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  • Lepidoptera  (112)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (49)
  • Springer  (161)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (161)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1986  (88)
  • 1985  (73)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (161)
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climbing by newly hatched larvae of the spotted stalk borer Chilo partellus to the top of sorghum plants (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Chilo partellus ; Sorghum ; phototaxis ; climbing ; leaf anatomy ; surface wax
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude du comportement ascentionnel de chenilles néonates de Chilo partellus a montré que la phototaxie positive oriente l'insecte vers le sommet de la plante d'une façon plus importante que le site de ponte à la base du sorgho. La phototaxie est perdue après la pénétration dans le verticille, sous les effets combinés de l'odeur de l'hôte et de l'obscurité. Des insectes qui s'égarent sur les feuilles doivent retourner sur la tige pour parvenir à atteindre le verticille, et on a observé que les arêtes des feuilles, les épines orientées distalement et les cires de l'hôte provoquent ensemble une réorientation vers le bas de la feuille d'où l'ascension peut être poursuivie. II y a des différences suivant les cultivars en relation avec ces facteurs qui sont la cause partielle des différents niveaux de résistance à ce ravageur.
    Notes: Abstract A study of the mechanisms by which the newly hatched larvae of Chilo partellus reach the whorl from the oviposition site at the base of the plant is presented. A strong positive phototaxis is of primary importance. Reorientation is necessary, however, if larvae stray out onto leaves. Edge spines and leaf waxes are important in reorientation to the culm so that the climb can be continued. There are cultivar differences in relation to these factors which are a partial reason for different levels of resistance to this pest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338526
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematics and evolution of holarctic Pierinae (Lepidoptera). An enzyme electrophoretic approach (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 24-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Pieridae ; Lepidoptera ; systematics ; evolution ; enzyme electrophoresis ; genetic differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enzyme electrophoretic data show a remarkably high degree of genetic similarity within the European group ofnapi s.l. whereas genetic differences exist at several loci between the European and the North American taxa ofnapi s.l. It is concluded that the European taxa did not differentiate to the species level and form a phylogenetically young group. The North American taxa included in this study are specifically distinct from Europeannapi and separated much earlier. Within these North American taxamarginalis, oleracea andvirginiensis did undergo speciation. The data show a splitting of the genusPieris into three species groups, each genetically differentiated to the same level. The splitting ofPieris into two genera, as suggested by earlier investigators, is not supported here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02005856
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dendritic reticulum cells in AIDS-related lymphadenopathy (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1173-1175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; immunologic deficiency syndromes ; lymph nodes ; protease inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary One of two cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related persistent generalized lymphadenopathy revealed a profoundly altered pattern of dendritic reticulum cells as demonstrated by immunoreactive acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor. The alterations could be related to totally or partially destructed lymphoid secondary follicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951713
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The alteration of calling behaviour by female Choristoneura fumiferana when exposed to synthetic sex pheromone (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; calling behavior ; sex pheromone ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des expériences ont été menées au laboratoire pour examiner si la phéromone sexuelle synthétique de C. fumiferana pouvait altérer le comportement d'appel de femelles vierges de la même espèce. Un appareil a été conçu pour libérer alternativement — à des intervalles déterminés — un courant d'air portant de la phéromone sexuelle ou un courant d'air pur, dans plusieurs flacons contenant des femelles vierges. Le comportement sexuel de mouches de 0 et 2 jours a ainsi été observé. Indépendamment de l'exposition des femelles à la phéromone, il y avait deux pics quotidiens d'activité d'appel, l'un dans l'après-midi et l'autre après le crépuscule. Des papillons exposés au 1×10−6 mg ou 1×10−3 mg de phéromone avaient un premier pic d'appel au moins antérieur de 2 heures par rapport aux témoins. Ainsiily a vait un plus grand nombre de papillons engagés dans une activité d'appel en présence de la phéromone que chez les témoins.
    Notes: Abstract The calling behaviour of 0-day-old and 2-day-old virgin female eastern spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) was observed during exposure to different concentrations of the synthetic female sex pheromone. Regardless of whether the females were exposed to pheromone or not, there were two daily peak periods of calling activity, one in the afternoon and the other after dusk. Those moths exposed to pheromone commenced calling at least 2 h earlier during their first peak of calling activity. Also, a greater number of moths engaged in calling when exposed to pheromone than those under control conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366803
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifeedant and insecticidal properties of azadirachtin to the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Pyralidae ; Lepidoptera ; azadirachtin ; antifeedant ; botanical insecticide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a examiné les propriétés anti-appétantes et insecticides de l'azadirachtine, une substance triterpénoïde provenant d'Azadirachta indica envers la pyrale du maïs Ostrinia nubilalis. La concentration effective pour causer 50% d'inhibition de l'alimentation larvaire (PC50) sur des disques foliaires a été de 3.5 ppm pour les larves de premier stade et de 24 μg/8 pour celle de troisième stade. L'azadirachtine a sévèrement réduit la croissance larvaire à des concentrations de 1 et 10 ppm dans une diète méridique et, éventuellement, a causé 100% de mortalité à 10 ppm et 90% à 1 ppm. A 0.1 ppm l'azadirachtine n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur les larves maïs a modifié l'indice de masculinité en faveur des mâles au moment de l'émergence et a empêché l'oviposition chez les femelles. Les indices nutritionnels pour les larves naïves de troisième âge et celles ayant subi une accoutumance suggèrent que la réduction de croissance est le résultat d'une intoxication comme le démontre une efficacité réduite de transformation chez les groupes traités à l'azadirachtine, plutôt que des changements de digestibilité. Il n'y a pas d'évidence claire de tolérance dans le groupe ayant subi l'accoutumance. Les résultats suggèrent qu'à 10 ppm l'azadirachtine est un insecticide botanique efficace envers O. nubilalis.
    Notes: Abstract Azadirachtin, a triterpenoid substance from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae, was evaluated for its antifeedant and insecticidal properties to the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner. The 50% protective concentration for larval feeding on treated corn disks (PC50) was 3.5 ppm for neonate larvae and 24 ppm for third instar larvae. Azadirachtin severely reduced larval growth at 1 and 10 ppm in a meridic diet and eventually caused 100% mortality at 10 ppm and 90% at 1 ppm. At 0.1 ppm azadirachtin showed no significant effect on larvae but altered the sex ratio in favor of male moths during adult emergence and arrested oviposition of female moths. Nutritional indices for naive and habituated third instar larvae suggested that reduction of growth was due to toxicity as shown by a lowered efficiency of conversion in the azadirachtin treated groups, rather than changes in digestibility. No clear evidence of tolerance was observed in the habituated group. The data suggest that at 10 ppm azadirachtin is an effective botanical insecticide for control of O. nubilalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163349
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of females of the braconid parasitoid Microplitis demolitor to frass of larvae of the Noctoids, Heliothis zea and Trichoplusia ni and to 13-methylhentriacontane (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: kairomone ; frass ; Microplitis demolitor ; Heliothis zea ; Trichoplusia ni ; host selection ; behavior ; Hymenoptera ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Microplitis demolitor, un parasitoïde solitaire de plusieurs espèces de chenilles de noctuelles, a été introduit d'Australie aux Etats-Unis comme agent potentiel de contrôle biologique. Les fèces des chenilles d'Heliothis zea et Trichoplusia ni élevées sur des cotyledons de pois (Pink Eye Purple Hull Cowpea) stimulent les femelles à sélectionner un hôte, mais les fèces des chenilles des deux espèces élevées sur diète CSM ne possèdent pas cette activité. Un extrait hexanique des fèces des chenilles de H. zea élevées sur cotyledons de pois stimule également ce comportement, de même que le 13-methylhentriacontane, substance présente dans les fèces des chenilles de H. zea (Jones et al., 1971). Les femelles de M. demolitor exposées immédiatement avant leur lâcher en serre aux fèces des chenilles de H. zea, nourries de cotyledons de pois, parasitent un plus fort pourcentage (41.7%) de chenilles de H. zea que cells qui n'ont pas été exposées aux fèces (13.9%). Le comportement de sélection de l'hôte des femelles de M. demolitor est donc semblable à celui des femelles de Microplitis croceipes, un parasitoïde étroitement apparenté indigène des Etats-U-nis. La femelle, par exemple, est stimulée par une kairomone des fèces des larves de H. zea nourries sur des cotyledons de pois (incluant le 13-methyl-hentriacontane), la diète affecte l'activité kairomonale des fèces, et une exposition préalable aux fèces avant le lâcher stimule le comportement de sélection de l'hôte. La stimulation du comportement de sélection de l'hôte, au moment du lâcher peut être utilisée pour améliorer l'efficacité des lâchers des parasitoïdes dans les programmes de contrôle biologique.
    Notes: Abstract Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, a solitary larval parasitoid of several species of Noctuidae, has been imported into the United States from Australia. A closely related species, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), is native to the United States. The host-selection behavior of M. demolitor females is similar to that of M. croceipes in that it is stimulated by kairomones (including 13-methylhentriacontane) in the frass of Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae, larval diet affects the kairomonal activity of the frass, and exposure to frass prior to release stimulates host-selection behavior. M. demolitor females also respond to frass from Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) larvae that had fed on Pink Eye Purple Hull Cowpea cotyledons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361920
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude électroantennographique de la réception de stimulus odorants d'origine végétale chez Acrolepiopsis assectella (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 13-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Acrolepiopsis assectella ; lépidoptère ; phytophage spécialiste ; électroantennogrammes ; substances volatiles ; composés soufrés ; Allium ; plantes non-hôtes ; Acrolepiopsis assectella ; Lepidoptera ; phytophagous speciality ; electroantennograms ; volatiles ; sulphur compounds ; Allium ; non-host plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Electroantennogram studies of adults Acrolepiopsis assectella Zell., Lepidoptera, Hyponomeutoidea, showed that the insects responded to the host-plant's odour whether or not the plant was healthy or damaged by the larvae. The antenna of both sexes also responded to the host-plant's specific volatile sulphur compounds. All these odours attracted the insects in the olfactometer. Propyl propane thiosulfinate (Ti-P2), the most abundant of the host specific compounds was always the most effective. The antenna was also sensitive to certain non-host plants (cabbage and tomato). The insect antenna was also sensitive to compounds of the ‘general green-leaf volatil complex’ which were identified in leek (Allium) odour. The most effective of these, cis-hexen-3-ol-1, was also the only attractive one. Sensitivity to these different olfactory stimuli was similar for 1-day-old females and 5-days-old males. The insect's sensitivity to green-leaf compounds increased with age for both sexes, only males responded better to Ti-P2 with age. These same males were also more attracted by leek odour at 5 days old. These facts confirm the predominant role of the sulphur compounds in host finding by the leek moth. The exact biological effect of green-leaf compounds and the interference exerted by non-host plants odours such as tomato on attraction to leek is discussed.
    Notes: Résumé Les réponses E.A.G. d'Acrolepiopsis assectella Zell., Lépidoptère Hyponomeutoïdea spécialiste des Allium, montrent une sensibilité à l'odeur de la plante-hôte larvaire A. porrum saine ou attaquée, et à ses composés volatils soufrés spécifiques, toutes odeurs actives dans l'attraction des deux sexes en olfactomètre. Le Ti-P2, le plus abondant et le plus spécifique du végétal est toujours le plus efficace. Ceci confirme le rôle prépondérant des substances allélochimiques soufrées dans la recherche de la plante-hôte. Une réactivité antennaire plus ou moins importante est également enregistrée avec l'odeur de certaines plantes non-hôtes (chou et tomate). L'antenne du lépidoptère est également très sensible à certains produits volatils du ‘complexe odorant vert’ des végétaux qui sont identifiés dans l'odeur du poireau, le cis-hexen-3-ol-1 le plus actif est aussi le seul à être attractif. Le rôle biologique exact des ‘composés verts’ et l'interférence de l'odeur complète de la plantehôte avec celle de plantes non-hôtes, telle que la tomate, efficace sur l'antenne et sur le comportement sont discutés.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187018
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reproductive capacity of Spodoptera littoralis moths fed ascorbic acid analogs (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: ascorbic acid analogs ; Spodoptera littoralis ; Lepidoptera ; moths reproduction ; spermatophore malformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les examens ont porté sur l'action des acides D-ascorbique, L-déhydroascorbique, 6-chloro-6-déoxy-L-ascorbique, 6-bromo-6-déoxy-L-ascorbique et l'ascorbyl-2-sulfate per os. Les actions de ces analogues de l'acide ascorbique ont été comparées à celles de témoins alimentés avec vitamine C et glucose. L'acide D-ascorbique a provoqué la formation de spermatophores anormaux sans qu'il y ait eu réduction de l'activité sexuelle. Les femelles inséminées par ces mâles ont pondu des oeufs stériles, et leur fécondité était inférieure à celles de femelles alimentées sur des régimes contenant des analogues L de l'acide ascorbique ou du sucrose. L'acide 6-chloro-6-déoxy-L-ascorbique et l'ascorbyl-2-sulfate ont réduit la fécondité et la fertilité mais ces analogues n'avaient pas altéré la formation des spermatophores. Les consommations des différents analogues proposés séparément par microalimentation ou au moment de l'accouplement ne diffèrent pas significativement. La discussion a porté sur l'action des analogues dextrogyres sur le spermatophore et l'utilisation de ces analogues dans la protection des cultures.
    Notes: Abstract D-ascorbic acid, L-dehydroascorbic acid, 6-chloro-6-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid, 6-bromo-6-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid and ascorbyl-2-sulfate were bioassayed per os on moths of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). The activity of each of the analogs was compared with that of vitamin C and sucrose controls. D-ascorbic acid caused males to produce malformed spermatophores with no reduction in mating capacity. Females mated to these males layed infertile eggs and fecundity was lower than in females fed other analogs, L-ascorbic acid or sucrose diets. 6-chloro-6-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid reduced fertility and fecundity of the females, although this and other analogs did not affect the spermatophores. D-isoascorbic acid (=D-araboascorbic acid; D-erythorbic acid), D-glucoascorbic acid and all the other analogs were equally acquired by males microfed singly or at mating. The effect of D-optically active analogs on the spermatophore and the possible applications of the analogs in pest control are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195574
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The responses of some Lepidoptera to labiate herb and white clover extracts (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: biological control ; brassica ; labiate herbs ; larval feeding ; oviposition ; Lepidoptera ; Pieris brassicae ; Plutella xylostella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des plantes médicinales ont traditionnellement été utilisées en association avec des plantes cultivées dans l'espoir que leur odeur repousserait les insectes nuisibles. Des extraits à l'alcool et des essences volatiles de labiées médicinales ont été essayés au laboratoire pour examiner leur effets répulsif et dissuadant pour la ponte de Plutella xylostella et l'alimentation des chenilles de P. xylostella et Pieris brassicae. Les extraits alcooliques d'hysope, de romarin, de sauge, de thym et de trèfle blanc réduisent la ponte de P. xylostella sur des morceaux de feuilles de chou traitées. Les essences volatiles de sauge et de thym réduisent la ponte de P. xylostella sur des morceaux de feuilles de chou dans des expériences de choix. L'alimentation des chenilles de dernier stade de P. xylostella et P. brassicae dans des expériences de choix est réduite par l'application d'extraits alcooliques des labiées médicinales.
