration and standard error (±SE) of 16PAHs water were observed 232 (±77), 1268 (±808), 538 (±190) and 151 (±53) µg/l in spring, summer, fall and winter, respectively. In addition, annual mean contents and standard error (±SE) of 16PAHs water were registered 24.10 (±8.12) µg/l. The Hazard Quotation (HQs) were calculated more than unit and belong to Benzo(a)pyrene and Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene compounds. Mean concentration and standard error (±SE) of 16PAHs sediment were observed 0.77 (±0.23) and 1.21 (±0.64) µg/g.dw in summer and winter, respectively. Also, the annual mean contents and standard error (±SE) of surface sediments were observed 0.93 (±0.33) µg/g.dw. The Hazard Quotation (HQs) were calculated more than unit and belong to Fluoranthene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Chryseneand Benzo(a)pyrene. The annual mean contents and standard error (±SE) of edible tissue of Cyprinus Carpio mussels were observed 2.21 (±0.42) µg/g.dw. Annually, pattern of 16PAH compounds were obtained 10, 70, 12 and 8% for 3,4,5, and 6 rings, respectively. Four ring compounds had high content and percentage and 2 ring was not observed in all samples of water. Also, pattern of 16PAH in surface sediments were obtained 31, 56 and 14% for 3, 4, and 5 rings, respectively. Four ring compounds had high content and percentage and 2 and 6 rings were not observed in all samples of surface sediments during two seasons. Result of Diagnostic Ratios analysis (DRs) of sediments showed that the source of oil compounds were petrogenic and pyrogenic in summer and winter, respectively. Based on DRs in water and sediments were observed oil compounds were either petrogenic or pyrogenic with different percentage in the southern Caspian Sea. In conclusion, the results revealed that in the some transects the 16PAHs concentrations of water were above the threshold levels and more petrogenic (85%) sources which represented polluted condition in this area. 16PAHs concentrations of sediments were below the threshold levels and conditions for this region were showed unpolluted. Also, the Caspian Sea sediments were classified in Class 2 (Fair). According to results of the evaluation’s risks to human health associated with consumption of the mussels containing 16PAHs suggest that there is risk for humans.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This project is trying to investigate water contamination after use in ponds. For this aquaculture status, physical and chemical water properties, microbial pollutants and heavy metals levels in the some of trout ponds effluent in East Azerbaijan province were evaluated in 2007 to 2009. The information of groundwater and climate conditions in ten years, Drilling and wells piezometric Information, in local wells are reviewed.According to data obtained from analysis of water samples in the output pools range studied concentrations(term mg/l) some parameters are as follows:(BOD: 1.9-3.2),(COD: 3.4-34.1),(TSS: 26.6-42.7),(N-NO2:0.003-.136),(P-Po4:0.0170.067),(pH:7.75-8.28).Electrical conductivity(500 ±2 to 1129±144 term µm/cm) in the effluent ponds . Based on the results of we can say that between input and effluent ponds in the review of all factors as chlorine, sulfate, sodium, potassium, total nitrogen, soluble phosphorus, total phosphorus, calcium, total hardness, magnesium, alkalinity and silica significant changes not be observed. Review of water analysis data to some factors(such as:water temperature,EC,pH,NO2,CO2,HCO3,CO3,DO,COD,BOD) And compare this data with the authorities standard confirmed that the All factors mentioned in effluent is allowed now. In terms of microbial contamination and heavy metals ( Zn,Cu,Ca,Pb,Fe,Cr ) is no pollution. Appropriate strategies for removing suspended materials must to use.We can use Watershed Management solutions to inject output water to the underground table. Should be noted status change (eg change in flow rate, an unusual increase in temperature, fish density increasing, reducing food quality, lack of appropriate management actions and ...) may reduce the effluent quality and the ability of injection water underground to lose . In this case, measures must be for wastewater treatment and improve the quality ponder.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Caspian Sea trout (Salmo trutta caspius) is distributed in southern basin of the sea and the natural stocks of this fish is critically endangered. The present study was conducted through the breeding seasons of Caspian Sea trout in January 2012. Estimation of sperm male potential was carried on samples collected from a total of 12 male spawners which included 8 samples (caught 3 years ago) and 4 samples (freshly caught). Semen samples were collected after anesthetized with clove powder for 10 minutes at water temperature of 9-9.4 °C. The differences of mean semen volumes, sperm motility time, sperm density and the percentage of sperm motility from freshly caught spawners ( 5.5 ± 3.4 ml , 35.5 ± 8.7 sec , 4.3 ± 0.7 ×109 ml-1 , 32.5 ± 8.5% respectively) were significantly higher than 3 years caught spawners (1.5 ± 0.93 ml, 26.5 ± 12.8 sec , 1.98 ± 1.6 ×109 ml-1 , 25.7 ± 9.7 % respectively) (P 〈 0.05). Also the results showed that there are not significant differences in mean percentage of motility and motility duration between freshly caught sperm from fresh broods and that’s from previously caught (among fresh sperm samples, one, three and eight months of cryopreservation) (P 〉 0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The distribution and stock assessment of edible bivalves were carried out in Bushehr shoreline areas (from 50֯ 38 - 29֯ 27 to 52֯ 41 - 27֯ 17 ) throughout the period of September 2008 - 2009. The objectives of this study were identifying the location of edible bivalves, biomass estimation, to estimate the growth parameters and natural mortality. Samples were obtained at roughly monthly or bimonthly from 7 areas and some of the at low tide during the year from 4 areas. Transects were selected at random direction and at the zigzag pattern in every area, so that is cover all of the shell beds. In each transects one or two sampling quadrat (0.25 m2) were placed randomly. Depending on the area size the number of the quadrat were different. After the removal of the stones and debries, the edible bivalves (empty and live bivalves) and some of the decoration shells were identified and numbered. Some of the samples were transferred to a bag and taken back to the lab for further identification and further analysis. In this study, the percentage of samples was used to show the distribution of the species in different areas. Faunal affinity between stations was calculated by Sorensen formula. For the purpose of the stock abundance, the mean number of the shells in each quadrat was regarded as an estimate of stock mean. The total stock in the investigated areas was obtained by multiplying the mean by the ratio of the stock area to the quadrat area (0.25 m2). Confident limits 0.95 % or 95 probility was given for precise the estimates. The length of some of the bivalves was measured from dextral to sinistral with vernier calipers to the nearest 0.1 millimeter. In some of the species the length frequency was used to estimate growth and natural mortality parameters. A subset of samples of Solen brevis was taken to the laboratory for the precise measurements, and relationship between body weights and total length. Surface sediment samples (5-20 cm) inhabited by some clam species were sampled in some areas. Water temperature and salinity were recorded during the survey in the sampled areas. A total of 45 species or species group was identified in the study area. The main area distributions for live edible bivalve, Solen brevis were located at Bupatil, Kaloo, Piazi and Bordekhoon. Other bivalve, Paphia cor was distributed in the Gassir, but empty bivalve shell was seen in the Bordekhoon shoreline. A limited tidal coastal area of Ganaveh has been covered by a pearl oyster species, Pinctada radiate that attached in the rocky beds. The empty shells of this species and other genus of the family were distributed in the other areas such as Golestan and Nayband. The most important areas for the decoration shells were located in the Golestan and Nayband. The empty bivalve shells, Trachycardium lacunosum were distributed in Lavar shoreline. The other species or species group were distributed in the shoreline of the study areas in different months with the low abundance. The growth parameters of two alive species, Paphia cor and Solen brevis were estimated. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters for Paphia cor were estimated as K = 0.8 Year-1, L∞= 55 mm and t0 = -0.45 and for Solen brevis K = 0.7 Year-1, L = 120 mm and t0 = -0.35. . Estimated natural mortality rate for Paphia cor was M = 0.57 and for Solen brevis M = 0.26. The maximum ages (Tmax) calculated were 50 months for Paphia cor and 54 months for Solen brevis. The mean biomass of Solen brevis in Bupatil was 3.25 1.1 shells per quadrat with a maximum peak 4.6 shells per quadrat in October (Mehr) and minimum 1.5 shells per quadrat in Augest (Mordad). For the pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata in the Ganaveh this estimation was obtained in maximum peak in July (Tir) 60.5 shells per 100 m2 and minimum in March (Esfand) 3 per 100 m2. Mean biomass for this species was estimated 27.724.2 shells per 100 m2. The mean biomass of P. cor was 8.8 2.2 shells per quadrat and with a maximum in February (Bahman) and minimum in November (Abban).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out on rivers, basins & qanat of Qom region during the 1376-1378and Fish samples were taken from 2 permanent rivers (Qomrood ,Ghara_chag)& from some seasonal ones (Tagharood, Zavarian, Vesva, Biraghan). Also local fishes was followed in 100 qanats in the region and Random fish sampling was done in permanent river extension out of province. This study aimed to recognize different fish species in the province water reservoir and estimating the fisheries potential in the province. For fish sampling nets such as mashk, salik, hook and hand tailored were used. Electroshoker was not used at all. Results of fish recognition showed that fish samples belong to 12 species & 4 family of "cyprinidae", "Balitoridae", "cyprinodontidae" and "poecilidae".The qanat fishes of the montain (kahak, Khagestan) and pastora area (Ghanavat,jafarabad) included by two families of "cyprinid", "Balitoridea".In some qanat which were connected to rivers more species of fish and anotherAquatic animal were observed & sampled.At the and map of geographical distribution of local fishes was planned.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: 0Genetic polymorphism by means of biochemical genetic markers using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system in four barbus fish species has been investigated. Species scientific name were Barbus sharpeyi ; Gunther, 1847 , Barbus grypus ; Heckel, 1843, Barbus xanthopterus ; Heckel, 1843 and Barbus esocinus ; Heckel, 1843.Sampling site and location were mainly in the rivers located in Khoozestan province such as Karoon and Karkheh rivers and the Dez dam. Different organs such as blood, muscle, kidney, eye and heart were sampled and analysed for the presence of tf, es, sod and pgm alleles. High polymorphism and presence of different alleles scored, but populations were not in the H-W equilibrium. Considring results, using current and avaiable genetic markers such as microsattelits is recommended for future works.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study spawning season, brood stocks live place and biological behaviour of Eleutheronema tetradactylum (rashgoo) was identified in the coastal waters of Bushehr province, Persian Gulf from July. 2005 to Sep. 2006. During this time fish samples were collected by the gillnet or set net. With the mesh size of 9 and 25 Cm. A total of 93 fishes were examined in the fishery Research Centre laboratory, Standard length, total weight, gonad and hepatic weight were measured and histological studies on gonads were conducted in this period. Gonadosomatic index was calculated in the different seasons we showed significant differences between research seasons (P〈0.05) the Maximum GSI was in winter and spring with (1-1/2 %) and minimum was in summer and autumn (/15-/22 %). In histological study of ovary had observed five stages in sections: IMMATURE, INITIAL MATURATION, ADVANCED MATURATION, MATURED and SPAWNED. And testicular tissues were showed three stages of the sperm development: Spermatogonia, Spermatocytes and Spermatides or sperm. This study had showed that Higher quantities of brood stock were caught in DAYER region of Bushehr province. The stomach contents observed that small fishes, shrimp and crab were feed by the caught fishes, it means that Eleutheronema tetradactylum (rashgoo).is a carnivorous fish. The results were obtained from this research showed that reproductive season in Four finger thread fine (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) (rashgoo) in the coastal waters of Bushehr was in the could seasons.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Catch/effort statistics of Khouzestan Province collected from Shilat Statistical System in 1379 have been analyzed. Trends in Khouzestan fisheries from 1372 until 1379 have been also investigated, Length frequency samples collected by catch observers in two main landing centers have also been analyzed. For this purpose, some of the most important commercial fish species were selected for length measurements, the highest no.. of fishing units were operating in Abadan area. Total no. of fishing uints in Khouzestan Province have been increased about 9.3% comparing to the previous year. Total NO. of fishing days were about 174486 days, from which 532% was excreted by speed boats and 46.8% by Lenj. Total landed catch was estimated to be about 24061895 kg which was 0.2% less than the previous year. The highest landed catches belonged to Mid, Otolithes ruber and Tenualosa ilisha respectively, estimated biologic parameters fir the selected species show that in most of the cases their exploitation levels are too high.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Tish survey prolonged from summer 2011 trough summer 2012. During this period 574 samples of different fish species were investigated for their parasites. Totally 30 species of parasites isolated of the fishes. Some of the isolated parasites are recorded for the first time in Iran. Rafidascaris acus Orientocreadium siluri, Silurotaenia siluri, Acanthocephalus lucii , Argulus foliaceus has recorded for the first time from European catfish, Silurus glanis, and Dactylogyrus inexpectatus has recorded for the first time from Gibel Carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, in Anzali wetland. Statistical comparison of parasites infections and intensity between the different area of Anzali wetland were done. Infection of Pike, Esox lucius, to Diplostomum spathaceum, Raphidascaris acus and Monogenean in western parts of wetland were significantly different from the Eastern and Central areas (p〈0.05). So based on the data have concluded the eastern and central regions of the wetland are more polluted than the western part. Comparing the results of the present study with before ones showed that the composition of parasite species has been changed over time, while the prevalence, intensity and abundance of parasites have been increased. It may be due to changing environmental conditions such as increasing discharge of effluent, eutrophication of the wetland. This results accents to necessity of reconstruction of Anzali wetland with preference of eastern and central regions.