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  • Articles  (178)
  • Rats  (151)
  • Electron microscopy
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (178)
  • 1983  (178)
  • Biology  (178)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • Articles  (178)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (178)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical map of the mitochondrial DNA from the phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus including the position of the ribosomal RNA genes and of an intervening sequence in the large rRNA gene (1983)
    Springer
    Current genetics 7 (1983), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Allomyces macrogynus ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Electron microscopy ; Restriction enzyme map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mitochondrial (mt) DNA of the aquatic phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus is a circular molecule with a size of 56.1 kbp. The cleavage sites for the restriction enzymes SalI and PvuI were mapped by comparing the partial denaturation patterns of isolated restriction fragments with the pattern of the intact circle. The genes coding for the small and large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were located on the restriction map by heteroduplex and R-loop analysis. The gene coding for the large rRNA contains an intervening sequence, app. 0.7 kbp in size, near the 3′-end of the gene. The two rRNA genes are encoded on the same strand of the mtDNA and separated by a region of 17–18 kbp. This rRNA gene organization is similar to that found with members of the Ascomycetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445871
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy of photosynthetic membranes containing bacteriochlorophyll b (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Photosynthetic membranes ; Electron microscopy ; Image processing ; Ectothiorhodospira halochloris ; Ectothiorhodospira abdelmalekii ; Rhodopseudomonas viridis ; Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis ; Thiocapsa pfennigii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The photosynthetic membranes of the five bchl b-containing bacteria Ectothiorhodospira halochloris, E. abdelmalekii, Rhodopseudomonas viridis, R. sulfoviridis and Thiocapsa pfennigii have been investigated by electron microscopy and digital image analysis. All five species have the photosynthetic complexes hexagonally arrayed in the membrane with lattice spacings close to 13 nm, except for R. sulfoviridis and T. pfennigii which display somewhat smaller (∼12.5 nm) lattice spacings. Correlation averaging which imposes less stringent requirements on the lattice perfection than conventional Fourier filtration techniques has been employed to elucidate the structure of the photosynthetic complexes. Their basic organization, i.e. a ring, probably containing the light-harvesting (LH) polypeptides, surrounding a core (the “reaction centre”) appears to be almost identical for all species under scrutiny. Despite a resolution of ∼1.6 nm, however, little further significant substructure can be deduced from the averages; possible reasons for the “blurred” appearance of the LH-ring and absence of any subdivision in the reaction centre are discussed along with strategies aimed at obtaining a more detailed model of the molecular architecture of the photosynthetic membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414474
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phototaxis in the gliding flagellate, Euglena mutabilis (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Euglena mutabilis ; Flagellate ; Photomovement ; Photoreceptor ; Phototaxis ; Single-cell analysis ; Videomicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Due to the lack of an emergent flagellum the green flagellate Euglena mutabilis is restricted to gliding motility. During forward movement, the organisms orient positive phototactically in the presence of a suitable light stimulus. The cell contains both a stigma and a paraflagellar body which differ in shape and size from the organelles found in E. gracilis. The degree of orientation in white light follows an optimum curve with a maximum at about 100 lx. The spectral sensitivity shows a number of prominent peaks in the blue and green regions and extends well into the red region of the visible spectrum. Since the cell does not rotate during locomotion a periodic shading mechanism cannot account for phototactic orientation. Thus, phototaxis in the related species, E. gracilis and E. mutabilis differ in their photoreceptor molecules, their sensory transduction chains and their strategies of light direction detection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419477
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the granule population in neutrophil granulocytes from human bone marrow (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 469-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone marrow (human) ; Neutrophil granulocyte ; Granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bone marrow from hematologically healthy adults was exposed to a number of fixation procedures for investigation of the heterogeneity of the granule population in neutrophil granulocytes at the ultrastructural level. Four main cell stages were distinguished: early promyelocyte, late promyelocyte, myelocyte, and mature neutrophil granulocyte and described separately; metamyelocytes and band-form or stab cells are described together. The characteristic changes in the cytoplasm during myelopoiesis were analysed quantitatively. Special attention was given to the development of the granule population. Three types of granule arise in successive cell stages: granules which develop a sub-structure in the matrix (nucleated granules) are formed in early promyelocytes, granules with a homogeneous electron-dense matrix (azurophil granules) in late promyelocytes, and granules with a less electron-dense matrix (specific granules) in myelocytes. The three types of granule remain present during myelopoiesis. The best results in distinguishing the granule types were obtained by prefixation either in 0.1% glutaraldehyde or in 1.5% glutaraldehyde followed by washing in phosphate-buffered Ringer solution to which aminotriazole had been added. Granule counts revealed for the mature neutrophil a total number of granules of about 220 per ultrathin section. This population of granules is composed of about 12% nucleated, 11% azurophil, and 77% specific granules. When our previous findings are taken into account, the existence of three successively formed and morphologically distinguishable types of granule in heterophil (neutrophil) granulocytes has been demonstrated for three mammalian species: the guinea pig, the rat, and man. A separate term for the early promyelocyte stage is proposed: eomyelocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218646
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-related changes in electron-dense material in photoreceptor synaptic clefts of the frog, Rana catesbeiana (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 579-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rods ; Cones ; Retina ; Bullfrog ; Synapse ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lumps of electron-dense material were observed in synaptic clefts associated with all types of photoreceptors, in the vicinity of the synaptic ribbons, in the retinae of dark-adapted frogs. Frogs were reared under a cyclic illumination (light on at 8:00; light off at 20:00) and then exposed to one of two courses of dark adaptation: one started from 11:00 in the morning, and the other started from 20:00 in the evening. The synaptic clefts of red rods became wider at some places where spherical or polygonal lumps of dense material were accumulated. The frequency and sectional area of the lumps increased faster for the first hour in the regime starting from 20:00 than in the regime starting from 11:00, then they reached the similar saturation levels of about 0.6 (per ribbon) and 1.6 to 1.8×104 (nm2) in both the regimes. In greenrod synapses, plate-shaped lumps of dense material were present in synaptic clefts and interspaces between the processes of second-order neurons. In cone synapses at the end of about 1 h darkness, the frequency and area of the lumps reached maximum values of about 0.12 (per ribbon) and 9×103 (nm2) in the regime starting from 11:00 and, about 0.08 (per ribbon) and 4 × 103 (nm2) in the regime starting from 20:00. On exposure to light, the dense material abruptly disappeared from all types of photoreceptor synaptic clefts. Large dense-core vesicles, occasionally observed in light-adapted rod photoreceptor terminals, seem to participate in exocytosis of the dense material. The number of dense-core vesicles per synaptic ribbon in a terminal was about 0.55 at the end of 3 h light in the morning and about 1.28 at the end of 12 h light in the evening. The increased number of dense-core vesicles during the daytime may contribute to the faster accumulation of dense material in the synaptic clefts. Although the chemical identification or the functional significance of the electron-dense material remains unknown, it is interesting that this material showed a rise and fall in response to darkness and illumination. Also the fact that this material is clearly visible will be helpful for future analysis of frog photoreceptor synapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218653
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rodent odontogenesis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 679-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Odontogenesis ; Rats ; Cyclophosphamide ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rodent odontogenesis were investigated by light and electron microscopy in four-day-old Sprague Dawley rats given one injection of 40 mg/kg of body weight of cyclophosphamide and killed at intervals of one hour, one day, one week and two weeks. Incisor and molar teeth were dissected from the animals, fixed in 2.0% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate with 3.4% sucrose, and subsequently some were incubated for alkaline phosphatase reaction, and embedded in Spurr's medium for sectioning at light- and electron-microscopic levels. From three days a cell-sparse zone was created in the pulp in the growing end of the tooth and progressive cellular changes were observed which became more severe in the one-week and two-week specimens. Subodontoblast and adjacent pulpal cells were the most affected showing nuclear changes, damage to, or loss of, organelles, and inclusion bodies. Odontogenic epithelium was less affected and odontoblasts appeared to be unaffected by the drug. A new irregular matrix was laid down in the defect area and seemed to be the product of depolarized odontoblasts. This new matrix showed alkaline phosphatase activity, as did the cells embedded in it, and later it became mineralized. It is speculated that the polarity of odontoblasts might be maintained by an intact subodontoblastic layer; when this is lost the odontoblasts become depolarized and capable of secreting matrix from both ends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218659
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double membrane-bounded intestinal microvilli in Oncopeltus fasciatus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 593-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peritrophic membrane ; Insect ; Microvilli ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double plasma membrane (DPM) surrounding intestinal microvilli of the migratory milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, is described. Mutant and wild types of the phytophagous insect have been studied by conventional SEM and TEM procedures with the use of membrane-enhancing staining methods. Longitudinal and transverse sections revealed a DPM surrounding microvilli and continuing over the apical portions of the intestinal cell. The outer membrane of the DPM contributes to an intestinal lining or peritrophic membrane (PTM), which apparently accumulates in layers. SEM studies reveal a rugose intestinal surface and complete PTM in both starved and fed insects. Only rarely are exposed microvilli seen by SEM. SEM examinations also enable the observation of numerous blebs on the luminal side of the PTM apparently held in position by a neck-like attachment and apparently derived from the outer membrane of the DPM. Preliminary TEM studies of microvilli revealed unique microvesicle-like structures, lying just inside the inner membrane of the DPM, which may be of membrane origin based on their typical trilaminar appearance after en bloc staining with uranyl acetate. Highly ordered microfilaments were observed to occupy the most central aspect of the microvilli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216431
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characteristics of vasopressin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasopressin-containing neurons, identified by immunocytochemistry, are located predominantly in the posterior magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. By electron microscopy, the immunoreaction product is seen within the cell bodies and neuronal processes. In the perikarya and dendritic processes, the immunoreactive material is associated primarily with neurosecretory granules. Axonal processes, identified by their content of microtubules and accumulation of neurosecretory granules, show the immunoreaction product in association with both of these organelles. Afferent axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and putative axo-axonic synapses with immunostained vasopressinergic neurons can be identified. The presynaptic profiles do not contain immunoreactive material. This study contributes to the ultrastructural characterization of vasopressinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and of their afferent synaptic input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217406