    Notes: Abstract Herbs have been traditionally used as intercrops with crop plants on the assumption that their odour repels pest species. Alcohol extracts and essential oils of labiate herbs were tested in the laboratory for deterrent/repellent responses to ovipositing Plutella xylostella (L.) and feeding larvae of P. xylostella and Pieris brassicae L. Alcohol extracts of hyssop, rosemary, sage, thyme and white clover reduce oviposition by P. xylostella on pieces of brassica leaf in dual-choice tests. Essential oils of sage and thyme reduce oviposition on pieces of brassica leaf. Feeding, in dual-choice tests, by final instar P. xylostella and P. brassicae larvae is reduced by application of alcohol extracts of herbs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414506
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    The influence of sex gland components on mating by the summerfruit tortrix moth, Adoxophyes orana, in the laboratory (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Adoxophyes orana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; strain ; sex pheromone ; sex gland components ; Z9-14:Ac ; Z11-14:Ac ; mating disruption ; spermatophores ; population density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des essais ont été effectués en laboratoire en mettant des couples de papillons d'Adoxophyes orana F.v.R. pendant une semaine dans des boîtes d'élevage de 1,25 l avec ou sans composantes phéromonales. A la fin de l'essai, les femelles sont disséquées pour la recherche des spermatophores. L'inhibition des accouplements s'accroît avec l'augmentation de la charge des deux composantes principales de l'attractif, le Z9-14:Ac et le Z11-14:Ac (9:1) et elle décroît lorsque la densité de popultion passe de 1 à 5, 10, 20 couples de papillons par boîte. Chacune de ces deux composantes principales isolée provoque une réduction d'accouplements aussi importante que le mélange lui-même. Les composantes mineures Z9-12:Ac et 12:Ac ont pratiquement la même efficacité que les composantes principales, mais le 14:Ac et le Z11-14:OH sont sans effet. Des essais identiques effectués avec une souche d'A. orana récemment introduite en élevage continu, montrent qu'il suffit d'environ dix fois moins d'attractif pour provoquer le même effet que sur l'ancienne souche. Parallèlement à l'adaptation aux conditions d'élevage, le nombre de femelles non accouplées dans les témoins diminue progressivement et la fréquence des accouplements multiples augmente. II est donc vivement recommandé de travailler avec des souches continuellement renouvelées en élevage, ou avec les descendants directs d'individus prélevés en vergers. Les résultats obtenus sont commentés en relation avec la lutte par la technique de confusion.
    Notes: Abstract Couples of Adoxophyes orana F.v.R. were isolated for one week in small 1.25 l rearing boxes in the laboratory with sex gland components deposited on rubber caps. At the end of the trials females were dissected and spermatophores counted. Reduction of mating increased with the dose of a mixture of the attractant components Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac (9:1) but decreased with increasing density of 1 to 5, 10 and 20 couples per box. Each of the attractant components alone produced a mating inhibition equal to the mixture. The minor components Z9-12:Ac and 12:Ac had approximately the same effect as the main components, but 14:Ac and Z11-14:OH had no effect. Identical trials conducted on a strain of summerfruit moth newly introduced to our rearing showed that ten times less product was needed to achieve the same degree of mating inhibition as with the old strain. With adaptation to laboratory conditions the proportion of unmated females diminished and repeated matings occurred more frequently. In order to achieve meaningful results one must work with material from regularly renewed rearings, or better with the direct descendants of individuals from orchards. The results are discussed in relation to mating disruption of A. orana in orchards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217628
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  • 11
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    Population differences in larval hostplant use in the checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas chalcedona (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; Euphydryas chalcedona ; Scrophulariaceae ; Penstemon spp. ; hostplant specificity ; utilization efficiency ; iridoid glycoside ; insect/plant interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des chenilles de deux populations d'E. chalcedona ont été élevées sur leur propre plante-hôte et sur celle de l'autre population, aux stades avant et après diapause. Les deux populations s'alimentent sur différentes espèces de Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae), et une population—Echo Lake—est monophage sur P. newberry, tandis que l'autre—Chico—utilise d'abord P. breviflorus, mais les chenilles après diapause sont trouvées sur au moins deux autres espèces de plantes. Les taux de croissance et de survie ont été déterminés pour des chenilles avant et après diapause pour les deux populations sur les deux plantes; les efficacités digestives ont été calculées sur les chenilles avant diapause. Les résultats ont montré que les chenilles des deux populations différaient par leur degré de spécialisation digestive sur leur plante hôte normale: les chenilles de Chico ont utilisé aussi bien les deux plantes, tandis que celles d'Echo Lake le faisaient significativement moins bien sur la plante non-hôte, par suite de l'inaptitude à la digérer. Ainsi la population oligophage est alimentairement moins spécialisée et plus capable de se débrouiller avec une plante non-hôte. Après diapause, les chenilles de Chico s'alimentaient significativement mieux sur plante hôte que non-hôte, ce qui était le cas aussi pour la population monophage. Dans l'ensemble, les chenilles de la population monophage semblaient moins capables de se débrouiller dans des conditions défavorables ou moins avantageuses.
    Notes: Abstract Larvae from two populations of Euphydryas chalcedona Doubleday & Hewitson (Nymphalidae) were reared on their own hostplant and that of the other population, in both pre-diapause and post-diapause instars. One population, Chico, uses Penstemon breviflorus Lindl. (Scrophulariaceae), and the other, Echo Lake, uses P. newberryi Gray. Growth rate and survival were determined for pre-diapause and post-diapause larvae from both populations on both plant species; and digestive efficiencies were calculated during the prediapause instars. The results showed that larvae from the two populations differed in their responses to the two plant species. Pre-diapause larvae from Chico performed equally well on both plant species—survival and digestive indices were not significantly different for two Penstemon species. In contrast, pre-diapause larvae from Echo Lake performed significantly worse on the non-hostplant—growth and survival were significantly lower on the non-host, P. breviflorus. In addition, comparison of digestive efficiencies for the two plants showed that larvae from Echo Lake digested P. breviflorus better than P. newberryi, but were significantly less able to convert P. breviflorus to body mass. In the post-diapause instars, larvae from Chico grew faster on the host than on the non-host. Larvae from Echo Lake grew quite slowly on both plant species and significantly more of the Echo Lake larvae returned to diapause instead of completing development.
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    Perception of the oviposition deterring pheromone by tarsal and abdominal contact chemoreceptors in Pieris brassicae (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 71-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: oviposition deterrent ; contact chemoreceptors ; electrophysiology ; tarsi ; ovipositor ; Pieris brassicae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une technique d'enregistrement apical a été utilisée pour examiner la perception d'une phéromone dissuadant la ponte par les poils récepteurs chimiques de contact des femelles de Pieris brassicae. Les réponses électrophysiologiques des poils gustatifs des tarses en présence de solutions de rinçage d'oeufs présentent une fréquence marquée des potentiels d'action provenant principalement d'une cellule sensorielle. Ceci suggère que les poils gustatifs des tarses des pattes antérieures des femelles possèdent, en plus de cellules répondant aux glucosinolates, des cellules sensorielles sensibles spécialement à la phéromone dissuadant la ponte. Des études morphologiques au microscope à balayage révèlent que l'oviposition de P. brassicae est pourvu de deux groupes de chimiorécepteurs de contact. Des enregistrements électrophysiologiques de ces sensilles révèlent la présence d'au moins trois cellules sensorielles, l'une d'entre elles étant un mécanorécepteur. La stimulation avec la solution de rinçage des oeufs évoque un léger accroissement de la fréquence des potentiels d'action qui ne peut être attribué à une cellule sensorielle particulière. Ceci indique que les poils gustatifs abdominaux peuvent participer d'une certaine façon à la perception de la phéromone dissuadant la ponte. Les réponses aux glucosinolates ne diffèrent pas significativement des stimulations témoin.
    Notes: Abstract Perception of the oviposition deterring pheromone by contact chemoreceptors in female Pieris brassicae was studied employing a tip recording technique. Electrophysiological responses of tarsal taste hairs to eggwash solutions show a marked increase in frequency of spikes originating from only one sensory cell. This suggests that in foretarsal taste hairs females, apart from the glucosinolate cells also possess sense cells specifically sensitive to the oviposition deterring pheromone. Morphological studies by means of the scanning electron microscope revealed that the ovipositor of P. brassicae is provided with two groups of contact chemoreceptors. Electrophysiological recordings from these sensilla indicate the presence of at least three sensory cells, one of them being a mechanoreceptor. Stimulation with eggwash evokes a slight increase in spike frequency which cannot be ascribed to one particular sense cell. This indicates that abdominal taste hairs in some way may participate in the perception of the oviposition deterring pheromone. Responses to glucosinolates do not differ significantly from control stimulations.
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    The effect of an oviposition deterring pheromone on egglaying in Pieris brassicae (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: oviposition deterrent ; pheromone ; egg washings ; Pieris brassicae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des expériences de laboratoire ont été réalisées pour déterminer d'influence d'une phéromone dissuasive de la ponte (ODP) sur la distribution des ooplaques et des oeufs de Pieris brassicae. Cette phéromone est connue comme associée aux oeufs. Les papillons ont eu le choix entre des feuilles de chou traitées de différentes façons avec ODP et des feuilles témoins. La présence d'oeufs intacts de la même espèce sur les feuilles a un effet dissuasif modéré sur la ponte. Une solution aqueuse d'ODP, obtenue par lavage des oeufs à l'eau distillée est quelque peu dissuasive. Le lavage des oeufs de P. brassicae au méthanol est apparu comme le plus dissuasif. Une telle solution au méthanol peut être stockée à basse température au moins 3 ans sans perte de son pouvoir. Les applications de l'eau de rinçage sur les faces supérieures ou inférieures des feuilles induisent le même comportement des femelles. L'effet dissuasif augmente avec la concentration de l'eau de rinçage; aux très faibles concentrations, aucune différence significative n'a pu être observée avec les témoins quant au nombre d'ooplaques et d'oeufs. Par ailleurs, même aux très hautes concentrations du méthanol, l'eau de rinçage n'inhibe pas totalement la ponte sur les feuilles de chou. En lavant 7 fois consécutives les oeufs de P. brassicae dans le méthanol, on obtient une série de solutions de phéromones, dont chacune possède un fort pouvoir dissuasif. Bien que l'effet dissuasif diminue lentement avec des rinçages successifs, la pulvérisation du septième rinçage sur les feuilles de chou réduit encore à moins du quart le nombre total d'ooplaques et des oeufs pondus sur la feuille traitée.
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory study was conducted in order to determine the influence of the oviposition deterring pheromone (ODP) upon the distribution of eggbatches and eggs by Pieris brassicae females. This pheromone is known to be associated with eggs. Butterflies were offered a choice between cabbage leaves treated in various ways with the ODP and control leaves. The presence of intact conspecific eggs on the treated leaf appeared to have a moderate deterrent effect upon oviposition. An aqueous solution of the ODP, obtained by washing eggs in distilled water was found to have a somewhat higher deterrent effect. Most effective in deterrence of oviposition, however, appeared to be a washing of P. brassicae eggs in methanol. Such a methanol solution can be stored at low temperatures for at least three years without loosing activity. Application of eggwash to either the upper or lower surface of the leaf does not make any difference to females. Percentage deterrence was found to increase with the concentration of eggwash. At very low concentrations no significant difference could be observed anymore in the numbers of eggbatches and eggs laid on control and treated leaf. On the other hand, even very high concentrations of methanol eggwash do not fully protect cabbage leaves against oviposition. Washing P. brassicae eggs seven times consecutively in methanol, a series of pheromone solutions is obtained, all of them were found to possess a high deterrent activity. Although percentage deterrence slowly decreases in subsequent washings, the seventh eggwash sprayed onto cabbage leaves still resulted in less than one quarter of the total number of eggbatches and eggs being laid on the treated leaf.
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    Interacting effects of increased tannin levels on leaf-mining insects (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 297-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Gracillariidae ; Cameraria sp. ; leaf miners ; mortality ; oaks ; parasitism ; tannins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des extraits riches en tanins ont été étalés sur des feuilles de Quercus emoryi contenant des chenilles de ler stade de Cameraria sp., pour contrôler l'influence du tanin dans l'accroissement du parasitisme sans modifier la teneur en protéines ni provoquer de dommages physiques. Les mineuses de feuilles traitées avaient des taux plus élevés de parasitisme par les hyménoptères, mais une diminution des autres causes de mortalité. Les effets négatifs et positifs des tanins se sont équilibrés, puisque la survie des mineuses était la même pour les feuilles traitées que pour les témoins. Les extraits riches en tanin ont agi sur le développement larvaire puisque le poids des chrysalides des mineuses de feuilles traitées était plus faible. Les tanins peuvent ainsi avoir des effets nuisibles et bénéfiques sur ces insectes phytophages.
    Notes: Abstract Tannin-rich extracts were painted on leaves of Q. emoryi (Fagaceae) that contained first instar larvae of a leaf miner, Cameraria sp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae, Agrifoliella group), to test the role of tannins in increasing parasitism, while controlling for changes in protein content and physical damage. Miners from leaves that were treated with tannins had higher rates of parasitism by hymenopterans, but decreased mortality from other causes. The negative and positive effects of tannins balanced since overall larval survivorship was equivalent for leaf miners on tannin-enriched and control leaves. The tannin-rich extract also affected larval development because pupal weight was decreased for leaf miners in treated leaves. Tannins can have both adverse and beneficial effects on these phytophagous insects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293714
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    Sex pheromone components ofMamestra suasa: chemical analysis, electrophysiological activity, wind tunnel activity and field tests in two European countries (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-11-hexadecenol ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; hexadecanyl acetate ; Mamestra suasa ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a trouvé l'acetoxy-1 hexadécene-11 Z (Z-11-16:Ac), le hexadécene-11 Z al-1 (Z-11-16:Ald), le hexadécene-11 Z ol-1 (Z-11-16:OH) et l'acetoxy-1 hexadécene (16:Ac) dans des extraits de glandes phéromona les des femelles deMamestra suasa. La proportion relative des composés était 100/2/10/5. Tous les quatre composés ont été présents aussi dans les collections d'émanations des femelles en stade d'appel, dans la proportion un peu différente de 100/7/5/5. On n'a détecté aucune trace des tétradécenes al-1 ou d'acetoxy-1 tétradécenes. On a démontré la présence de hexadécenoate-1 methyl, hexadécene-9 Z oate-1 methyl et héxadécene-11 Z oate-1 methyl dans des extraits des glandes, par la méthode de ‘base methanolysis’. On n'a trouvé pas des tétradéceneoates methyl. En éléctroantennographie, Z-11-16:Ac a donné les meilleurs réponses, suivis par l'acetoxy-1 tétradécene-9 Z (Z-9-14:Ac), Z-11-16:Ald et Z-11-16:OH. Dans des études de ‘single sensillum’ les cellules à amplitude grande ont répondu à la stimulation avec de Z-11-16:Ac, cependant les cellules à amplitude petite ont répondu à la stimulation avec des deux composés Z-9-14:Ac et Z-11-16:OH. On a trouvé des cellules sensitives à Z-11-16:Ald dans 1 entre 60 sensilla étudiés. À la chambre de vol, le dose de 0.1 μg d'un mélange de 10:1 de Z-11-16:Ac/Z-11-16:Ald a provoqué les mêmes réponses et à l'intensité pareille comme 3 glandes phéromonales isolées des femelles. En piégeages sur le champs des males en quantité importante ont été capturé par un mélange de 10:1 de Z-11-16:Ac/Z-11-15:Ald en Bulgarie et Hongrie. L'addition de 16:Ac au mélange binaire n'avait aucun effet, cependant l'addition de plus de 1% de Z-11-16:OH ou 0.1% de Z-9-14:Ac a sérieusement diminué les captûres. En comparant des proportions différentes du mélange de l'acetoxy/aldéhyde dans des doses différentes, on a observé les meilleurs captûres avec de la proportion 10:1 et à la dose la plus haute (1 000 μg).