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study population genetic structure of Mnemiopsis leidyi were examined by 200 samples from the Caspian Sea. Samples were collected from Guilan province (Astara region), Mazandaran province (Amir Abad region), Golestan province (Gomishan region) and north part of the Caspian Sea. 50 samples were colected from each region. DNA was extracted by phenol - chlorophorm method and its concentration was 50 to 100 nanogram . PCR was performed using 18s rRNA gene. The PCR products of samples were digested by 12 restriction endonuclease enzymes. The digested products accompanied with standard marker (50 bp lader ). In order to measure fragment size samples were run on a 6% vertical polyacrylamide gel. The fragments were visualized by silver staining of the polyacrylamide gel. In this study, Dra I and Alu I enzymes showed different digestion pattern, as each of these enzymes had two genotypes. Other enzymes had similar digestion pattern. RAPD method used by 19 random primers. Ten of nineteen primers showed polymorphism patterns. Statistical analysis of data was performed by Popgene software. In this study, the maximum of genetic variation was in north of the Caspian Sea. Also, the maximum of genetic distance was between north area and Golestan coasts (0.089) and the minimum of genetic distance was between Mazandaran and Guilan coasts (0.001). The UOGMA dendogram showed two clusters. The samples of Mazandaran , Guilan and Golestan coasts placed in one cluster and samples of north area in other cluster The genetic diversity was significantly different between samples of north area and Golestan coasts (p≤0.05). As result, there is a significant genetic divergence between some of samples. Therefore, two genetic group of Mnemiopsis leidyi were identified in the Caspian Sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This Research has been done monthly in Sefidroud river and its tributaries from Agust 2003 to July 2004 . From the total number of 2027 specimens of caught fish , 800 and 629 were males and females respectively , and 598 specimens were undistinguished. Samples were caught by cast nets. Fork length range of all specimen was 33-255 mm (119.56 ±46) and their weight rang was 0.42-257.5 gr (34.4 ±39.06) gr and their age range was 0-5 (1.76 ±0.959) year. The avrege of relative frequency in C.c.gracilis was 65.1 % . The average of condition factor was 1.07±0.13 . Between Fork length and weight of C.c.gracilis . Was exponential relation and coefficient of correlation was estimated 99.11% . Growth cofficient (k) was 0.114 ; L∞ was estimated 373.5 mm. C.c.g consumed of Chrysophyta phylum more than other Phytoplankton phyla in Sefidroud river and from Bentic point of view, consumed of clay, Filamentous algae detritus, insects, seeds. Absolute fecundity range was 1823-9274 (4553.8 ±2169.1) eggs. Considering the GSI and frequency percent of maturity stages, spawning period of the fish begins from April and peak of spawning is in June and terminates in July.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In conformity with the sex determination of Gracilaria corticata in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, a total of 41 samples were collected from two stations of Bostaneh region (northern Persian Gulf, 54° 38´ E / 26° 30´ N) and Lipar regions (northern Oman Sea, 60° 49´ E / 25° 15´ N). The specimens were cultured in PES media for observing the different life stages. The anatomical structures of thallus were taken into consideration. The diploid tetrasporophytes and spermatangia in thallus of male’s gametophytes; and Carpospore and cystocarps of female were determined. Due to DNA extraction, the parasites and epiphytes were cleaned and then the under growing sections were sectioned using liquid nitrogen. After extraction of DNA, by using 20 different primers according to ISSR molecular indicator, the sex diversity and genetic diversity of populations were studied; and four primers were selected ultimately . The obtained results were analyzed by GenAlex and PopGen softwares. In total, 74 bands, all polymorphisms, were propagated. According to PIC index, polymorphism separation of primer C (0.33) was higher than other primers. The Marker Index was measured between 4.48 and 6.51 with mean Shannon’s index of 0.46. The genetic similarity amongst algae was 96%. The genetic diversity inter and intra populations had significant differences of which 83% of total diversity was related to the intra diversity and 17% was related to inter diversity populations. The highest genetic distance belonged to the specimens 5 (Bostaneh) and 35 (Lipar), and it indicated the inter populations diversity in addition to intra population. As an overall conclusion, these populations can be considered as broodstocks for hybrid production for further species breeding and also to attain the maximum heterosis in adaptation with environment. In Ward clustering analysis, the dendrograms showed 5 different clusters in genetic distance of 12.18 of isomorphic phases. The PCA analysis as a complementally method was used for attest the findings. In this research, the ISSR primers could determine the male and female gametophytes and diploid tetrasporophytes in which the primer A (bands of 1200 & 1700 bp) specific for diploid tetrasporophyte and band of 300 bp specific for male were produced. The primer C showed the bands of 820 & 900 bp for diploid tetrasporophyte, and 500 bp for female gametophyte. The primer AB (990 bp) for male, 520 bp for female and 1600 & 1900 bp for diploid tetrasporophyte were specified. The primer ABC showed the specific band of 1100 bp for male; 500 bp for female; and 1200 & 1500 bp for diploid tetrasporophytes.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Sturgeon stocks are drastically decreasing in Caspian Sea during recent decades. This project has been proposed to collect the excess sperm of Caspian Sea Southern part sturgeon breeders, to cryopreserve and hold them for further use. During two spawning seasons (2006-2007), sperm quality and quantity analysis were conducted on 34 different male sturgeons of which 12 Persian sturgeon, 4 stellate sturgeon, 1 beluga and 1 ship sturgeon with better quality were chosen to cryopreserve. After dilution of fresh sperm with sturgeon sperm diluent (115 mM Tris, 23.4 mM sucrose and 15% DMSO) at the ratio of 1:1, the 0.5 ml straws were filled using special filling and sealing apparatus and frozen with a multi step freezing rate. To access the further quality and fertilization test, samples were thawed at 40 °C for 20 seconds. During the project performance, 1010 ml of Persian sturgeon sperm , 110 ml of ship sturgeon sperm , 90 ml of stellate and 80 ml of beluga sperm were cryopreserved. The reduction of frozen-thawed sperm motility in comparison with fresh samples showed 10-52.3 % decrease, but there was not any significant differences between samples after 7 months preservation in liquid Nitrogen (P 〈 0.005). River caught Persian sturgeon samples showed higher sperm density in comparison with nonriverine breeders (P 〈 0.05). Data showed that stellate sturgeon sperm showed better resistance to freezing condition in comparison with Persian sturgeon spermatozoa. Fertilization tests (4 hours after fertilization)showed 27.4% and 58.2% fertilization rate in frozen-thawed stellate and Persian sturgeon spermatozoa, respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The WSD is the important viral shrimp disease in past decade. The detection of virus in each country was investigated by polymerase chain reaction for sensitivity and accurate. In this research study we collected 23 samples from shrimp suspected to WSD. The DNA from samples collected and extracted and design two kind of primer from VP24 identified in gene bank by DNAsis software. A primer also designs for House keeping gene for positive and negative samples in all examined. The results showed the gene colon for wssv is the similar with others and 97% is consistency. The product of PCR was colon in plasmid and confirmed and this plasmid used for internal control.