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laminated figures of the intercisternal regions of dictyosome-like structures from guinea-pig spermatocytes fixed with glutaraldehyde-tannic acid (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 633-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dictyosome-like structures ; Golgi apparatus ; Phosphatidylcholine ; Laminated figures ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dictyosome-like structures (DLS) of guinea pig spermatocytes, when prefixed in mixtures of glutaraldehyde and tannic acid, exhibited laminated figures with a repeating periodicity of about 4.5 nm in the spaces between DLS saccules or in association with the surfaces of the DLS saccules. These laminated figures were similar to those figures derived from saturated lipids in other tissues. Alternatively, spaces between saccules were collapsed leaving only thin, electron-dense material separating adjacent saccules. These changes were not observed when the DLS were prefixed in glutaraldehyde before exposure to tannic acid. The presence of laminated figures following fixation with tannic acid and osmium tetroxide suggests that saturated lipids are present in, or associated with, the intersaccular regions of the DLS. The distribution of laminated figures in other membrane structures was not affected by post fixation with tannic acid nor were laminated figures comparable to those of the DLS observed between cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. These results support previous conclusions that DLS are distinct from Golgi apparatus and are a unique component of the germ cell cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218656
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on the food vacuole cycle of a heliozoon (Feeding byActinophrys, III) (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Digestion ; Membrane flow ; Electron microscopy ; Sarcodina ; Actinophrys sol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The digestion of food in the heliozoonActinophrys sol is characterized by several distinct membrane events. Initially, extrusomes expand and fuse with each other and with the plasma membrane providing the membrane for the nascent food vacuole. During this process a—presumably lytic—material is secreted. After complete forming of the food vacuole a second type of vesicles fuses with it, whereupon usually lysis of the prey occurs. After denaturation and coagulation of the food, fluid is removed from the food vacuole. This process is accompanied by a high cytotic activity around the periphery of the food vacuole. Following this step, the perinuclear Golgi region shows an active appearance and numerous lysosomes fuse with the food vacuole. In consequence of this the food is degradated. The food vacuole shrinks continuously. Simultaneously vesicles filled with the digested material pinch off from the food vacuole, the content of which shows a more and more condensed mass of undigestible material. The undigestible residues are defecated eventually. The process of digestion is accompanied by an increase in volume and number of electron lucent cytoplasmic vacuoles. These vacuoles gradually become filled with a filamentous material starting with the vacuoles in the cell periphery. As the digestion continues, the vacuolar contents become condensed successively. Synchroneously the vacuoles move towards the cell center. After completion of the digestion, the cytoplasmic vacuoles decrease in volume and number and do not show any longer electron dense contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01293579
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thylakoid degradation during photooxidative bleaching of the cyanobacteriumAnacystis nidulans (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 202-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Anacystis nidulans ; Cyanobacterium ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracmres ; Thylakoid degradation ; Ultrathin-sections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Photooxidative bleaching of the CyanobacteriumAnacystis nidulans was studied by electron microscopic investigation of both freezefractured and thin-sectioned samples. During bleaching four consecutive phases in degradation of photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids) could be characterized: 1. No ultrastructural changes until photosystem II activity is lost. 2. Derangement of characteristic arrangement of thylakoids. 3. Thylakoids visible only in thin-sectioned but not in freeze-fractured samples. 4. Completely bleached cells, only traces in place of former thylakoids visible in thinsectioned samples. Bleaching did not cause lysis of the cells showing that the cytoplasmic membrane was not damaged. Polyhedral bodies also were still detectable in bleached cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279810
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for optical and electron microscopy of isolated plant chromosomes (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 198-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chromosome isolation ; Electron microscopy ; Vicia faba ; Vicia narbonensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using a formalin fixation technique whole chromosomes from root tips ofVicia species were isolated into a buffer solution. Combining this technique with the use of a set of reciprocal translocations available for this species—Vicia faba— allowed each member of the karyotype to be isolated and identified. Such isolated chromosomes can be used for optical microscopy or for either transmission or scanning electron microscopy where critical point drying clearly reveals chromatin fibre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279838
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the parapharyngeal mass of the ciliateHomalozoon vermiculare (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Parapharyngeal mass ; Electron microscopy ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microprobe X-ray analysis ; Ciliate ; Homalozoon vermiculare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structure and elemental composition of the granules which make up the parapharyngeal mass of the ciliateHomalozoon vermiculare are analyzed. The mass is made up of two kinds of granules. One is not membrane-bounded and is composed of paraglycogen. The second type is comprised of concentric lamellae. It is rich in magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. These results do not support the contention that the granules are directly involved in the process of food vacuole formation. The role of the parapharyngeal mass remains obscure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279841
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy of dry peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds crushed for oil removal. Fixation and embedding of anhydrously prepared tissues (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell walls ; Electron microscopy ; Moisture ; Plastic embedding ; Seeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Aqueous fixatives caused dry seed tissues to swell; mashed peanuts, crushed to remove oil, swelled even more. Use of anhydrous, organic solvents as vehicles for fixatives enabled maintenance of dimensional stability during fixation of dry seed tissues; even crushed seed tissue did not swell significantly when processed anhydrously. However, anhydrously processed specimens proved difficult to section. The difficulty was due to imperfect permeation of plastic into the seed tissues during embedding. An explanation of why anhydrously processed dry seed tissues are so difficult to embed in plastic is offered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281778
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pineal organ of Raja clavata: Opsin immunoreactivity and ultrastructure (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 139-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Pineal photoreceptors ; Opsin immunoreactivity ; Electron microscopy ; Elasmobranch (Raja clavata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal organ of Raja clavata was studied by light and electron microscopy, including the immunocytochemical antiopsin reaction. The pineal organ of the ray consists of three portions: (i) a large proximal pineal, (ii) a long tube-like connecting stalk, and (iii) a short distal terminal enlargement. This latter end-vesicle lies in the deep connective tissue layers of the braincase. All portions of the pineal are composed of pinealocytes, intrinsic neurons, ependymal/glial cells, and bundles of nerve fibers embedded in thin neuropil formations. The inner segments of the pinealocytes protrude into the lumen in all parts of the organ and usually contain basal bodies and numerous mitochondria. Often, two outer segments were found to arise from the basal bodies of a single inner segment. By means of light-microscopic immunocytochemistry the outer segments showed a strong antiopsin reaction. The axons of the pinealocytes form ribbon-containing synapses on dendritelike profiles, which appear to belong to the intrinsic pineal neurons. There are other axo-dendritic synapses established by presynaptic terminals lacking ribbons and containing granular and synaptic vesicles. Pineal neurons may contain granular vesicles approximately 60–100 nm in diameter; their processes contribute to the bundles of unmyelinated axons. The fine structural organization of the pineal organ and the opsin immunoreactivity of the outer segments of the pinealocytes indicate a photoreceptive capacity of the organ. The double outer segments represent a peculiar multiplication of the photoreceptor structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206272
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of decentralisation or chronic hypogastric nerve stimulation in vivo on the innervation and responses of the guinea-pig vas deferens (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 265-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Innervation ; Decentralisation ; Hypogastric nerve ; Pharmacology ; Electron microscopy ; Vas deferens ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The physiological, pharmacological and morphological characteristics of guinea-pig vas deferens supplied by hypogastric nerves rendered inactive by decentralisation were compared with those of vas deferens in which the nerve supply had been chronically stimulated for 3–9 days using implanted electrodes. No change was seen in decentralised preparations prior to 7 days, but from 8–15 days, increased sensitivity to application of noradrenaline in vitro was observed, which was shown to be related to reduced transmitter uptake by nerve terminals as well as to an increase in postjunctional sensitivity; there was also increased fatigability 7–14 days following decentralisation. Continuous stimulation of hypogastric nerves at 2 Hz for 4–8 h daily for 4–8 days resulted in enhanced transmitter uptake and reduced responses to noradrenaline; this was associated with a slight increase in noradrenaline content and a faster adrenergic neuromuscular response with a shorter latency. No appreciable changes in nerve or muscle structure studied by electron microscopy were observed following decentralisation, but there was an increase of between 12.5 and 29.6% in the number of close (〈 100 nm) neuromuscular junctions following chronic stimulation for 8 days.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213786
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development ot the granule population in heterophil granulocytes from rat bone marrow (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 433-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone marrow (rat) ; Heterophil granulocyte ; Granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the heterophil granulocyte in the bone marrow of the rat is described, and an electron-microscopical analysis of the changes in the cytoplasm as well as in the granule population in several stages of maturation is reported. Three types of granule originate in consecutive stages of heterophil maturation. Granules with an internal fine structure (nucleated granules) are the first to be formed, i.e., in early promyelocytes; azurophil granules are formed in late promyelocytes; and specific granules appear in myelocytes. Quantitative analysis showed that the granule population in mature cells, i.e., about 160 granules per electron micrograph, is composed of roughly 14% nucleated granules, 10% azurophil granules, and 76% specific granules. Three cell stages were observed in mitosis: the early promyelocyte, the late promyelocyte, and the myelocyte. Granule counts in non-dividing cells confirmed the occurrence of mitosis in the late promyelocyte and myelocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211466