    Notes: Abstract (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z-11-16:Ac), (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z-11-16:Ald), (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z-11-16:OH) and hexadecanyl acetate (16:Ac) were found in pheromone gland extracts of femaleMamestra suasa (Den. et Schiff.) in the relative amounts 100/2/10/5. All four compounds were also present in collections of aiiborne volatiles from calling females in a 100/7/5/5 ratio. No traces of 14 carbon aldehydes or acetates were detected. In gland extracts the presence of methyl hexadecanoate methyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate and methyl (Z)-11-hexadecenoate was demonstrated by base methanolysis. No methyl tetradecenoates were detected. In EAG tests Z-11-16:Ac gave the best responses, followed by (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z-9-14:Ac) Z-11-16:Ald and Z-11-16:OH. In single sensillum recordings large spike amplitude cells in sensilla responded to Z-11-16:Ac, while small spike amplitude cells to both Z-11-16:OH and Z-9-14:Ac. Cells responding to Z-11-16:Ald were found in one out of 60 sensilla tested. In wind tunnel tests 0.1 μg of a 10:1 blend of Z-11-16:Ac/Z-11-16:Ald evoked the same responses and at a similar intensity as 3 isolated female pheromone glands did. In field tests a 10:1 blend of Z-11-16:Ac/Z-11-16:Ald caught significant numbers of males in both Bulgaria and Hungary. The addition of 16:Ac to the binary blend did not have any effect, while more than 1% of Z-11-16:OH or 0.1% of Z-9-14:Ac dramatically decreased captures. In comparing different ratios of the, acetate/aldehyde blend at different dose levels, best catches were recorded at the 10:1 ratio and at the highest (1000 μg) dose level.
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    Identification of components of the female sex pheromone of the potato tuber moth, Scrobipalpopsis solanivora (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Scrobipalpopsis solanivora ; Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae ; sex pheromone ; (E)-3-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-3-dodecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé S. solanivora est l'un des plus importants lépidoptères détruisant les pommes de terre en Amérique Centrale. L'analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (GC) des produits obtenus par lavage de l'ovipositeur de femelles vierges, associée à des électro-anténnogrammes (EAG) a révélé un composé actif unique en EAG. Les durées de rétention pour ce constituant correspondaient à celles des acétates monoinsaturés à 12 carbones, et les analyses sur colonne GC liées avec une phase liquide cristal ont montré un pic principal correspondant à l'acétate (E)-3-dodécénul et un pic secondaire, correspondant à l'isomère Z, et au niveau de 2,5% du pic principal. L'acétate dodécyl a aussi été décelé en quantités variables, approximativement 10% du pic principal. Dans la nature, des pièges contenant de l'acétate (E)-3-dodécényl, seul ou mélangé avec 1 ou 2% de l'isomère Z, ont capturé autant des mâles de S. solanivora que des pièges contenant des femelles vierges, et certaines indications montrent que l'addition de 5% de l'isomère Z réduit les captures.
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone produced by virgin female S. solanivora moths has been shown to contain (E)-3-dodecenyl acetate with approximately 2% of the Z isomer by electroantennography and gas chromatography. In the field, traps baited with (E)-3-dodecenyl acetate alone or in combination with 1% or 2% of the Z isomer caught at least as many male S. solanivora moths as those baited with virgin female moths, and there was some evidence that addition of 5% of the Z isomer reduced catches.
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    Influence of host plants on development, fecundity and egg hatchability of the arctiid moth Diacrisia casignetum (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: host plants ; larval feeding ; phenols ; proteins ; water contents ; nutritional quality ; fecundity ; egg hatchability ; Diacrisia casignetum ; Arctiidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur l'évaluation de l'influence des feuilles de tournesol (Helianthus annuus) et de Mikana cordata sur le développement, la fécondité et l'éclosion des oeufs de D. casignetum Kollaz. La durée de développement et le gain de poids sur tournesol étaient plus importants que sur M. cordata. La durée de développement était statistiquement hétérogène (P〈0.05), ce qui peut être dû à des différences entre plantes. La fécondité et le taux d'éclosion chez les insectes élevés sur tournesol étaient plus élevés que ceux observés sur M. cordata, dont les résultats étaient aussi hétérogènes (P〈0.1 et〈0.05 respectivement). Les feuilles de M. cordata contenaient des taux relativement élevés de phénols et des rapports protéines sur phénols bas. Tout ceci suggère que les différences observées sont attribuables à des variations dans la qualité nutritive de ces hôtes et dans l'incorporation à la biomasse de l'insecte de matériaux phénologiques ingérés.
    Notes: Abstract Measurements were made of the differences between sunflower and climbing hempweed leaves for development, fecundity and egg hatchability of Diacrisia casignetum Kollar. Developmental time and weight gains of sunflower-fed larvae were respectively longer and greater than those of hempweed-fed ones. The development time and weight gain, attributable to differences in host plants, were statistically heterogeneous (P〈0.05-〈0.10). Relative fecundity and egg hatchability of sunflower reared insects were greater than those of hempweed reared ones, and these were also statistically heterogeneous (P〈0.1 and 〈0.05, respectively). Hempweed leaves contained relatively high titres of phenols and low ratios of proteins to phenols. Ovaries were heavier in insects reared on sunflower than on hempweed, whereas the level of phenols incorporated into the ovary was higher in insects fed on hempweed than those on sunflower. The differences in these parameters may be due to variations in nutritional quality of these hosts and incorporation of ingested phenolic materials to ovary and insect biomass.
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    Constituents of host- and non-host plants deterring oviposition by the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Pieris ; cabbage ; oviposition deterrents ; host selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Eiablage von Pieris rapae auf Kohl wurde gehemmt von einem Homogenisat aus Kohlblättern, das auf intakte Pflanzen gesprüht wurde. Ether-Extrakte der Kohlblätter wirkten im Gegensatz zu Wasserextrakten abschreckend. Ebenso zeigten Hexanextrakte anderer Wirtspflanzen eine hemmende Wirkung auf die Eiablage, während Wasserextrakte anderer Wirtspflanzen keine Wirkung aufwiesen. Dagegen aber verhinderten sowohl polare als auch unpolare Extrakte von Nicht-Wirtspflanzen die Eiablagen. Polare, abschreckende Substanzen in den Nicht-Wirtspflanzen Erysimum cheiranthoides und Capsella bursa-pastoris (Cruciferae) könnten Ursache dafür sein, dass P. rapae diese Pflanzen meidet. Chemische Substanzen mit sowohl abschreckender als auch stimulierender Wirkung spielen offensichtlich eine bedeutende Rolle für legebereite Schmetterlingsweibchen bei der Auswahl von Pflanzen als geeigneten Eiablageplatz.
    Notes: Abstract Oviposition by Pieris rapae L. on cabbage was deterred by homogenized cabbage tissue sprayed onto intact plants. Ether extracts of cabbage also were deterrent, but water extracts were not. Hexane extracts of other host plants deterred oviposition and water extracts had little or no effect. Polar as well as non-polar extracts of non-host plants inhibited oviposition. Polar deterrents in the non-host crucifers, Erysimum cheiranthoides and Capsella bursa-pastoris may explain the avoidance of these plants by P. rapae. Chemical deterrents, as well as stimulants, apparently play a major role in the acceptance or rejection of plants as hosts by ovipositing female butterflies.
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    The courtship behaviour of Yponomeuta padellus (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Yponomeuta padellus ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; courtship ; behaviour ; quantitative analysis ; pheromone communication ; wind tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les séquences du comportement depuis l'attraction du mâle jusqu'à la copulation ont été décrites et analysées chez Y. padellus (L.). Les mâles réagissent à une femelle émenttant une phéromone par un hattement d'ailes suivi d'un vol en zigzag contre le vent. Les mâles atterriront près des femelles et marcheront avec leurs ailes en battement. Les antennes tambourinent le substrat et les pinceaux abdominaux sont déplyés. Lorsqu'il est au contact de la femelle, le mâle tambourine avec ses antennes les ailes, la tête et les antennes. Généralement suit une tentative d'étreinte. Les chances de succès sont les plus élevées quand les premiers contacts du mâle sont avec la partie postérieure de la femelle plutôt qu'avec la tête. Les femelles refusent les mâles en s'écartant ou en battant des ailes ou les deux à la fois. Il semble qu'en plus des stimuli cliniques, des stimuli mécaniques fournis par les écailles sont nécessaires pour que les mâles localisent la femelle et s'orientent pour une tentative d'étreinte.
    Notes: Abstract The sequence of behavioural steps from male attraction until copulation is described and analyzed for Yponomeuta padellus L. (Yponomeutidae, Lepidoptera). Males respond to a pheromone emitting female with wing fanning followed by upwind zigzagging flight. Males will land near the females and then walk while wing fanning. The antennae drum onto the substratum and the abdominal-hair pencils are displayed. When in contact with a female the male drums with his antennae onto wings, head and antennae. Mostly a clasping attempt follows. A male has a higher chance to be accepted when he firt encounters the rear of a female instead of the head. Females refuse males by walking away or wing fanning or a combination of both.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186157
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    Influence du type de culture et de l'antécédent cultural sur les déplacements des adultes de la pyrale du maïs Ostrinia nubilalis (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Pyrale du maïs ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; attraction plante-hôte ; peuplement-refuge ; piégeage lumineux ; lâcher insectes marqués ; coloration interne ; protandrie ; phéromone ; European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; host plant attraction ; refuge plant association ; light trapping ; internal coloration technique ; release of marked insects ; protandry ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The authors used their light trapping method associated with the release of marked insects. The experiment took place in an agrosystem in Charente (North of Aquitaine) between June 5 and July 15, 1983. The site included four adjoining plots from 1 to 3 ha each: one plot of wheat (previous crop: maize); two plots of maize (previous crop: barley) and a plot of barley (previous crop: wheat). To demonstrate the possible emergence of moths from hibernating larvae, the marked insects (510 ♂ ♂ and 467 ♀ ♀) were released in the plot of wheat equidistant from the four light traps placed in each plot. The captures of wild insects (1625 ♂ ♂, 786 ♀ ♀) showed an 8-days protandry and a considerable predominance of males in June/July 1983. This seems to have been caused by their being more mobile than the females. Despite the first males were distributed at random in the different plots, the remainder moved towards the maize. Such behaviour could be associated with that of the females; the latter move very early into the maize and probably lure the males by the release of sex-pheromone. The captures of marked insects (12% of the released population) confirmed the observations obtained with wild insects. The ecological and agronomical consequences of these migrations are discussed. It is suggested that there exists a pattern of two types of movements of European corn borer moths: emergence migration and diurnal migration.
    Notes: Résumé Au cours de l'été 1983 dans un agrosystème de Charente (Nord du Bassin Aquitain), les auteurs ont utilisé la technique du piégeage lumineux associée à des lâchers d'insectes marqués. Afin de mimer les émergences possibles des papillons à partir de chenilles hivernantes, les insectes colorés étainent lâchés dans une parcelle de blé (Triticum) (à antécédent cultural maïs), à égale distance de 4 pièges disposés dans 4 parcelles adjacentes. Les captures d'insectes colorés montrent clairement que les femelles quittent le blé et se dirigent vers le maïs, confirmant par là le rôle de l'antécédent cultural sur les infestations annuelles. Les captures d'insectes sauvages indiquent à cette époque une prédominance des mâles due probablement à la protandrie d'environ 8 jours chez l'espèce et à une mobilité naturelle supérieure à celle des femelles. Les implications écologiques et agronomiques de ces déplacements sont discutées et un schéma d'explication des différents types de mouvements des papillons de pyrale: déplacements d'émergence et déplacements quotidiens alternatifs, est proposé.
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    Sex pheromone of the female currant borer, Synanthedon tipuliformis: Identification and field evaluation (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 131-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol acetate ; Synanthedon tipuliformis ; currant borer ; Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; sex pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienylacetat und (Z)-13-Octadecenylacetat wurden in Ovipositor-Extrakten des Johannisbeerglasflüglers Synanthedon tipuliformis kapillar-gaschromatographisch nachgewiesen. Die Strukturen wurden mittels Gaschromatographisch-Massenspektrometrie bestätigt. Das Verhältnis Dien/Monoen im Extrakt betrug 93:7. Mischungen der beiden Komponenten wie auch (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienylacetat allein lockten im Freiland Männchen dieser Glasflüglerart an.
    Notes: Abstract (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate and (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol acetate have been identified from the ovipositor extracts of the currant borer, Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck), by capillary GC, and the structures were verified by GC-MS. The diene/monoene ratio in the extract was found to be 93:7. Mixtures of these two compounds as well as the diene alone attracted conspecific males in the field.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414499
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    Synergism of positional isomers in sex-attractant systems of clearwing moths (Sesiidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 311-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; clearwing moths ; Synanthedon ; sex attractants ; pheromone synergism ; pheromone receptors ; octadecadienyl acetates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221262
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    The disruption of proleg clasping by sublethal doses of chlordimeform in silk moth larvae: A possible mechanism of crop protection (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; behaviour ; formamidines ; pyrethroids ; prolegs ; crop protection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des doses sublétales de chlordiméforme (CDM), insecticide formamidine, injectées dans des chenilles de Saturniidae, provoquent divers effets comportementaux. Ceux-ci comprennent l'arrêt de l'alimentation, l'augmentation du taux de locomotion, une hyperactivité générale de la tête et de ses appendices, et des mouvements désordonnés des pattes; Une conséquence de ce dernier effet est une réduction de l'étreinte réelle du substrat par les chenilles. Il a été étudié en détail sur les chenilles de cinquième stade de Philosamia cynthia ricini. Pour toute une gamme de doses, les effets les plus nets ont été observés sur les fausses pattes. Ils on été évalués par une série d'observations continues de chenilles placées sur une baquette de bois, permettant d'observer clairement le comportement d'étreinte. Les effet étaient réversibles. Des comparaisons ont été réalisées en utilisant la cyperméthrine, insecticide pyréthroïde. Les chenilles traitées ont présenté un certain nombre de comportements d'irritation, mais aucune réponse spécifique d'étreinte n'a été notée. La discussion de ces résultats examine les possibilités d'action de CDM dans la nature. Compte tenu de l'importance jouée par les fausses pattes dans le maintien sur la plante, on peut envisager que la suppression de l'étreinte peut entraîner une protection efficace des cultures.
    Notes: Abstract General observations of the behavioural effects of sublethal doses of the fomamidine pesticide chlordimeform (CDM) on saturniid larvae led to a detailed investigation of the disruption of proleg clasping caused by CDM in Philosamia cynthia ricini Hutt. (Castor Silk Moth) larvae. Subjects received doses ranging from 5.09×10−3 to 19.3 μg/g body weight. Doses above 0.15 μg/g caused uncoordinated movements of the legs which led to reductions in the effective grip on the substrate. Greatest interference was recorded in the prolegs. The effects were reversible. Significance of these results is discussed in relation to their possible role in crop protection mechanisms. In investigating the degree of specificity of the observed effects as a mode of insecticidal action, larvae were treated with a pyrethroid compound, cypermethrin. Doses ranging from 0.002 to 0.842 μg/g resulted in reduction in the times the larvae spent firmly attached to the substrate. It is concluded that this is a consequence of an overall excitation caused by the insecticide, displayed as a number of described irritant behaviours, rather than any specific disruption of proleg action.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186152
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    Role of trichomes in soybean resistance to cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 109-117 
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    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Glycine max ; soybeans ; trichomes ; plant resistance ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'influence de la densité et de la longueur des trichomes de Glycine max sur la résistance à Trichoplusia ni a été évaluée suivant la position des feuilles sur une lignée résistante (‘PI 227687’) et sur un cultivar sensible (‘Davis’). Les feuilles apicales (juvéniles) tant de PI 227687 que de Davis, recouvertes de trichomes denses, résistèrent mieux à l'alimentation larvaire et à la survie de T. ni. Quand ces trichomes étaient éliminés, ces feuilles ne résistaient pas plus à l'alimentation des larves de T. ni que les feuilles non rasées TL3 et TL5 de PI 227687 ou toutes les autres feuilles de Davis. Les tests avec des extraits dans l'acétate d'éthyle et l'hexane de feuilles provenant de différentes positions de PI 227687 et Davis, destinés à mettre en évidence des phagodissuadants, ont montré que la résistance observée chez les feuilles apicales de Davis était attribuable aux trichomes (c'est-à-dire à un caractère morphologique), tandis que chez les mêmes feuilles de PI 227687 elle impliquait à la fois des trichomes (morphologie) et des substances chimiques, mais avec une prédominance de l'influence des trichomes.
