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  • Male  (81)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (81)
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1995-1999
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  • 1980-1984
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  • 1986  (81)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (81)
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Physics
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (81)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: A strain of pigs bearing three immunogenetically defined lipoprotein-associated markers (allotypes), designated Lpb5, Lpr1, and Lpu1, has marked hypercholesterolemia on a low fat, cholesterol-free diet. Unlike individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia or WHHL rabbits, the affected pigs have normal low density lipoprotein receptor activity. The animals, by 7 months of age, have extensive atherosclerotic lesions in all three coronary arteries. This strain of pig represents an animal model for atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia associated with mutations affecting the structures of plasma lipoproteins. One of the variant apolipoproteins, Lpb5, is apolipoprotein-B. A second variant apolipoprotein (Lpr1), termed apo-R, is a 23-kilodalton protein present in both the very low density (d less than 1.006 g/ml) and the very high density (d greater than 1.21 g/ml) fractions of pig plasma. Isoforms of this protein correlate with two Lpr alleles, Lpr1 and Lpr2. The Lpr genes segregate independently of the Lpb5 and Lpu1 alleles. The Lpu1 allotype is a component of low density lipoprotein and is genetically linked to Lpb5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapacz, J -- Hasler-Rapacz, J -- Taylor, K M -- Checovich, W J -- Attie, A D -- AG05-856/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HL30594/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1573-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3787263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/genetics ; Arteriosclerosis/blood/*genetics ; Cholesterol/blood ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Genotype ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*genetics ; Immunologic Tests ; Lipoproteins/blood/*genetics ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood/genetics ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood/genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Receptors, LDL/metabolism ; Swine
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1986-02-14
    Description: Human papillomavirus DNA has been detected in the semen of three patients, two of whom have severe chronic wart disease. These data support the contention that sexual transmission of human papillomavirus DNA could occur via semen, a possibility suggested by epidemiological data on the sexual transmission of human papillomavirus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostrow, R S -- Zachow, K R -- Niimura, M -- Okagaki, T -- Muller, S -- Bender, M -- Faras, A J -- CA 25462/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 14;231(4739):731-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Viral/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Papillomaviridae/*isolation & purification ; Semen/*microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/*microbiology/transmission ; Warts/*microbiology/transmission
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: The Syrian cardiomyopathic hamster has a hereditary disease in which a progressive myocardial necrosis mimics human forms of cardiac hypertrophy. Lesions are associated with calcium overload and can be prevented with the calcium antagonist verapamil. Numbers of receptor binding sites for calcium antagonists in heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle were markedly increased in cardiomyopathic hamsters. The uptake of calcium-45 into brain synaptosomes was also increased in cardiomyopathic hamsters. The increase in calcium antagonist receptors and related voltage-sensitive calcium channels may be involved in the pathogenesis of this cardiomyopathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagner, J A -- Reynolds, I J -- Weisman, H F -- Dudeck, P -- Weisfeldt, M L -- Snyder, S H -- HL-17655/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MH-18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism/physiopathology ; *Brain Chemistry ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*physiopathology ; Cricetinae ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Heart/physiopathology ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Muscle, Smooth/analysis/metabolism ; Muscles/*analysis/metabolism/physiopathology ; Myocardium/*analysis/metabolism ; Nifedipine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Nitrendipine ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*analysis/metabolism/physiology ; Synaptosomes/metabolism ; Verapamil/metabolism
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: Y-chromosomal DNA is present in the genomes of most human XX males. In these cases, maleness is probably due to the presence of the Y-encoded testis-determining factor (TDF). By means of in situ hybridization of a probe (pDP105) detecting Y-specific DNA to metaphases from three XX males, it was demonstrated that the Y DNA is located on the tip of the short arm of an X chromosome. This finding supports the hypothesis that XX maleness is frequently the result of transfer of Y DNA, including TDF, to a paternally derived X chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andersson, M -- Page, D C -- de la Chapelle, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):786-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/*genetics ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/cytology ; Male ; Metaphase ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *X Chromosome ; *Y Chromosome
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):155-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Chickens ; Genes ; Humans ; Language Development ; Male ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: In human right atria obtained from 21 patients during open-heart surgery, beta-adrenoceptor density [assessed by iodine-125-labeled (-)-cyanopindolol binding] and responsiveness (positive inotropic responses to isoprenaline) were linearly related to the beta-adrenoceptor density in the corresponding circulating lymphocytes. This direct relation of human myocardial and lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor alterations, therefore, makes it possible to monitor drug- or disease-induced beta-adrenoceptor changes in tissues not easily accessible in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brodde, O E -- Kretsch, R -- Ikezono, K -- Zerkowski, H R -- Reidemeister, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1584-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1986-06-27
    Description: Age-associated increases in collagen cross-linking and accumulation of advanced glycosylation products are both accelerated by diabetes, suggesting that glucose-derived cross-link formation may contribute to the development of chronic diabetic complications as well as certain physical changes of aging. Aminoguanidine, a nucleophilic hydrazine compound, prevented both the formation of fluorescent advanced nonenzymatic glycosylation products and the formation of glucose-derived collagen cross-links in vitro. Aminoguanidine administration to rats was equally effective in preventing diabetes-induced formation of fluorescent advanced nonenzymatic glycosylation products and cross-linking of arterial wall connective tissue protein in vivo. The identification of aminoguanidine as an inhibitor of advanced nonenzymatic glycosylation product formation now makes possible precise experimental definition of the pathogenetic significance of this process and suggests a potential clinical role for aminoguanidine in the future treatment of chronic diabetic complications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brownlee, M -- Vlassara, H -- Kooney, A -- Ulrich, P -- Cerami, A -- AM 19655/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- R01-AM 33861/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 27;232(4758):1629-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3487117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteries/*drug effects/metabolism ; Collagen/metabolism ; Connective Tissue/drug effects/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Guanidines/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1986-03-07
    Description: A sensitive radioimmunoassay for atrial natriuretic peptide was used to examine the relation between circulating atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac filling pressure in normal human subjects, in patients with cardiovascular disease and normal cardiac filling pressure, and in patients with cardiovascular disease and elevated cardiac filling pressure with and without congestive heart failure. The present studies establish a normal range for atrial natriuretic peptide in normal human subjects. These studies also establish that elevated cardiac filling pressure is associated with increased circulating concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and that congestive heart failure is not characterized by a deficiency in atrial natriuretic peptide, but with its elevation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnett, J C Jr -- Kao, P C -- Hu, D C -- Heser, D W -- Heublein, D -- Granger, J P -- Opgenorth, T J -- Reeder, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2935937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Female ; Heart Failure/*blood ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Easton, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 14;231(4743):1235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; *Perfume ; Rats ; *Sexual Behavior
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1986-03-07
