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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (46)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-04
    Beschreibung: Human beings routinely help others to achieve their goals, even when the helper receives no immediate benefit and the person helped is a stranger. Such altruistic behaviors (toward non-kin) are extremely rare evolutionarily, with some theorists even proposing that they are uniquely human. Here we show that human children as young as 18 months of age (prelinguistic or just-linguistic) quite readily help others to achieve their goals in a variety of different situations. This requires both an understanding of others' goals and an altruistic motivation to help. In addition, we demonstrate similar though less robust skills and motivations in three young chimpanzees.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warneken, Felix -- Tomasello, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. warneken@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Altruism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; *Helping Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation ; Pan troglodytes/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-10
    Beschreibung: How does the bilingual brain distinguish and control which language is in use? Previous functional imaging experiments have not been able to answer this question because proficient bilinguals activate the same brain regions irrespective of the language being tested. Here, we reveal that neuronal responses within the left caudate are sensitive to changes in the language or the meaning of words. By demonstrating this effect in populations of German-English and Japanese-English bilinguals, we suggest that the left caudate plays a universal role in monitoring and controlling the language in use.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crinion, J -- Turner, R -- Grogan, A -- Hanakawa, T -- Noppeney, U -- Devlin, J T -- Aso, T -- Urayama, S -- Fukuyama, H -- Stockton, K -- Usui, K -- Green, D W -- Price, C J -- 051067/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Multilingualism ; Neurons/physiology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Semantics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-21
    Beschreibung: Stereotype threat occurs when stereotyped groups perform worse as their group membership is highlighted. We investigated whether stereotype threat is affected by accounts for the origins of stereotypes. In two studies, women who read of genetic causes of sex differences performed worse on math tests than those who read of experiential causes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dar-Nimrod, Ilan -- Heine, Steven J -- R01 MH60155-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; *Aptitude ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; *Mathematics ; Sex Characteristics ; *Stereotyping ; Women/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1581.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Angola/epidemiology ; Child ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Humans ; *Mass Vaccination ; Namibia/epidemiology ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Poliomyelitis/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/virology ; Poliovirus/genetics ; *Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: Few sub-Saharan African countries have witnessed declines in HIV prevalence, and only Uganda has compelling evidence for a decline founded on sexual behavior change. We report a decline in HIV prevalence in eastern Zimbabwe between 1998 and 2003 associated with sexual behavior change in four distinct socioeconomic strata. HIV prevalence fell most steeply at young ages-by 23 and 49%, respectively, among men aged 17 to 29 years and women aged 15 to 24 years-and in more educated groups. Sexually experienced men and women reported reductions in casual sex of 49 and 22%, respectively, whereas recent cohorts reported delayed sexual debut. Selective AIDS-induced mortality contributed to the decline in HIV prevalence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregson, Simon -- Garnett, Geoffrey P -- Nyamukapa, Constance A -- Hallett, Timothy B -- Lewis, James J C -- Mason, Peter R -- Chandiwana, Stephen K -- Anderson, Roy M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):664-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, UK. Sajgregson@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Cohort Studies ; Condoms ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; *Sexual Behavior ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: Mounting evidence has revealed pathological interactions between HIV and malaria in dually infected patients, but the public health implications of the interplay have remained unclear. A transient almost one-log elevation in HIV viral load occurs during febrile malaria episodes; in addition, susceptibility to malaria is enhanced in HIV-infected patients. A mathematical model applied to a setting in Kenya with an adult population of roughly 200,000 estimated that, since 1980, the disease interaction may have been responsible for 8,500 excess HIV infections and 980,000 excess malaria episodes. Co-infection might also have facilitated the geographic expansion of malaria in areas where HIV prevalence is high. Hence, transient and repeated increases in HIV viral load resulting from recurrent co-infection with malaria may be an important factor in promoting the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abu-Raddad, Laith J -- Patnaik, Padmaja -- Kublin, James G -- P30 AI 27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1603-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. laith@scharp.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Disease Susceptibility ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Male ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Sexual Behavior ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-16
