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  • 1
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    Uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles by an inorganic phosphate transporter (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-11
    Description: Previous work has identified two families of proteins that transport classical neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles, but the protein responsible for vesicular transport of the principal excitatory transmitter glutamate has remained unknown. We demonstrate that a protein that is unrelated to any known neurotransmitter transporters and that was previously suggested to mediate the Na(+)-dependent uptake of inorganic phosphate across the plasma membrane transports glutamate into synaptic vesicles. In addition, we show that this vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT1, exhibits a conductance for chloride that is blocked by glutamate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bellocchio, E E -- Reimer, R J -- Fremeau, R T Jr -- Edwards, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 11;289(5481):957-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0435, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10938000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid/pharmacology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Potassium Chloride/metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins ; *Symporters ; Synaptic Vesicles/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 target to functionally distinct synaptic release sites (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) 1 and 2 show a mutually exclusive distribution in the adult brain that suggests specialization for synapses with different properties of release. Consistent with this distribution, inactivation of the VGLUT1 gene silenced a subset of excitatory neurons in the adult. However, the same cell populations exhibited VGLUT1-independent transmission early in life. Developing hippocampal neurons transiently coexpressed VGLUT2 and VGLUT1 at distinct synaptic sites with different short-term plasticity. The loss of VGLUT1 also reduced the reserve pool of synaptic vesicles. Thus, VGLUT1 plays an unanticipated role in membrane trafficking at the nerve terminal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fremeau, Robert T Jr -- Kam, Kaiwen -- Qureshi, Tayyaba -- Johnson, Juliette -- Copenhagen, David R -- Storm-Mathisen, Jon -- Chaudhry, Farrukh A -- Nicoll, Roger A -- Edwards, Robert H -- R01 EY001869/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1815-9. Epub 2004 Apr 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain/cytology/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; In Situ Hybridization ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Purkinje Cells/physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/*metabolism/physiology ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription in individual cell nuclei (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: A nonrepetitive complementary RNA probe specific for an intervening sequence of the rat pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene primary transcript was used to analyze the hormonal regulation of POMC gene transcription in individual cell nuclei in the rat pituitary by in situ hybridization. This probe recognized only full-length POMC heterogeneous nuclear RNA, as verified by Northern blots of pituitary RNA. When pituitary sections were hybridized with this 3H-labeled POMC intron A probe, silver grains were predominantly localized over the nuclei of cells that expressed POMC in the anterior and intermediate lobes. Adrenalectomy increased both the average grain density over corticotroph nuclei and the number of cells in the anterior pituitary with significant numbers of silver grains over their nucleus. Dexamethasone administration to intact or adrenalectomized rats results in the rapid (within 30 minutes) disappearance of silver grains over the nuclei of corticotrophs in the anterior lobe, suggesting that POMC gene transcription had been inhibited. However, adrenalectomy or dexamethasone administration did not alter the silver grain density over nuclei of intermediate lobe melanotrophs. Thus, this in situ hybridization assay utilizing an intervening sequence-specific POMC probe can measure rapid physiological changes in POMC heterogeneous nuclear RNA in individual cell nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fremeau, R T Jr -- Lundblad, J R -- Pritchett, D B -- Wilcox, J N -- Roberts, J L -- AM27484/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS07786/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1265-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genes ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/*biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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