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  • 1
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    Interactions between soil heterogeneity and freezing: Implications for grassland plant diversity and relative species abundances (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Plant stress resulting from soil freezing is expected to increase in northern temperate regions over the next century due to reductions in snow cover caused by climate change. Soil spatial heterogeneity can buffer the effects of plant freezing stress by increasing the availability of soil microsites that function as microrefugia. While the deliberate creation of soil microsites in ecological restoration projects could increase the frequency of microrefugia that mitigate plant community responses to increased freezing stress, the design of these microsites must be optimized, given that soil heterogeneity also has the potential to exacerbate freezing stress responses. Abstract Plant stress resulting from soil freezing is expected to increase in northern temperate regions over the next century due to reductions in snow cover caused by climate change. Within plant communities, soil spatial heterogeneity can potentially buffer the effects of plant freezing stress by increasing the availability of soil microsites that function as microrefugia. Moreover, increased species richness resulting from soil heterogeneity can increase the likelihood of stress‐tolerant species being present in a community. We used a field experiment to examine interactions between soil heterogeneity and increased freezing intensity (achieved via snow removal) on plant abundance and diversity in a grassland. Patches of topsoil were mixed with either sand or woodchips to create heterogeneous and homogeneous treatments, and plant community responses to snow removal were assessed over three growing seasons. Soil heterogeneity interacted significantly with snow removal, but it either buffered or exacerbated the snow removal response depending on the specific substrate (sand vs. woodchips) and plant functional group. In turn, snow removal influenced plant responses to soil heterogeneity; for example, adventive forb cover responded to increased heterogeneity under ambient snow cover, but this effect diminished with snow removal. Our results reveal that soil heterogeneity can play an important role in determining plant responses to changes in soil freezing stress resulting from global climate change. While the deliberate creation of soil microsites in ecological restoration projects as a land management practice could increase the frequency of microrefugia that mitigate plant community responses to increased freezing stress, the design of these microsites must be optimized, given that soil heterogeneity also has the potential to exacerbate freezing stress responses.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Formation of Small Gold Nanoparticle Chains with High NIR Extinction through Bridging with Calcium Ions (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In: Langmuir
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-26
    Description: Langmuir DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03639
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 3
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    Interactions between soil heterogeneity and freezing: Implications for grassland plant diversity and relative species abundances (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Plant stress resulting from soil freezing is expected to increase in northern temperate regions over the next century due to reductions in snow cover caused by climate change. Soil spatial heterogeneity can buffer the effects of plant freezing stress by increasing the availability of soil microsites that function as microrefugia. While the deliberate creation of soil microsites in ecological restoration projects could increase the frequency of microrefugia that mitigate plant community responses to increased freezing stress, the design of these microsites must be optimized, given that soil heterogeneity also has the potential to exacerbate freezing stress responses. Abstract Plant stress resulting from soil freezing is expected to increase in northern temperate regions over the next century due to reductions in snow cover caused by climate change. Within plant communities, soil spatial heterogeneity can potentially buffer the effects of plant freezing stress by increasing the availability of soil microsites that function as microrefugia. Moreover, increased species richness resulting from soil heterogeneity can increase the likelihood of stress‐tolerant species being present in a community. We used a field experiment to examine interactions between soil heterogeneity and increased freezing intensity (achieved via snow removal) on plant abundance and diversity in a grassland. Patches of topsoil were mixed with either sand or woodchips to create heterogeneous and homogeneous treatments, and plant community responses to snow removal were assessed over three growing seasons. Soil heterogeneity interacted significantly with snow removal, but it either buffered or exacerbated the snow removal response depending on the specific substrate (sand vs. woodchips) and plant functional group. In turn, snow removal influenced plant responses to soil heterogeneity; for example, adventive forb cover responded to increased heterogeneity under ambient snow cover, but this effect diminished with snow removal. Our results reveal that soil heterogeneity can play an important role in determining plant responses to changes in soil freezing stress resulting from global climate change. While the deliberate creation of soil microsites in ecological restoration projects as a land management practice could increase the frequency of microrefugia that mitigate plant community responses to increased freezing stress, the design of these microsites must be optimized, given that soil heterogeneity also has the potential to exacerbate freezing stress responses.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    The Draft Assembly of the Radically Organized Stylonychia lemnae Macronuclear Genome (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-13