    Description: Several molecular theories of aging postulate that there are age-dependent changes in gene expression and that these changes contribute to the reduction in the viability of senescent cells. High-resolution, semiautomated, quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of many soluble proteins was used to test this hypothesis in Drosophila. Two-dimensional protein gel patterns were analyzed for each of three age groups of [(35)S]methionine-labeled adult male Drosophila melanogaster, which, except for their spermatocytes, consist entirely of fixed postmitotic cells. Seven relatively abundant polypeptides expressed in middle-aged (28-day-old) flies were absent in both young(10-day-old) and old (44-day-old) flies. Quantitative analyses of an additional 100 polypeptides were carried out by computer-assisted microdensitometry of fluorograms of the gel preparations. These analyses revealed a significant age-related heterogeneity in the quantitative distribution of radiolabel in these proteins. The data indicate that the qualitative pattern of gene expression is identical in young and old flies, but that profound quantitative changes occur in the expression of proteins during the Drosophila life-span.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleming, J E -- Quattrocki, E -- Latter, G -- Miquel, J -- Marcuson, R -- Zuckerkandl, E -- Bensch, K G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1157-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3080809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 1986-05-02
    Description: Cardiocytes in the atria contain a prohormone that gives rise to atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP's), which have intrinsic hemodynamic regulatory activity. The distribution of ANP's in the brain suggests the involvement of these peptides in central cardiovascular regulation. In conscious rats with chronic indwelling catheters, volume loading with isotonic saline or glucose increased the amount of circulating immunoreactive ANP's by a factor of 4 to 5, as determined by radioimmunoassay. Hyperosmotic challenge with a hypertonic NaCl solution or anesthesia with halothane caused similar increases in plasma ANP's. Results obtained with the denervated-heart preparation indicate that neuronal influences are important in the release of ANP's induced by volume loading. As judged from reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of extracted plasma and radioimmunoassay of collected fractions, the circulating physiologically important ANP's in the conscious rodent appear to be alpha-rANP(5-28) (atriopeptin III) and either alpha-rANP(3-28) [ANF(8-33)] or alpha-rANP(1-28) (ANF).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eskay, R -- Zukowska-Grojec, Z -- Haass, M -- Dave, J R -- Zamir, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 2;232(4750):636-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2938258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anesthesia ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/blood/isolation & purification/physiology/*secretion ; Blood Volume ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Consciousness/physiology ; Halothane/pharmacology ; Heart/innervation ; Heart Atria/drug effects/secretion ; Male ; Osmotic Pressure ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments/isolation & purification ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: Two human T-cell leukemias carrying a t(8;14)(q24;q11) chromosome translocation were studied for rearrangements and expression of the c-myc oncogene. For one leukemia, rearrangement was detected in a region immediately distal (3') to the c-myc locus; no rearrangements of c-myc were observed in the second case (DeF). However, studies with hybrids between human and mouse leukemic T cells indicated that in the leukemic cells of DeF, the breakpoint in chromosome 14 occurred between genes for the variable (V alpha) and the constant (C alpha) regions for the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor. The C alpha locus had translocated to a region more than 38 kilobases 3' to the involved c-myc oncogene. Since human c-myc transcripts were expressed only in hybrids carrying the 8q+ chromosome but not in hybrids containing the normal chromosome 8, it is concluded that the translocation of the C alpha locus 3' to the c-myc oncogene can result in its transcriptional deregulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erikson, J -- Finger, L -- Sun, L -- ar-Rushdi, A -- Nishikura, K -- Minowada, J -- Finan, J -- Emanuel, B S -- Nowell, P C -- Croce, C M -- CA10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA25875/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA39860/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):884-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3486470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Burkitt Lymphoma/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; *T-Lymphocytes ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin were identified and measured by radioimmunoassay in human thymus extracts. Serial dilutions of extracts paralleled the appropriate standard curves. Thymus-extracted oxytocin and neurophysin eluted in the same positions as reference preparations on Sephadex G-75. Authenticity of oxytocin was confirmed by biological assay and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. In most instances, thymus contents of oxytocin and neurophysin were far greater than those expected from known circulating concentrations and declined with increasing age. The molar ratio of oxytocin to neurophysin in thymus was similar to that found in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system, which strongly suggested with the other data a local synthesis of oxytocin. These findings indicate the presence of neurohypophyseal peptides in the human thymus and further support the concept of a neuroendocrine function integrated in an immune structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geenen, V -- Legros, J J -- Franchimont, P -- Baudrihaye, M -- Defresne, M P -- Boniver, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):508-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myasthenia Gravis/physiopathology ; Neurophysins/*analysis/isolation & purification/physiology ; Oxytocin/*analysis/isolation & purification/physiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thymus Gland/*analysis/physiology/physiopathology
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harper, A E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):810-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1249-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; *Mmpi ; Male ; United States
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 3;234(4772):22-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Height/drug effects ; Child ; Female ; *Growth Hormone/biosynthesis/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/therapeutic use
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalmus, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 4;233(4759):14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3487118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Color Perception ; Color Vision Defects/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Saimiri
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):448-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Family ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: The acoustic startle response in rats shows both short-term habituation, which recovers in seconds or minutes, and long-term habituation, which is effectively permanent. Lesions of the cerebellar vermis significantly attenuated long-term habituation without affecting the short-term process or altering initial response levels. In this response system the cerebellar vermis is part of an essential circuit for long-term habituation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leaton, R N -- Supple, W F Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):513-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Cerebellum/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Habituation, Psychophysiologic/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Reflex, Startle/*physiology ; Reticular Formation/analysis/physiology
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: Acetaldehyde, the end product of oxidative ethanol metabolism, contributes to alcohol-induced disease in the liver, but cannot account for damage in organs such as the pancreas, heart, or brain, where oxidative metabolism is minimal or absent; nor can it account for the varied patterns of organ damage found in chronic alcoholics. Thus other biochemical mediators may be important in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced organ damage. Many human organs were found to metabolize ethanol through a recently described nonoxidative pathway to form fatty acid ethyl esters. Organs lacking oxidative alcohol metabolism yet frequently damaged by ethanol abuse have high fatty acid ethyl ester synthetic activities and show substantial transient accumulations of fatty acid ethyl esters. Thus nonoxidative ethanol metabolism in addition to the oxidative pathway may be important in the pathophysiology of ethanol-induced disease in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laposata, E A -- Lange, L G -- HL-30152/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Alcoholism/*metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Brain/metabolism ; Ethanol/*metabolism ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Muscles/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Oleic Acids/biosynthesis ; Organ Specificity ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pancreas/metabolism ; Testis/metabolism
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: In mammals different isoforms of myosin heavy chain are encoded by the members of a multigene family. The expression of each gene of this family is regulated in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner as well as by hormonal and various pathological stimuli. In this study the molecular basis of isoform switches induced in myosin heavy chain by thyroid hormone was investigated. The expression of the myosin heavy chain gene family was analyzed in seven different muscles of adult rats subjected to hypo- or hyperthyroidism with complementary DNA probes specific for six different myosin heavy chain genes. The results demonstrate that all six genes are responsive to thyroid hormone. More interestingly, the same myosin heavy chain gene can be regulated by thyroid hormone in highly different modes, even in opposite directions, depending on the tissue in which it is expressed. Furthermore, the skeletal embryonic and neonatal myosin heavy chain genes, so far considered specific to these two developmental stages, can be reinduced by hypothyroidism in specific adult muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Izumo, S -- Nadal-Ginard, B -- Mahdavi, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):597-600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diaphragm/drug effects/growth & development/metabolism ; Genes/*drug effects ; Heart/drug effects/growth & development ; Hyperthyroidism/metabolism ; Hypothyroidism/metabolism ; Male ; Muscle Development ; Muscles/drug effects/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Myosins/*genetics ; Rats ; Thyroid Hormones/*pharmacology