    Notes: Abstract Role of leaf trichome density and length in Glycine max (L.) Merr. resistance to Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) was evaluated at different leaf positions on a relatively resistant soybean, plant introduction (PI) 227687, and a relatively susceptible cultivar, ‘Davis’. The uppermost (juvenile) leaf within both PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants, which is densely covered with trichomes, was most resistant to T. ni larval feeding and survival. When these trichomes were shaven off, such leaves became as susceptible to T. ni larval feeding as unshaven TL3 and TL5 leaves (PI 227687) or all other unshaven leaves (‘Davis’). Bioassays for antifeedants in ethyl acetate and hexane extractables from leaves at the different positions on PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants showed that the resistance observed in the uppermost ‘Davis’ leaf is attributable to trichomes (i.e., a morphological factor); whereas, in the uppermost PI 227687 leaf it involves both morphological (trichomes) and chemical factors, but the trichome parameter is dominant.
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    Cellobiase activity in the larvae of Eri silk worm,Philosamia ricini Hutt. (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 301-302 
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    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Philosamia ricini ; Eri silk worm ; cellobiose ; cellobiase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00629318
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    Immunohistochemical detection of subunit A(M) of lactate dehydrogenase in tissues of the developing chick (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 409-416 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Tissue distribution of LDH5 ; Developing chicken embryos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The distribution of A(M) subunits of lactate dehydrogenase (mainly LDH5) in developing muscle, heart, liver, lung, kidney and cartilage tissue of chicken embryos was examined by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Antibodies against porcine LDH5, purified by affinity chromatography, were used for this purpose. In special areas of newly formed myofibrils in somitic myoblasts fluorescence was already detected after 4 days of incubation, and located at the same place in muscle tissue of all advanced developmental stages examined. During the myotube stage of muscle development staining was also located in the peripheral thickened cytoplasma of the myotubes. The myocardium did not exhibit any fluorescent staining in the developmental stages examined. Endocardium, epicardium and pericardium, however, were fluorescent in young developmental stages. The liver showed fluorescence in 5- to 8-day embryos mainly in the endothelial cells of the blood sinusoids. In 9- to 12-day embryos the bile ducts became fluorescent. In lungs after 9- to 12-day development the epithelium and the surrounding tissues of bronchi exhibited strong immunofluorescence. The mesonephros exhibited faint granular fluorescence in tubule-forming cells and their membranes after 4–9 days of incubation. Advanced developmental stages only exhibited fluorescent blood cells. This latter staining is at least partly due to non-specific reactions of blood cell membranes with FITC-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG. Cartilage is characterized by non-specific fluorescence, but in embryos older than 8 days strong granular fluorescence of chondrocytes and staining of the perichondrium distinguished sections treated with anti-LDH5 antibodies from control sections reacted only with FITC-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG. In addition, strong fluorescent staining was detectable in certain areas of the 5-day neural tube and faint staining in the mucosa of the intestine from embryos older than 10 days.
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    Photoperiodically induced delayed insect metamorphosis: a larval oligopause inDiatraea saccharalis (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 267-269 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Diapause ; oligopause ; sugarcane borer ; Diatraea saccharalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sugarcane borers enter a state of delayed metamorphosis when exposed to a 12-h photophase at 21°C. Larval feeding, growth, and molting continues but pupation is suppressed under these conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02002630
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    Acyl fluorides as reactive mimics of aldehyde pheromones: hyperactivation and aphrodisiac inHeliothis virescens (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 964-966 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Acid fluoride ; aldehyde ; mating disruption ; pheromone analogs ; Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; fluorination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Substitution of fluorine for the aldehydic hydrogen provides behaviorally active, chemically reactive pheromone mimics. In male moths of the tobacco budwormHeliothis virescens, Z9–14:Acf and Z11–16:Acf cause hyperactivity and irreversible extension of the genitalia in over 80% of treated moths. In addition, a combination of the two components leads to 10–50% of the pairs involving one treated partner becoming locked in copula.
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    Influence of host plant and larval diet on ovarian productivity inAcrolepiopsis assectella Z. (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 448-450 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Acrolepiopsis assectella ; host plant ; larval diet ; ovarian production ; stimulation ; insemination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Females ofAcrolepiopsis assectella, reared on a semi-synthetic diet and laying on artificial substrates, do not respond to external stimuli by increasing ovarian production. When returned to the natural host (Allium porrum) for only one generation, ovarian production again rises and reaches the same level as in wild females, but its variability is strongly reduced. We conclude that selection under artificial conditions eliminates individuals which strictly depend on host plants for stimulation of larval nutrition and of reproduction.
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    Confirmation of sex pheromone biosynthesis from (16-D3)palmitic acid in the turnip moth using capillary gas chromatography (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1059-1061 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Agrotis segetum ; biosynthesis ; palmitic acid ; capillary gas chromatography ; deuterium ; polyethylene glycol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary (16-D3)palmitic acid was applied topically to pheromone glands of the turnip moth. After incubation omega labeled analogues of fatty acid methyl esters and acetates were identified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and selected ion monitoring. The pheromone components (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl- and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate were all biosynthesized from palmitic acid along a common pathway.
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    The adaptive significance of alpine melanism in the butterfly Parnassius phoebus F. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 205-213 
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    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Parnassius ; Lepidoptera ; Radiation ; Temperature ; Melanism ; Thermoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The adaptive significance of alpine melanism, the tendancy for insects to become darker with increased elevation and latitude, was investigated using the butterfly Parnassius phoebus. The effects on temperature dependent activity of five components of overall wing melanism, as well as size, were examined. The components of wing melanism examined were the transparency of the basal hindwing and distal fore-wing areas, the width of the black patch in the basal hind-wing area and the proportion of black to white scales in that area, and the proportion of the distal fore-wing covered by predominantly black scaling. The body temperature of dead specimens was correlated with air temperature, solar radiation, the width of the black patch at the base of the wings, and the proportion of black to white scales at the base of the wings. The minimum air temperatures and solar radiation levels required for initiation of flight did not vary with wing melanism of P. phoebus, in contrast to the results found for Colias butterflies by Roland (1982). However, under environmental conditions suitable for flight initiation, males with a higher proportion of black to white scales in the basal area of the hind-wing, and wider basal black patches, spent a greater proportion of time in flight at low air temperatures and low insolation. Increased basal wing melanism was also associated with increased movement of males within a population. In contrast, melanism in the distal area of the wings has no effect on activities which are dependant on body temperature. The amount of time spent feeding did not vary with differences in wing melanism. I suggest that in dorsal basking, slow-flying butterflies (Parnassius) basal wing color affects body temperature primarily during flight (rather than while basking), such that butterflies with darker wing bases cool down less rapidly because they absorb more solar radiation during flight.
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    Identification of sex pheromone components of jack pine budworm,Choristoneura pinus pinus freeman (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 159-167 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Choristoneura pinus pinus ; jack pine budworm ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; (E,Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E,Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical identification and field-trapping experiments have shown that a blend of 85∶15 (E,Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetates and 85∶15 (E,Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ols (in a 9∶1 ratio) are female sex pheromone components for jack pine budworm,Choristoneura pinus pinus. This blend of chemicals, formulated in PVC (0.1 %, w/w) sources is as effective a trap bait as virgin females. Preliminary wind tunnel observations have indicated that this blend, effective as a trap bait, is not equivalent to females.
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    Oviposition and feeding preferences of the southern pine coneworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for different host-plant materials and observations on monoterpenes as an oviposition stimulant (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 689-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Southern pine coneworm ; Dioryctria amatella (Hulst) ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; oviposition and feeding preference ; synthetic oviposition stimulant ; slash pine ; Pinus elliottii Engelm. var.elliottii ; monoterpenes ; fusiform rust ; Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miy. ex Shirai f. sp.fusiforme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bioassays were conducted with first-stage larvae and newly emerged females of the southern pine coneworm,Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), to detect feeding and ovipositional preferences for different host-plant materials collected between April and August. Correlations between measures of insect preferences and estimates of wood parameters indicated that larvae preferred to feed on host-plant materials with high moisture contents, low wood densities, and low monoterpene contents. Female moths, however, did not necessarily select those plant materials preferred by larvae for feeding, but tended to oviposit more frequently on materials with high monoterpene contents. A synthetic mixture of monoterpenes similar in composition to those present in fusiform rust galls of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) Englem. var.elliottii) elicited mating and oviposition behavior.
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    Kairomones for the egg parasiteTrichogramma evanescens Westwood (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 793-800 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma evanescens ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; Pieris brassicae ; Pieris rapae ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; kairomone ; oviposition ; deterring pheromone ; accessory gland ; egg parasite ; tricosane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In observation-cage experiments some new contact kairomones for the egg parasiteTrichogramma evanescens Westwood are demonstrated.T. evanescens females search significantly longer on cabbage leaves treated with the wing scales of two hosts,Pieris brassicae L. andP. rapae L. Further, egg washes ofP. brassicae containing an oviposition deterrent pheromone for the butterflies, were found to have a contact-kairomonal effect on the parasite.T. evanescens females search significantly longer on cabbage leaves sprayed with a methanol or water wash ofP. brassicae eggs than on leaves treated with the solvent only.
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    Synthesis of pungenin, a foliar constituent of some spruce species, and investigation of its efficacy as a feeding deterrent for spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 251-260 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Picea pungens ; Picea glauca ; feeding deterrent ; spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; pungenin ; protection of OH groups ; glucoside ; phenolic glucoside
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pungenin was synthesized from 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone by a short sequence involving manipulation of protecting groups on the 3 and 4 hydroxyl functions. Bioassays indicated that the glucoside is a modest feeding deterrent for sixth-instar spruce budworm larvae, but it does not appear to retard the development of small larvae or lead to increased mortality.
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    Ultrastructure of exocrine prothoracic gland ofDatana ministra (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) and the nature of its secretion (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 2039-2050 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Datana ministra ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; exocrine prothoracic gland ; ultrastructure ; dispersal pheromone ; dodecanol ; dodecyl acetate ; dodecyl formate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Datana ministra larvae possess a gland situated in the ventral anterior portion of the prothorax. The gland consists of a single sac and is only charged with secretion in the last instar. Its orifice, a simple slit, opens into a transverse invagination of the integument in the cervical margin of the prosternite. The components of the gland have been identified by GC and GCMS and have been shown to be dodecanol, dodecyl acetate, and dodecyl formate. The morphology of the gland and the chemistry of the secretion are discussed in relation to other notodontid larvae which have been investigated. It is conjectured that the secretion is not defensive in nature but may function as a dispersal pheromone.
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    Sex pheromone biosynthesis in the red-banded leafroller moth, studied by mass-labeling with stable isotopes and analysis with mass spectrometry (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 431-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Argyrotaenia velutinana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; red-banded leafroller ; biosynthesis ; sex pheromone ; mass-labeling ; deuterium labeling ; carbon-13 labeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A technique for mass-labeling was developed to study sex pheromone biosynthesis in the red-banded leafroller moth,Argyrotaenia velutinana. With this technique, the pheromone components and all fatty acyl groups in the pheromone gland were analyzed for incorporation of label in the same analytic ran with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, using chemical ionization and selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM-CI-MS). Sex pheromone glands were incubated with fatty acids or triacylglycerols labeled with at least three deuterium atoms or carbon-13 atoms. The results of these incubations support an interpretation in which hexadecanoate is chain shortened to tetradecanoate, which is desaturated to produce (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenoate precursors for the sex pheromone components (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate. Labeled (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecenoyl groups in synthetic triacylglycerols were not incorporated into the sex pheromone components, perhaps indicating that this lipid class is not a donor of the immediate fatty acyl precursors in sex pheromone biosynthesis.
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    Cardenolide connection between overwintering monarch butterflies from Mexico and their larval food plant,Asclepias syriaca (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1157-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Danaus plexippus ; monarch butterflies ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; Asclepiadaceae ; milkweeds ; Asclepias syriaca ; Asclepias speciosa ; ecological chemistry ; chemical defense ; cardenolides ; aspecioside ; desglucosyrioside ; syriobioside ; overwintering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The majority (85%) of 394 monarch butterflies sampled from overwintering sites in Mexico contain the same epoxy cardenolide glycosides, including most conspicuously a novel polar glycoside with a single genin-sugar bridge (aspecioside), as occur in the milkweedsAsclepias speciosa andA. syriaca. This cardenolide commonality was established by isolating aspecioside and syriobioside from the wings of overwintering monarchs and the two plant species, and comparing Chromatographie and NMR spectrometric characteristics of the isolates. When combined with the migratory pattern of monarchs and the distribution of these two milkweed species, this chemical evidence lends strong support to the hypothesis thatA. syriaca is the major late summer food plant of monarchs in eastern North America. This finding may be of ecological importance, forA. syriaca contributes less cardenolide and cardenolides of lower emetic potency to monarchs than most milkweeds studied to date.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01639002
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    Studies on identification and syntheses of insect pheromones XXII (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1263-1271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Paranthrene tabaniformis ; poplar twig clearwing moth ; sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Aegeriidae ; (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (E,Z)-3,13-Octadecadien-1-ol (la) was identified as the sex pheromone from the poplar twig clearwing moth,Paranthrene tabaniformis, females by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, synthesis, and laboratory bioassays. In the field tests, a trap baited with 200 μg synthetic la caught more male moths than two live female moths.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012346
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    Stereoselective synthesis of (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate: Sex attractant for carpenterworm moth,Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) and effect of isomers and monounsaturated acetates on its attractiveness (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 619-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Prionoxystus robiniae ; Lepidoptera ; Cossidae ; Carpenterworm ; sex attractant ; (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate ; inhibition ; synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new efficient stereoselective synthesis for (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z3,E5–14∶Ac) a potent male sex attractant for the carpenterworm,Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck), was developed. The effects of the other three isomers (Z,Z; E,Z; E,E) on the field attractiveness of theZ,E isomer toward maleP. robiniae were determined. TheZ, Z isomer inhibited attraction, theE, E isomer synergized attraction, and theE,Z isomer had no effect on attraction. Seven monounsaturated 14-carbon acetates were evaluated for their effect on the attractiveness ofZ3,E5–14∶Ac. (E)-3-Tetradecenyl acetate enhanced attraction and (Z)-9- and (E)-5-tetradecenyl acetate reduced trap captures. (Z,E)-3,5-Tetradecadien-1-ol also reduced the attractiveness ofZ3,E5–14∶Ac.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012097
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    Euphydryas anicia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) utilization of iridoid glycosides fromCastilleja andBesseya (Scrophulariaceae) host plants (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1459-1468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Euphydryas anicia ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; Castilleja integra ; Besseya plantaginea ; Besseya alpina ; iridoid glycosides ; catalpol ; macfadienoside ; sequestration ; plant-insect interactions ; herbivory ; ecological chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Iridoid glycosides were found to be sequestered by natural populations ofEuphydryas anicia after ingestion from the host plantsBesseya alpina, B. plantaginea, andCastilleja integra. Both major iridoids ofB. alpina, cataipol and aucubin, were found in butterfly populations where this was the only host plant. The catalpol-aucubin ratio was higher in the butterflies than in the host plant. AnE. anicia population which uses bothB. plantaginea andC. integra as host plants was found to sequester cataipol as well as another iridoid, macfadienoside. Macfadienoside was the major iridoid ofC. integra, while catalpol esters were the major iridoids ofB. plantaginea. Although it was a major sequestered iridoid, catalpol was a minor constituent in both host plants. The macfadienoside-catalpol ratio in the butterflies from this population was highly variable, and there appeared to be both sex and individual variation in host plant and/or iridoid glucoside utilization byE. anicia. Although other iridoids were present in the host plants, none was sequestered in more than trace amounts.