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In recent years MPAs (Marine Protected Areas) have been known as a flexible tool to improve fishery management as well as to preserve biodiversity in valuable coastal waters habitats. This study was conducted to selecting the sensitive and high potential area that are impacted by several environmental stress and associated habitats are being damaged in Mahshahr creeks in Northwest of Persian Gulf. Study was done in eight creeks from October 2005 to September 2006. Different biotic parameters such as phytoplanktons, zooplankton, macro zooplankton, benthic animals and fishes (trawled species) communities and also physico-chemical parameters and sediments heavy metals were investigated. Different parameters were sampled monthly or seasonal from each creek. Water samples with bottle sampler and sediment were collected by Peterson grab. Several ecological and biological indices based on heavy metals and benthic communities were used. Concentrations of heavy metals were measured by using voltammetric plarography method (Methrom 797). The range and mean concentrations obtained in mg/kg were 35.16-15.03 (27.01) for Cu, 171.41-65.57 (102.672) for Ni, 20.06-4.63 (13.22) for Co, 0.78-0.093 (0.22) for Hg, 379-65.07 (113.7) for Zn, 1.00-0.27 (0.559) for Cd and 29.72-7.09 (14.66) for Pb. To evaluate the levels of sediment contaminations, the background values of the different heavy metals were calculated and contamination factor for each metals and degree of contamination for each creek determined as well. Measured concentrations were compared with International standards. Ultimately the heavy metals contamination factors (Cf) can be arranged as follows: Hg〉 Zn〉 Cu≥ Ni〉 Pb≥ Co 〉 Cd and according to contamination degree (Cd), different creeks can be arranged as follows too: Ghannam〉 Ahmady≥ Zangy〉 Doragh≥ Darvish〉 ghazaleh〉 Patil〉 Bihad Regarding the results some elements such as Hg, Zn and Ni, are at risk level and all of the studied creeks are classified in moderate degree of pollution except Ghannam showing considerable degree of pollution. The benthic invertebrates are a well-established target in evaluations of environmental quality status. The AMBI(AZTI,s Marine Biotic Index) was developed to determine the impacts and the quality status in softbottom marine benthic communities. All creeks are characterized by muddy bottom. Macrobenthic animals, according to their sensitivity to an increasing stress gradient, classified in five ecological groups. In present study due to appearance of dominant species such as Capitella sp and nematodes (as opportunist species), diversity values was reduced. Two way ANOVAs showed only seasonal significant differences in mean abundance (P〈0.05, f=5.712, df:3,21) and Richness index values (p〈0.05, f= 4.975, df=3,21), while all of creeks showed similar biological characters based on benthic communities. According to annual, mean of AMBI (BC) all of creeks classified in ecological group III with slightly pollution, except Darvish that was placed in unpolluted category. In general, according to AMBI and BI values, The most creeks are classified in unpolluted (34%) and slightly pollution (34%) categories except Zangy, Doragh and Patil in summer and also Zangy and Bihad in winter that showed moderate to heavily pollution (32%). The results of chemical quality of sediments, Cf values, Cd values, AMBI Index and water quality and risk Indices have confirmed each other. In general, the Mahshahr creeks are classified in moderate to heavy pollution status. In addition, biological parameters of benthic communities and other biotic parameters have showndescending trend in ecological quality in all of the studied creeks. Communities. According to annual, mean of AMBI (BC) all of creeks classified in ecological group III with slightly pollution, except Darvish that was placed in unpolluted category. In general, according to AMBI and BI values, The most creeks are classified in unpolluted (34%) and slightly pollution (34%) categories except Zangy, Doragh and Patil in summer and also Zangy and Bihad in winter that showed moderate to heavily pollution(32%). The results of chemical quality of sediments, Cf values, Cd values, AMBI Index and water quality and risk Indices have confirmed each other. In general, the Mahshahr creeks are classified in moderate to heavy pollution status. In addition, biological parameters of benthic communities and other biotic parameters have showndescending trend in ecological quality in all of the studied creeks. We used of some criteria for evaluation of biotic potential or sensitivity and also to explain the ecological health level of studied creeks. Positive and negative criteria are classified in three level 1,3 and 5 for low, moderate and high degree of conservation value respectively. According to gained points the creeks Darvish, Doragh and Ghazaleh in high level and creeks Ghannam , Zangy and ahmady in low level of conservation value were classified.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study, influence of modified atmosphere packaging on shelf life of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (whole fish without visceral and without head and tail fish) stored in 4 to 6ºc was examined. Fish stored in MAP condition and control samples, in different time, were tested for spoilage chemical factors (TVN, PV and pH), microbial parameters (total viable count, clostridium botulinum) and sensory factors too. Mixed gases including co2 (30-50%), N2 (40-65%) and o2 (0 to 20%) were used for trout (without head and tail =6 treatments) and (whole fish without visceral and control = 2 treatments) statistical the analysis results showed that examined factors were significant difference during storage (P〈0.001). Mixed gases haven t had inhibitory effect on spoilage factors (chemical and microbial parameters). However spoilage process was delayed. Increasing of chemical and microbial changes in control samples was higher than treatment samples especially TVN. The results also showed that shelf life of control samples stored 4-6ºc were between 6-12 days but in MAP samples were 19 days. Mixed gases including CO2 (40%), N2 (55%) and O2 (5%) were the best formula and the shelf life of fish (without head and tail) was 16 days where it was 19 days in whole fish (Lack of visceral). The results showed that storage of trout in MAP condition facilities storage and increasing of fish shelf life too.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study, the inhibitory effect of Radio-Vaccine against white spot disease on white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was studied. This vaccine was prepared by Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute of Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. 