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcoplasmic reticulum and intermediate filament organization in cultured neonatal cardiac muscle cells (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 489-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart ; Tissue culture ; Electron microscopy ; Myocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiac muscle cells from 3-day-old rat neonates were cultured for periods of 2 to 56 days. In order to facilitate ultrastructural studies on the organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the cells were prepared for transmission electron microscopy according to a regimen including postfixation in reduced osmium ferrocyanide. The nonjunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (NJSR) was organized as a loose, fenestrated sleeve around the exterior of bundles of myofilaments and was particularly prominent at the level of the Z line. The only recognizable junctional elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum were in a peripheral location. Reduced osmium ferrocyanide was also useful in distinguishing intermediate (10nm) filaments, since it understained Z substance, which often obscured these structures. Intermediate filaments were arranged both at the Z line and the intercalated disc, in parallel strands, approximately at right angles to the myofilaments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211470
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characteristics of immunolabelled, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-synthesizing neurons in the rat brain (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF ; immunolabelling ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-synthesizing perikarya and neural processes were detected at ultrastructural level in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and in the median eminence of control and colchicine-pretreated rats. The unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) immunohistochemical method was used in a pre-embedding manner, on thick, non-frozen sections. In CRF-perikarya, neurosecretory granules (80–120 nm in diameter), free ribosomes, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were labelled. Unlabelled axon terminals formed asymmetric synapses on CRF-containing perikarya and dendrites. Immunolabelled axons terminated in the palisadic zone of the median eminence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217891
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic organisation of the pelvic ganglion in the guinea-pig (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 379-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Pelvic ganglia ; Autonomic nervous system ; Synapses ; Neurones ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A semi-quantitative electron-microscopic study of neuronal cell bodies, nerve profiles and synapses in the anterior pelvic ganglia of the guinea-pig has been carried out following in vivo labelling of adrenergic nerve endings with 5-hydroxydopamine. Ganglion cells of three main types have been distinguished: 1) the majority (about 70%) not containing granular vesicles, probably cholinergic elements; 2) those containing large granular vesicles of uniform size (80–110 nm), with granules of medium density and prominent halos; and 3) those containing vesicles of variable size (60–150 nm), with very dense eccentrically placed granular cores. Some non-neuronal ‘granule-containing’ cells were present, mainly near small blood vessels. Some 95% of the total axon profiles within the ganglia were cholinergic, the remaining 5% were adrenergic. However, 99% of synapses (i.e. axons within 50 nm of nerve cell membrane with pre-and post-synaptic specialisations) were cholinergic, and 1 % were adrenergic. Only three examples of nerve cell bodies exhibiting both cholinergic and adrenergic synapses were observed. Unlike the para-and prevertebral ganglia, the pelvic ganglia contained large numbers of axo-somatic synapses. As many as 20% of the nucleated neuronal cell profiles displayed two distinct nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213794
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decentralisation of neurones in the pelvic ganglion of the guinea-pig: Reinnervation by adrenergic nerves (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 399-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pelvic ganglion ; Reinnervation ; Decentralisation ; Autonomie nervous system ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron-microscopic study has been made of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres and synapses in the pelvic ganglion of the guinea-pig at intervals of up to 60 days following section of the hypogastric and pelvic nerves. Transection of the hypogastric nerves led to degeneration of 80–90% of the cholinergic nerve profiles and synapses in the ganglion. The small number of adrenergic nerves and synapses did not change, but 30–60 days after section, this number increased 8–10 times. Transection of the pelvic nerves led to degeneration of about 15% of the cholinergic nerve terminals, but no change in adrenergic terminals. After transection of both hypogastric and pelvic nerves, only about 1% of cholinergic nerves survived, but after 30–60 days, the number of adrenergic nerves increased 8–10 times. It is concluded that following cholinergic nerve degeneration in the ganglion, adrenergic nerves, probably originating as collateral sprouts from postganglionic neurones and granule-containing cells, can replace them to some extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213795
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and formation of the basement membrane in embryonic tissues of the mouse (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 85-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basement-membrane production ; Mouse embryos ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mouse embryos (strain NMRI) of days 9 + 2h, 9 + 12h, 10 + 2h, 10 + 12h, 11 + 2h, 12 + 2h, 13 + 2h, and 14 + 2h were fixed (i) in 3% glutaraldehyde +3% paraformaldehyde, (ii) in 1% glutaraldehyde +1% tannic acid, or (iii) in 1% glutaraldehyde +1.5% ruthenium red. The electronmicroscopic picture of the basement membrane (BM) changed depending on the fixative used. Addition of tannic acid led to a higher staining intensity of glycoproteins, whereas after ruthenium red proteoglycans were more heavily stained. The BM around the neural tube and around the epithelial tubules in the lung anlage were investigated electron microscopically. After fusion, the BM in the dorsal regions of the neural tube is missing; on days 9–10 it is, however, reformed. Between days 11 and 13 wide gaps in the BM of the lung anlage occur at the growth buds of the epithelial tubes, which are bridged on late day 13. In the basal parts of these two epithelial types membrane-bordered granules of different density occur singly or in groups. It is postulated that these structures contain BM-material and represent secretion granules. After secretion, BM-material is first bound to the cell membrane. This process is important for the initiation of the formation of the BM. Further growth, however, proceeds via lateral aggregation (self-assembly). Thus, intercellular gaps are bridged independent of the cell membrane. The process of lateral aggregation may also explain deviations from the normal course of the BM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206267
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quinacrine-induced degeneration of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic autonomic nerves in the rat anococcygeus muscle (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 639-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic autonomic nerves ; Quinacrine ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Anococcygeus muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological changes induced in the autonomic nerves of the rat anococcygeus muscle after the injection of quinacrine (QC, 100 or 200 mg/kg) were examined by electron microscopy in order to clarify the nature of QC-binding nerves seen at the fluorescence-microscopic level. A correspondence between granular QC fluorescence and many lysosomal dense bodies is observed both in the cytoplasm of muscle cells and in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) axons during the first few days following injection. A number of brilliantly fluorescent fibres is observed 1 week after injection. At the ultrastructural level, these fibres seem to correlate with NANC axons which are crowded with many dense bodies and large granular vesicles. Notably, some lysosomal dense bodies contain many large granular vesicles. The effects of QC injection on the ultrastructure of adrenergic axons have also been observed, but are not so marked as in the NANC axons. The administration of QC did not cause complete degeneration of the NANC nerves, though degenerating axons were sometimes observed. The present data indicate that most, if not all, QC-binding nerves observed at the fluorescence-microscopic level correspond to NANC nerves at the electron-microscopic level. Furthermore, NANC axons appear to contain a considerable amount of ATP concentrated in the large granular vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216207
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of primary and secondary granules in monocytopoiesis and myelopoiesis of mouse bone marrow (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone marrow (mouse) ; Monocytes ; Neutrophil granulocytes ; Granules ; Electron microscopy ; Peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The differentiation and maturation of monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes were studied in bone marrow of normal mice by electron microscopy and cytochemical assessment of peroxidatic activity. The granule populations of the mature cells of bone marrow were identified and investigated to obtain a basis for the analysis of the earlier stages of maturation. Mature monocytes and neutrophils showed primary and secondary granules, and mature neutrophils had more of both kinds. The size, shape, and number of primary granules proved to offer the most reliable criteria for distinguishing promonocytes and promyelocytes. The primary granules of monocytes were smaller than those of mature neutrophils and were either spherical (smallest diameter 50–200 nm) or elongate (100×400 nm). Both granules had a homogeneous matrix. The granules of the granulocytes were either spherical (smallest diameter 200–300 nm) or elongate (150–200×300–500 nm), and some of them had a crystalline inclusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206269
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the organization and ultrastructure of smooth muscle cells in the stomach of the gastric brooding frog, Rheobatrachus silus, during brooding (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Anura ; Stomach ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The young of the aquatic Australian frog, Rheobatrachus silus (Leptodactylidae) develop from eggs to juvenile frogs in the mother's stomach. During brooding the stomach expands greatly and becomes very thin walled. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the distension of the stomach was accompanied by a severe disruption of the smooth muscle layers. Many of the smooth muscle cells seemed to be highly contracted and resembled smooth muscle cells contracted in the absence of an intact connective tissue matrix. Eight days after the birth of the juveniles through the mouth of the female, the stomach muscle cells had returned to a normal appearance. It is suggested that during gastric incubation of the young, smooth muscle cells become at least partially dissociated from their surrounding connective tissue matrix, allowing maximal distension of the stomach wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222194
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic dissection of the anterior optic tract of Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 551-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Visual mutants ; Anterior optic tract ; Independent gene actions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy shows that in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster the anterior optic tract (AOT) is formed by about 1260 fibers in males and slightly fewer in females. Golgi staining suggests that most AOT fibers connect the lobula with different regions of the central brain. In the sine oculis (so) and small optic lobes (sol) mutants the number of axons is drastically reduced, by 58% in sol and by 35% in so. In the double mutant sol:so there is a loss of up to 83% of the fibers in the AOT. Approximately half of the remaining 220 fibers form a well defined subbundle of very thin axons which is identifiable in wild type as well as in both single mutants. The fibers of this subbundle neither originate nor terminate in the visual ganglia: instead, they connect two different central brain regions. It is concluded that the combined action of the sol and so mutations abolishes more than 90% of the fibers of visual origin or destination in the AOT. Quantitative analysis of electron micrographs shows that the so and sol mutations act independently on nearly exclusive subsets of axons in the AOT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218113
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary observations of satellite cells in undamaged fibres of the rat soleus muscle assaulted by a snake-venom toxin (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 671-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Satellite cells ; Skeletal muscle ; Snake-venom toxin ; Muscle regeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Satellite cells were studied in the undamaged part of the rat soleus muscle rendered partially necrotic by a subcutaneous injection of notexin, the myotoxic toxin purified from the venom of the Australian snake Notechis scutatus scutatus. Nuclei of satellite cells were twice as numerous as in the controls, with a decreasing gradient in the number of satellite cells with distance from the necrotic area. The cells were in an activated state with an increased cytoplasmic volume and prominent organelles. Occasionally, mitosis of some satellite cells was observed. Between the satellite cell and the muscle fibre, an unusually wide space was frequently seen, within which a “new” basal lamina was often visible. It is suggested that the role of the satellite cells of undamaged muscle fibres in the regeneration of necrotic muscle is worthy of more detailed investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216210