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    Behavioral and growth responses of specialist herbivore,Homoeosoma electellum, to major terpenoid of its host,Helianthus SPP (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1505-1521 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chemical defense ; feeding behavior ; glandular trichomes ; Helianthus ; herbivory ; Homoeosoma electellum ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; host-plant resistance ; plant-insect interactions ; sesquiterpene lactones ; terpenoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The responses of a sunflower specialist,Homoeosoma electellum, the sunflower moth, to the terpenoids produced by its host plant,Helianthus, were measured. Larvae were reared on synthetic diet containing one of three concentrations of the dominant sesquiterpene lactone found in glandular trichomes ofH. maximilliani. Treatments were initiated at each of three larval ages. Pupal weight was significantly reduced, but the effect diminished as the larvae aged. Survival and development time were unaffected by various treatments. In behavioral tests, larvae showed no preference for untreated synthetic diet compared to diet containing the secondary compound at a concentration of 1% by dry weight. When the concentration was raised to 5%, all but last-instar larvae showed a significant preference for the untreated diet. A second behavioral test measured the damage done to whole florets and an array of floral parts offered to larvae of different ages. The damage pattern of floral tissues changed as the larvae grew older, demonstrating that the willingness of larvae to eat tissues contaminated with trichome contents increased with age. The value of the glandular trichome contents as a defense againstH. electellum is discussed.
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    Double-bond location in monounsaturated fatty acids by dimethyl disulfide derivatization and mass spectrometry: Application to analysis of fatty acids in pheromone glands of four lepidoptera (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 265-277 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fatty acid analysis ; double-bond location ; dimethyl disulfide adducts ; mass spectrometry ; pheromone ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; C. occidentalis ; C. pinus pinus ; Plusia chalcites ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A rapid analytical procedure for the determination of the position of double bonds in mixtures of monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters has been developed. The method is based on direct capillary GC-MS-EI analysis of dimethyl disulfide adducts. The procedure was applied to mixtures of monounsaturated fatty esters from pheromone gland extracts of three tortricids from theChoristoneura genus,C. fumiferana, C. occidentalis, andC. pinus pinus, and one noctuid from the Plusiinae subfamily,Plusia chalcites. A correlation was found between the known major pheromone components in the four species with the corresponding fatty acids. Some of the additional fatty acids may be precursors to as yet unidentified minor pheromone components, present in extremely small quantities, in these species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411414
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    Female sex pheromone of the melonworm,Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and analysis of male responses to pheromone in a flight tunnel (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 229-237 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diaphania hyalinata ; D. nitidalis ; melonworm ; pickleworm ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; sex pheromone ; insect behavior ; flight tunnel ; 10,12-hexadecadienal ; 11-hexadecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ten C16 chain-length compounds were identified from heptane extracts of ovipositors of female melonworm,Diaphania hyalinata (L.). The major constituents of the extracts were (E)-11-hexadecenal and (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal [(E,E)-10,12–16:Ald] and the alcohols and acetates of these olefins were found in trace amounts (〈2%). Extracts also contained traces of (E,Z)- and (Z,Z)-10,12-16:Ald, hexadecanal, and 1-hexadecanol. Analysis of the behavioral responses of males to synthetic mixtures of these compounds and responses to ovipositor extracts in a flight tunnel showed that a synthetic mixture of the 10 compounds elicited a behavioral repertoire from males that was indistinguishable from that elicited by ovipositor extract. Flight tunnel studies also indicated that six of the 10 compounds probably represent the essential components of the female's sex pheromone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045606
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    Dietary effects of phytoecdysones in the leek-moth,Acrolepiopsis assectella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1979-1986 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allium porrum L. ; Liliaceae ; Acrolepiopsis assectella Zell. ; leek-moth ; Lepidoptera ; Acrolepiidae ; ecdysone ; ecdysteroids ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; 5,20-dihydroxyecdysone ; 20-hydroxy ; 25-deoxyecdysone ; ecdysial failures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation of certain phytoecdysones (ecdysterone, polypodine B, and ponasterone A) into a semisynthetic artificial diet induces pathophysiological effects in larvae of the leek-moth (Acrolepiopsis assectella Zell., Acrolepiidae). The effects include lethality of the newly hatched, first-instar larvae; special ecdysial failures associated with the appearance of larvae with two head capsules; and developmental anomalies during metamorphosis. The effective range of dietary ecdysteroid, as evaluated by larval mortality, varies from 25 to 250 ppm. The EC50 value is 100 ppm for polypodine B and 130 ppm for ecdysterone. The dietary effects of the phytoecdysones are similar to the previously observed effects caused by the dried flowers, but not leaves, of the leek plant. However, the active compound of the leek flowers is a saponin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041947
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    Pheromone biosynthesis and role of functional groups in pheromone specificity (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 335-351 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Acetate esters ; alcohols ; aldehydes ; fatty acid biosynthesis ; insect pheromones ; Lepidoptera ; pheromone biosynthesis ; spruce budworm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex attractants for many Lepidoptera are long-chain, monounsaturated acetate esters, alcohols, and aldehydes. In vivo metabolic studies and enzyme analysis in vitro have provided evidence that the aldehyde pheromone of the eastern spruce budworm is synthesized de novo via an acetate ester precursor. Interconversion of the functional groups (ester, alcohol, aldehyde) can explain differences in the pheromone blends used by closely related species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020560
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    Coexistence of bombesin and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the cutaneous gland of the frog, Bombina orientalis (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 25-29 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Frog skin ; Bombina orientalis ; Cutaneous gland ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence histochemistry were applied to the skin of the frog, Bombina orientalis, to detect the localization of bombesin and 5-hydroxytryptamine. The dermal layer contains three types (type 1, 2 and 3) of cutaneous glands but only the type-1 gland simultaneously contains bombesin and 5-hydroxytryptamine. This result suggests for the first time the coexistence of a bioactive peptide and monoamine in a cutaneous gland of the frog.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214898
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    Immunohistochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 299-304 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; CRF ; Hypothalamus ; Coturnix quail ; Adrenalectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the Japanese quail was studied by means of the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. CRF-immunopositive perikarya of parvocellular neurons were observed mainly in the nucleus praeopticus medialis and nucleus paraventricularis. Additional perikarya were also detected in the nucleus hypothalamicus posterior medialis in the hypothalamus and in the non-hypothalamic nucleus accumbens, nucleus septalis lateralis and nucleus dorsomedialis and dorsolateralis thalami. No CRF immunoreaction was found to coexist with the vasotocin (Vt)-containing system in comparative examination of consecutive sections treated with anti-vasopressin (Vp) serum. The CRF-immunoreactive fibers were detected mainly in the external layer of the anterior median eminence but not in its posterior division. Unilateral adrenalectomy induced the marked reduction in number of the CRF immunopositive fibers in the anterior median eminence.
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    Ontogenesis of gastrin cells in the pyloric antrum and duodenum of the mouse (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 531-535 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrin cell ; Pyloric mucosa ; Ontogenesis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ontogenesis of gastrin cells was studied in the pyloroduodenal mucosa of the mouse using anti-human G17 serum, R-1301, and anti-human G34(1–15) serum, R-2703. R-1301-immunostained cells first appeared in the pyloric mucosa of 14-day-old fetuses. Cells stained with both R-1301 and R-2703 appeared immediately after birth, and gradually increased in number to the adult level. Most R-1301-reactive cells were also reactive to R-2703, whereas some cells that reacted with R-1301 exhibited very weak or no reaction with R-2703. The discrepancy between these two immunoreactivities is discussed. In the duodenum, a considerable number of R-1301-reactive cells were present from the perinatal stage and through out adult development. A few R-2703-reactive cells were seen in the duodenum of young mice but not of the adult.
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    Appearance and distribution of fetal brain macrophages in mice (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 271-278 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain macrophage ; Fetus ; Histogenesis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study on the localization of fetal and neonatal brain macrophages of mice from embryonic day 10 (E10) to postnatal day 21 (P21) was carried out immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody against a macrophage differentiation antigen (Mac-1) and the labeled avidin-biotin technique. In the central nervous system, the macrophages recognized first were mainly located in the choroid plexuses of the fourth and lateral ventricles at E14. Their number increased at E17–P3 and gradually decreased thereafter. In the cerebral parenchyma, a few macrophages appeared at E14 in the matrix cell layer. They were also detected in the migrating zone at E15, E17 and in the cortical plate at E19. Mapping of positive cells at the stage of neuroblast formation (E15, E17, E19) disclosed the precise distribution of cerebral macrophages. The macrophages that appeared first in the choroid plexuses at E15 may be derived from the subarachnoid vessels, which extend into the stroma of the choroid plexuses when the matrix cell layer invaginates into the lateral ventricle to form the choroid plexuses. Almost all of the macrophages recognized in the cerebral parenchyma disappeared at P9 when the cytoarchitecture seemed to be completed. In the cerebellum, which develops later than the cerebrum, macrophages appeared after birth and were located mainly in the internal granular layer. The brain macrophages always appeared in the regions where cell proliferation and brain remodeling are most active at each stage. These findings suggest that fetal and neonatal brain macrophages may play an important role in scavenging degenerated cells and cell debris during histogenesis of the central nervous system.
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    Studies of the guinea-pig epididymis (1985)
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    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 395-404 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epididymis ; Innervation ; Neuropeptides ; Substance P ; Vasoactive intestine polypeptide (VIP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the ductuli efferentes and seven zones of the guinea-pig epididymis was investigated using immunohistochemical, histochemical and electron-micro-scopical techniques. Nerve fibers were localized by use of antibodies against substance P (SP-IR), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP-IR) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH-IR). In the ductuli efferentes and all zones of the epididymal duct, SP-IR is consistently observed in the interstitial tissue and perivascular areas. Histochemistry reveals a significant amount of acetylcholinesterase-containing fibers in the interstitial, perivascular and periductal smooth muscles of the ductuli efferentes and zones V, VI and VII. In contrast to the homogeneous distribution of SP-IR within all zones of the epididymis, VIP-IR is seen only in zones VI and VII. Within these zones, VIP-IR is detected in large amounts in the subepithelial and muscular layers as is a sparse number of SP-IR varicosities. DBH-IR is also seen throughout all zones in the interstitial and perivascular regions with a tendency to increase in zones VI and VII. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals evidence of a cholinergic (agranular vesicles, AGV), adrenergic (small granular vesicles, SGV) and peptidergic (large granular vesicles, LGV) innervation throughout the interstitial connective tissue of the ductuli efferentes and all epididymal zones. Furthermore AGV are localized in the subepithelial layer, and also co-stored with LGV in the muscular layer of zones VI and VII. No nerve profiles were encountered within the epithelium. Correlation of immunohistochemical findings to TEM counterparts as well as their possible functional role are discussed.
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    Immunohistochemical demonstration of renin in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of three Bufo species (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 677-682 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular cells ; Renin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Movat silver impregnation ; Bufo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular localization of renin was examined in the kidneys of some amphibians of the genus Bufo by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques with an antiserum to renin isolated from the submandibular gland of the mouse. Immunoreactivity could be demonstrated in the media cells of the afferent arterioles (juxtaglomerular cells) close to as well as at great distance from the glomeruli. Occasionally, media cells of larger arterial vessels were also stained. The immunohistochemical data seem to be in accordance with earlier results obtained with a modified silver impregnation technique (Movat's staining procedure) used for the visualization of juxtaglomerular cells in non-mammalian vertebrates. Mouse kidney tissue, studied for purposes of comparison, showed renin-immunoreactivity as described by earlier investigators, i.e., immunoreactive staining in the afferent arterioles near the glomeruli and in the proximal tubule cells.
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    Immunohistochemical localization of S-100 protein in the retina, ciliary body and iris of human fetuses (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 505-510 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: S-100 protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retina ; Ciliary body ; Iris ; Human fetus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study deals with the localization and development of S-100 protein-like immunoreactivity in the retina, ciliary body and iris of human fetuses. In the retina, numerous astrocytes, densely distributed in the nerve-fiber layer and ganglion-cell layer, were stained strongly with the S-100 antiserum. The first immunoreactive astrocytes occurred at the posterior pole of the retina and spread gradually outward and toward the ora serrata with increasing age. Müller cells were not immunoreactive for S-100 during development, except in the retina of the latest fetus examined. S-100 immunoreactivity was also found in the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium and posterior epithelium of the iris, both of which are developed from the inner wall of the optic cup. On the other hand, the pigmented epithelium extending from retina to iris, derived from the outer layer of the optic cup, was free of S-100 immunoreactivity.
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    Autophagocytosis in the larval midgut cells of Pieris brassicae during metamorphosis (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 215-221 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Larval midgut ; Lepidoptera ; 20-Hydroxyecdysone ; Autophagy ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We observed three types of cells in the epithelial layer of the midgut of last instars of Pieris brassicae. The columnar and goblet cells degenerate during the second part of the last larval stage while the undifferentiated basal cells proliferate during this period and create the epithelium of the pupal midgut. The first morphological sign of involution is the formation of autophagic vacuoles and dense bodies in the cytoplasm of columnar and goblet cells which begins on day 4 of the stage. The number and size of autophagic vacuoles and dense bodies increase during the spinning period (85–96 h). Finally, at the end of the stage, the columnar and goblet cells become displaced by the growing pupal epithelium and reach the lumen where they disintegrate. Autophagocytosis was not seen in the cells during the feeding period (0–72 h). However, we observed many autophagic vacuoles in the columnar and goblet cells of 50-h-old instars 3 h after the administration of 30 μg/g body weight of 20-hydroxyecdysone. The hormone treatment elevated by 100% the incorporation of 3H-leucine into the proteins of the midgut. Inhibitors of protein synthesis, cycloheximide and puromycin, in doses that supressed the incorporation of the amino acid by 60–70% either in hormone treated or untreated larvae, exerted diverse effects on the autophagic process. Puromycin did not block the hormone-induced formation of autophagic vacuoles while cycloheximide prevented it. Possible explanations for this diversity are discussed.