14,000 L. vannamei postlarvae were used in treatments after adaptation. Eight treatments, four positive and two negative controls were considered in triplicate. Initially, three meals a day for a month in the hours of 8, 16 and 24 were feeding. Three times in day at 8, 16 and 24 clock were feeding in first mount. Waste food and fecal remaining in the tanks were removed. In the second and third months of treatment, feeding frequency increased to three and four times in day which is at 6, 18 and 24 were given concentrate feed and Artemia nauplii at 12 clocks. Vaccination was carried out by immersion. Vaccination was performed in two doses with an interval of 10 to 14 days. For biometric testing and evaluation of immune cells throughout the experiment, three samples were taken randomly from the tanks. To assess the health status of shrimp, indices of Total Hemocyte Count and Total Plasma Protein was determined. Phagocytic activity of hemocytes was evaluated to assess immune setuation of shrimps. The results of this study showed that the shrimp immune system, as in many reports, the effect of recombinant vaccines and passive safety in memory as "Alternative adaptive immune responses" after experimental infection of white spot virus (WSSV) in wild and farmed shrimp is confirmed, will respond to vaccination against white spot disease.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in diet for rainbow trout in complete random design for 6 weeks. Ten fish with mean 120 g was stocked in each replication.The earthworm at levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% was replaced (as fed) with fish meal in rainbow trout diet. The feed intake by weekly and weight gain of fishes by monthly were measured. Feed intake, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratiothe were colculated, and the samples of fish meat were analysed for chemical composition including dry matter, crude protein, fat and ash. Results obtained showed that feed intake decreased significantly (P〈0.05) as earthworm increased. The diets contain 25% and 50% earthworm showed no significane differences compared to control for weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio (P〉0.05). The chemical composition analysis of fish meat showed that there were no significant effects between control and 25% and 50% earthworm in diet for dry matter, crude protein and ash but, fat content decreaed as earthworm increased significantly (P〈0.05). This experiment showed that earthworm (Eisenia fetida) can be used in rainbow trout diet up to 50% instead of fish meal.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: At the present study, the environmental pollutants such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), heavy metals, hydrocarbons and surfactants were done during 22 months (Sept. 2009 through May 2011) located in southern part of Caspian Sea with longitude and latitude 48°-54° N and 36°-39° E, respectively. The aims of this study were to determine the seasonal pollutants matters in water layers and bed sediments of eight transect (24 stations) and the results are as follow: The maximum seasonal percentage range of OCPs were detected in spring water samples from 10, 50, and 50m depths such as (DDD, δ-BHC, heptachlor epoxide, endrin aldehyde),(DDD) and (aldrin, β-endosulfan) compounds about 62.5, 75 and 100%, respectively. The maximum seasonal residues fluctuation of OCPs were determined in spring water samples from 10, 50, and 50m depths such as aldrin (Babolsar station), aldrin (Tonekabon station) and heptachlor epoxide (Astara station) compounds about 5.03, 3.08 and 31.43 µg/l, respectively. The maximum percentage range of OCPs were detected in sediments samples from 10, 50, and 50m depths such as aldrin and α-BHC (winter), α-BHC (summer and winter) and aldrin (summer) compounds about 100, 75 and 87.5%, respectively. The maximum residues fluctuation of OCPs were determined in sediments samples from 10, 50, and 50m depths such as α-BHC (summer in Nushahr station), α-BHC (summer in Sefidroud station) and α-BHC (winter in Tonekabon station) and compounds about 5.96, 3.77 and 3.07 µg/l, respectively. The fluctuation and distribution of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) concentration in different water layers samples were reduced from summer〉spring〉 fall 〉 winter, respectively. Also this trend occurred for bed sediments and reduced from winter 〉 summer, respectively. The mean concentrations of TPHs in water samples of all seasons, regions, depths and transects were less than maximum permissible concentration (MPC). In this research, a comparison of TPHs with EPA standards shown that the desile range organic (DRO) was close to EPA standards such as TPHs and also 95 percent of water data were less than MPC. But gasoline range organic (GRO) concentrations in all stations were less than the amount of EPA standard. A comparison of TPHs concentration in sediments shown that the concentration of all stations were less than of national research council (NRC) range except west part. The maximum annual mean concentrations of Hg and Pb elements were detected in surface station (50m) at Nushahr and Amirabad transects. The most water data of Cd, Pb and Hg elements in comparison with critical concentrations with Europe, the USA and Japan standards were less than amounts of those standards. The distribution and abundance of Cd, Pb, Hg and Ni elements in water samples were detected 98, 96, 77 and 6%, respectively less than the ISQGs (Interim marine sediment quality guidelines) standards. In sediments samples, the mean and maximum concentration of Hg element detected in winter in comparison with ISQGs standards was more. But the concentrations of Cd and Pb in sediments samples of all stations were low and less than of ISQGs standards. The maximum concentration of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) from spring through winter in Anzali (spring), Tonekabon (summer), Anzali (fall) and Nushahr (winter) were 0.07, 0.45, 0.145 and 0.087 mg/l, respectively. The maximum concentrations of LSA were detected in spring and fall in west part and summer and winter in middle part. But the lower concentration was occurred in west of southern part of Caspian Sea. According to standards of surfactants and comparison with LAS concentration of this study were less than the critical points.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Rregarding the potential and capabilities of different socio-economic, ecological and recreational, Hurolazim wetland is allocated as a special place in the collection of ecosystems and environment and the study of existing ecological conditions is necessary to protect and restoring management. In this study, monthly Samples of four stations (stations north of the road , Imam Reza (1) and south of the road, Imam Reza (2) ,in the Rofayeh area and stations Tabor (3) and the Shatt Ali (4), in the Shatt Ali area) were taken during the year from April to March 2012. Samples included physical and chemical parameters , phyto and zoo planktons, benthos, fish, and fishing status. Phytoplankton samples using sampling bottles from 0.5 meters below the surface were taken and counted based on alive unit. Zooplankton samples were collected by 100 micron mesh size plankton net from a depth of 1.5-2 meters . Benthic animals and sediment were sampled by Van Vin grab(0.125 square meters). One sample for benthos and one sample for grain size analysis and percentage of organic matter were sampled from each stations. In order to estimate the monthly depleted catches, data collected from the census in place and sampling was done at the time. Three fishing area has inspected randomly once every 15 days and active fishermen and caches were recorded in the prepared forms during the day. In this way, the number of observed boats, the average boat per day, the catches of the