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of short photoperiods on the ultrastructure of hamster Harderian glands (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hamsters ; Harderian glands ; Short photoperiod ; Sexual dimorphism ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A sexual dimorphism of the hamster Harderian gland at the ultrastructural level, has been reported. Castration of males and the administration of testosterone to females are known to alter the male type gland to the female type and vice versa. In this paper we present data that exposure to a short photoperiod (1L:23D) can induce similar structural alterations between the 4th and 10th week of exposure. Changes in the male included reduction in the number of tubular clusters and large vacuoles, while in the female the number of membrane formations decreased with an accompanying appearance of tubular clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222244
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    Burst discharge in mammalian neuroendocrine cells involves an intrinsic regenerative mechanism (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Intracellular recordings from mammalian neuroendocrine cells showed that steady, injected currents can modify and block periodic spike bursts previously associated with increased neurohormone release. Spike afterpotentials could sum to form plateau potentials, which generated bursts and did not depend on axonal conduction or chemical synapses. Therefore, bursting involves a spike-dependent, positive-feedback mechanism endogenous to single neuroendocrine cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andrew, R D -- Dudek, F E -- NS 16877/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1050-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; *Electrophysiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Feedback ; Hypothalamus/cytology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials ; Neurosecretory Systems/cytology/*physiology ; Rats ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Regulation of carcinogen metabolism in the rat ovary by the estrous cycle and gonadotropin (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: The activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase in the rat ovary is several times higher in the proestrous phase of the estrous cycle than in the estrous and metestrous plus diestrous phases. Administration of gonadotropin leads to a similar increase in the capacity of the ovary to metabolize xenobiotics. This variation in the activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase during the estrous cycle may be related to the marked changes in the incidence of ovarian cancer during menopause and in women taking contraceptive pills.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bengtsson, M -- Rydstrom, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1437-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6681915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/*metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Epoxide Hydrolases/metabolism ; *Estrus ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; Gonadotropins, Equine/*pharmacology ; Metestrus ; Ovary/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Proestrus ; Quinone Reductases/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Time course of alpha-flupenthixol action explains "response artifacts" of neuroleptic action on brain stimulation reward (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1251-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6648532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Flupenthixol/*pharmacology ; Hypothalamus/*drug effects ; Kinetics ; Rats ; *Reward ; Self Stimulation/*drug effects ; Thioxanthenes/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Pimozide blocks establishment but not expression of amphetamine-produced environment-specific conditioning (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: Animals with a history of receiving daily injections of +-amphetamine in a specific environment showed a placebo effect (enhanced activity) when injected with saline and placed there; control animals with similar but dissociated drug histories and experience with the test chamber failed to show the effect. The dopamine receptor blocker pimozide antagonized the establishment of conditioning. However, the same dose of pimozide, when given to previously conditioned animals on the placebo test day, failed to antagonize the expression of conditioned activity. Thus, during conditioning dopaminergic neurons mediated a change that subsequently influenced behavior even when dopaminergic systems were blocked. Although schizophrenia may be related to hyperfunctioning of dopamine, neuroleptic drugs, which block dopamine receptors on their first administration, do not have therapeutic effects for a number of days. The results of the pimozide experiments may resolve this paradox.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beninger, R J -- Hahn, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1304-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology)/*drug effects/physiology ; Dextroamphetamine/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Pimozide/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/physiology ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 33
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    Inflammation and collagenase production in rats with adjuvant arthritis reduced with 13-cis-retinoic acid (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: Oral administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid (40 or 160 milligrams per kilogram of body weight daily) significantly reduced the inflammation associated with developing and established adjuvant arthritis, an experimentally induced arthritis in rats that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis. The amount of collagenase secreted in tissue culture by adherent cells isolated from the inflamed joints of adjuvant rats treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid also decreased as compared to the amount secreted by cells from vehicle-treated adjuvant rats. Collagenase is important in the joint destruction accompanying rheumatoid arthritis. The successful use of retinoids in the treatment of this proliferative but nonmalignant disorder demonstrates a new application of these compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brinckerhoff, C E -- Coffey, J W -- Sullivan, A C -- AM14780/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- P60 AM20641/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):756-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis/*drug therapy ; Arthritis, Experimental/*drug therapy ; Female ; Fibrinogen/blood ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Male ; Microbial Collagenase/biosynthesis ; Prostaglandins E/biosynthesis ; Rats ; Sex Factors ; Tretinoin/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ventral posterior thalamic neurons differentially responsive to noxious stimulation of the awake monkey (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: Of 76 cutaneously activated neurons recorded from the ventral posterior thalamus of awake, behaving monkeys, nine were weakly excited by innocuous skin stimulation and responded maximally only when noxious mechanical cutaneous stimuli were delivered within small, contralateral receptive fields. These results show that neurons capable of encoding the spatial and temporal features of noxious stimuli are located in the ventral posterior thalamus of the awake primate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casey, K L -- Morrow, T J -- NS 12581/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):675-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Consciousness/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Physical Stimulation ; Rats ; Saimiri ; Thalamic Nuclei/physiology ; Thalamus/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Proglumide: selective antagonism of excitatory effects of cholecystokinin in central nervous system (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: Extracellular single-unit recording techniques were used to test the ability of proglumide to block cholecystokinin-induced excitation of rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons and dopamine-sensitive prefrontal cortex cells. Intravenous and iontophoretic proglumide administration consistently blocked cholecystokinin-induced excitations while having no effect on glutamic acid-induced increases in activity. This selective blockade of central cholecystokinin effects by proglumide suggests that this drug may be valuable for studying the possible role of cholecystokinin as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiodo, L A -- Bunney, B S -- MH-25642/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-28849/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-07136/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1449-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Cholecystokinin/*pharmacology ; Drug Antagonism ; Glutamine/*analogs & derivatives ; Male ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Proglumide/*pharmacology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Gene splicers contemplate the rat brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):828-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6138857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 37
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    Brief deprivation of vision after unilateral lesions of the frontal eye field prevents contralateral inattention (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Brief deprivation of vision after unilateral lesions of the frontal eye field prevents the appearance of contralateral inattention to visual, auditory, and somatosensory stimuli. The forced circling that accompanies inattention, however, is not affected. An equivalent preoperative period in the dark only partly reduces inattention symptoms. Visual deprivation does not reduce or prevent inattention resulting from lesions of the superior colliculus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowne, D P -- Richardson, C M -- Ward, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):527-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Attention/*physiology ; Darkness ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Male ; Movement ; Rats ; Sensory Deprivation/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    Bioactive cardiac substances: potent vasorelaxant activity in mammalian atria (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Mammalian atrial extracts possess natriuretic and diuretic activity. In experiments reported here it was found that atrial, but not ventricular, extract also causes relaxation of isolated vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle preparations. The smooth muscle relaxant activity of atrial extract was heat-stable and concentration-dependent and could be destroyed with protease. Rabbit aortic and chick rectum strips were used for the detection of atrial biological activity. The atrial activity was separated by column chromatography into two peaks having apparent molecular weights of 20,000 to 30,000 and less than 10,000. The atrial substance that copurified with the smooth muscle relaxant activity in both peaks caused natriuresis when injected into conscious rats. It appears that atria possess at least two peptides that elicit smooth muscle relaxation and natriuresis, suggesting an endogenous system of fluid volume regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, M G -- Geller, D M -- Cole, B R -- Boylan, J G -- YuSheng, W -- Holmberg, S W -- Needleman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atrial Function ; Chickens ; Chromatography, Gel ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*drug effects ; Natriuresis/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Swine ; Vasodilation/drug effects
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    A polypeptide secreted by transformed cells that modulates human plasminogen activator production (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: A diffusible factor produced and secreted by malignant murine cells was capable of inducing plasminogen activator production by normal diploid human fibroblasts. The factor's ability to induce plasminogen activator was insensitive to treatment with nucleases, but its activity was destroyed by digestion with proteases. It is proposed that such a factor would play a role in malignancy if it would recruit normal cells that were adjacent to transformed cells to produce plasminogen activator which could result in tumor-promoted proteolysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davies, R L -- Rifkin, D B -- Tepper, R -- Miller, A -- Kucherlapati, R -- CA-16239/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-35171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):171-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cricetinae ; Fibroblasts/drug effects/metabolism ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/metabolism ; Melanoma/metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*metabolism/secretion ; Peptides/pharmacology/*secretion ; Plasminogen Activators/*biosynthesis ; Rats