    Beschreibung: We observed robust coupling between the high- and low-frequency bands of ongoing electrical activity in the human brain. In particular, the phase of the low-frequency theta (4 to 8 hertz) rhythm modulates power in the high gamma (80 to 150 hertz) band of the electrocorticogram, with stronger modulation occurring at higher theta amplitudes. Furthermore, different behavioral tasks evoke distinct patterns of theta/high gamma coupling across the cortex. The results indicate that transient coupling between low- and high-frequency brain rhythms coordinates activity in distributed cortical areas, providing a mechanism for effective communication during cognitive processing in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2628289/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2628289/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canolty, R T -- Edwards, E -- Dalal, S S -- Soltani, M -- Nagarajan, S S -- Kirsch, H E -- Berger, M S -- Barbaro, N M -- Knight, R T -- F31DC006762/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- NS21135/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC004855/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC004855-01A1/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS021135/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS021135-20/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1626-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rcanolty@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Attention ; Auditory Perception ; Cognition ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrophysiology ; Epilepsy/physiopathology/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Memory ; *Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Neocortex/*physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; *Theta Rhythm ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1298-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; *Biomedical Research/trends ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; Korea ; Myocardial Infarction/therapy ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Research Support as Topic ; Scientific Misconduct ; *Stem Cells
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Cognitive functions dependent on the prefrontal cortex, such as the ability to suppress behavior (response inhibition) and to learn from complex feedback (probabilistic learning), play critical roles in activities of daily life. To what extent do different neurochemical systems modulate these two cognitive functions? Here, using stop-signal and probabilistic learning tasks, we show a double dissociation for the involvement of noradrenaline and serotonin in human cognition. In healthy volunteers, inhibition of central noradrenaline reuptake improved response inhibition but had no effect on probabilistic learning, whereas inhibition of central serotonin reuptake impaired probabilistic learning with no effect on response inhibition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867315/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867315/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamberlain, Samuel R -- Muller, Ulrich -- Blackwell, Andrew D -- Clark, Luke -- Robbins, Trevor W -- Sahakian, Barbara J -- 076274/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0001354/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0401099/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):861-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. src33@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Atomoxetine Hydrochloride ; Citalopram/pharmacology ; Double-Blind Method ; Feedback, Psychological ; Humans ; *Inhibition (Psychology) ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Inhibition ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Propylamines/pharmacology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Serotonin/*physiology ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-10
    Beschreibung: The pathophysiology of depression remains enigmatic, although abnormalities in serotonin signaling have been implicated. We have found that the serotonin 1B receptor [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1B) receptor] interacts with p11. p11 increases localization of 5-HT1B receptors at the cell surface. p11 is increased in rodent brains by antidepressants or electroconvulsive therapy, but decreased in an animal model of depression and in brain tissue from depressed patients. Overexpression of p11 increases 5-HT1B receptor function in cells and recapitulates certain behaviors seen after antidepressant treatment in mice. p11 knockout mice exhibit a depression-like phenotype and have reduced responsiveness to 5-HT1B receptor agonists and reduced behavioral reactions to an antidepressant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Svenningsson, Per -- Chergui, Karima -- Rachleff, Ilan -- Flajolet, Marc -- Zhang, Xiaoqun -- El Yacoubi, Malika -- Vaugeois, Jean-Marie -- Nomikos, George G -- Greengard, Paul -- DA10044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH40899/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):77-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Annexin A2/genetics/*metabolism ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Depression/genetics/*metabolism ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/*metabolism ; S100 Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-15