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 1986-01-10
    Description: In rat hippocampal pyramidal cells tested in situ by iontophoresis of several neurotransmitters, ethanol significantly enhanced excitatory responses to acetylcholine and inhibitory responses to somatostatin-14 but had no statistically significant effect on excitatory responses to glutamate or inhibitory responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid or, in preliminary tests, to norepinephrine or serotonin. The effects of ethanol on responses to acetylcholine and somatostatin-14 may provide insight into synaptic mechanisms underlying the behavioral consequences of ethanol intoxication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mancillas, J R -- Siggins, G R -- Bloom, F E -- AA-06420/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM-26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 10;231(4734):161-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2867600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*pharmacology ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Goldfish ; Hippocampus/*drug effects ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Somatostatin/*pharmacology ; Synaptic Membranes/drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):450-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3001937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology/transmission ; Deltaretrovirus/*pathogenicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Sex ; United States
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: The hypogonadal (hpg) mouse lacks a complete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene and consequently cannot reproduce. Introduction of an intact GnRH gene into the genome of these mutant mice resulted in complete reversal of the hypogonadal phenotype. Transgenic hpg/hpg homozygotes of both sexes were capable of mating and producing offspring. Pituitary and serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin were restored to those of normal animals. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization showed that GnRH expression was restored in the appropriate hypothalamic neurons of the transgenic hpg animals, an indication of neural-specific expression of the introduced gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mason, A J -- Pitts, S L -- Nikolics, K -- Szonyi, E -- Wilcox, J N -- Seeburg, P H -- Stewart, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1372-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3097822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Engineering ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics ; Histocytochemistry ; Hypogonadism/*genetics ; Hypothalamus/analysis/cytology ; Infertility/genetics/*therapy ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neurons/analysis ; Phenotype ; Prolactin/blood ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-09-26
    Description: Direct evidence on age patterns of infecundity and sterility cannot be obtained from contemporary populations because such large fractions of couples use contraception or have been sterilized. Instead, historical data are exploited to yield upper bounds applicable to contemporary populations on the proportions sterile at each age. Examination of recent changes in sexual behavior that may increase infecundity indicates that sexually transmitted infections, the prime candidate for hypothesized rises in infertility, are unlikely to have added to infecundity to any great extent. These results imply that a woman in a monogamous union faces only moderate increases in the probability of becoming sterile (or infecund) until her late thirties. Nevertheless, it appears that recent changes in reproductive behavior were guaranteed to result in the perception that infecundity is on the rise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Menken, J -- Trussell, J -- Larsen, U -- HD11720/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 26;233(4771):1389-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3755843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; *Aging ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/*epidemiology ; Infertility, Male/*epidemiology ; Male ; Marriage ; Middle Aged ; United States
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: The mechanism by which sex steroids rapidly modulate the excitability of neurons was investigated by intracellular recording of neurons in rat medial amygdala brain slices. Brief hyperpolarization and increased potassium conductance were produced by 17 beta-estradiol. This effect persisted after elimination of synaptic input and after suppression of protein synthesis. Thus, 17 beta-estradiol directly changes the ionic conductance of the postsynaptic membrane of medial amygdala neurons. In addition, a greater proportion of the neurons from females than from males responded to 17 beta-estradiol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nabekura, J -- Oomura, Y -- Minami, T -- Mizuno, Y -- Fukuda, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):226-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/*drug effects ; Animals ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-10-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):415-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/classification/epidemiology/*transmission ; Arbovirus Infections/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):818-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; *Military Medicine ; United States
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-11-21
    Description: Cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported in countries throughout the world. Initial surveillance studies in Central Africa suggest an annual incidence of AIDS of 550 to 1000 cases per million adults. The male to female ratio of cases is 1:1, with age- and sex-specific rates greater in females less than 30 years of age and greater in males over age 40. Clinically, AIDS in Africans is often characterized by a diarrhea-wasting syndrome, opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, and cryptosporidiosis, or disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma. From 1 to 18% of healthy blood donors and pregnant women and as many as 27 to 88% of female prostitutes have antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The present annual incidence of infection is approximately 0.75% among the general population of Central and East Africa. The disease is transmitted predominantly by heterosexual activity, parenteral exposure to blood transfusions and unsterilized needles, and perinatally from infected mothers to their newborns, and will continue to spread rapidly where economic and cultural factors favor these modes of transmission. Prevention and control of HIV infection through educational programs and blood bank screening should be an immediate public health priority for all African countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quinn, T C -- Mann, J M -- Curran, J W -- Piot, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):955-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3022379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/history/transmission ; Africa ; Age Factors ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Blood Transfusion ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Opportunistic Infections/complications ; Pregnancy ; Prostitution ; Retroviridae/isolation & purification ; Risk ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology ; Sex Factors ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 28;234(4780):1076-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; H-Y Antigen/genetics ; Humans ; Lizards ; Male ; Mice ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; *Y Chromosome
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-11-21
    Description: Issues regarding the use of epidemiology in drug abuse research are discussed and systems for monitoring national trends and identifying risk factors are described. Data indicate a general decline in marijuana use among youth, a cohort aging effect among heroin and marijuana users, and increased prevalence and health consequences associated with cocaine use.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kozel, N J -- Adams, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):970-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3490691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cocaine ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; Heroin ; Humans ; Male ; Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Risk ; Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: In the adult castrated male rat, exposure to inescapable, intermittent electroshocks inhibited the pulsatile pattern of luteinizing hormone release and markedly lowered its plasma concentrations. The central administration of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist alpha-helical ovine CRF residues 9 to 41 reversed the inhibitory action of stress. Neither its peripheral injection, nor the intraventricular injection of the inactive CRF analog des-Glu to Arg ovine CRF was effective. These results suggest that endogenous CRF may mediate some deleterious effects of noxious stimuli on reproduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, C -- Rivier, J -- Vale, W -- AA03504/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD13527/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):607-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/physiology ; Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Female ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Rats ; *Reproduction/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 1986-08-08