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    Human cancer research (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dermer, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 22;221(4608):318.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; *Neoplasms ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; Rats ; Research
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  • 41
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    Collagen formation by the hepatocyte in primary monolayer culture and in vivo (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-18
    Description: Immunohistochemical techniques were used to confirm biochemical evidence that parenchymal cells isolated from adult rat liver and maintained in nonreplicating monolayer culture for 2 days synthesized type IV basement membrane collagen. On continued incubation in serum-free medium, the hepatocytes also synthesized the interstitial collagens, types I and III. Consistent with these results in culture, type IV collagen was localized to the hepatocytes in slices of pathologic rat liver. Hence collagen formation is a previously unrecognized function of the hepatocyte that may be important in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diegelmann, R F -- Guzelian, P S -- Gay, R -- Gay, S -- AM18976/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- DE02570/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- HL11310/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1343-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basement Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen/*biosynthesis/immunology ; Liver/cytology/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Rats
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  • 42
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    Direct in vivo monitoring of dopamine released from two striatal compartments in the rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Microvoltammetric electrodes were used to monitor dopamine released in the caudate nucleus of the rat after electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. The time resolution of the technique is sufficient to determine in vivo concentration changes on a time scale of seconds. Direct evidence identifying the substance released as dopamine was obtained both voltammetrically and pharmacologically. Administration of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine terminates the release of dopamine, although tissue stores of dopamine are still present. Thus there appears to be a compartment for dopamine storage that is not available for immediate release. This compartment appears to be mobilized by amfonelic acid, since administration of this agent after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine returns the concentration of dopamine released by electrical stimulation to 75 percent of the original amount.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ewing, A G -- Bigelow, J C -- Wightman, R M -- KO 4 NS000356/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):169-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphetamine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Caudate Nucleus/drug effects/*metabolism ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Male ; Methyltyrosines/pharmacology ; Microelectrodes ; Naphthyridines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; alpha-Methyltyrosine
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    Scientist sues over genetically impure mice (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):625-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6603019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Jurisprudence ; Mice ; *Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Research ; United States ; Wisconsin
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  • 44
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    Barbiturate-enhanced detection of brain lesions by carbon-14-labeled 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-02-18
    Description: Cerebral glucose metabolism in rats was examined 1 week after the production by ibotenic acid of unilateral striatal lesions. The incorporation of carbon-14-labeled deoxyglucose decreased within the lesion but much less than that of carbon-14-labeled glucose. Barbiturate anesthesia caused a reversal of the asymmetric striatal deoxyglucose labeling, such that the lesioned striatum retained more tracer than the contralateral side. The combined use of barbiturates and radiolabeled deoxyglucose may enhance the identification of recent brain infarction in experimental animals and in man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frey, K A -- Agranoff, B W -- 1 T32 GM07863/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS 15655/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 18;219(4586):879-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Barbiturates/*pharmacology ; Brain/*drug effects/metabolism ; Brain Diseases/chemically induced/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/drug effects ; Deoxyglucose ; Glucose/metabolism ; Ibotenic Acid ; Rats
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  • 45
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    Light and propranolol suppress the nocturnal elevation of serotonin in the cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Markedly elevated nighttime concentrations of serotonin in rhesus monkey cerebrospinal fluid were reduced to daytime levels by exposing the monkeys to continuous light or to the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. Nighttime elevations of melatonin in cerebrospinal fluid were also suppressed by propranolol and light. Serotonin released in large quantities at night appears to be regulated like melatonin, and may act as a cerebroventricular hormone to influence brain and pituitary function at night.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garrick, N A -- Tamarkin, L -- Taylor, P L -- Markey, S P -- Murphy, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):474-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6683428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm/drug effects ; Humans ; *Light ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Melatonin/physiology ; Propranolol/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Serotonin/*cerebrospinal fluid/physiology
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    Mutagenicity of glutathione and cysteine in the Ames test (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Postmitochondrial supernatant from rat liver and kidney homogenates transformed cysteine into a mutagen that reverted bacteria of the strain Salmonella typhimurium TA100 to histidine independence. Glutathione was also activated by kidney postmitochondrial supernatant but not by liver preparations. Hence, important endogenous compounds of mammals are positive in the most commonly used short-term test for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Glutathione is positive in the test even at concentrations found in mammalian tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glatt, H -- Protic-SabljiC, M -- Oesch, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):961-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6342137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cysteine/*pharmacology ; Glutathione/*pharmacology ; Histidine/metabolism ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; *Mutagenicity Tests ; Mutagens/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Salmonella typhimurium/metabolism
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    Cortical dopaminergic involvement in cocaine reinforcement (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: Neuronal systems involved in the initiation of cocaine reinforcement were investigated by identifying brain sites where direct application of the drug was reinforcing. This was accomplished by allowing rats to self-administer picomolar concentrations of cocaine into discrete brain regions. The medial prefrontal cortex supported self-administration, while the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area did not. Self-administration could be attenuated by including equimolar concentrations of the dopaminergic D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride in the microinjection system. These results imply that cocaine reinforcement is mediated in part through a direct action on mesocortical dopaminergic receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goeders, N E -- Smith, J E -- DA-01999-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):773-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*drug effects/physiology ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology ; Rats ; Self Administration ; Sulpiride/pharmacology
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  • 48
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    Cocaine-induced rotation: sex-dependent differences between left- and right-sided rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: Cocaine elicited dose-related rotation (circling) in naive rats. The maximum effect was greater than observed previously with other drugs. Overall, females were more sensitive to cocaine than males. However, right-biased females were more sensitive than left-biased females, whereas left-biased males were more sensitive than right-biased males. The results suggest that sex-dependent differences in brain asymmetry may be an important determinant of cocaine sensitivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glick, S D -- Hinds, P A -- Shapiro, R M -- DA 01044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Male ; Movement/*drug effects ; Rats ; Rotation ; Sex Factors
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    Adenosine receptors: autoradiographic evidence for their location on axon terminals of excitatory neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Adenosine receptors were made visible on light microscopy by autoradiography with tritiated cyclohexyladenosine. In the cerebellum, adenosine receptors were absent in Weaver mice, which lack granule cells, and were displaced in Reeler mice, which have displacements of granule cells. Thus, adenosine receptors appear to be located on the axon terminals of excitatory granule cells in the cerebellum. Removal of one eye of a rat depleted adenosine receptors in the contralateral superior colliculus, suggesting that the receptors occur on axon terminals of excitatory projections from retinal ganglion cells. The presence of adenosine receptors on excitatory axon terminals may explain synaptic inhibition by adenosine and the behavioral effects of xanthines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodman, R R -- Kuhar, M J -- Hester, L -- Snyder, S H -- DA-00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):967-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*physiology ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Axons/*physiology ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Corpus Striatum/physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Receptors, Purinergic ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology ; Synaptic Membranes/physiology ; Thalamus/physiology
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    Expression of a cellular oncogene during liver regeneration (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-02-04
    Description: The number of transcripts of the cellular oncogene ras, which is homologous to the transforming gene of Harvey sarcoma virus, increases during liver regeneration in rats. The increase in these transcripts in liver polysomal polyadenylated RNA occurs at the time of activation of DNA synthesis during the regenerative process induced by partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride injury. The number of ras transcripts returns to basal levels within 72 hours. These observations show that transcription of a cellular oncogene increases in a regulated way in a nonneoplastic growth process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goyette, M -- Petropoulos, C J -- Shank, P R -- Fausto, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 4;219(4584):510-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6297003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Hepatectomy ; *Liver Regeneration ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Rats ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/genetics ; Time Factors ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    An opiate binding site in the rat brain is highly selective for 4,5-epoxymorphinans (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: In vitro binding studies have demonstrated the existence of multiple opiate receptor types. An additional site in the rat brain (termed the lambda site) is distinct from the established types by its selectivity for 4,5-epoxymorphinans (such as naloxone and morphine). While the lambda site displays a high affinity for naloxone in vivo and in vitro in fresh brain membrane homogenates, these sites rapidly convert in vitro to a state of low affinity. The regional distribution of the lambda site in the brain is strikingly different from that of the classic opiate receptor types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grevel, J -- Sadee, W -- AG 031047/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DA 01095/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1198-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Chemistry ; Dihydromorphine/metabolism ; Diprenorphine/metabolism ; Morphine/metabolism ; Nalorphine/metabolism ; Naloxone/*metabolism ; Naltrexone/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Tissue Distribution