    Beschreibung: Obesity is a heritable trait and a risk factor for many common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. We used a dense whole-genome scan of DNA samples from the Framingham Heart Study participants to identify a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene associated with obesity. We have replicated the finding in four separate samples composed of individuals of Western European ancestry, African Americans, and children. The obesity-predisposing genotype is present in 10% of individuals. Our study suggests that common genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbert, Alan -- Gerry, Norman P -- McQueen, Matthew B -- Heid, Iris M -- Pfeufer, Arne -- Illig, Thomas -- Wichmann, H-Erich -- Meitinger, Thomas -- Hunter, David -- Hu, Frank B -- Colditz, Graham -- Hinney, Anke -- Hebebrand, Johannes -- Koberwitz, Kerstin -- Zhu, Xiaofeng -- Cooper, Richard -- Ardlie, Kristin -- Lyon, Helen -- Hirschhorn, Joel N -- Laird, Nan M -- Lenburg, Marc E -- Lange, Christoph -- Christman, Michael F -- CA87969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K23DK067288/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30DK46200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD060726/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01GM046877/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01HL074166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL54485/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL66289/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01MH59532/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01HL65899/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 14;312(5771):279-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University Medical School, E613, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. aherbert@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; African Americans ; Alleles ; *Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Europe ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Obesity/*genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayes, Richard -- Weiss, Helen -- G0700837/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):620-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK. richard.hayes@lshtm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution/therapeutic use ; Circumcision, Male ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; *Sexual Behavior ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: The study of politics and the life cycle began with a rather single-minded focus on childhood and the family-on the idea, as Tocqueville famously put it, that the entire person could be "seen in the cradle of the child." Politics does begin in childhood, and parents do influence their offspring, but change takes place over the entire span of life. I take up the early emergence of partisanship and essentialism, the formation of generations, politically consequential transitions in adulthood, and the rising of politics and its final decline.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kinder, Donald R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1905-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Political Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA. drkinder@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Child ; *Culture ; Family ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Middle Aged ; Parents ; *Politics ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate preserved conscious awareness in a patient fulfilling the criteria for a diagnosis of vegetative state. When asked to imagine playing tennis or moving around her home, the patient activated predicted cortical areas in a manner indistinguishable from that of healthy volunteers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owen, Adrian M -- Coleman, Martin R -- Boly, Melanie -- Davis, Matthew H -- Laureys, Steven -- Pickard, John D -- MC_U105559847/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105580446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 2EF, UK. adrian.owen@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Awareness ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Brain Injuries/physiopathology/*psychology ; Brain Mapping ; *Consciousness ; Female ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurons/physiology ; Persistent Vegetative State/physiopathology/*psychology
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-16
    Beschreibung: Considerable evidence indicates that a stimulus that is subthreshold, and thus consciously invisible, influences brain activity and behavioral performance. However, it is not clear how subthreshold stimuli are processed in the brain. We found that a task-irrelevant subthreshold coherent motion led to a stronger disturbance in task performance than did suprathreshold motion. With the subthreshold motion, activity in the visual cortex measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging was higher, but activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex was lower, than with suprathreshold motion. These results suggest that subthreshold irrelevant signals are not subject to effective inhibitory control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsushima, Yoshiaki -- Sasaki, Yuka -- Watanabe, Takeo -- P41RR14075/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015980/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R21 EY017737/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1786-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Boston University, 64 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Attention ; *Awareness ; Brain Mapping ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motion Perception ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Sensory Thresholds ; *Task Performance and Analysis ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; *Visual Perception
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Adult ; Biomedical Research ; Disease Outbreaks ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Prevalence ; South America/epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-07