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    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the midgut of the cockroach Blaberus craniifer (Insecta, Dictyoptera) (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 323-332 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammalian-like peptides ; Insect midgut ; Immunohistochemistry ; Endocrine-cell ultrastructure ; Peptidergic and serotoninergic innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The midgut of Blaberus craniifer is principally made up of columnar epithelial cells which are derived from small regenerative cells found grouped in nidi. Between them, small sparsely granulated cells with clear cytoplasm can be observed lying on the basal lamina. Mainly based on the size, shape and texture of their secretory granules, at least ten types of such endocrine cells have been identified. Five cell types contain a uniform population of dense granules: (1) medium-sized, round to oval granules; (2) small elongated granules; (3) large irregular granules; (4) oval granules with a highly osmiophilic core; (5) oval, haloed granules. Five others are characterized by a heterogeneous population of granules: (6) small, round to oval, variably electron-dense granules; (7) oval medium-sized granules of variable electron density; (8) large irregular granules of variable electron density; (9) small dense granules and large vesicles with filamentous material; (10) small dense granules and very large pale vesicles. In addition, near the regenerative cells, large cells characterized by very large, irregular, dense granules (up to 4 μm), lack contact with the lumen, and reach the basal lamina only by slender cytoplasmic processes. Several antisera raised against mammalian peptides and amine were used to reveal axonal fibers and endocrine cells. Serotonin-like immunoreactivity is localized in a profuse innervation of the muscle layers that surround the epithelium, whereas cholecystokinin and methionine-enkephalin antisera stain a more moderate number of axonal fibers. Cholecystokinin-, methionine-enkephalin-, substance P-, vasoactive intestinal peptide-, somatoliberin-, and gonadoliberin-like immunoreactivities were detected in endocrine cells of the epithelium. While most of the cells appear pyramidal, oval, fusiform or bowl-shaped, and seem to lack contact with the lumen, cells reaching it have been detected reacting with antisera to cholecystokinin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatoliberin and gonadoliberin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222342
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    Immunohistochemical evidence for a magnocellular somatostatin cell group in the anterior paraventricular thalamus of the rat (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 683-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin (SRIF, GHR-IF) ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Thalamus ; Retrograde tracing ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of the indirect immunofluorescence technique a small group of large somatostatin-positive neurons is described in the subependymal area of the anterior paraventricular thalamus of the male rat. Retrograde-tracing experiments suggest that they project to areas outside the blood-brain barrier.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215212
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    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on non-ciliated cells of the tracheal epithelium of normal, phenobarbital-treated, and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 501-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Non-ciliated tracheal cell ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non-ciliated SER-rich cells of the tracheal epithelium of normal, phenobarbital-treated and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. The apical portion of these cells protrudes into the tracheal lumen, especially in the mice treated with the two compounds, and the apical cytoplasm is filled with numerous tubular elements of SER. Besides, the non-ciliated cells of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice show a strong positive reaction to the antiserum against microsomal cytochrome P-450 of liver. These findings support the concept that the non-ciliated tracheal cell may be involved in the metabolism of endogeneous and exogeneous chemical compounds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222368
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    CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamus (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 575-584 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF neurons ; Neurosecretory neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Colchicine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunoreactive CRF-neurons of the rat hypothalamus have been examined immunohistochemically employing anti-rat CRF serum. These neurons are confined to the paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial-lateral hypothalamic area, and suprachiasmatic nucleus, and are, respectively, also immunoreactive to anti-Met-enk, -alpha-MSH, and -VIP sera. Intraventricular administration of colchicine (50 μg/5 μl/rat) induces a dramatic enhancement of the immunostainability of the cell somata, and also accelerates the development of immunoreactivity of other stored peptides, especially in the paraventricular nucleus. The CRF-neurons respond to adrenalectomy by showing increased immunoreactivity and an increase in the number of cell bodies; in the dorsomedial-lateral area and suprachiasmatic nucleus, there is also an enhanced immunoreactivity for alpha-MSH and VIP, respectively. CRF-cells in the paraventricular nucleus become markedly hypertrophied, but do not show any enhanced immunoreactivity for Met-enk. Since the axons of the paraventricular neurons run to the median eminence, it is probable that they are involved with the endocrine control of hypophysial ACTH release. It is concluded that the CRF-containing neurons in rat hypothalamus consist of three types which are functionally and morphologically different.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216347
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    Thyroglobulin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of Eisenia foetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta) (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroglobulin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nervous system ; Annelids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies were performed by use of specific rabbit antisera and purified antibodies to human Tg on cephalic and body sections of Eisenia foetida and on cephalic sections of Lumbricus terrestris. Secondary antisera, either fluorescein- or peroxidase-conjugated, were used to identify the immunoreaction. Immunoreactive perikarya and some immunoreactive nerve fibres were detected in both the cerebral ganglion and the ventral nerve cord of E. foetida. From 8 to 19 Tg-like positive neurons per frontal section were observed in the brain, mainly in the dorsal zone. From 2 to 4 positive perikarya per ganglion were found in sagittal sections of the ventral nerve cord with a repetitive distribution. Numerous positive neurons were also found in the cephalic segments of L. terrestris. The present results indicate that a substance immunologically related to mammalian Tg is synthesized in earthworms. This suggests that some conservative sequences of Tg structure arose very early in evolution and supports the idea of a common evolutionary origin for endocrine and nervous systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217190
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    The postnatal development of cell populations in the rat popliteal lymph node (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 391-398 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Development, ontogenetic ; Lymph nodes ; Non-lymphoid cells ; Lymphocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The postnatal development of the various cell populations in the rat popliteal lymph node was investigated applying enzyme-histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. From birth, T-lymphocytes and interdigitating cells were demonstrable. During the development of the young lymph node, T-lymphocytes of the helper phenotype outnumbered the T-cells with a suppressor phenotype; they account for approximately 70% and 30% of all T-lymphocytes, respectively. At the very first day of postnatal life, post-capillary venules were already present. B-lymphocytes occurred later than T-cells during ontogeny; they were found on the second day after birth, most of them being IgM- or IgG-bearing lymphocytes. The first primary follicles occurred at day 18 and contained principally membrane-stained IgM cells and, to a lesser extent, membrane-stained IgG cells. The appearance of follicular dendritic cells correlated with the formation of primary follicles. With respect to the macrophages, it appeared that the ED1- and ED3-positive subpopulations were present with a similar distributional pattern as seen in adults, but in considerably lower numbers. The expression of ED2, however, showed a sudden increase in the third week of life. Findings of the present study are discussed in relation to those obtained in other investigations dealing with the ontogenetic development of lymphoid organs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214553
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    Immunocytochemical and biochemical localization of parvalbumin in the retina (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 213-217 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ca2+-binding protein ; Parvalbumin ; Retina ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Mammals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular distribution of parvalbumin-like immunoreactivity (PA-LI) in normal retina of rat, monkey, and human was investigated by immunohistochemical peroxidase antiperoxidase methods, and the levels of PA-LI in normal rat retina and brain were measured by radioimmunoassay. The antibody, raised in rabbits using rat skeletal muscle parvalbumin, did not cross-react with other Ca2+-binding proteins such as calmodulin or S-100 proteins. In rat retina, PA-LI-containing cells are located in the proximal inner nuclear layer and send processes to the external half of the internal plexiform layer, suggesting that they are amacrine cells. In monkey and human retina, PA-LI positive cells exist in the outermost sublayer of inner nuclear layer, and PA-LI-containing fibers that extend horizontally are found in the internal zone of outer plexiform layer. The radioimmunoassay revealed that the rat retina contained 1710±91 ng PA-LI/mg protein, the levels of which were higher than that of brain (881±165 ng PA-LI/mg protein). These results show an additional location for PA-LI outside skeletal muscle and brain, and also provide information on the function of interneurons of retina, which are still poorly understood.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221870
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    Distributional pattern of serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat, cat and monkey (Macaca fuscata) (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 249-253 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibers ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Cat ; Monkey (Macaca fuscata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the rat, cat, and monkey (Macaca fuscata) was studied by use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and an antiserum against serotonin. In all three species, the pattern of fibers was denser in the ventral portion of the LGN (LGNv) than in the dorsal nuclear portion (LGNd). In the LGNd of rat, serotonin-immunoreactive fibers were evenly distributed in the form of a dense network, but in cat and monkey there were marked regional differences. Serotonin-immunoreactive elements were most numerous in the C complex and medial interlaminal nucleus of cat, and in the S layer and interlaminar zones of Macaca fuscata.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251038
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    Distribution and characterization of the opioid octapeptide met5-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 77-85 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Met5-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 ; Enkephalin ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Immunohistochemistry ; Opioid peptides ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and characterization of the opioid octapeptide met5-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 (met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8) within the gastrointestinal tract of the rat has been determined by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay by use of a newly developed antibody to met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8. With both techniques, met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8-immunoreactivity (met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8IR) was detected in all regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract except the esophagus. The highest concentration of immunoreactive met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8 was observed in the colon, while intermediate concentrations were found in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Immunostained somata were observed chiefly in the myenteric plexus; immunostained processes were present primarily in the myenteric plexus and the circular muscle layer. This distribution pattern is similar to that previously observed with antiserum to met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7 (met5-enk-arg6phe7). Chromatographic analysis of met5-enk-arg6-gly7leu8-immunoreactive peptides extracted from the GI tract revealed the presence of an immunoreactive peptide of high molecular weight which accounted for approximately three-quarters of met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8-IR in both stomach and colon. These findings suggest a role for peptides related to the octapeptide met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8 in the regulation of GI function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218384
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    Differences in marker expression among branched histiocytic cells in T-cell areas of the lymphoreticular system and among their epidermis- and mucosa-associated equivalents (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 471-478 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Branched histiocytic cells ; T-zone histiocytes ; Intraepithelial histiocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Branched histiocytic cells of the epidermis, the oral and anal mucosa, the tonsillar crypt epithelium, the thymus and of the T-cell-dependent areas of lymph node, spleen, and tonsil were examined with immunohistochemical single- and double-staining techniques. The markers used were a monoclonal anti-T6-antibody, a monoclonal anti-HLA-DR-antibody, heteroantiserum to S-100 protein and peanut agglutinin. Anti-HLA-DR and peanut agglutinin reacted with a considerable number of branched histiocytic cells, whereas anti-T6 and anti-S-100 protein only stained relatively small subpopulations. Concerning the population of branched histiocytic cells, double-staining revealed that the tissue distributions of all the markers used overlapped each other to various degrees; this was demonstrated by the different numbers of double-stained cells obtained in the experiments using all six possible combinations of primary reagents. The number of branched histiocytic cells co-expressing the markers varied depending upon marker combinations, types of tissue and microenvironment. We suggest that much of the immunologic phenotype of branched histiocytic cells is dynamic rather than static.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212524
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    Substance P-immunoreactive neurons in the brainstem of the cat related to cardiovascular centers (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 31-41 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substance P ; Cardiovascular system ; Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mapping ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of substance P-immunoreactivity (SP-IR) in the brainstem and spinal cord of normal and colchicine-pretreated cats was analysed using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. Numerous SP-IR fibers are present in the nucleus solitarius, nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi and nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, various parts of the formatio reticularis, substantia grisea centralis mesencephali, locus coeruleus and nucleus parabrachialis. SP-IR perikarya occur in the substantiae gelatinosa and intermedia of the spinal cord, the nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini-pars caudalis, the nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi, and the nucleus solitarius, as well as in the adjacent formatio reticularis and the medullary nuclei of the raphe. In addition, SP-IR cell bodies are located in the nuclei raphe magnus and incertus, ventral and dorsal to the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (Gudden), nucleus raphe dorsalis, substantia grisea centralis mensencephali, locus coeruleus, nucleus parabrachialis and colliculus superior. The results indicate that SP-IR neurons may be involved in the regulation of cardiovascular functions both at the central and peripheral level. A peripheral afferent portion seems to terminate in the nucleus solitarius and an efferent part is postulated to originate from the nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi and from the area of the nuclei retroambiguus, ambiguus and retrofacialis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214623
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    Neuropeptides in the gastrointestinal canal of Necturus maculosus (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 565-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Enteric nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gut motility ; Necturus maculosus (Urodele)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence and distribution of regulatory peptides in nerves and endocrine cells of the stomach, intestine and rectum of a urodele amphibian, the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus, was studied immunohistochemically in sections or whole-mount preparations of the gut wall. The effect of the occurring peptides on gut motility was studied in isolated strip preparations of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle from different parts of the gut. Bombesin-, neurotensin-, substance P- and VIP-like immunoreactivity was present in abundant nerve fibres in the myenteric plexus of both stomach, intestine and rectum. Single fibres or bundles were present in the circular muscle layer and in a well-developed deep muscular plexus in the intestine and rectum. Immunoreactive nerve cells were found in the myenteric plexus of the stomach, intestine (neurotensin only) and rectum. Gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity was observed only in a few fibres in stomach and rectum. Endocrine cells containing bombesin-, met-enkephalin-, gastrin/CCK-, neurotensin-, somatostatin- or substance P- like immunoreactivity were present in the mucosa. The effect of bombesin was an inhibition of the rhythmic activity in circular muscle preparations and in longitudinal muscle from the rectum, while longitudinal muscle from the stomach usually responded with a weak increase in tonus. Neurotensin, like bombesin, was inhibitory on the spontaneous rhythmic activity of circular muscle throughout the gut, while the effect on longitudinal muscle was an increase in tonus. Met-enkephalin and substance P increased the tonus of all types of preparations, and often, in addition, initiated a rhythmic activity superimposed on this maintained tonus. VIP had a general inhibitory effect on the preparations, decreasing tonus and/or abolishing rhythmic activity. It is concluded that bombesin-, neurotensin-, substance P- and VIP-like peptides are present in nerves throughout the urodele gut and may have physiological functions in regulating the motility of the gut. The gastrin/CCK-like peptide present in nerves of the stomach and rectum may affect the function of these parts of the gut. The regulatory peptides present in endocrine cells may, perhaps with the exception of the somatostatin-like peptide, affect the motility humorally.
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    Comparative distribution of neuropeptide tyrosine-,vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-immunoreactive, acetylcholinesterase-positive and noradrenergic nerves in the reproductive tract of the female rat (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 475-490 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Female reproductive tract ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptide tyrosine ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Substance P ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Location, distribution and density of nerve fibers immunoreactive to neuropeptide tyrosine, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P were studied in the reproductive tract of the female rat and compared with acetylcholinesterase-positive (“cholinergic”) and noradrenergic nerves. Plexuses of all types of fibers were present in the vagina, uterine cervix, uterine horn and oviduct. In the tubular reproductive organs all of these types of nerve fibers appeared to innervate vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle and nearly all types of fibers formed plexuses subjacent to the epithelium lining the organs. Individual fibers of all classes appeared to innervate fascicles of smooth muscle in the mesometrium of the uterine horn. A few acetylcholinesterase-positive and substance P-immunoreactive fibers were present in the ovary but no vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves were observed. Noradrenergic and neuropeptide tyrosine-immunoreactive nerves were numerous in the ovary where they were seen in the interstitial gland tissue and associated with follicles and blood vessels. It is suggested that these nerves may influence hemodynamic events and non-vascular smooth muscle in such functions as transport of sperm and ova and parturition. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers are likely to be sensory fibers that could have roles in neurohormonal reflexes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225412
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    Quadriflagellar primary spermatocytes in the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 681-683 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatocyte ; Flagella ; SEM ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface morphology of primary spermatocytes from testicular cysts of the last instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At this stage, each primary spermatocyte possesses four developing flagella, directed towards the lumen of the cyst. The identical length of flagella in all primary spermatocytes from a single cyst indicates that the initiation and rate of flagellar growth are synchronized. Some asynchrony can, however, be observed in the translocation of flagella to secondary spermatocytes during the first meiotic division.