    Description: The MH-3 gene, which contains a homeo box that is expressed specifically in the adult testis, was identified and mapped to mouse chromosome 6. By means of in situ hybridization with adult testis sections and Northern blot hybridization with testis RNA from prepuberal mice and from Sl/Sld mutant mice, it was demonstrated that this gene is expressed in male germ cells during late meiosis. In the embryo, MH-3 transcripts were present at day 11.5 post coitum, a stage in mouse development when gonadal differentiation has not yet occurred. The MH-3 gene may have functions in spermatogenesis and embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, M R -- Toth, L E -- Patel, M D -- D'Eustachio, P -- Nguyen-Huu, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):663-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/genetics ; Drosophila ; Embryo, Mammalian/*metabolism ; *Embryo, Nonmammalian ; *Genes ; Male ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Spermatocytes/*metabolism ; Spermatogenesis
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: The adrenergic control of glucose homeostasis is mediated in part through variations in the release of pancreatic hormones. In this study, purified pancreatic A and B cells were used to identify the recognition and messenger units involved in the adrenergic regulation of glucagon and insulin release. Catecholamines induced beta-adrenergic receptor activity in A cells and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor activity in B cells. The two recognition units provoked opposite variations in the production of cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, the beta-adrenergic unit enhancing the nucleotide's permissive effect on amino acid-induced glucagon release and the alpha 2-adrenergic unit inhibiting that upon glucose-induced insulin release. In both cell types, catecholamines interact powerfully with the synergistic control of hormone release by nutrient- and (neuro)hormone-driven messenger systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuit, F C -- Pipeleers, D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):875-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2871625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP/analysis ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Glucagon/secretion ; Insulin/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/analysis/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: Ethanol, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations of 20 to 100 mM, stimulates gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) receptor-mediated uptake of 36Cl-labeled chlorine into isolated brain vesicles. One drug that acts at GABA-benzodiazepine receptors, the imidazobenzodiazepine Ro15-4513, has been found to be a potent antagonist of ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake into brain vesicles, but it fails to antagonize either pentobarbital- or muscimol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake. Pretreatment of rats with Ro15-4513 blocks the anticonflict activity of low doses of ethanol (but not pentobarbital) as well as the behavioral intoxication observed with higher doses of ethanol. The effects of Ro15-4513 in antagonizing ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake and behavior are completely blocked by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists. However, other benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists fail to antagonize the actions of ethanol in vitro or in vivo, suggesting a novel interaction of Ro15-4513 with the GABA receptor-coupled chloride ion channel complex. The identification of a selective benzodiazepine antagonist of ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake in vitro that blocks the anxiolytic and intoxicating actions of ethanol suggests that many of the neuropharmacologic actions of ethanol may be mediated via central GABA receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzdak, P D -- Glowa, J R -- Crawley, J N -- Schwartz, R D -- Skolnick, P -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1243-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3022383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety/drug effects ; Azides/*pharmacology ; Benzodiazepines/*pharmacology ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Ethanol/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Flumazenil/pharmacology ; Male ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects ; Synaptosomes/drug effects
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: A rod-shaped bacterium has been isolated that kills male eggs of the wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a pupal parasite of flies. Only some wasps of this species express this son-killer trait, and these wasps have bacterial infections in various organs. The bacterium was isolated from son-killer wasp tissue and from the hemolymph of fly pupae parasitized by wasps expressing the son-killer trait. Bacteria are apparently transferred to parasitized fly pupae during wasp oviposition, and developing wasp offspring are subsequently infected perorally. Sex-ratio distortion by microorganisms is found in a variety of plants and animals. The infectious peroral transmission of this trait variety of plants and animals. The infectious peroral transmission of this trait is in contrast to the typical pattern of cytoplasmic inheritance of sex-ratio distortion in these other systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werren, J H -- Skinner, S W -- Huger, A M -- 5 T32 6MO7131/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):990-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; Female ; Hemolymph/microbiology ; Hymenoptera/*microbiology ; Male ; Ovum/microbiology ; Sex Factors ; Wasps/*microbiology
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 1986-01-17
    Description: Alterations of c-myc, c-rasHa, or c-myb oncogenes were found in more than one-third of human solid tumors. Amplification of c-myc occurred in advanced, widespread tumors or in aggressive primary tumors. Apparent allelic deletions of c-rasHa and c-myb can be correlated with progression and metastasis of carcinomas and sarcomas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yokota, J -- Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Y -- Battifora, H -- Le Fevre, C -- Cline, M J -- CA15619/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 17;231(4735):261-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Child ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Oncogenes ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Sarcoma/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linke, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 17;231(4735):203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*transmission ; Circumcision, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: The kappa opioid agonists are analgesics that seem to be free of undesired morphine-like effects. Their dysphoric actions observed with the kappa agonist cyclazocine are thought to be mediated by an action at sigma-phencyclidine receptors. The benzomorphan kappa agonist MR 2033 is inactive at sigma-phencyclidine receptors. In male subjects, the opiate-active (-)-isomer, but not the (+)-isomer, elicited dose-dependent dysphoric and psychotomimetic effects that were antagonized by naloxone. Thus, kappa opiate receptors seem to mediate psychotomimetic effects. In view of the euphorigenic properties of mu agonists, our results imply the existence of opposed opioid systems affecting emotional and perceptual experiences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfeiffer, A -- Brantl, V -- Herz, A -- Emrich, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3016896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anxiety ; Benzomorphans/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morphinans/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Personality Tests ; Phencyclidine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects/*physiology ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: Male eastern red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) under controlled laboratory conditions exhibit unimodal magnetic compass orientation either in a trained compass direction or in the direction of their home pond. If the vertical component of the magnetic field is inverted, newts exhibiting the simple-compass response undergo a 180 degree reversal in orientation, whereas newts orienting in the home direction are unaffected by this treatment. These results indicate that newts use an axial compass mechanism for simple-compass orientation similar to that found in migrating birds. However, a distinct magnetoreception pathway with polar response properties is involved in homing and is possibly linked in some way to the navigational map.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, J B -- 5T32MHI5793/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-19089/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):765-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Locomotion ; *Magnetics ; Male ; Salamandridae/*physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD) is a highly toxic contaminant produced in the manufacture of phenoxy herbicides. Despite its high TCDD content, soil from a contaminated area associated with a 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) manufacturing site in Newark, New Jersey, did not induce acute toxicity when administered to guinea pigs (the most sensitive species) by gavage. Analysis of liver samples demonstrated low bioavailability of TCDD from this soil. A comparative analysis of soils showed that Soxhlet extraction was necessary for the determination of TCDD on Newark soil, whereas solvent extraction was sufficient for soil from Times Beach, Missouri. The difference in the bioavailability of TCDD from these soils is correlated with TCDD extractability and may be related to the different compositions of the soils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Umbreit, T H -- Hesse, E J -- Gallo, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*chemical synthesis ; Animals ; Benzofurans/analysis ; Biological Availability ; *Chemical Industry ; Dioxins/analysis/*metabolism ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; New Jersey ; Soil/analysis ; *Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analysis/*metabolism/toxicity
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-08-29
    Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the proliferation of various mammalian cells in culture, but its physiological role is not well defined. In mature male mice, large amounts of EGF are produced in the submandibular gland; it is present in the circulation at approximately 5 nanograms of EGF per milliliter of plasma. Sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) decreased the amount of circulating EGF to an undetectable level but did not affect the circulating levels of testosterone or follicle-stimulating hormone. The number of mature sperm in the epididymis decreased by as much as 55 percent; the number of spermatids in the testis decreased by 40 to 50 percent; and the number of spermatocytes increased by about 20 percent. Administration of EGF to sialoadenectomized mice restored both the sperm content of the epididymis and the number of spermatids in the testis to normal. Thus, EGF may play a role in male reproductive function by stimulating the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsutsumi, O -- Kurachi, H -- Oka, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 29;233(4767):975-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3090686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology/*physiology ; Epididymis/drug effects/physiology ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/physiology ; Genitalia, Male/*physiology ; Luteinizing Hormone/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Sexual Maturation ; Sperm Count/drug effects ; Spermatogenesis/drug effects ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Submandibular Gland/physiology ; Testis/drug effects
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):159-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genes ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/*genetics ; Humans ; Male
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Motulsky, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 10;231(4734):126-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3510453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arteriosclerosis/therapy ; Cholesterol/blood/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics/therapy ; Lipoproteins/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; *Nobel Prize ; Receptors, LDL/genetics ; United States
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: A semisterile male translocation heterozygote [t(2; 14) 1Gso] that exhibited neurological symptoms and an inability to swim (diver) was found among the offspring of male mice treated with triethylenemelamine. All breeding and cytogenetic data showed a complete concordance between translocation heterozygosity and the neurological disorders. Homozygosity for the translocation seemed to be lethal at an early embryonic stage. Despite the distinctive neurologic symptoms, no anatomic or histological defects in either the ear or in the central nervous system were observed. Thus, a balanced chromosomal translocation can produce disease with an inheritance pattern that mimics a single dominant gene defect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutledge, J C -- Cain, K T -- Cacheiro, N L -- Cornett, C V -- Wright, C G -- Generoso, W M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):395-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants/*genetics ; Muscular Dystrophies/genetics ; *Translocation, Genetic ; Triethylenemelamine/pharmacology
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Whether growth hormone stimulates longitudinal bone growth by a direct effect at the site of the growth plate or indirectly by increasing the concentration of circulating somatomedins (insulin-like growth factors) has been the subject of controversy. Immunohistochemical methods were used to explore the localization and distribution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) immunoreactivity in the epiphyseal growth plate of the proximal tibia of male rats. Cells in the proliferative zone of the growth plate of normal rats exhibited a bright immunofluorescence, whereas cells in the germinal and hypertrophic zones stained only weakly. In rats subjected to hypophysectomy, the number of fluorescent cells was markedly reduced. When the hypophysectomized rats were treated with growth hormone, either systemically or at the site of the growth plate, the number of IGF-I-immunoreactive cells in the proliferative zone was increased. The results show that IGF-I is produced in proliferative chondrocytes in the growth plate and that the number of IGF-I-containing cells is directly regulated by growth hormone. These findings suggest that IGF-I has a specific role in the clonal expansion of differentiated chondrocytes and exerts its function locally through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nilsson, A -- Isgaard, J -- Lindahl, A -- Dahlstrom, A -- Skottner, A -- Isaksson, O G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3523759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Growth Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Growth Plate/*cytology/drug effects/growth & development ; Hypophysectomy ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatomedins/*physiology ; Tibia
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Animals ; Ethylene Oxide/*toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Risk ; *Teratogens ; United States ; United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: When a male Sierra dome spider (Linyphia litigiosa) encounters a virgin female that has been sexually mature for 7 to 10 days, he rapidly packs the silk of her web into a tight mass. This behavior hinders evaporation of a male-attractant chemical that such highly receptive females apply to their webs. The male thereby reduces the likelihood that his mating partner will attract rival males.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, P J -- 5T32MH15793/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Sex Attractants/*physiology ; Spiders/*physiology
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-09-12
    Description: Can animal mating systems result in the choice of mates carrying genotypes that are otherwise favored by natural selection? This question is addressed by studying, in natural populations of Colias butterflies, how the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) enzyme genotype of males mating Colias females varies with degree of female mate discrimination. Certain PGI genotypes (as predicted from their biochemical properties) have been found previously to have an advantage in diverse fitness-related properties: flight capacity, survivorship, and overall mating success. It is shown here that males of these same genotypes have even greater advantage in remating older, more discriminating females than they do in mating previously unmated, less discriminating females. Assortative mating is not found and thus cannot explain this effect. The mating system of these insects does, at least in this case, result in active female choice of generally favorable male genotypes as mates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watt, W B -- Carter, P A -- Donohue, K -- GM 26758/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 12;233(4769):1187-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Butterflies/genetics/*physiology ; Courtship ; Female ; Genotype ; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/physiology ; Lepidoptera/*physiology ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: Lymphocytes bearing the CD8 marker were shown to suppress replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The effect was dose-dependent and most apparent with autologous lymphocytes; it did not appear to be mediated by a cytotoxic response. This suppression of HIV replication could be demonstrated by the addition of CD8+ cells at the initiation of virus production as well as after several weeks of virus replication by cultured cells. The observations suggest a potential approach to therapy in which autologous CD8 lymphocytes could be administered to individuals to inhibit HIV replication and perhaps progression of disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, C M -- Moody, D J -- Stites, D P -- Levy, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1563-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/therapy ; Antigens, Surface ; Cells, Cultured ; HIV/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; *Virus Replication
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: Protein kinase C activity in rat hippocampal membranes and cytosol was determined 1 minute and 1 hour after induction of the synaptic plasticity of long-term potentiation. At 1 hour after long-term potentiation, but not at 1 minute, protein kinase C activity was increased twofold in membranes and decreased proportionately in cytosol, suggesting translocation of the activity. This time-dependent redistribution of enzyme activity was directly related to the persistence of synaptic plasticity, suggesting a novel mechanism regulating the strength of synaptic transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akers, R F -- Lovinger, D M -- Colley, P A -- Linden, D J -- Routtenberg, A -- MH25281/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):587-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Enzyme Activation ; Hippocampus/*enzymology/physiology ; Male ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism/*physiology ; Rats ; Synaptic Membranes/enzymology ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: Dense, focal injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated-horseradish peroxidase in the locus coeruleus of rats labeled afferent neurons in unexpectedly few brain regions. Major inputs emanate from only two nuclei--the paragigantocellularis and the prepositus hypoglossi, both in the rostral medulla. The dorsal cap of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and the spinal intermediate gray are possible minor afferents to locus coeruleus. Other areas reported to project to locus coeruleus (for example, amygdala, nucleus tractus solitarius, and spinal dorsal horn) did not exhibit consistent retrograde labeling. Anterograde tracing and electrophysiologic experiments confirmed the absence of input to locus coeruleus from these areas, which instead terminate in targets adjacent to locus coeruleus. These findings redefine the anatomic organization of the locus coeruleus, and have implications for hypotheses concerning the functions of this noradrenergic brain nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aston-Jones, G -- Ennis, M -- Pieribone, V A -- Nickell, W T -- Shipley, M T -- NS20643/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS22320/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS23348/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):734-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Efferent Pathways ; Electric Stimulation ; Locus Coeruleus/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata/cytology ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/cytology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/cytology ; Wheat Germ Agglutinins