    Beschreibung: Humans restrain self-interest with moral and social values. They are the only species known to exhibit reciprocal fairness, which implies the punishment of other individuals' unfair behaviors, even if it hurts the punisher's economic self-interest. Reciprocal fairness has been demonstrated in the Ultimatum Game, where players often reject their bargaining partner's unfair offers. Despite progress in recent years, however, little is known about how the human brain limits the impact of selfish motives and implements fair behavior. Here we show that disruption of the right, but not the left, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation substantially reduces subjects' willingness to reject their partners' intentionally unfair offers, which suggests that subjects are less able to resist the economic temptation to accept these offers. Importantly, however, subjects still judge such offers as very unfair, which indicates that the right DLPFC plays a key role in the implementation of fairness-related behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knoch, Daria -- Pascual-Leone, Alvaro -- Meyer, Kaspar -- Treyer, Valerie -- Fehr, Ernst -- K24 RR018875/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):829-32. Epub 2006 Oct 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, University of Zurich, Blumlisalpstrasse 10, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland. dknoch@iew.unizh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Decision Making ; Functional Laterality ; *Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Judgment ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Social Behavior ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):483.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Belize/epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Health Education ; Humans ; Juvenile Delinquency/*prevention & control ; Male ; Organizations ; Prevalence ; Prisons ; United Nations ; Violence/*prevention & control
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-01
    Beschreibung: Quantifying long-range dissemination of infectious diseases is a key issue in their dynamics and control. Here, we use influenza-related mortality data to analyze the between-state progression of interpandemic influenza in the United States over the past 30 years. Outbreaks show hierarchical spatial spread evidenced by higher pairwise synchrony between more populous states. Seasons with higher influenza mortality are associated with higher disease transmission and more rapid spread than are mild ones. The regional spread of infection correlates more closely with rates of movement of people to and from their workplaces (workflows) than with geographical distance. Workflows are described in turn by a gravity model, with a rapid decay of commuting up to around 100 km and a long tail of rare longer range flow. A simple epidemiological model, based on the gravity formulation, captures the observed increase of influenza spatial synchrony with transmissibility; high transmission allows influenza to spread rapidly beyond local spatial constraints.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viboud, Cecile -- Bjornstad, Ottar N -- Smith, David L -- Simonsen, Lone -- Miller, Mark A -- Grenfell, Bryan T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):447-51. Epub 2006 Mar 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. viboudc@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Algorithms ; Child ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; *Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; *Influenza B virus ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/mortality/*transmission/virology ; Models, Statistical ; Population Density ; Seasons ; Stochastic Processes ; Time Factors ; Travel ; United States/epidemiology ; Workplace
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-06
    Beschreibung: Given the choice of waiting for an adverse outcome or getting it over with quickly, many people choose the latter. Theoretical models of decision-making have assumed that this occurs because there is a cost to waiting-i.e., dread. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the neural responses to waiting for a cutaneous electric shock. Some individuals dreaded the outcome so much that, when given a choice, they preferred to receive more voltage rather than wait. Even when no decision was required, these extreme dreaders were distinguishable from those who dreaded mildly by the rate of increase of neural activity in the posterior elements of the cortical pain matrix. This suggests that dread derives, in part, from the attention devoted to the expected physical response and not simply from fear or anxiety. Although these differences were observed during a passive waiting procedure, they correlated with individual behavior in a subsequent choice paradigm, providing evidence for a neurobiological link between the experienced disutility of dread and subsequent decisions about unpleasant outcomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1820741/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1820741/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berns, Gregory S -- Chappelow, Jonathan -- Cekic, Milos -- Zink, Caroline F -- Pagnoni, Giuseppe -- Martin-Skurski, Megan E -- DA00367/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA016434/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- K08 DA000367/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA016434/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):754-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. gberns@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Anxiety ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cues ; *Decision Making ; Electroshock ; *Emotions ; *Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Pain/physiopathology ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Jon D -- Scott, Eugenie C -- Okamoto, Shinji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):765-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115, USA. jdmiller@msu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Age Factors ; *Attitude ; *Biological Evolution ; Educational Status ; Europe ; Female ; Genetics ; Humans ; Japan ; Male ; Politics ; *Public Opinion ; Public Policy ; Religion ; Religion and Science ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frisch, Rose E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control ; *Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Menarche ; Puberty ; *Sexual Maturation
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):904.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Antimalarials/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Child ; Chloroquine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Malaria/*drug therapy/parasitology ; Malawi ; Plasmodium/*drug effects/genetics ; Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use ; Sulfadoxine/therapeutic use