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    Midbrain microinfusions of prolactin increase the estrogen-dependent behavior, lordosis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: Microinfusions of rat prolactin into the dorsal midbrain of estrogen-treated, ovariectomized rats increased lordosis behavior. Midbrain microinfusions of antiserum to prolactin into rats displaying maximum lordosis had the opposite effect. The distribution of a prolactin-like substance in the brain was studied immunocytochemically. The results suggest that a hypothalamic neuronal system projecting to the midbrain contains a prolactin-like substance that plays a role in facilitating this behavior and therefore may mediate some of the effects of estrogen on the brain. These data, together with others from studies of the prolactin gene and its regulation, indicate that it may be possible to analyze a sequence of molecular events in the brain that facilitate a behavioral response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harlan, R E -- Shivers, B D -- Pfaff, D W -- HD-05585/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-05737/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Castration ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects/*physiology ; Cosyntropin/pharmacology ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Growth Hormone/pharmacology ; Immune Sera ; Kinetics ; Mesencephalon/*physiology ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Posture ; Prolactin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Vasopressins/pharmacology
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    Virus-induced autoimmunity: monoclonal antibodies that react with endocrine tissues (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Mice infected with reovirus type 1 develop an autoimmune polyendocrine disease. Spleen cells from these mice were fused with myeloma cells and the culture fluids were screened by indirect immunofluorescence for autoantibodies reactive with normal mouse tissues. A large panel of cloned, stable antibody-producing hybridomas has been obtained. Fourteen of the hybridomas make autoantibodies that react with cells in the islets of Langerhans, 24 with cells in the anterior pituitary, 11 with cells in gastric mucosa, and 5 with nuclei. Except for the antibodies to nuclei, the monoclonal autoantibodies are organ-specific. Some, however, show broad cross-species reactivity, recognizing similar antigenic determinants in mouse, rat, pig, and human organs, whereas other recognize determinants only in rodent tissues. Several of the antigens recognized by these monoclonal autoantibodies have been identified as hormones (for example, glucagon, growth hormone, and insulin).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haspel, M V -- Onodera, T -- Prabhakar, B S -- Horita, M -- Suzuki, H -- Notkins, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):304-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/*microbiology ; Endocrine Glands/*immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Growth Hormone/immunology ; Humans ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Mice ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/immunology ; Rats ; Reoviridae Infections/*immunology
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    Contiguity to males in utero affects avoidance responding in adult female mice (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-22
    Description: Female mice that had been situated in utero between two female fetuses displayed higher levels of active avoidance responding in adult life than females that had been located between two male fetuses and males for whom uterine position was without effect. Uterine position, therefore, influences acquired as well as species-typical behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hauser, H -- Gandelman, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 22;220(4595):437-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/physiology ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sex Factors ; Uterus
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    In vivo one-dimensional imaging of phosphorus metabolites by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: A phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technique has been used to obtain information on phosphorus metabolites from different spatial regions of tissues in vivo. The technique for selection of planes through the tissue is based on phase-encoding of spin echoes and was used to obtain one-dimensional discrimination of phosphorus-31 spectra from different parts of the tissue simultaneously. Specimens were resolved into 16 distinct slices and a signal-to-noise ratio of about 20 to 1 was obtained in 1/2 hour. Results are presented for phantoms, rat legs, and gerbil heads.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haselgrove, J C -- Subramanian, V H -- Leigh, J S Jr -- Gyulai, L -- Chance, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1170-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Gerbillinae ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; Phosphocreatine/metabolism ; Phosphoric Acids/metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Rats
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    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and muscarinic receptors: supersensitivity induced by long-term atropine treatment (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Long-term treatment of rats with atropine induced large increases in the numbers of muscarinic receptors and receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the salivary glands. Since receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide coexist with muscarinic receptors on the same neurons in this preparation, the results suggest that a drug that alters the sensitivity of one receptor may also affect the sensitivity of the receptor for a costored transmitter and in this way contribute to the therapeutic or side effects of the drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedlund, B -- Abens, J -- Bartfai, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):519-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/*pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Hormones/*metabolism ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Muscarinic/analysis/*drug effects ; Salivary Glands/analysis/innervation ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/analysis/*metabolism
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    Lines of T lymphocytes induce or vaccinate against autoimmune arthritis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: The pathophysiology of autoimmune arthritis was studied by selecting and isolating lines of effector T lymphocytes from rats administered an arthritogenic dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in complete Freund's adjuvant to induce adjuvant arthritis. Irradiated rats were intravenously inoculated with a cell line characterized by proliferative reactivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and, to a lesser degree, to rat collagen type II. This produced arthritis in all the irradiated rats. Nonirradiated recipients failed to develop arthritis. However, such rats, and those recovering from cell-mediated arthritis, were resistant to subsequent attempts to induce adjuvant arthritis. Lines of T lymphocytes selected for responsiveness to other antigens had no effect. Therefore, a line of T lymphocytes responsive to bacteria or to collagen type II could either induce autoimmune arthritis or serve as an agent of vaccination against it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holoshitz, J -- Naparstek, Y -- Ben-Nun, A -- Cohen, I R -- NS 18168/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):56-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6336851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis/*etiology ; Arthritis, Experimental/etiology ; Autoimmune Diseases/*etiology ; Collagen/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Rats ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Vaccination ; Whole-Body Irradiation
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    Systemic cholinergic agents induce seizures and brain damage in lithium-treated rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Administration of pilocarpine or physostigmine to rats treated with lithium chloride produced sustained limbic seizures, widespread brain damage, and increased concentrations of D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate (a metabolite of the phosphoinositides, lipids involved in membrane receptor function) in the brain. The syndrome was preventable with atropine. The physostigmine doses and concentrations of blood lithium that caused the syndrome are similar to those considered appropriate for psychiatric chemotherapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Honchar, M P -- Olney, J W -- Sherman, W R -- MH-14677/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-05159/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/pharmacology ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Chlorides/adverse effects ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Inositol/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; *Inositol Phosphates ; Lithium/*adverse effects ; Lithium Chloride ; Male ; Parasympathomimetics/*adverse effects ; Physostigmine/adverse effects ; Pilocarpine/adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Seizures/*chemically induced ; Substance-Related Disorders/*etiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A parathyroid hormone inhibitor in vivo: design and biological evaluation of a hormone analog (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: A synthetic analog of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH), [tyrosine-34] bPTH-(7-34)NH2, was found to inhibit parathyroid hormone action in vivo. When the analog and parathyroid hormone were infused simultaneously to rats at a molar ratio of 200 to 1, the analog inhibited the excretion of urinary phosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. When infused alone at the same dose rate, the analog was devoid of agonist activity. The compound was prepared by following design principles developed for inhibitors of parathyroid hormone, and is believed to be the first antagonist of parathyroid hormone that is effective in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horiuchi, N -- Holick, M F -- Potts, J T Jr -- Rosenblatt, M -- AM11749/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1053-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology ; Phosphates/urine ; Rats
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    Depletion of intracellular polyamines may alter DNA conformation in 9L rat brain tumor cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-22
    Description: Depletion of polyamines in 9L rat brain tumor cells by treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine dramatically altered DNA conformation as measured by viscoelastometry. The reduction of intracellular putrescine and spermidine concentrations to less than 5 percent of their concentrations in control cells decreased the sensitivity of 9L cell DNA to x-irradiation and increased the maximum viscoelastic retardation time of the DNA. Both of these phenomena were reversed by addition of exogenous putrescine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hung, D T -- Marton, L J -- Deen, D F -- Shafer, R H -- CA-13525/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-19658/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-27343/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 22;221(4608):368-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6408733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Neoplasms/*metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm/*metabolism ; Eflornithine ; Molecular Conformation ; Ornithine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Polyamines/*metabolism ; Putrescine/metabolism ; Rats ; Spermidine/metabolism ; Viscosity
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    Protein phosphatases: properties and role in cellular regulation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-22
    Description: Protein phosphorylation is a principal regulatory mechanism in the control of almost all cellular processes. The nature of the protein phosphatases that participate in these reactions has been a subject of controversy. Four enzymes, termed protein phosphatases 1, 2A, 2B, and 2C, account for virtually all of the phosphatase activity toward phosphoproteins involved in controlling glycogen metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and protein synthesis. The properties, physiological roles, and mechanisms for regulating the four protein phosphatases are reviewed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ingebritsen, T S -- Cohen, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 22;221(4608):331-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6306765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Liver/enzymology ; Muscles/enzymology ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/classification/*physiology ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylase Phosphatase/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Kinases/physiology ; Rabbits ; Rats