boats and CPUE were registered and total fishing effort was calculated monthly. In this study, 194 species of phytoplankton were identified. Diatoms with 85 species, Cyanophyta with 59 species, Chlorophyta with 31 species, Euglenophyta and Dinophyta with 18 and one species were observed respectively. The highest abundance frequency of phytoplanktons with 38.96 percent were observed in Tabar station (3), Diatoms with 46% has shown the highest frequency and then Cyanophyta (34.17%), Chlorophyta (16.39%), Euglenophyta (1.6 %) and Dinophta (1.58%) were included of the total abundance respectively. In the summer colonies of Cyanophyta were in high density. A total of 35 species of zooplankton have been identified. from Rizopoda, the species of Arcellidae and Centripyxidae families, from Rotifera, the species of Brachionidae, Lecanidae, Asplanchnidae and Philodinidae families, from Cladocera ,the species of Daphnidae, Sisidae and Chydoridae families and from copepods, Cyclopoda families have been observed that included about 98 percent of identified zooplankton. Respectively, Copepoda (39.9 %), Rotifera (34.71 %), Cladocera (22.38 %) and Rizopoda (0.843 %) were dominant groups. The species Brachionus urceolaris with average density of 7.29 individual per liter, is the most abundant species that included 17 % of total abundance frequency in the wetland. The higher frequency of crustacean zooplankton such as Copepoda and Cladocera could be indicated an environment more favorable conditions and expected to be good status of food in the Horolazim wetland. Among the known benthic groups, families, Tephritidae (85%) and Chironomidae (7 %) of the order Diptera and Ostracoda (2 %) from crustacean, were the dominant macrobentic groups Among the studied stations, Station South Road Imam Reza (2), and the station Shatt Ali (4), were the highest and the lowest abundance respectively. The mean abundance of macrobenthos in different seasons showed the lowest and the highest abundance frequency in summer and winter respectively. According to diversity indices, The stations Tabar (3) was the highest and the Station South Road Imam Reza (2), was the lowest value of diversity index. The results showed the higher than 71.84 % of Silt-Clay percentage in all stations, The highest value of sediments TOM in the Station South of the Road Imam Reza(2) in the winter and the lowest in station Shat Ali(4) in summer were recorded. Based on HFBI index the stations north of the road Imam Reza (1) and the station Shatt Ali (4) in moderate status and the stations south of the road Imam Reza (2) and Tabar (3) in good status were classified. In this study, 15 species of fishes belonging to 8 genera and 3 families were identified. It was noticed that 87.4 percent of all identified species in the wetland belonged to the Cyprinidae family. The results of previous studies in 2006 and 2008 in the Iraqi part of Hawizeh wetland showed that the most common fish species belonged to Biah, Karas, Hemry and Shelej that included 89.3 percent of total fishing in the current study .Finally, It is evaluated that changes in water regime of freshwater wetlands, controlled the environmental characteristics and conditions. That means water plays a decisive role in the vital characteristics of wetlands. changes of quantity and quality of water may be associated with changing the quantity and quality of biotic fauna in wetland system. In the management and protection of a wetland system, it is necessary to adopt measures based on scientific principles and reasonable methods in order to protect water quality.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Nutrient and chemical composition, TVN, bacteria, yeast, mold and carcass performance, of aquatic feeds which make in this province were determined. In order to above investigation three commercial aquatic steam pelleted feeds samples for stage of growth and fattening were taken randomly from farm and aquatic factory product. In first trail feed sampled were analyzed for dry matter, crud protein, ether extract, ash, phosphorous, TVN, bacteria, yeast and mold computation. In second trial the experiment was carried out in complete random in design with four treatments and three replicate in each for effect of samples diets on feed consumption (FC), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), which were examined in Juveniles rainbow trout. This experiment were conducted on 3600 Juveniles rainbow trout with initial average weight of 80 gr, for 130 days after antiseptic processes in a pool of one fish producer in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The feed were given 3 times a day on biomass basis of pounds. During the experiment, once every two weeks, after anaesthetize, weights of 30 fishes in each pound were measuring. The results showed, diet crud protein were significantly differ (P〈0.05) between many of feeds. In addition nutrient of diets were differ a little when compare with rainbow trout requirement. Crud protein, phosphorous and EE in starter, grower and finisher of diets were lower than rainbow trout requirement and differ was significant (P〈0.05). The index of TVN that shows free nitrogen, were higher than standard in all samples. Bacteria, yeast and mold computation in different of feeds showed that main of total count, yeast and mold in diets of various stage for growth of rainbow trout were different with standards and the differ were higher significantly (P〈0.05). The number of coliforms of diets was lower than that suggestion for rainbow trout diets.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of gamma rays on shelf life and fatty acids composition of Rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during refrigerating condition. Quality and shelf life of non-irradiated and irradiated (0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75 and 4.5 kGy) Rainbow trout stored at +4 C was investigated by measurement of microbiological, chemical and sensory analysis .Irradiation of fillets was performed by gamma rays from a Co60 source. Microbial counts for non-irradiated trout fillet samples were higher than respective irradiated fish. Total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) values was increased from 7 mg/100 g for non-irradiated to 52.7 mg/100 g after 15 days storage at refrigerator, whereas for irradiated fish lower values of 39.4, 37.6, 28.7, 25.6, 24.8 and 23.2 mg/100 g were recorded at 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75 and 4.5 kGy, respectively (day 15).initial amount of peroxide value in non irradiated sampleswas 0.8 meq/kg and was increased to 7 meq/kg (7 day).Highest amount of peroxide after irradiation process was belonged to samples irradiated by 4.5 kGy (1.5 meq/kg). Also, total viable count of irradiated samples were decreased significantly (p〈0.05). On nutritional aspect, results showed that total saturated fatty acid concentrations increased significantly (p〈0.001) with increasing irradiation dose , so that the control sample and fish muscles that irradiated with 4.5 kGy had the lowest and highest amounts of total saturated fatty acids (20.454 ± 0.011% and 19.228 ± 0.040% , respectively). The amount of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in irradiated samples were significantly lower than control sample (p〈0.001) and amounts of total monounsaturated (MUFAs) were significantly higher than control samples (p〈0.001). The results were indicated that the highest content of MUFAs and PUFAs were in samples irradiated with 3.75kGy (37.783± 0.092 %) and control samples (37.677± 0.104 %), respectively .The lowest level of MUFAs and PUFAs were in control samples (36.596 ± 0.024%) and 4.5 kGy (36.459 ± 0.047%), respectively. Altogether, results of this study were determined that irradiation treatment changes significantly the fatty acid composition especially polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout muscle (P〈0.001). Overall, irradiation of fillet by 3.75 kGy had best results on increasing shelf life of fillet at refrigerator (between 11-15 days) and had no advers effect on fatty acid composition of Rainbo trout fillet.