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silverstein, Robin P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):758-60; author reply 758-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Disease Outbreaks ; Health Care Rationing/*ethics ; *Health Priorities ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/*ethics ; Influenza Vaccines/*administration & dosage/supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/mortality/*prevention & control/transmission ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: Germline variants in MC1R, the gene encoding the melanocortin-1 receptor, and sun exposure increase risk for melanoma in Caucasians. The majority of melanomas that occur on skin with little evidence of chronic sun-induced damage (non-CSD melanoma) have mutations in the BRAF oncogene, whereas in melanomas on skin with marked CSD (CSD melanoma) these mutations are less frequent. In two independent Caucasian populations, we show that MC1R variants are strongly associated with BRAF mutations in non-CSD melanomas. In this tumor subtype, the risk for melanoma associated with MC1R is due to an increase in risk of developing melanomas with BRAF mutations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landi, Maria Teresa -- Bauer, Jurgen -- Pfeiffer, Ruth M -- Elder, David E -- Hulley, Benjamin -- Minghetti, Paola -- Calista, Donato -- Kanetsky, Peter A -- Pinkel, Daniel -- Bastian, Boris C -- K07 CA80700/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA025874-25-A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA5558/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA94963/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA95300/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):521-2. Epub 2006 Jun 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. landim@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; Melanoma/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Odds Ratio ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/*genetics ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/*genetics ; Skin/pathology/*radiation effects ; Skin Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Sunlight/*adverse effects ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-03
    Beschreibung: The human intestinal microbiota is composed of 10(13) to 10(14) microorganisms whose collective genome ("microbiome") contains at least 100 times as many genes as our own genome. We analyzed approximately 78 million base pairs of unique DNA sequence and 2062 polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA sequences obtained from the fecal DNAs of two healthy adults. Using metabolic function analyses of identified genes, we compared our human genome with the average content of previously sequenced microbial genomes. Our microbiome has significantly enriched metabolism of glycans, amino acids, and xenobiotics; methanogenesis; and 2-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway-mediated biosynthesis of vitamins and isoprenoids. Thus, humans are superorganisms whose metabolism represents an amalgamation of microbial and human attributes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3027896/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3027896/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gill, Steven R -- Pop, Mihai -- Deboy, Robert T -- Eckburg, Paul B -- Turnbaugh, Peter J -- Samuel, Buck S -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- Relman, David A -- Fraser-Liggett, Claire M -- Nelson, Karen E -- AI51259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK70977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051259-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1355-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. srgill@buffalo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Bacteria/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Bifidobacterium/genetics ; *DNA, Ribosomal ; Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism ; Dietary Fiber/metabolism ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Fermentation ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/microbiology ; Intestines/metabolism/*microbiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Xenobiotics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galvani, Alison P -- Medlock, Jan -- Chapman, Gretchen B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):758-60; author reply 758-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16906649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks ; Health Care Rationing/*ethics ; *Health Priorities ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/*ethics ; Influenza Vaccines/*administration & dosage/supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Shane -- Neaves, William -- Teitelbaum, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):439. Epub 2006 Jul 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Humans ; *Politics ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells ; *Therapeutics ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rakic, Pasko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):928-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA. pasko.rakic@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Carbon Radioisotopes/analysis ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA/chemistry ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Neocortex/*cytology ; Neurons/*cytology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-02