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    Tumor-derived growth factor increases bone resorption in a tumor associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: Evidence is presented that a tumor-derived transforming growth factor is responsible for stimulating bone resorption and causing hypercalcemia in an animal tumor model of the hypercalcemia of malignancy. Both conditioned medium harvested from cultured tumor cells and tumor extracts of the transplantable rat Leydig cell tumor associated with hypercalcemia contained a macromolecular bone resorbing factor with the chemical characteristics of a tumor-derived transforming growth factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ibbotson, K J -- D'Souza, S M -- Ng, K W -- Osborne, C K -- Niall, M -- Martin, T J -- Mundy, G R -- AM-28149/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- CA-29537/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1292-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6577602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Resorption ; Calcium ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Hypercalcemia/*etiology ; Leydig Cell Tumor/complications/*physiopathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins/*physiology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/complications/physiopathology ; Peptides/*physiology ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factors
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    Some neurons of the rat central nervous system contain aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase but not monoamines (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-11
    Description: Neurons containing the enzyme aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC) but lacking either tyrosine hydroxylase or serotonin were found in the spinal cord of neonatal and adult rats by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. The majority of these neurons localized to area X of Rexed contact ependyma. Thus, spinal AADC neurons have the enzymatic capacity to catalyze directly the conversion of the amino acids tyrosine, tryptophan, or phenylalanine to their respective amines tyramine, tryptamine, or phenylethylamine. These amines normally present in the central nervous system may be of potential clinical significance as endogenous psychotomimetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaeger, C B -- Teitelman, G -- Joh, T H -- Albert, V R -- Park, D H -- Reis, D J -- HL-07379-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-18974/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 11;219(4589):1233-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6131537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases/*metabolism ; Biogenic Amines/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Neurons/enzymology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/biosynthesis ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/*metabolism
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    Intermolecular interactions in collagen self-assembly as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: When a solution of collagen molecules, at neutral pH and moderate ionic strength, is warmed from 4 degrees to 30 degrees C, a spontaneous self-assembly process takes place in which native-type collagen fibers are produced. Events occurring during thermally induced fibrillogenesis process can be monitored, in aqueous media and in real time, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. Tentative assignments of observed spectral bands are given.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jakobsen, R J -- Brown, L L -- Hutson, T B -- Fink, D J -- Veis, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1288-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Collagen/*metabolism ; Connective Tissue/metabolism ; Rats ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Temperature
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    Morphine tolerance in genetically selected rats induced by chronically elevated saccharin intake (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: Rats of line LC2-Hi that drank about 50 milliliters of a highly palatable saccharin solution daily for 28 consecutive days did not show morphine analgesia or an opioid form of stress-induced analgesia and were not responsive to naloxone. These findings support the idea that chronically elevated saccharin intake may cause increased release and utilization of endogenous opiates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lieblich, I -- Cohen, E -- Ganchrow, J R -- Blass, E M -- Bergmann, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):871-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Tolerance ; Endorphins/physiology ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Pain/physiopathology ; Rats ; Saccharin/*pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology
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    Role of surface-active phospholipids in gastric cytoprotection (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-18
    Description: Intragastric administration of a liposomal surfactant suspension markedly reduced acid-induced gastric ulcerogenesis and bleeding in rats. The concentration of surface-active molecules intrinsically present in the gastric mucosa was increased two to six times by administration of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2. Thus, local accumulation of surface-active phospholipids may be an integral component of the cytoprotective mechanism activated by prostaglandin treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lichtenberger, L M -- Graziani, L A -- Dial, E J -- Butler, B D -- Hills, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1327-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gastric Mucosa/*physiology ; Indomethacin/pharmacology ; Phospholipids/*physiology ; Prostaglandins/physiology ; Rats ; Stomach Ulcer/physiopathology ; Surface-Active Agents
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    Synthesizing the opioid peptides (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 22;220(4595):395-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aplysia/physiology ; Endorphins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior/biosynthesis/genetics ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin ; Protein Precursors/biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats
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    A benzodiazepine receptor antagonist decreases sleep and reverses the hypnotic actions of flurazepam (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-01-28
    Description: The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist 3-hydroxymethyl-beta-carboline, which blocks several of the pharmacological actions of benzodiazepines, induces a dose-dependent increase in sleep latency in the rat. Furthermore, at a low dose that by itself does not affect sleep, 3-hydroxymethyl-beta-carboline blocks sleep induction by a large dose of flurazepam. The benzodiazepine receptor may play a role in both the physiological regulation and pharmacological induction of sleep.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mendelson, W B -- Cain, M -- Cook, J M -- Paul, S M -- Skolnick, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 28;219(4583):414-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6294835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbolines/*pharmacology ; Flurazepam/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Indoles/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*drug effects ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Sleep/*drug effects ; Wakefulness/drug effects
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    Potential role of galactokinase in neonatal carbohydrate assimilation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Glucose given to the newborn human may result in hyperglycemia, suggesting that its utilization is impaired at this developmental stage. Galactose is thought to be a more appropriate carbohydrate source for the newborn. The enzymes involved in hexose phosphorylation may, in part, be responsible for these observations. A key regulatory enzyme of hepatic glucose assimilation, glucokinase, is diminished in newborns compared to adults, whereas galactokinase activity is increased. When newborn dogs were fasted and then fed either glucose or galactose, their plasma insulin responses to glucose were similar, but the pups fed galactose demonstrated an attenuated systemic appearance rate of glucose. Hexose incorporation into hepatic glycogen and net glycogen synthesis was augmented in the galactose-fed dogs. In vitro, liver from neonatal dogs showed enhanced galactokinase activity relative to that for hexokinase or glucokinase. Neonatal hexose assimilation may be independent of insulin action and, instead, be related to the developmental presence of hexose phosphorylating enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kliegman, R M -- Miettinen, E L -- Morton, S -- HD05740/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):302-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/metabolism ; *Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Dogs ; Galactokinase/*physiology ; Galactose/metabolism ; Galactosemias ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver Glycogen/biosynthesis ; Phosphorylation ; Rats
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    Passive transfer of diabetes in the BB/W rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: Severe diabetes with insulitis was produced in young diabetes-prone BB/W rats by passive transfer of concanavalin A-treated spleen cells from BB/W animals with acute diabetes. Spleen cells alone or in combination with lymph node cells were active in transferring disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koevary, S -- Rossini, A -- Stoller, W -- Chick, W -- Williams, R M -- AM-25306/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-30846/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):727-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus/etiology/*immunology ; Hyperglycemia/etiology/immunology ; Immunity, Cellular ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Rats ; Spleen/cytology/drug effects/transplantation ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Transplantation, Homologous
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    Brain-grafting work shows promise (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/surgery ; Animals ; Humans ; Memory/physiology ; Nerve Tissue/*transplantation ; Parkinson Disease/*surgery ; Rats
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  • 72
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    Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats by intracerebral injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: Intracisternal injection of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) into the pylorus-ligated rat or the rat with gastric fistula resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric secretion stimulated with pentagastrin or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. When injected into the lateral hypothalamus--but not when injected into the cerebral cortex--CRF suppressed pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. The inhibitory effect of CRF was blocked by vagotomy and adrenalectomy but not by hypophysectomy or naloxone treatment. These results indicate that CRF acts within the brain to inhibit gastric acid secretion through vagal and adrenal mechanisms and not through hypophysiotropic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tache, Y -- Goto, Y -- Gunion, M W -- Vale, W -- River, J -- Brown, M -- AM30110/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):935-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6415815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastric Acid/*secretion ; Hypophysectomy ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Male ; Pentagastrin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vagotomy
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  • 73
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    Insulin-like growth factors: a role in growth hormone negative feedback and body weight regulation via brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: Intracerebroventricular administration of ILA's, a preparation enriched in insulin-like growth factors, caused a marked decrease in growth hormone secretory episodes and in body weight associated with reduced food intake over 24 hours. Central injection of insulin and bovine serum albumin had no such effects. These findings suggest that insulin-like growth factors play a role in growth hormone negative feedback and body weight regulation at the level of the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tannenbaum, G S -- Guyda, H J -- Posner, B I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6338593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight/*drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Eating/drug effects ; Growth Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/*physiology ; Insulin/blood/*pharmacology ; Male ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatomedins/*pharmacology
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  • 74