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. In the cerebral cortex, GABA-containing cells represent a subpopulation of interneurons. With semithin frozen sections, it is possible to demonstrate that most GABA neurons in the rat somatosensory cortex contain the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin and that parvalbumin is found virtually only in GABA neurons. Parvalbumin seems to influence the electrical properties and enzymatic machinery to modulate neuronal excitability and activity. The specific role of parvalbumin in GABA-containing cortical cells may be related to controlling the effectiveness of their inhibitory action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Celio, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):995-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/analysis/*cytology ; Electrophysiology ; Male ; Muscle Proteins/*analysis ; Neurons/*analysis/physiology ; Parvalbumins/*analysis ; Rats ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: The pathophysiology of anaphylaxis is very complex, and the sequelae of events are not fully explained in terms of the effects of histamine and peptide leukotrienes alone. Platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine, PAF-acether) has been detected in animals undergoing anaphylaxis. Injection of synthetic PAF-acether induces similar effects, including bronchoconstriction, respiratory arrest, systemic hypotension, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. The results reported here demonstrate that the histamine- and leukotriene-independent component of guinea pig anaphylaxis in vivo and in isolated lung parenchymal strips in vitro is mediated by PAF-acether. However, PAF-acether is not responsible for the anaphylaxis-induced thrombocytopenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Darius, H -- Lefer, D J -- Smith, J B -- Lefer, A M -- HL-25575/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):58-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3082008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine ; Alprazolam ; *Anaphylaxis ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Benzodiazepines/pharmacology ; Blood Pressure ; Diphenhydramine/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Lung/drug effects/*immunology ; Male ; Ovalbumin ; Platelet Activating Factor/*immunology ; Platelet Count/drug effects ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: The current prevalence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans has provoked renewed interest in methods of protective immunization against retrovirus-induced diseases. In this study, a vaccinia-retrovirus recombinant vector was constructed to study mechanisms of immune protection against Friend virus leukemia in mice. The envelope (env) gene from Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) was inserted into the genome of a vaccinia virus expression vector. Infected cells synthesized gp85, the glycosylated primary product of the env gene. Processing to gp70 and p15E, and cell surface localization, were similar to that occurring in cells infected with F-MuLV. Mice inoculated with live recombinant vaccinia virus had an envelope-specific T-cell proliferative response and, after challenge with Friend virus complex, developed neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and were protected against leukemia. In contrast, unimmunized and control groups developed a delayed neutralizing antibody response, but no detectable CTL, and succumbed to leukemia. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex influenced protection induced by the vaccinia recombinant but not that induced by attenuated N-tropic Friend virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Earl, P L -- Moss, B -- Morrison, R P -- Wehrly, K -- Nishio, J -- Chesebro, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):728-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3490689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens/*immunology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Friend murine leukemia virus/genetics/immunology ; *Genes, Viral ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/prevention & control ; Leukemia, Experimental/*prevention & control ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sex Factors ; Spleen/microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/*immunology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics/immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: Pineal melatonin may play an important role in regulation of vertebrate circadian rhythms and in human affective disorders. In some mammals, such as hamsters and sheep, melatonin is involved in photoperiodic time measurement and in control of reproduction. Although wild mice (Mus domesticus) and some wild-derived inbred strains of mice have melatonin in their pineal glands, several inbred strains of laboratory mice (for example, C57BL/6J) were found not to have detectable melatonin in their pineal glands. Genetic analysis suggests that melatonin deficiency in C57BL/6J mice results from mutations in two independently segregating, autosomal recessive genes. Synthesis of melatonin from serotonin in the pineal gland requires the enzymes N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Pineal glands from C57BL/6J mice have neither NAT nor HIOMT activity. These results suggest that the two genes involved in melatonin deficiency are responsible for the absence of normal NAT and HIOMT enzyme activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebihara, S -- Marks, T -- Hudson, D J -- Menaker, M -- 13162/PHS HHS/ -- FO5TW03377/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Kinetics ; Male ; Melatonin/biosynthesis/deficiency/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pineal Gland/*metabolism ; Reference Values ; Species Specificity
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: New methods were used to identify the abnormality in a patient who showed evidence of neuromuscular dysfunction on extensive clinical examination. The methods revealed that the lactate content of the patient's skeletal muscle does not decline normally after exercise and that his red cells are defective in lactate transport. These results suggest that skeletal muscle and erythrocyte membranes share the same genetic lactate transporter (or a common subunit), which is deficient in this patient. This defect may be a common cause of elevated serum creatine kinase levels, as seen in the patient described here and of unexplained episodes of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fishbein, W N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1254-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Creatine Kinase/blood ; Erythrocyte Membrane/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/analysis ; Humans ; Lactates/blood/*metabolism ; Male ; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters ; Muscular Diseases/*metabolism ; Physical Exertion
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: The incidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) was evaluated prospectively among 725 persons who were at high risk of AIDS and had enrolled before October 1982 in cohort studies of homosexual men, parenteral drug users, and hemophiliacs. A total of 276 (38.1 percent) of the subjects were either HTLV-III seropositive at enrollment or developed HTLV-III antibodies subsequently. AIDS had developed in 28 (10.1 percent) of the seropositive subjects before August 1985. By actuarial survival calculations, the 3-year incidence of AIDS among all HTLV-III seropositive subjects was 34.2 percent in the cohort of homosexual men in Manhattan, New York, and 14.9 percent (range 8.0 to 17.2 percent) in the four other cohorts. Out of 117 subjects followed for a mean of 31 months after documented seroconversion, five (all hemophiliacs) developed AIDS 28 to 62 months after the estimated date of seroconversion, supporting the hypothesis that there is a long latency between acquisition of viral infection and the development of clinical AIDS. This long latency could account for the significantly higher AIDS incidence in the New York cohort compared with other cohorts if the virus entered the New York homosexual population before it entered the populations from which the other cohorts were drawn. However, risk of AIDS development in different populations may also depend on the presence of as yet unidentified cofactors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goedert, J J -- Biggar, R J -- Weiss, S H -- Eyster, M E -- Melbye, M -- Wilson, S -- Ginzburg, H M -- Grossman, R J -- DiGioia, R A -- Sanchez, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):992-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology/physiopathology/transmission ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/*metabolism ; Denmark ; Hemophilia A/microbiology ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; New York City ; Risk ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/microbiology ; Time Factors ; United States
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 1986-09-26
    Description: The potential utility of cultured neuroblastoma cells as donor tissue for neutral implants into the mammalian brain has been examined. Cells from a human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32, were labeled with [3H]thymidine and chemically rendered amitotic. These differentiated IMR-32 cells were grafted into the hippocampi of five adult African Green monkeys, and graft survival was evaluated for up to 270 days after transplantation. Autoradiographically labeled grafted cells were identified in four animals. Processes from grafted cells could be followed for distances of up to 150 micrometers into the host brain. No evidence for neoplastic growth of the transplant was found. Thus, grafted neuroblastoma cells can survive for prolonged periods in the primate brain and may serve as a practical source of donor tissue for neural implants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gash, D M -- Notter, M F -- Okawara, S H -- Kraus, A L -- Joynt, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 26;233(4771):1420-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain/*cytology ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; DNA Replication ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neuroblastoma/*pathology ; Neurons/*transplantation ; Thymidine/metabolism ; Tritium