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    A reinvestigation of the Gn-RH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) systems in the goldfish brain using antibodies to salmon Gn-RH (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 327-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone ; Teleosts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuroendocrine control ; Reproduction ; Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The organization of Gn-RH systems in the brain of teleosts has been investigated previously by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against the mammalian decapeptide which differs from the teleostean factor. Here, we report the distribution of immunoreactive Gn-RH in the brain of goldfish using antibodies against synthetic teleost peptide. Immunoreactive structures are found along a column extending from the rostral olfactory bulbs to the pituitary stalk. Cell bodies are observed within the olfactory nerves and bulbs, along the ventromedial telencephalon, the ventrolateral preoptic area and the latero-basal hypothalamus. Large perikarya are detected in the dorsal midbrain tegmentum, immediately caudal to the posterior commissure. A prominent pathway was traced from the cells located in the olfactory nerves through the medial olfactory tract and along all the perikarya described above to the pituitary stalk. In the pituitary, projections are restricted to the proximal pars distalis. A second immunoreactive pathway ascends more dorsally in the telencephalon and arches to the periventricular regions of the diencephalon. Part of this pathway forms a periventricular network in the dorsal and posterior hypothalamus, whereas other projections continue caudally to the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord. Lesions of the ventral preoptic area demonstrate that most of the fibers detected in the pituitary originate from the preoptic region.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219208
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    Evidence for the presence of Calbindin-D 28K (CaBP-28K) in the tibial growth cartilages of rats (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 331-335 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calbindin-D 28K (CaBP-28K) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Growth cartilage ; Vitamin D ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of the vitamin-D dependent calcium-binding protein (Calbindin-D 28K) (CaBP-28K) in the tibial growth plate cartilage of the rat has been studied immunohistochemically using an antibody raised against rat renal CaBP-28K. The protein was detected mainly in the nuclei of chondrocytes and occasionally in the juxta-nuclear cytoplasm. The distribution was not uniform throughout the growth plate, but concentrated in the proliferatively active chondrocytes of the resting and proliferative zones. These findings raise the possibility that CaBP-28K may be involved in the mitotic activity of the chondrocytes, acting as a regulator of the proliferative process, perhaps via intranuclear calcium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213939
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    Immunohistochemical localization of urotensin I and other neuropeptides in the caudal neurosecretory system of three species of teleosts and two species of elasmobranchs (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 687-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Caudal neurosecretory system ; Urotensin ; Neuropeptides ; Teleosts ; Elasmobranchs ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In three species of teleosts — carp Cyprinus carpio; grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella; and crucian carp Carassius auratus — the caudal neurosecretory system displays small, medium-sized and large neurons. Urotensin I (UI)-immunoreactive and UI-nonreactive neurons were found in all three groups; in general, the number of the latter neurons exceeded that of the former. Noteworthy are: (i) UI-immunoreactive fibers in the caudal spinal cord and (ii) dense accumulations of UI-immunoreactive product around the capillaries of the urophysis. In two species of elasmobranchs — cat shark Heterodontus japonicas and swell shark Cephaloscyllium umbratile — neurosecretory neurons decreased in size in rostro-caudal direction. Most of the neurosecretory perikarya, their axons and the corresponding neurohemal areas were UI-immunoreactive, but a small number of secretory neurons was devoid of immunoreaction. Oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, substance P, somatostatin, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin-releasing peptide were not detected in the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212550
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    Light-microscopic immunocytochemical localization of growth hormone-releasing factor in the human hypothalamus (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 461-463 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; Releasing factor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary stalk ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF)-like immunoreactivity in the human hypothalamus was studied by light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. With antibodies that we developed against synthetic human pancreatic GRF (hpGRF), we localized GRF immunoreactivity in neuronal cell bodies that were observed only in the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus. Immunostained nerve fibers were found in large numbers in the neurovascular zone of the median eminence, in the proximal portion of the pituitary stalk and in periventricular areas. These localizations are in agreement with those of studies recently performed in other species and strongly suggest that GRF can be released into the capillaries of the pituitary portal plexus to reach the anterior pituitary gland. The projections of GRF neurons in extra-infundibular regions suggest that GRF can also act as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus.
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    Characteristic pattern of monoaminergic nerve fibers in the pineal organ of the monkey, Macaca fuscata (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 453-456 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Noradrenergic fibers ; Serotonin ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monkey, Macaca fuscata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoaminergic nerve fibers were studied in the pineal organ of the monkey, Macaca fuscata, by use of fluorescence and immunohistochemical procedures. Abundant formations of noradrenergic nerve fibers were observed in the pineal organ. They entered the parenchyma in the form of several coarse bundles via the capsule in the distal portion of the organ and spread throughout the organ after branching into smaller units. The density of the autonomic innervation decreased gradually toward the proximal portion of the organ. In the distal portion, numerous nerve fibers formed perivascular plexuses around the blood vessels and some fibers ran as bundles unrelated to the blood vessels in the stroma. Fine varicose fibers and bundles derived from these plexuses penetrated among the pinealocytes. However, only a few intraparenchymal fluorescent fibers were detected in the proximal third of the gland. With the use of serotonin antiserum serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were clearly restricted to the ventroproximal part of the pineal organ. Although the somata of the pinealocytes showed intense immunoreactivity, their processes were not stained. In one exceptional case, clusters of pinealocytes displaying very intense immunoreactivity were found in an area extending from the distal margin of the ventral portion of the pineal stalk to the proximal portion of the pineal organ proper; these cells were bipolar or multipolar and endowed with well-stained processes.
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    Substance P-like-immunoreactive neurons in the photosensory pineal organ of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson (Teleostei) (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Neuronal types ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry ; Salmo gairdneri (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Restricted numbers of substance P-like-immuno-reactive (SPL-IR) neurons were demonstrated in the photosensory pineal organ of the rainbow trout. The small parapineal organ of this teleost species receives a distinct SPL-IR innervation via the habenular nuclei, but displays no intrinsic SPL-IR neurons. Intrapineal SPL-IR neurons were located in the rostral portion of the pineal end-vesicle. Neuronal somata were found in a lateral position with smooth axonal processes extending mediad. Immunoreactive somata and axonal processes were observed intraparenchymally as well as in the pineal lumen. The pattern of immunoreactivity was not changed in excised pineal organs that had been incubated in tissue culture medium in the dark for 18 h. The possibility that the intrapineal SPL-IR neurons are not part of the neural circuitry involved in the transduction of photic information, but may have other functions, is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215898
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    Occurrence of met-enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in gastrin cells of hog antral mucosa (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 361-365 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrin cells ; Gastrin variants ; Enkephalin variants ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Region-specific antisera to three enkephalins: met-enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8, together with four region specific antisera to progastrin: C-terminal G17 specific, N-terminal G34 specific, cryptic peptides A- and B-specific, were used in immunohistochemical studies of hog antral mucosa. A sub-population (6–10%) of the gastrin-containing endocrine cells (G-cells) was found to react with antisera to met-enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8. About 30% of all the enkephalin-containing cells were identified as G-cells. The results indicate that a fraction of G-cells produces both enkephalin-like peptides and gastrin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222346
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    The early postnatal development of the primary immune response in TNP-KLH-stimulated popliteal lymph node in the rat (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 673-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ontogeny ; Lymph node ; Immunohistochemistry ; Primary immune response ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The popliteal lymph nodes were removed from young rats of various ages five days after a single immunization with TNP-KLH in the hind footpads. Cryostat sections of the lymph nodes were investigated by means of enzyme and immunohistochemical techniques at the light-microscopical level. The presence and localization of anti-TNP antibody-containing cells were examined using a new technique to visualize specific antibodies. Moreover, the development of the lymph nodes following exogenous antigenic stimulation was compared with that of unstimulated lymph nodes. Specific antibody-containing cells could not be found before day 15 after birth, in rats immunized at day 10. From that time these lymphoid cells were located primarily at the border between cortex and medulla. Younger popliteal lymph nodes showed only aspecific immunoglobulin-containing lymphoid cells. With age, the number of specific antibody-containing cells tended to increase. These cells were more mature, according to morphological criteria and were located nearer the medulla. The first primary follicles were seen at day 19, as was the case in unstimulated animals. The first secondary follicles, containing germinal centers, were detected at day 23, whereas in unstimulated popliteal lymph nodes they were never found. Trapping of immune complexes could not be demonstrated before day 33 after birth. The later appearance of this phenomenon might be a consequence of the techniques applied to demonstrate specific antibody-containing cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215210
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    Localization of serotonin in the hypothalamus and the mesencephalon of the guinea-pig (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 711-721 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Mesencephalon ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin in the hypothalamus and the mesencephalon of guinea-pigs pretreated with both pargyline and L-tryptophan was investigated immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to 5-HT. 5-HT-positive fibers and varicosities appeared distributed throughout the hypothalamus. Some areas showed a greater density of immunoreactivity: the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the region of the supraoptic crest, the area of the medial forebrain bundle, the ventral part of the nucleus ventromedialis, the median eminence and the ventral part of the mammillary bodies. 5-HT nerve fibers were also scattered in the posterior lobe of the pituitary. An extensive supraependymal plexus of immunoreactive axons was observed in most ventricular regions. No 5-HT positive cell bodies were present in the hypothalamus of the guinea-pig under our experimental conditions, whereas an intense serotonin immunoreactivity was detected in perikarya of the brain stem. 5-HT cell bodies were found predominantly in the raphe region including the nucleus raphe dorsalis and raphe medianus, nucleus interpeduncularis, reticular formation and dorsal area of the medial lemniscus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216360
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    Retinal neuropeptides in the skates, Raja clavata, R. radiata, R. oscellata (Elasmobranchii) (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Amacrine cells ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enkephalins ; Glucagon ; Neuropeptide Y (NPY) ; Substance P ; Skates (Elasmobranchii)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of immunoreactive neuropeptides was investigated in the retina of three species of skates (Raja clavata, R. radiata, R. oscellata), elasmobranch fish often used in electrophysiological work on the retina. Enkephalins, neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P and glucagon were found in different types of amacrine cells. All four peptides appeared in cell bodies in the innermost part of the inner nuclear layer. Processes from the cells containing enkephalins were numerous and ramified throughout the inner plexiform layer. Processes from the cells containing glucagon were thick and rare, and were found throughout the inner plexiform layer, at times with a predominance in sublaminae 1 and 4. NPY-immunoreactive fibres appeared mainly in sublamina 1 but also in 2 or 3, and substance-P-immunoreactive fibres in sublaminae 1,4 and 5. Antisera against somatostatin, VIP or neurotensin did not show any immunoreactivity in the skate retina.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214621
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    Neuropeptide Y, enkephalin and noradrenaline coexist in sympathetic neurons innervating the bovine spleen (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 495-508 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Enkephalin ; Noradrenaline ; Immunohistochemistry ; Sympathetic neurons ; Neurotransmitters ; Spleen ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The subcellular distribution of noradrenaline (NA), neuropeptide Y (NPY), Met and Leu-enkephalin (ENK), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was investigated in homogenates of bovine splenic nerve. The distribution of noradrenergic peptide-containing nerves in the bovine celiac ganglion, splenic nerve and terminal areas in spleen was studied by indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry using antisera to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), NPY, enkephalin peptides, SP, SOM, VIP and peptide HI (PHI). After density gradient centrifugation, high levels of NPY and ENK-like immunoreactivity (LI) were found in high-density gradient fractions, coinciding with the main NA peak. SP, SOM and VIP were found in fractions with a lower density, VIP being also enriched in a heavy fraction; the latter three peptides were present in low concentrations. Immunohistochemistry revealed that staining for NPYLI and ENK-LI partly overlapped that for TH and DBH in celiac ganglia, splenic nerve axons and terminal areas of spleen. Almost all principal ganglion cells were TH- and DBH-immunoreactive. Many were also NPY-immunoreactive, whereas a smaller number were ENK-positive. In the celiac ganglion patches of dense SP-positive networks and some VIP/PHI- and ENK-immunoreactive fibers were seen around cell bodies. The results indicate that NPY and ENK are stored with NA in large dense-cored vesicles in unmyelinated axons of bovine splenic nerve. SP, SOM and VIP appear in different organelles in axon populations separate from sympathetic noradrenergic nerves.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218056
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    Immunohistochemical demonstration of nerves in the predentin and dentin of human third molars with the use of an antiserum against neurofilament protein (NFP) (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 469-475 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofilament protein ; Sensory nerves ; Dentin ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemistry by use of an antiserum against neurofilament protein (NFP) was applied for staining nerve fibers in the predentin and dentin of human third molars. By devising methods for fixation, decalcification and immunostaining, nerve fibers were clearly and specifically demonstrated in thick (more than 50 μm) sections of teeth. Numerous NFP-positive fibers were distributed in the predentin throughout the coronal region, while a few positive fibers penetrated only a short distance into the dentin. The NFP-positive nerve fibers in the predentin took transverse and complicated courses across, rather than penetrating longitudinally through, the dentinal tubules. Pain sensation in the teeth might be attributable to these complex nerve fibers showing two or three-dimensional extensions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218053
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    Sex differences in pituitary LH storage and release in LHRH-stimulated pubertal rats (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 509-515 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH ; LH depletion ; Pituitary gland, pars anterior ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Pubertal rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study investigates the relationship between pituitary LHRH responsiveness and the depletion of LH in pubertal rats. The anterior pituitaries of 7-week-old rats of both sexes were stimulated for a maximum of 24 h with either a continuous, or pulsatile exposure to LHRH in vitro. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that most LH-cells in females became depleted of immunoreactive material, regardless of the mode of LHRH administration. In contrast, the majority of LH-cells in the male gland retained a strong immunostaining intensity. Radioimmunoassay showed that the initial pituitary LH content was significantly lower in the female rats (P〈 0.001), but, even so, they released a higher percentage of stored LH in response to LHRH stimulation in vitro. A similar result was also obtained after a single injection of LHRH in vivo. Thus, the lower LH content and higher LHRH responsiveness of the female pituitary explain why LHRH treatment induced a pronounced LH depletion in this sex. These results are discussed in relation to available data on heightened LH secretion in maturing female rats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218057
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    Serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system and gonad of the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 515-517 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Central nervous system ; Gonad ; Patinopecten yessoensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of neurons containing serotonin in the central nervous system and the gonad of the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, was examined immunohistochemically. In the central nervous system a large number of immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the following regions: a part of the anterior lobe of the cerebral ganglion; the posterior lobe of the cerebral ganglion; the pedal ganglion; and the accessory ganglion. No immunoreactive perikarya were found in the visceral ganglion. Numerous immunoreactive fibers were revealed in the neuropil of all central ganglia. In the gonadal region immunoreactive fibers were distributed around the gonoduct and along the germinal epithelium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212528
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    Immunohistochemical demonstration of histamine N-methyltransferase-like structures in rat kidney (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 681-684 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Histamine ; Histamine N-methyltransferase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histamine N-methyltransferase (S-adenosylmethionine: histamine N-methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.8) was purified to homogeneity from rat kidney, and antibody was raised against it in guinea pigs. The antibody immunoprecipitated histamine N-methyltransferase. Immunofluorescent histochemical studies with anti-histamine N-methyltransferase antibody as the first antibody and goat antiguinea pig IgG conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate as the second, showed the presence of immunoreactive structures in the proximal tubules of rat kidney. The brain showed no immunoreaction with the antibody.
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    Urotensin I-like immunoreactivity in the midgut endocrine cells of the insects Gryllus bimaculatus and Periplaneta americana (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 565-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Urotensin I ; Gut endocrine cell ; Insects ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of urotensin I (UI)-like immunoreactivity is demonstrated in the midgut of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus and the cockroach Periplaneta americana. The immunoreactivity is restricted to endocrine cells dispersed in the epithelium of the midgut. The UI-positive endocrine cells are numerous in the cricket, but much fewer in the cockroach. These UI-positive cells are different from bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP)-immunoreactive cells which represent a dominant cell type in the midgut of both insects. This study suggests the possibility that the neuropeptide UI or a closely related substance may also occur in animals other than fishes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212534
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    Ontogenesis of corticotropes and lactotropes in situ in the pituitary gland of the hamster (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 673-679 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; ACTH cells ; PRL cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Development ; Mesocricetus auratus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of corticotropes and lactotropes was investigated in the golden Syrian hamster using an anti-porcine ACTH antiserum and a homologous antihamster PRL antiserum. Oval corticotropes were first visible in the ventral region of the pars distalis at 13 days of gestation. By the end of gestation, corticotropes were found throughout the pars distalis and in the pars intermedia. Corticotropes in the pars distalis of postnatal hamsters were either round or irregularly-shaped, often appearing in clusters. Throughout development, corticotropes often appeared to be surrounding other cells. Scarce, very small lactotropes were first observed in the pars distalis of hamsters on the first postnatal day. The number of these cells, which were either round or polyhedral, increased dramatically between 4 and 20 days of postnatal life. These observations indicate that the sequence of appearance of corticotropes and lactotropes in the hamster is similar to that in other species and that lactotropes are confined to the pars distalis of postnatal hamsters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218571
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    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on steroid-secreting cells of the testis and ovary of normal and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 681-683 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Testis ; Ovary ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The testis and ovary of normal and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically in order to learn whether steroid-secreting cells of the gonads are involved in drug metabolism. The steroid-secreting cells, i.e., Leydig cells of the testis, and theca interna cells, interstitial gland cells, and corpus luteum cells of the ovary of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice, show a strong positive reaction to the antiserum against, hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, of liver which is the terminal oxidase of the drug-metabolizing enzyme complex. In addition, it was found that elements of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in drug-treated mice become well developed as compared with those in control animals. These findings indicate that the steroid secreting cells in testis as well as ovary are involved in the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous chemical compounds.