    Beschreibung: Through the adoptive transfer of lymphocytes after host immunodepletion, it is possible to mediate objective cancer regression in human patients with metastatic melanoma. However, the generation of tumor-specific T cells in this mode of immunotherapy is often limiting. Here we report the ability to specifically confer tumor recognition by autologous lymphocytes from peripheral blood by using a retrovirus that encodes a T cell receptor. Adoptive transfer of these transduced cells in 15 patients resulted in durable engraftment at levels exceeding 10% of peripheral blood lymphocytes for at least 2 months after the infusion. We observed high sustained levels of circulating, engineered cells at 1 year after infusion in two patients who both demonstrated objective regression of metastatic melanoma lesions. This study suggests the therapeutic potential of genetically engineered cells for the biologic therapy of cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267026/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267026/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morgan, Richard A -- Dudley, Mark E -- Wunderlich, John R -- Hughes, Marybeth S -- Yang, James C -- Sherry, Richard M -- Royal, Richard E -- Topalian, Suzanne L -- Kammula, Udai S -- Restifo, Nicholas P -- Zheng, Zhili -- Nahvi, Azam -- de Vries, Christiaan R -- Rogers-Freezer, Linda J -- Mavroukakis, Sharon A -- Rosenberg, Steven A -- Z01 BC010763-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 SC003811-32/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):126-9. Epub 2006 Aug 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adoptive Transfer ; Adult ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Cells, Cultured ; Electroporation ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; *Genetic Therapy ; HLA-A Antigens/immunology ; HLA-A2 Antigen ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/immunology/therapeutic use ; MART-1 Antigen ; Male ; Melanoma/immunology/secondary/*therapy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins/*immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*genetics/*immunology ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transgenes
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 31
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naccache, Lionel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1395-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, 75013 France. lionel.naccache@wanadoo.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Brain Injuries/physiopathology/*psychology ; Brain Mapping ; *Consciousness ; Female ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nerve Net/physiopathology ; Persistent Vegetative State/physiopathology/*psychology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-05
    Beschreibung: Human choices are remarkably susceptible to the manner in which options are presented. This so-called "framing effect" represents a striking violation of standard economic accounts of human rationality, although its underlying neurobiology is not understood. We found that the framing effect was specifically associated with amygdala activity, suggesting a key role for an emotional system in mediating decision biases. Moreover, across individuals, orbital and medial prefrontal cortex activity predicted a reduced susceptibility to the framing effect. This finding highlights the importance of incorporating emotional processes within models of human choice and suggests how the brain may modulate the effect of these biasing influences to approximate rationality.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631940/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631940/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Martino, Benedetto -- Kumaran, Dharshan -- Seymour, Ben -- Dolan, Raymond J -- 078865/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):684-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1 3AR, UK. b.martino@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Amygdala/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Choice Behavior ; Cognition ; *Emotions ; Female ; Gambling ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology
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  • 33
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-21
    Beschreibung: Does geometry constitute a core set of intuitions present in all humans, regardless of their language or schooling? We used two nonverbal tests to probe the conceptual primitives of geometry in the Munduruku, an isolated Amazonian indigene group. Munduruku children and adults spontaneously made use of basic geometric concepts such as points, lines, parallelism, or right angles to detect intruders in simple pictures, and they used distance, angle, and sense relationships in geometrical maps to locate hidden objects. Our results provide evidence for geometrical intuitions in the absence of schooling, experience with graphic symbols or maps, or a rich language of geometrical terms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene, Stanislas -- Izard, Veronique -- Pica, Pierre -- Spelke, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):381-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France. dehaene@shfj.cea.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analysis of Variance ; Brazil ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Comprehension ; Culture ; Female ; Humans ; Indians, South American/*psychology ; *Knowledge ; Language ; Male ; Maps as Topic ; *Mathematics ; Middle Aged
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-28