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Coregonus lavaretus is one the important species of coregonidae family. It has adipose fin and the tail fin has a deep notch. The fish is special for fresh and cold north waters and are mainly found in north hemisphere and north of Europe, Asia and America. It feeds aquatic invertebrate and zooplanktons. The mentioned species has tasteful meat and supplies the major part of fish consumption. The big fishes meat is tasteful, low fat and has a cucumber like odorous characteristics and is mostly consumed in dried and smoked forms. Since this fish is important in inland fisheries and is releasable and developing in water sources of lakes behind dams has been considered and respect to purity of water resources behind dams. In the lake of Karaj dam has been considered as the only habitat and considered to have to low biological information from October to late march 2001 for 6 months totally 82 samples were caught and studied and through this way lack of fishing in the region by determining 11 stations, the samples were collected and grown, relation between length and weight, age and length, propagation, nutrition and fertility parameters were evaluated. Most of caught fishes are 4 to 5 year olds and 3 and 4 year olds. The 4 year olds males were majority and 5 and 6 year olds females formed the dominant group. Correlation relation between age and total length in both sexes (male and female) was very significant at 1% level, of course in females the correlation was around 100%. The weight and total length in males and females that was caught both had high correlation at 1%level; of course this correlation in females had been very stronger than males. % level related to gonad weight and sexual evolution stages of females. Gonad had correlation at 5 The most absolute fecundity had belonged to 5 year old female with 19120 ovules and the lowest to 4 year old breeder. With 11496 ovules the most relative fecundity was 62.13% and belonged to 5 year old breeder and the lowest was 36.06% belonged to 4 year old breeder by increasing the quantity of ovules in breeders the sixth stage of sexual evolution the fecundity rate has been directly increased as well. % of Gonad weight was the most effective factor on absolute fecundity and according to (R2) more than 90 variations of breeders; absolute fecundity is claimable by their gonad weight. Among all traits, affecting gonad weight fecundity the breeders sexual evolution stage has been recognized the most effective factor on fish ovules diameter. Generally in oligotrophic aquatic resources they become mature before the age of 3 and in utroph aquatic resources and full of edible zooplanktons they become mature with 2 years of age. In respect to nutrition this fish eats a broad range of zooplanktons separated from surface to bed of water of dam lake and no kind of selection was seen there so that in different ecological condition it can differ appropriately to kind of foods available in different seasons so that in cold months (December to March) the food diet of this fish varies toward eating water bed living things such as tobifex.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Sponges are the most primitive of the multicellular, These organisms don’t have any mechanical defense system, so their early appearance in evolution has given them alot of time for the development of advanced secondary metabolites as chemical defense system. Sponges have the potential to provide drugs from chemical components against diseases. In this investigation the sponge samples, which it is Dysidea spp. , were collected at depth of 15- 20 meter, from locations on the coastline of Island Hengam in Persian Gulf of Iran. For identifying natural components, methanolic and diethyletter were used as extraction solvents, after removal of the solvents, the GC/MS spectra of the fraction were obtained. Then in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral activities were identified. In vitro cytotoxity screening, by XTT assay, against KB/ C152 and HUT-78/ C185 cell line, was conducted in this study in 1 - 500 µg/ml . IC50 for diethyletter and methanolic extract was 200 µg/ml in HUT-78 , IC50 for diethyletter extract was 325µg/ml and methanolic extract 325µg/ml in KB. In vitro antimicrobial activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical gram-positives and gram negatives (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus و subtilis Bacillus). The results conducted that the MIC values of methanol and diethyletter extract for Escherichia coli 20mg/ml, Bacillus subtilis 10mg/ml and 2mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The MBC values of the diethyletter extracts for Bacillus subtilis 30 mg/ml) and S. aureus aureus 10mg/ml. In vitro antifungal activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical pathogens; Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results conducted that the aqueous extracts didn’t have any antifungal activities on pathogens, minimum inhibitor concentrations (MIC) of the diethyletter extract on C. albicans 0/75mg/ml, MFC 5 mg/ml and methanolic extract ٥/٠ mg/ml and MFC 5 mg/ml on A. fumigatus In vitro antiviral activities by XTT assay against MT-2 cell line. The results conducted that IC50 for diethyletter extract 500µg/ml and methanolic extract 475 µg/ml.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2018

Description: Many chemical constituents are removed from the ocean by attachment to settling particles, a process referred to as “scavenging.” Radioisotopes of thorium, a highly particle-reactive element, have been used extensively to study scavenging in the ocean. However, this process is complicated by the highly variable chemical composition and concentration of particles in oceanic waters. This thesis focuses on understanding the cycling of thorium as affected by particle concentration and particle composition in the North Atlantic. This objective is addressed using (i) the distributions 228,230,234Th, their radioactive parents, particle composition, and bulk particle concentration, as measured or estimated along the GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (GA03) and (ii) a model for the reversible exchange of thorium with particles. Model parameters are either estimated by inversion (chapter 2-4), or prescribed in order to simulate 230Th in a circulation model (chapter 5). The major findings of this thesis follow. In chapters 2 and 3, I find that the rate parameters of the reversible exchange model show systematic variations along GA03. In particular, 𝑘1, the apparent first-order rate "constant" of Th adsorption onto particles, generally presents maxima in the mesopelagic zone and minima below. A positive correlation between 𝑘1 and bulk particle concentration is found, consistent with the notion that the specific rate at which a metal in solution attaches to particles increases with the number of surface sites available for adsorption. In chapter 4, I show that Mn (oxyhydr)oxides and biogenic particles most strongly influence 𝑘1 west of the Mauritanian upwelling, but that biogenic particles dominate 𝑘1 in this region. In chapter 5, I find that dissolved 230Th data are best represented by a model that assumes enhanced values of 𝑘1 near the seafloor. Collectively, my findings suggest that spatial variations in Th radioisotope activities observed in the North Atlantic reflect at least partly variations in the rate at which Th is removed from the water column.