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    A correlative radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical study of LHRH-induced LH depletion in the anterior pituitary of male and female neonatal rats in vitro (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 95-100 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH-induced LH depletion ; Anterior pituitary ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Neonatal rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After an exposure of 24 h to synthetic LHRH (100 ng/ml) in vitro, the anterior pituitaries of 4-day-old rats show a notable loss of immunoreactive material in most LH cells in males, but not in females. When radioimmunoassayed without incubation, the pituitary LH content of 4-day-old female rats is 2.8 times higher than that of males of the same age. LHRH treatment stimulates a higher rate of LH discharge in females than in males, but if LH release is expressed as a percentage of the initial pituitary LH content, there is no apparent difference. In both sexes, more than 70% of the initially stored LH is discharged into the medium after 24 h of LHRH stimulation. In males, this discharge produces a pronounced depletion, but in females, the pituitary still contains 78.2% of the initial LH content despite the large amount of hormone released. From these results, it is concluded that in newborn rats the LH synthetic rate in females is higher than that in males. This high synthetic activity, together with the large store of LH, may explain why prolonged LHRH treatment fails to cause LH depletion in females. At 4 days of age LHRH had no stimulatory effect on pituitary synthesis of LH in either sex.
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    Effects of brain and mesenchyme upon the cytogenesis of rat adenohypophysis in vitro (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 49-55 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Organ culture ; Adenohypophysial primordium ; LH cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fetal rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objective of this in-vitro study was to examine whether the diencephalic floor or the mesenchyme is involved in differentiation of LH cells in the developing rat adenohypophysis. Overall growth of the adenohypophysial tissue was retarded when the adenohypophysial primordium was cultivated after enzymatic removal of the diencephalic floor on days 11.5 and 12.5 of gestation. This malgrowth was more marked when the brain was separated on day 11.5; most expiants retained a simple cystiform structure that consisted of a few layers of undifferentiated cells. Removal of the brain also caused a highly significant decrease (P 〈 0.001) in the number of immunoreactive LH cells, if it was performed on day 11.5 but not day 12.5. Mesenchyme had little effect on the adenohypophysial growth or the number of immunopositive cells. Cultivation of the adenohypophysial primordium with the diencephalic floor resulted in the appearance of many immunoreactive LH cells. The number of LH cells significantly decreased, however, when the co-cultivated brain completely surrounded the adenohypophysial tissue. These results indicate that in 11.5-day-old fetal rats the diencephalic floor is indispensable for the initial proliferation of adenohypophysial primordial cells and for the early determinating process of LH cells. Once determined, the development of LH cells may proceed without the surrounding tissues. The cytodifferentiation seems to be rather inhibited when in contact with the brain. The significance of the intimate spatial relationship between developing LH cells and the surrounding mesenchyme is also discussed.
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    Physiological compartmentation in gonadal tissue of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 75-81 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Blood-gonad barrier ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Teleost fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Physiological compartmentation in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) gonads was investigated after intracardial injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and two mouse anti-carp-sperm monoclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemistry revealed that a physiological barrier exists in carp testis for HRP and mouse IgG monoclonal antibody around the central lumina of the tubules in which the spermatozoa are located, but not around the cysts containing the precursor germ cells. The results with HRP were confirmed by electron microscopy. Mouse IgM monoclonal antibody did not penetrate the spermatogenic cysts. Probably because of its large size, it was almost exclusively located inside blood capillaries and only sparsely in the interstitial tissue. In the ovary, HRP was regularly distributed in the gonadal tissue, whereas the IgG antibody was predominantly localised on oogonia and early prophase oocytes. The results indicate that in contrast with the testis, no barrier around germ cells exists in the carp ovary.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225565
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    Occurrence and coexistence in Nereis diversicolor O.F. Müller (Annelida Polychaeta) of substances immunologically related to vertebrate neuropeptides (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 97-108 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Annelida: Polychaeta ; Nereis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Invertebrates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Numerous immunochemical and immunohistochemical studies have shown a wide distribution of several families of neuropeptides in invertebrates as well as vertebrates. There are relatively few data available for Annelida: Polychaeta. Therefore, we undertook an immunohistochemical investigation in the marine worm Nereis. Among the vertebrate type antibodies tested, those against met-enkephalin, LH-RH, vasopressin, oxytocin and ACTH had negative or only very slight effects. Slight to moderate reactions were obtained for VIP, SRIF, CRF, GRF, and leu-enkephalin. Moderate to very strong responses were found with anti-CCK/gastrin, -substance P, and -β-MSH sera. Immunopositive reactions were usually observed in the entire CNS (except, until now, in neurosecretory cells, type II, in nuclei 20, and in nerve fibres located in the infracerebral neurohemal area). The immunoreactivity was, however, more or less abundant according to different CNS regions. For example, it appeared that the immunostaining for CRF is more important in the VNC while the leu-enkephalin family is more abundant in the brain (particularly in fuchsinophilic neurosecretory cells, type I, in nuclei 20). Moreover, several vertebrate type peptides (such as CRF/GRF and CCK/gastrin) may coexist in a single neurone. Several antisera may elicit a positive reaction in some specific area (for example, substance P in the nuchal organ; SRIF in oocytes; CCK/gastrin in the gastrointestinal tract). Nothing is known about the role of the different substances immunologically detected in Nereis. It is suggested that CCK/gastrin-, β-MSHand substance P-like materials transmit external stimuli to neurosecretory centres located in the caudal part of the brain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225567
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    Ontogenetic appearance of immunoreactive GRF-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 511-518 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Growth hormone-releasing hormone ; Ontogenesis ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ontogenetic development of GRF-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus was studied employing antisera which were generated against hpGRF (1–44)NH2 and rhGRF(1–43)OH: anti-hpGRF-C and -rhGRF sera recognize the species-specific C-terminal portions of the peptides, and anti-hpGRF-MC and -N sera recognize hpGRF(27–44)NH2 and the N-terminal portion of hpGRF(1–44)NH2, respectively. The anti-hpGRF-C and-rhGRF sera stained different neuronal cell bodies, which were localized in distinct hypothalamic areas. The former serum did not stain the axonal terminals in the median eminence, but the latter stained them strongly. The antihpGRF-MC and -N sera stained neuronal cell bodies, some of which corresponded to those immunolabelled with antihpGRF-C or -rhGRF serum. The anti-rhGRF serum first demonstrated immunoreactive perikarya in the ventral-lateral border of the arcuate nucleus of 19.5-day-old fetuses that had received an intraventricular colchicine administration 24 h previously. The immunoreactive fibers were recognized first in the external layer of the median eminence of untreated fetuses on day 19.5 of gestation, and then they increased in amount with development. No immunore-active fibers, however, were found in the median eminence of colchicine-treated animals during the fetal period. It is concluded that in rats GRF may be synthesized in the perikarya on day 18.5 of gestation and conveyed to the median eminence without delay via axonal flow.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225416
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    Immunohistochemical investigation of urotensins in the caudal spinal cord of four species of elasmobranchs and the lamprey, Lampetra japonica (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 527-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Caudal neurosecretory system ; Urotensin II ; CRF ; Immunohistochemistry ; Elasmobranchs ; Cyclostomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the four species of elasmobranchs examined (Triakis scyllia, Heterodontus japonicus, Scyliorhinus torazame, Dasyatis akajei), all identifiable caudal neurosecretory cells and their corresponding neurohemal areas showed urotensin II (UII)-immunoreactivity with varied intensity. To localize urotensin I (UI) in the caudal neurosecretory system of the dogfish, Triakis scyllia, h-CRF (1–20) antiserum that cross-reacts with UI was used in place of UI antiserum. CRF/UI-immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the neurosecretory cells and neurohemal areas. A considerable number of neurons showed both UII- and CRF/UI-immunoreactivities, suggesting that UII and UI are produced in the same neurosecretory cells. However, some neurons exhibited UII-immunoreactivity, but no CRF/UI-immunoreactivity. Cells immunoreactive only to CRF antiserum were not detected. At least two populations of neurons exist in the dogfish caudal neurosecretory system: (i) cells immunoreactive for both CRF/UI and UII, and (ii) cells immunoreactive for UII. The dorsal cells of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica, did not react with either UII or CRF antiserum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225418
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  • 93
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    A comparative in vitro study on LHRH responsiveness of LH cells of the pars tuberalis and pars distalis (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 369-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH stimulation ; Pars distalis ; Pars tuberalis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rat ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to test whether the luteinizing-hormone (LH) cells in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the rat and mouse respond to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) as do those of the pars distalis. A part of the basal hypothalamus containing the pituitary stalk, median eminence and the pars tuberalis (H-PT), was dissected out and incubated in vitro. The LH-secreting capacity of the PT was investigated after removal of the “pituitary body” (i.e., partes distalis, intermedia and nervosa). First, some rat and mouse H-PT tissues were treated with synthetic LHRH (100ng/ml), while others were incubated without LHRH. After 24 h of incubation, variable amounts of LH release were detected in the medium. This LH discharge, however, was not LHRH-dependent but proportional to the number of PT LH cells that were immunohistochemically detected in each incubated tissue. Since there was marked individual variation in the number of LH cells in the PT, the LH levels in the incubation medium were next compared before and after LHRH treatment using the same H-PT of the rat. An effect of LHRH could not clearly be shown in this experiment. Finally, the cytological response of the PT to LHRH was investigated by incubating both the H-PT and pituitary body connected to the intact pituitary stalk. Immunohistochemical examination of LHRH-treated tissues after 24 h revealed that, in females of both rats and mice, hormone depletion occurred in LH cells of the pars distalis but not in those of the PT. These results indicate that although LH cells in the PT can release LH in vitro, their mode of hormone synthesis and/or discharge differs from that of LH cells in the pars distalis. Since there was a marked individual variation and small LH-secreting capacity by the PT tissue, it seems unlikely, at least in rats and mice, that LH of PT origin plays an important role in the normal physiological state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213944
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  • 94
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    Protein absorption by tubular mesonephric and metanephric structures in the human embryo (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 77-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mesonephros ; Metanephros ; Protein reabsorption ; Immunohistochemistry ; Development, ontogenetic ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of different serum proteins in the cells of the proximal tubule of both meso- and metanephric nephrons in human embryos (7th–12th week of intrauterine life) was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Endogenous lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrpysin and ferritin were detected in mesonephric proximal tubules and, starting from the 8th week, also in metanephric proximal tubules. Our observations provide information concerning the appearance and distribution of tubular protein reabsorption during the early stages of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219002
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  • 95
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    Glucagon-related peptides in the rat hypothalamus (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glucagon-related peptides ; Rat hypothalamus ; Radioimmunochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Food deprivation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemically, nerve fibers and terminals reacting with anti-N-terminal-specific but not with anti-C-terminal-specific glucagon antiserum were observed in the following rat hypothalamic regions: paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and median eminence. Few fibers and terminals were demonstrated in the lateral hypothalamic area and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Radioimmunoassay data indicated that the concentration of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity was higher in the ventromedial nucleus than in the lateral hypothalamic area. In food-deprived conditions, this concentration increased in both these parts. This was also verified in immunostained preparations in which a marked enhancement of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity-containing fibers and terminals was observed in many hypothalamic regions. Several immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of starved rats. Both biochemical and morphological data suggest that glucagon-related peptides may act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the hypothalamus and may be involved in the central regulatory mechanism related to feeding behavior and energy metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219001
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  • 96
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    Synthesis of kairomonal 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-dione components of larval mandibular glands ofEphestia kuehniella (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomones ; oviposition ; 2-(Z,E)-hexadeca-12′ ; 14′-dienoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione ; 2-oleoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione ; 2-linoleoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione ; Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (syn.Anagasta kuehniella, Zeller) ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Nemeritis canescens (Grav.) [syn.Venturia canes ens (Grav.)] Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three components of the larval mandibular glands ofEphestia (=Anagasta) kuehniella, 2-(Z,E)-hexadeca-12′,14′-dienoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, 2-oleoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, and 2-linoleoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, have been synthesized and shown to be active as kairomones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987604
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  • 97
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    Field trapping of threeEpinotia species with (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1389-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate ; (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol ; Epinotia silvertoniensis ; Epinotia criddleana ; Epinotia sp. ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Field survey of the geometrical isomers of 7,9-dodecadienyl alcohol, acetate, and aldehyde has resulted in attractants and inhibitors for three species of tortricid moths.Epinotia silvertoniensis and an undescribedEpinotia sp. were all attracted to (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate. AnotherEpinotia sp. was attracted to (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol. Electroantennogram data and inhibition patterns for one of theEpinotia sp. are also reported. In addition,E. criddleana was attracted to lures containing (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012139
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  • 98
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    Host-plant protein and phenolic resin effects on larval growth and survival of a butterfly (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1459-1467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diplacus aurantiacus ; Scrophulariaceae ; Euphydryas chalcedona ; Lepidoptera ; Nymphalidae ; flavonoid ; herbivory ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Euphydryas chalcedona prediapause larvae were reared on fertilized and control shrubs of the host plant,Diplacus aurantiacus. Larval growth was enhanced by high leaf nitrogen content and inhibited by high leaf phenolic resin content. Larvae fed less on leaves near the branch tip which contained a higher leaf resin content. The results agree with prior laboratory investigation that the dietary content of nitrogen andD. aurantiacus leaf resin are major determinants ofE. chalcedona larval growth and suggest that the phenolic leaf resin ofDiplacus may both deter and inhibit leaf herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012192
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  • 99
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    Structure-activity relationships among maytansinoids in their effect on the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 501-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Maytansinoids ; maytanacine ; maytanbutine ; maytanvaline ; normaysine ; trewiasine ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; insect toxicity ; antifeedants ; pupation inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Five maytansinoids fromMaytenus (Celastraceae) andPutterlickia (Rhamnaceae) species were tested for biological activity against the European corn borerOstrinia nubilalis. Maytanbutine, maytansine, and maytanvaline, all of which contain an amino acid residue at C-3, were active and comparable in their effect on larvae to trewiasine, a known active, amino acid-containing maytansinoid fromTrewia nudiflora. Maytanacine, which has an acetate group at C-3, was not as active as maytansine, maytanvaline, maytanbutine, or trewiasine, but significantly retarded the development of the larvae. Normaysine, which has no oxygen substituent at C-3, had no significant effect on mortality and only moderate effect on development of the larvae. The presence of the amino acid moiety at C-3 appears to be an important factor for the biological activity of maytansinoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989561
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  • 100
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    Attraction of tortricid moths of subfamily olethreutinae to field traps baited with dodecadienes (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 217-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex attractant ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; 8,10-dodecadienes ; 7,9-dodecadienes ; field trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract All four geometrical isomers of 7,9- and 8,10-dodecadienes with acetate, alcohol, and aldehyde functional groups were synthesized and field tested. The field survey produced sex attractant lures for 14 insect species. Species in the generaCydia, Grapholita, Eucosma, Pelochrista, Petrova, Phenta, Hedya, and Pseudosciaphila were captured. Defined lures were developed for some of the species captured. Gas chromatographie retention times for all geometrical isomers of 7,9- and 8,10-dodecadienes with acetate, alcohol, and aldehyde functional groups are reported. A study of the isomerization of 8,10-dodecadienyl acetates and aldehydes impregnated in rubber septa is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988204
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