    Beschreibung: Cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a sporadic developmental disorder involving characteristic craniofacial features, cardiac defects, ectodermal abnormalities, and developmental delay. We demonstrate that heterogeneous de novo missense mutations in three genes within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway cause CFC syndrome. The majority of cases (18 out of 23) are caused by mutations in BRAF, a gene frequently mutated in cancer. Of the 11 mutations identified, two result in amino acid substitutions that occur in tumors, but most are unique and suggest previously unknown mechanisms of B-Raf activation. Furthermore, three of five individuals without BRAF mutations had missense mutations in either MEK1 or MEK2, downstream effectors of B-Raf. Our findings highlight the involvement of the MAPK pathway in human development and will provide a molecular diagnosis of CFC syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez-Viciana, Pablo -- Tetsu, Osamu -- Tidyman, William E -- Estep, Anne L -- Conger, Brenda A -- Cruz, Molly Santa -- McCormick, Frank -- Rauen, Katherine A -- HD048502/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1287-90. Epub 2006 Jan 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Comprehensive Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Abnormalities, Multiple/*genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Female ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Growth Disorders/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1/genetics ; MAP Kinase Kinase 2/genetics ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation, Missense ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics ; Skin Abnormalities/genetics ; Syndrome ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: A strong, global commitment to expanded prevention programs targeted at sexual transmission and transmission among injecting drug users, started now, could avert 28 million new HIV infections between 2005 and 2015. This figure is more than half of the new infections that might otherwise occur during that period in 125 low- and middle-income countries. Although preventing these new infections would require investing about U.S.$122 billion over this period, it would reduce future needs for treatment and care. Our analysis suggests that it will cost about U.S.$3900 to prevent each new infection, but that this will produce a savings of U.S.$4700 in forgone treatment and care costs. Thus, greater spending on prevention now would not only prevent more than half the new infections that would occur from 2005 to 2015 but would actually produce a net financial saving as future costs for treatment and care are averted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stover, John -- Bertozzi, Stefano -- Gutierrez, Juan-Pablo -- Walker, Neff -- Stanecki, Karen A -- Greener, Robert -- Gouws, Eleanor -- Hankins, Catherine -- Garnett, Geoff P -- Salomon, Joshua A -- Boerma, J Ties -- De Lay, Paul -- Ghys, Peter D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1474-6. Epub 2006 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Futures Group/Constella, Glastonbury, CT 06033, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics/*prevention & control ; Adult ; Child ; Cost Savings ; Developing Countries/economics ; Female ; Global Health ; HIV Infections/economics/*prevention & control ; Health Care Costs ; Health Policy ; Humans ; *Income ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/economics/prevention & control ; Preventive Health Services/*economics ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):899.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; China/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*virology ; Internationality ; Male ; Poultry ; World Health Organization
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: The subjective sense of future time plays an essential role in human motivation. Gradually, time left becomes a better predictor than chronological age for a range of cognitive, emotional, and motivational variables. Socioemotional selectivity theory maintains that constraints on time horizons shift motivational priorities in such a way that the regulation of emotional states becomes more important than other types of goals. This motivational shift occurs with age but also appears in other contexts (for example, geographical relocations, illnesses, and war) that limit subjective future time.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2790864/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2790864/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carstensen, Laura L -- R018816/PHS HHS/ -- R37 AG008816/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R37 AG008816-17/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1913-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2130, USA. llc@psych.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Amygdala/physiology ; Emotions ; Forecasting ; *Goals ; *Human Development ; Humans ; Mental Recall ; *Motivation ; Time ; *Time Perception
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1855-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; China/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*virology ; Information Dissemination ; International Cooperation ; Male ; *Publishing ; Retraction of Publication as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lutz, Wolfgang -- Kritzinger, Sylvia -- Skirbekk, Vegard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):425.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria. lutz@iiasa.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; *Ethnic Groups ; Europe ; European Union ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Politics ; *Social Identification
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-23
    Beschreibung: The posttranslational modification sumoylation can have multiple effects on its substrate proteins. We studied a patient with isolated cleft lip and palate and a balanced chromosomal translocation that disrupts the SUMO1 (small ubiquitin-related modifier) gene, resulting in haploinsufficiency. In mouse, we found that Sumo1 is expressed in the developing lip and palate and that a Sumo1 hypomorphic allele manifests an incompletely penetrant orofacial clefting phenotype. Products of several genes implicated in clefting are sumoylated, and the Sumo1 hypomorphic allele interacts genetically with a loss-of-function allele for one of these loci. Thus, sumoylation defines a network of genes important for palatogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alkuraya, Fowzan S -- Saadi, Irfan -- Lund, Jennifer J -- Turbe-Doan, Annick -- Morton, Cynthia C -- Maas, Richard L -- DE015246/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- DE11697/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- GM061365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD043430/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM061354/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1751.