    Description: Stylonychia lemnae is a classical model single-celled eukaryote, and a quintessential ciliate typified by dimorphic nuclei: A small, germline micronucleus and a massive, vegetative macronucleus. The genome within Stylonychia ’s macronucleus has a very unusual architecture, comprised variably and highly amplified "nanochromosomes," each usually encoding a single gene with a minimal amount of surrounding noncoding DNA. As only a tiny fraction of the Stylonychia genes has been sequenced, and to promote research using this organism, we sequenced its macronuclear genome. We report the analysis of the 50.2-Mb draft S. lemnae macronuclear genome assembly, containing in excess of 16,000 complete nanochromosomes, assembled as less than 20,000 contigs. We found considerable conservation of fundamental genomic properties between S. lemnae and its close relative, Oxytricha trifallax , including nanochromosomal gene synteny, alternative fragmentation, and copy number. Protein domain searches in Stylonychia revealed two new telomere-binding protein homologs and the presence of linker histones. Among the diverse histone variants of S. lemnae and O. trifallax , we found divergent, coexpressed variants corresponding to four of the five core nucleosomal proteins (H1.2, H2A.6, H2B.4, and H3.7) suggesting that these ciliates may possess specialized nucleosomes involved in genome processing during nuclear differentiation. The assembly of the S. lemnae macronuclear genome demonstrates that largely complete, well-assembled highly fragmented genomes of similar size and complexity may be produced from one library and lane of Illumina HiSeq 2000 shotgun sequencing. The provision of the S. lemnae macronuclear genome sets the stage for future detailed experimental studies of chromatin-mediated, RNA-guided developmental genome rearrangements.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    AIDS. Resource needs for HIV/AIDS (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartlander, B -- Stover, J -- Walker, N -- Bollinger, L -- Gutierrez, J P -- McGreevey, W -- Opuni, M -- Forsythe, S -- Kumaranayake, L -- Watts, C -- Bertozzi, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 29;292(5526):2434-6. Epub 2001 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Geneva, Switzerland. schwartlanderb@unaids.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/therapy ; Africa South of the Sahara ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Developed Countries/economics ; Developing Countries/economics ; Female ; Financing, Organized ; *Global Health ; HIV Infections/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & control/therapy ; Health Care Costs ; *Health Expenditures ; *Health Resources ; Health Services/economics ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Food systems: Healthy diet sustains the environment too (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nesheim, Malden -- Stover, Patrick J -- Oria, Maria -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 18;522(7556):287. doi: 10.1038/522287b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. ; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and American Society for Nutrition, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. ; The National Academies, Washington DC, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26085264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Diet ; Federal Government ; Food Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Food Supply ; *Health ; Humans ; *Nutrition Policy/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    The global impact of scaling up HIV/AIDS prevention programs in low- and middle-income countries (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-04
    Description: A strong, global commitment to expanded prevention programs targeted at sexual transmission and transmission among injecting drug users, started now, could avert 28 million new HIV infections between 2005 and 2015. This figure is more than half of the new infections that might otherwise occur during that period in 125 low- and middle-income countries. Although preventing these new infections would require investing about U.S.$122 billion over this period, it would reduce future needs for treatment and care. Our analysis suggests that it will cost about U.S.$3900 to prevent each new infection, but that this will produce a savings of U.S.$4700 in forgone treatment and care costs. Thus, greater spending on prevention now would not only prevent more than half the new infections that would occur from 2005 to 2015 but would actually produce a net financial saving as future costs for treatment and care are averted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stover, John -- Bertozzi, Stefano -- Gutierrez, Juan-Pablo -- Walker, Neff -- Stanecki, Karen A -- Greener, Robert -- Gouws, Eleanor -- Hankins, Catherine -- Garnett, Geoff P -- Salomon, Joshua A -- Boerma, J Ties -- De Lay, Paul -- Ghys, Peter D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1474-6. Epub 2006 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Futures Group/Constella, Glastonbury, CT 06033, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics/*prevention & control ; Adult ; Child ; Cost Savings ; Developing Countries/economics ; Female ; Global Health ; HIV Infections/economics/*prevention & control ; Health Care Costs ; Health Policy ; Humans ; *Income ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/economics/prevention & control ; Preventive Health Services/*economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Charged Gold Nanoparticles with Essentially Zero Serum Protein Adsorption in Undiluted Fetal Bovine Serum (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-16
    Description: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/ja400701c
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 9
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    Folate rescues vitamin B12 depletion-induced inhibition of nuclear thymidylate biosynthesis and genome instability [Physiology] (2017)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-17
    Description: Clinical vitamin B12 deficiency can result in megaloblastic anemia, which results from the inhibition of DNA synthesis by trapping folate cofactors in the form of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF) and subsequent inhibition of de novo thymidylate (dTMP) biosynthesis. In the cytosol, vitamin B12 functions in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine, which...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Erythritol is a pentose-phosphate pathway metabolite and associated with adiposity gain in young adults [Medical Sciences] (2017)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-24
    Description: Metabolomic markers associated with incident central adiposity gain were investigated in young adults. In a 9-mo prospective study of university freshmen (n = 264). Blood samples and anthropometry measurements were collected in the first 3 d on campus and at the end of the year. Plasma from individuals was pooled...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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