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):449.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Economics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Prejudice ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; United States ; *Women ; *Women, Working
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 10;231(4734):112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3001933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspirin/*adverse effects ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Male ; Maryland ; Reye Syndrome/*chemically induced ; United States
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: The genetic control of courtship song differences between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans males was investigated by producing hybrids from reciprocal crosses. The song rhythm difference between the parental species appears to be due to sex-linked genes, whereas the basic interpulse-interval difference is autosomally inherited. Hybrid females show selective preferences for artificially generated songs carrying intermediate "hybrid" characteristics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kyriacou, C P -- Hall, J C -- GM 21473/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3083506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Communication ; Animals ; *Courtship ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Species Specificity
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: A 70 percent reduction in the rate of blood flow through the common carotid artery in rabbits caused a 21 percent decrease in the diameter of this artery within 2 weeks. The smooth muscle relaxant papaverine did not attenuate the response; therefore, such reductions in diameter probably reflect a structural modification of the arterial wall rather than sustained contraction of smooth muscle. This arterial response to reduced blood flow was abolished when the endothelium was removed from the vessels. It appears that the endothelium is essential for the compensatory arterial response to long-term changes in luminal blood flow rates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langille, B L -- O'Donnell, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):405-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteries/*pathology/physiopathology/ultrastructure ; *Blood Circulation ; Blood Platelets/physiopathology ; Carotid Arteries/pathology/physiopathology ; Endothelium/pathology/physiopathology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology/physiopathology ; Octoxynol ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Rabbits
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alpher, V S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 18;232(4748):307.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Male ; *Psychosexual Development ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):541-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3020689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Herpesviridae ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Infectious Mononucleosis/microbiology ; Male ; Nevada ; Syndrome ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: The specific inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), although relatively nontoxic in adult mice, induces severe glutathione depletion and age-specific pathological changes when repeatedly administered to male suckling mice. Dense cataracts developed when mice aged 9 to 12 days were given a series of injections of L-BSO, despite excellent survival and the absence of other significant long-term effects. By contrast, similar treatment of mice aged 14 to 17 days, although slightly less effective in reducing glutathione levels, resulted frequently in death, hind-leg paralysis, or impaired spermatogenesis, but did not produce cataracts. Administration of L-BSO to preweanling mice provides a novel model system for the induction of cataracts by depletion of lens glutathione and may enable the study of critical functions of glutathione in the lens and other growing tissues during early postnatal development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Calvin, H I -- Medvedovsky, C -- Worgul, B V -- EY-02648/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD-17932/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):553-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Buthionine Sulfoximine ; Cataract/*chemically induced ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glutathione/analysis/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/analysis ; Lens, Crystalline/analysis ; Liver/analysis ; Male ; Methionine Sulfoximine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Mice ; Testis/analysis
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-02-14
    Description: Because infant rats learn about odors that elicit suckling, and because certain chemosensory cues that help elicit mating behavior in adults are similar to those that elicit suckling, an experiment was undertaken to assess the influence of suckling-associated odors experienced during infancy on adult sexual behavior. Rat pups lived with and suckled dams whose nipple and vaginal odors were altered with citral, a lemon scent. The rats were weaned and never exposed again, until testing, to citral or females. At about 100 days of age, the males were paired in mating tests with a normal sexually receptive female or with a sexually receptive female that had been treated perivaginally with citral immediately before testing. The males ejaculated readily when paired with citral-treated females but were slow to achieve ejaculation when paired with normal females. These findings implicate an infantile experience as a determinant of adult sexual behavior in a mammal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fillion, T J -- Blass, E M -- AM 18560/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- MH 00524/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 14;231(4739):729-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/*physiology ; Learning/physiology ; Male ; Odors ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Smell/physiology
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 1986-01-17
    Description: D2 dopamine receptors in the putamen of living human subjects were characterized by using the selective, high-affinity D2 dopamine receptor antagonist carbon-11-labeled raclopride and positron emission tomography. Experiments in four healthy men demonstrated saturability of [11C]raclopride binding to an apparently homogeneous population of sites with Hill coefficients close to unity. In the normal putamen, maximum binding ranged from 12 to 17 picomoles per cubic centimeter and dissociation constants from 3.4 to 4.7 nanomolar. Maximum binding for human putamen at autopsy was 15 picomoles per cubic centimeter. Studies of [11C]raclopride binding indicate that clinically effective doses of chemically distinct neuroleptic drugs result in 85 to 90 percent occupancy of D2 dopamine receptors in the putamen of schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farde, L -- Hall, H -- Ehrin, E -- Sedvall, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 17;231(4735):258-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2867601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/metabolism ; Benzamides/metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Putamen/metabolism ; Raclopride ; Receptors, Dopamine/*metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Rodentia ; Schizophrenia/metabolism ; *Tomography, Emission-Computed
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: A novel 56,000-dalton growth factor found in mouse salivary gland was purified, molecularly cloned, and expressed in monkey COS cells. The protein is a neurotrophic factor and also, surprisingly, a lymphokine product of lectin-stimulated T cells. The factor was therefore named neuroleukin. Neuroleukin promotes the survival in culture of a subpopulation of embryonic spinal neurons that probably includes skeletal motor neurons. Neuroleukin also supports the survival of cultured sensory neurons that are insensitive to nerve growth factor, but has no effect on sympathetic or parasympathetic neurons. The amino acid sequence of neuroleukin is partly homologous to a highly conserved region of the external envelope protein of HTLV-III/LAV, the retrovirus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurney, M E -- Heinrich, S P -- Lee, M R -- Yin, H S -- 5PO1 NS-21442/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):566-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase ; Growth Substances/genetics/*physiology ; Lymphokines/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Motor Neurons/drug effects ; Muscles/innervation ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects ; Salivary Glands/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 22;233(4766):839-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Depressive Disorder/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Research ; Sex Factors ; Suicide/*prevention & control/psychology
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-04-18
    Description: Sex steroid hormones have been thought to alter behaviors in adulthood by changing the activity of neural circuits rather than by inducing major structural changes in these pathways. In a group of androgen-sensitive motoneurons that mediate male copulatory functions, decreases in androgen levels after castration of adult rats produced dramatic structural changes, decreasing both the dendritic length and soma size of these motoneurons. These changes were reversed by androgen replacement. These results imply a surprising degree of synaptic plasticity in adult motoneurons and suggest that normal changes in androgen levels in adulthood are associated with significant alterations in the structure and function of these neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurz, E M -- Sengelaub, D R -- Arnold, A P -- HD15021/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS07355-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 18;232(4748):395-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/pharmacology/*physiology ; Animals ; Castration ; Dendrites/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Motor Neurons/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology ; Testosterone/pharmacology