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, NRB-458, 77 Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip/*genetics ; Cleft Palate/*genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Karyotyping ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Morphogenesis ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Palate/embryology/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; SUMO-1 Protein/*genetics/physiology ; Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Emanuel, Ezekiel J -- Wertheimer, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):854-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Bioethics, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1156, USA. eemanuel@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Health Care Rationing/*ethics ; *Health Priorities ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/*ethics ; Infant ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/*administration & dosage/supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Mass Vaccination/ethics ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-20
    Beschreibung: Endocast analysis of the brain Homo floresiensis by Falk et al. (Reports, 8 April 2005, p. 242) implies that the hominid is an insular dwarf derived from H. erectus, but its tiny cranial capacity cannot result from normal dwarfing. Consideration of more appropriate microcephalic syndromes and specimens supports the hypothesis of modern human microcephaly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, R D -- Maclarnon, A M -- Phillips, J L -- Dussubieux, L -- Williams, P R -- Dobyns, W B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):999; author reply 999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Body Size ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/*pathology ; Cephalometry ; Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Microcephaly/history/*pathology ; Organ Size ; Paleopathology ; Skull/anatomy & histology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-21
    Beschreibung: Human memory is a polygenic trait. We performed a genome-wide screen to identify memory-related gene variants. A genomic locus encoding the brain protein KIBRA was significantly associated with memory performance in three independent, cognitively normal cohorts from Switzerland and the United States. Gene expression studies showed that KIBRA was expressed in memory-related brain structures. Functional magnetic resonance imaging detected KIBRA allele-dependent differences in hippocampal activations during memory retrieval. Evidence from these experiments suggests a role for KIBRA in human memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papassotiropoulos, Andreas -- Stephan, Dietrich A -- Huentelman, Matthew J -- Hoerndli, Frederic J -- Craig, David W -- Pearson, John V -- Huynh, Kim-Dung -- Brunner, Fabienne -- Corneveaux, Jason -- Osborne, David -- Wollmer, M Axel -- Aerni, Amanda -- Coluccia, Daniel -- Hanggi, Jurgen -- Mondadori, Christian R A -- Buchmann, Andreas -- Reiman, Eric M -- Caselli, Richard J -- Henke, Katharina -- de Quervain, Dominique J-F -- P30AG19610/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01MH057899/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL086528-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U24NS051872/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):475-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland. papas@bli.unizh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Animals ; Attention ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Chemistry ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Hippocampus/chemistry/*physiology ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; *Memory ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Phosphoproteins ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins/analysis/*genetics/*physiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Switzerland ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):317.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brazil ; Child ; *Comprehension ; Culture ; Humans ; Indians, South American/*psychology ; Intelligence ; *Knowledge ; Maps as Topic ; *Mathematics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holmberg, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1539-40; author reply 1539-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Health Care Rationing/*ethics ; *Health Priorities ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/*ethics ; Influenza Vaccines/*administration & dosage ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: As Europe ages, the proportion of people who work will decline unless older individuals remain in the labor force. Such reform could be part of a more general redistribution of work. If a greater share of the population worked, then the average number of hours worked per week could be reduced. This could particularly help younger people and increase Europe's low birth rates. The challenges facing Germany, Europe's most populous country, are highlighted, but statistics are also given for five other European countries and, for comparison, the United States. Social science research is needed to provide policy-relevant knowledge about life-course options.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaupel, James W -- Loichinger, Elke -- AG-08761/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1911-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rostocker Zentrum for the Study of Demographic Change and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, D-18057 Rostock, Germany. jwv@demogr.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Birth Rate ; Employment/*statistics & numerical data ; Europe ; Female ; Germany ; Humans ; Income ; Longevity ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Population Dynamics ; Retirement ; United States ; Women, Working
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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