Description: This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation. Two US NSF grants have supported the research in this thesis (OCE-1232578 and OCE-155644).

Description: This study was conducted to spatio-temporal fluctuation and distribution of phosphorous and nitrogen species, total organic carbone and some environmental parameters at suface sediments in the southern of Caspian Sea. In current study, 48 samples were collected from four stations (Bandar Anzali, Tonekabon, Bandar Nowshahr and Bandar Amirabad) and three dephths (5, 10 and 20 meter) during four seasons in 2013-2014. Results of this study showed that annual mean of Adsorbed-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Bioava.-P, Ca-P, TIP, Rese.-P and TP were obtained 6.68±0.63, 60.90±2.44, 24.94±2.39, 94.52±3.62, 1868±36, 1963±37, 87.51±9.52 and 2050±38 µg/g.dw, respectively. Result also showed that inorganic phophotous was maximum during different seasons, however, percent mean of residue-P which containe organic compounds and non-degrediable compounds, was less that 5 percent. Percent of Ca-P was higher than 90, whereas Bioava.-P was less that 10 percent. The order of different forms of phosphorous were registered Ca-P〉Org-P〉Fe-P〉Al-P〉Adsorbed-P.Annual mean of NH4/N, NO3/N, TIN, TON and TN were observed 2.56±0.27, 0.89±0.12, 3.52±0.26, 6.06±0.27 and 9.57±0.32µg/g.dw respectively. Annual percent of TON was two folds than TIN and NH4/N was also three times than NO3/N. In addition, mean of Fe, Al, Ca, Eh and TOC% were obtained 25.39±0.65, 18.76±0.68, 60.15±1.50 mg/g.dw and 67.02±0.68, 1.11±0.09, respectively. Maximum mean of carbon (1152±171), nitrogen (0.87±0.05) and phoporous (74±23) µM/g were observed in fall, winter and summer, recpectively. Also, maximum ratios of TOC:TP (16.8±2.3) and TOC:TN (2378±363) were obtained in fall season. As a conclusion, mian role of Adsorbed-P, Fe-P and Al-P adsorbed and desorbed were temperature, Eh and pH, respectively. Results of this study showed that TOC:TN was very high which represented to excitance of organic matter with almost non-degrediable. Whereas, TOC:TP was low which showed that organic phophoros was not related to proteins and phospholipids therefore sources of org-P were belong to other compounds.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: One of the most important bacterial fish diseases which has caused some outbreaks in rainbow trout farms in Iran is streptococcusis .The farmers were suffering from huge economic losses due to the disease outbreaks in different rainbow trout farms in Iran. The aim of our study was to determine rate of streptococcusis incidence in different stage of growth in farmed rainbow trout in Mazandaran and Fars province. Fish and water samples were randomly collected and measured randomly in selected farms, monthly throughout a year. After clinical observations, Isolation and recognition of strep strains were made using biochemical and molecular tests. Some Environmental factors include Nitrate, Nitrite, Temperature, pH, Ammonia and DO measure during sampling periods. According to our results incidence of disease in juvenile is more than growers. Some samples showed clinical singe of streptococcusis without strep. Contamination .Main isolated strain were S.iniae and S.garviea and S.uberis recognized for first time in east of Mazandaran province (Haraz River). Incidence of streptococcusis in rainbow trout affected by fluctuation of Nitrite, temperature and DO. Management of these factors can decrease rate of disease outbreaks.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was to assess the silver carp diet compositionduring grow out period. The experiment was conducted in a well-managed fish farm located at Mazndarn province from 2012 to 2013. Totally five samples from the pond water and also silver cap intestines were collected in May, April, Jun, July, August and September of 2012. The results showed that there are five phyla of phytoplankton in the ponds including: Phyrophyta, Bacilluryophyta, Cyanophyta, Clorophyta, Oglenophyta. A comparison of phytoplankton populationindicated a significant differences throughout the five sampling sessions (P〈0.05). Phytoplankton population increased gradually from April to September. The biomass of the phytoplankton was not also similar during the experiment (P〈0.05) and this value elevated along with increasing the phytoplankton number from April to September. The overall intestine content demonstrated that around 39.2% of the proximal intestine content composed ofChlorophyta . However Chlorophyta concentration reached to 34.9% for distal part of the intestine. The rest of silver carp intestinal phytoplankton were Bacilluriaphyta ,Cianophyta, Oglana and Phyrophyta, respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present study is carried out to investigate the fungal species present in water of Shahid Rajaeii damlake in Sari, (Mazandaran province). Samples were taken from five stations including, Station 1: Input of Shirinrud river, station 2: Input of Sefidrud river, Station 3: The confluence of the two branches, Station 4: dam crest and stations 5: Output dam from June to February 2012. Every sample was diluted by sterile saline (10-1 and 10-2) and 0.5 mL from each dilution was cultured on SD and incubated at 27-30°C for 3-5 days. Finally, the number of colonies wasrecorded as (colony forming unit = CFU) per 100 mL. Identification of fungal agents were conducted by slide culture preparation and stained in lacto-phenol blue. The results showed that in August and February were significantly highest and lowest rates of fungal colonies were isolated from water in different stations respectively. Moreover, the number of fungal colonies in the crown and the output was significantly higher than other stations. The frequency of identified fungi were: Aspergillus species (31.4%), various types of yeast (mainly Candida) (24.2%), Penicillium sp. (19.3%), Cladosporium sp.(10.3%), Mucor sp. (5.4%), Fusarium sp. (2.9%), sterile hype (2.8%), Alternaria sp. (2.3%) and Paecilomyces sp. (1.4%).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The algal herbarium was set up and put into operation officially since 22 August 1993 at the Ghazian research station of the Gilan Fisheries Center. Several samplings were carried out from different regions of the Anzali Lagoon and Parts of the Southern shores of the Caspian Sea. The Samples Collected are being stored in the Laboratory in Living and non Living form. 163 Living samples of 23 phytoplankton species are stored in the form of different types of inoculants liquid media and agar Plates. The species collected are as follows: Nodularia sp1, Nodularia sp2, Spirulina sp. Oscillatoria sp., Anabaena sp1,Anabaena sp2, Dactylococcopsis raphidiodes Lyngbia sp., Ankistrodesmus falacatus, Ankistrodesmus sp., Scenedesmus abundans S. acuminatus, S. obliquus, S. quadricada, Chlorella vulgaris Thalassionema nitzschioides, Cyclotella sp., Rhizosolenia calcar avis, Navicula sp., Bacillaria sp. Pure cultures of seven phytoplankton species have been developed which include: Scenedesmus abundans, S.obliquus, S. acuminatus, S. quadricada, Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina sp.and Ankistrodesmus falacatus. The non Living sampeles are stored dried or fixed in suitable Preservatives. More than 200 phytoplankton specimens are available in the Laboratory at present, of which 100 species have been identified.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published