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: Mammalian cell lines have been engineered to produce a secreted form of the AIDS retrovirus envelope glycoprotein. The recombinant protein has been isolated from growth-conditioned culture media and used to immunize animals. Antibodies directed against the recombinant molecule were found to react with the envelope glycoprotein produced in virus-infected cells. Furthermore, these antibodies were able to directly inactivate the AIDS retrovirus in a neutralization assay in vitro. The expression system reported here should provide sufficient quantities of the AIDS retrovirus envelope protein for biological and vaccination studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lasky, L A -- Groopman, J E -- Fennie, C W -- Benz, P M -- Capon, D J -- Dowbenko, D J -- Nakamura, G R -- Nunes, W M -- Renz, M E -- Berman, P W -- HL 33774-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):209-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*immunology ; Antigens, Viral/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Cricetinae ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV Antibodies ; HIV Antigens ; Humans ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Male ; Neutralization Tests ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Viral Vaccines/immunology
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):282-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Africa ; Animals ; Deltaretrovirus/pathogenicity ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Rabbits ; United States
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheney, D -- Seyfarth, R -- Smuts, B -- NH 19826/NH/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1361-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3538419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cognition ; Female ; Male ; Pair Bond ; Primates/*physiology ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance ; Social Perception
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1986-07-18
    Description: The etiological agent of AIDS, LAV/HTLV-III, is common in Central Africa but is not endemic in other areas of that continent. A novel human retrovirus, distinct from LAV/HTLV-III, has now been isolated from two AIDS patients from West Africa. Partial characterization of this virus revealed that it has biological and morphological properties very similar to LAV but that it differs in some of its antigenic components. Although the core antigens may share some common epitopes, the West African AIDS retrovirus and LAV differ substantially in their envelope glycoproteins. The envelope antigen of the West African virus can be recognized by serum from a macaque with simian AIDS infected by the simian retrovirus termed STLV-IIImac, suggesting that the West African AIDS virus may be more closely related to this simian virus than to LAV. Hybridization experiments with LAV subgenomic probes further established that this new retrovirus, here referred to as LAV-II, is distantly related to LAV and distinct from STLV-IIImac.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clavel, F -- Guetard, D -- Brun-Vezinet, F -- Chamaret, S -- Rey, M A -- Santos-Ferreira, M O -- Laurent, A G -- Dauguet, C -- Katlama, C -- Rouzioux, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):343-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2425430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Adult ; Africa, Western ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/analysis/genetics/immunology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Retroviridae/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Viral Proteins/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 76
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-09-12
    Description: A murine beta-thalassemia was corrected by the transfer of cloned beta-globin genes into the mouse germ line. The cloned mouse beta maj-globin gene or the cloned human beta-globin gene was introduced into mice deficient in beta-globin synthesis because of a deletion of the beta maj-globin gene. Both introduced genes produced functional beta-globin chains, leading to a reduction in one case, and elimination in another case, of the anemia and associated abnormalities of the red blood cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Costantini, F -- Chada, K -- Magram, J -- HD17704/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 12;233(4769):1192-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3461564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genes ; *Genetic Engineering ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Globins/genetics ; Hemoglobins/genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Thalassemia/genetics/*therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-01-10
    Description: The proximate mechanisms underlying mating behavior in naturally occurring species can be fundamentally different from those in more commonly studied laboratory and domesticated forms. In naturally occurring species, reproductive strategies are much more diverse, and mechanisms controlling behavior are correspondingly diverse. A variety of hormonal, environmental, and social cues can be used to activate mating behavior. Which cues are used by particular species depends on differences in environmental and physiological constraints imposed by particular reproductive strategies. Study of this diversity of mechanisms promises to identify specific selective forces that have shaped their evolution. This evolutionary perspective leads to widely applicable generalizations and provides a useful context within which to conceptualize differences between species, populations, and individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crews, D -- Moore, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 10;231(4734):121-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; Brain/physiology ; Copulation/physiology ; Drosophila ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/physiology ; Lizards ; Male ; Mammals ; Reproduction ; Sex Differentiation ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Shrews ; Snakes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: A nonrepetitive complementary RNA probe specific for an intervening sequence of the rat pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene primary transcript was used to analyze the hormonal regulation of POMC gene transcription in individual cell nuclei in the rat pituitary by in situ hybridization. This probe recognized only full-length POMC heterogeneous nuclear RNA, as verified by Northern blots of pituitary RNA. When pituitary sections were hybridized with this 3H-labeled POMC intron A probe, silver grains were predominantly localized over the nuclei of cells that expressed POMC in the anterior and intermediate lobes. Adrenalectomy increased both the average grain density over corticotroph nuclei and the number of cells in the anterior pituitary with significant numbers of silver grains over their nucleus. Dexamethasone administration to intact or adrenalectomized rats results in the rapid (within 30 minutes) disappearance of silver grains over the nuclei of corticotrophs in the anterior lobe, suggesting that POMC gene transcription had been inhibited. However, adrenalectomy or dexamethasone administration did not alter the silver grain density over nuclei of intermediate lobe melanotrophs. Thus, this in situ hybridization assay utilizing an intervening sequence-specific POMC probe can measure rapid physiological changes in POMC heterogeneous nuclear RNA in individual cell nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fremeau, R T Jr -- Lundblad, J R -- Pritchett, D B -- Wilcox, J N -- Roberts, J L -- AM27484/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS07786/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1265-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genes ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/*biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 1986-04-11
    Description: This report describes serologic evidence for a virus similar to that known as simian T-lymphotropic virus type III of African Green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM) infecting apparently healthy people in Senegal, West Africa, and the isolation of virus from these individuals. Serum samples from selected healthy West African people showed unusual serologic profiles when tested with antigens of HTLV-III/LAV, the etiologic agent of AIDS, and of STLV-IIIAGM. The samples reacted strongly with all of the major viral antigens of STLV-IIIAGM but showed variable or no reactivity with the major viral antigens of HTLV-III/LAV by radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A new human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-IV) isolated from these people was grown in vitro and shown to have retroviral type particles, growth characteristics, and major viral proteins similar to those of the STLV-III and HTLV-III/LAV group of retroviruses. The gp120/160, gp32, p64, p55, p53, p24, and p15 proteins precipitated were the same size as and reactive with STLV-IIIAGM proteins. The serologic data suggest that this virus shares more common epitopes with STLV-IIIAGM than with the prototype HTLV-III/LAV that infects people in the United States and Europe. Further study of this virus and of the origin of the HTLV-III/LAV group of viruses may expand our understanding of the human AIDS virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kanki, P J -- Barin, F -- M'Boup, S -- Allan, J S -- Romet-Lemonne, J L -- Marlink, R -- McLane, M F -- Lee, T H -- Arbeille, B -- Denis, F -- CA 18216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 37466/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ST 32 CA9382/ST/OHS HRSA HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):238-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology/transmission ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Cercopithecus aethiops/microbiology ; Cross Reactions ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Retroviridae/immunology/isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Retroviridae Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Senegal ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryo Transfer ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Insemination, Artificial ; Male ; Oocyte Donation ; Pregnancy ; *Reproduction
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):708-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Genes ; Male ; Melanoma/*genetics ; Nevus/genetics ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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