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    Genetically obese mice: resistance to metastasis of B16 melanoma and enhanced T-lymphocyte mitogenic responses (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: The metastasis of B16 melanoma cells differed significantly in obese (ob/ob) and lean (+/?) female mice of strain C57BL/6J. When the mice were inoculated subcutaneously with melanoma cells at 10 to 11 months of age, the primary tumor grew more slowly in obese than in lean littermates and the frequency of lung metastasis was greatly reduced. When the mice were injected with the cells at 4 to 7 months, the primary tumor grew at the same rate in obese and lean mice, but the obese mice again showed a significantly reduced frequency of lung metastasis. That this effect was related to an enhanced immunocompetence in obese mice was supported by the finding that splenic lymphocytes of ob/ob mice showed three times the proliferative response to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A compared with the proliferative response of lean control mice. The ob/ob mouse may provide a model for the study of enhanced immunocompetence in obese individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, C I -- Kreider, J W -- Black, P L -- Schmidt, T J -- Margules, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1183-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6602379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Immunity, Innate ; Lung Neoplasms/immunology ; Male ; Melanoma/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mice, Obese ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
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  • 75
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    Bone cell differentiation and growth factors (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: Bone morphogenetic protein and bone-derived growth factors are biochemical tools for research on induced cell differentiation and local mechanisms controlling cell proliferation. Bone morphogenetic protein irreversibly induces differentiation of perivascular mesenchymal-type cells into osteoprogenitor cells. Bone-derived growth factors are secreted by and for osteoprogenitor cells and stimulate DNA synthesis. Bone generation and regeneration are attributable to the co-efficiency of bone morphogenetic protein and bone-derived growth factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Urist, M R -- DeLange, R J -- Finerman, G A -- DEO2103-17/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):680-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6403986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Development ; Bone Matrix/drug effects/physiology ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Bone Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Cattle ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Dogs ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Mice ; *Osteogenesis ; Osteosarcoma/physiopathology ; Proteins/pharmacology/physiology ; Rabbits ; Rats
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  • 76
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    Potent interaction between glucocorticoids and growth hormone-releasing factor in vivo (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: Administration of dexamethasone significantly enhanced the pituitary growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing factor in intact as well as adrenalectomized rats. Thus the inhibitory effects of glucocorticosteroids on somatic growth which involve an interaction of these steroids and growth hormone at a peripheral level may also involve a modification of pathways within the central nervous system that regulate normal growth hormone secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wehrenberg, W B -- Baird, A -- Ling, N -- AM-18811/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD 09690/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):556-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6408735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Glucocorticoids/*pharmacology ; Growth Hormone/blood/secretion ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 77
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    Salicylate and mitochondrial injury in Reye's syndrome (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Electron microscopic and spectrophotometric studies showed that salicylate causes gross swelling of mitochondria in isotonic salt solutions. In overall morphology the salicylate-treated mitochondria resembled those from patients with Reye's syndrome. Salicylate analogs such as m-hydroxybenzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate, and benzoate did not exert this effect. The mitochondria deformed by salicylate tended to return to their original condensed form on removal of the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉You, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):163-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzoates/pharmacology ; Benzoic Acid ; Hydroxybenzoates/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria, Liver/*drug effects/ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Swelling/drug effects ; *Parabens ; Rats ; Reye Syndrome/*chemically induced ; Salicylates/*adverse effects/pharmacology
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  • 78
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    Increased brain size and cellular content in infant rats treated with an opiate antagonist (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: From birth to day 21, rat offspring received daily injections of naltrexone at a dosage that blocked morphine-induced analgesia 24 hours a day. At 21 days, body, brain, and cerebellar weights of naltrexone-injected animals were 18, 11, and 5 percent greater than corresponding control weights. In addition, morphometric analysis of the cerebrum revealed a somatosensory cortex that was 18 percent thicker than that of the controls. The cerebellum of naltrexone-treated rats was 41 percent larger in total area and contained at least 70 percent more glial cells and 30 percent more granule neurons. Neurons derived prenatally were unaffected by drug treatment. These results show that naltrexone can stimulate body and brain growth in rats and suggest a role for the endorphin and opiate receptor system in development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zagon, I S -- McLaughlin, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1179-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects/growth & development/ultrastructure ; Cerebellum/drug effects ; Morphine/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Naloxone/*analogs & derivatives ; Naltrexone/*pharmacology ; Neuroglia/drug effects ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatosensory Cortex/drug effects
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  • 79
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    Interrelated striated elements in vestibular hair cells of the rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Unusual fixation procedures revealed a series of interrelated striated organelles in type I and type II vestibular hair cells of the rat; these organelles seemed to be less well developed in cochlear hair cells. The findings suggest that contractile elements may play a role in sensory transduction in the inner ear, particularly in the vestibular system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, M D -- Bourne, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):622-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Organoids/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 80
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    Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4 and E4 by successive elimination of a gamma-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4 causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuelsson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):568-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Leukotriene B4/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; SRS-A/*physiology
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    Quinolinic acid: an endogenous metabolite that produces axon-sparing lesions in rat brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-21
    Description: A current hypothesis links the neuroexcitatory properties of certain acidic amino acids to their ability to cause selective neuronal lesions. Intracerebral injection of the neuroexcitatory tryptophan metabolite, quinolinic acid, has behavioral, neurochemical, and neuropathological consequences reminiscent of those of exogenous excitotoxins, such as kainic and ibotenic acids. Its qualities as a neurotoxic agent suggest that quinolinic acid should be considered as a possible pathogenic factor in neurodegenerative disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwarcz, R -- Whetsell, W O Jr -- Mangano, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 21;219(4582):316-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects/enzymology ; Corpus Striatum/drug effects/enzymology/ultrastructure ; Hippocampus/drug effects ; Neuroglia/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects ; Pyridines/*pharmacology ; Quinolinic Acids/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 82
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    Nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding sites in the brain: regulation in vivo (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-08
    Description: Tritiated acetylcholine was used to measure binding sites with characteristics of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain. Regulation of the binding sites in vivo was examined by administering two drugs that stimulate nicotinic receptors directly or indirectly. After 10 days of exposure to the cholinesterase inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate, binding of tritiated acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex was decreased. However, after repeated administration of nicotine for 10 days, binding of tritiated acetylcholine in the cortex was increased. Saturation analysis of tritiated acetylcholine binding in the cortices of rats treated with diisopropyl fluorophosphate or nicotine indicated that the number of binding sites decreased and increased, respectively, while the affinity of the sites was unaltered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, R D -- Kellar, K J -- 507 RR05360-20/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- GM07443/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 8;220(4593):214-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/analysis/physiology ; Isoflurophate/pharmacology ; Male ; Nicotine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*physiology ; Receptors, Nicotinic/analysis/*physiology
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  • 83
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    Gene transfer by polyoma-like particles assembled in a cell-free system (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: Empty capsids of polyoma virus interact with DNA in a cell-free system to form polyoma-like particles (PLP). The DNA in these particles is protected from the action of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease. Transfer of genetic information by PLP has been accomplished by using a restriction fragment containing the transforming sequences of polyoma DNA as a model gene. Infection of rat F111 cells by PLP containing these sequences results in DNA-mediated cellular transformation. Gene transfer by PLP is 50 to 150 times more efficient than by the calcium phosphate precipitation method.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slilaty, S N -- Aposhian, H V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):725-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cell-Free System ; DNA/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Viral ; Polyomavirus/*genetics ; Rats
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  • 84
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    Extracts of skeletal muscle increase neurite outgrowth and cholinergic activity of fetal rat spinal motor neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: A soluble extract of rat skeletal muscle increased neurite outgrowth and cholinergic activity of dissociated ventral spinal neurons in culture. The effects were concentration-dependent, saturable, and labile in the presence of heat or trypsin. The morphological enhancement was produced only by skeletal muscle extract and decreased with developmental age, whereas the cholinergic enhancement was produced by extracts of cerebral cortex and cardiac and skeletal muscle and did not change with age. These changes were specific for ventral cord neurons, but no species specificity was observed with respect to the muscle source or the neuronal target.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R G -- Appel, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1079-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*biosynthesis ; Animals ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Motor Neurons/*growth & development/metabolism ; Muscles/embryology/*physiology ; Rats
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  • 85
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    Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and homovanillic acid in spinal fluid of schizophrenics with brain atrophy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Schizophrenic patients with high ventricle brain ratios and cortical brain atrophy, as shown by computerized tomography, had decreased spinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. These decreased cerebral spinal fluid concentrations in patients with brain atrophy support the proposal of disturbed noradrenaline and dopamine neurotransmission in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Kammen, D P -- Mann, L S -- Sternberg, D E -- Scheinin, M -- Ninan, P T -- Marder, S R -- van Kammen, W B -- Rieder, R O -- Linnoila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6133351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Atrophy ; Brain/metabolism/*pathology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Homovanillic Acid/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phenylacetates/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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  • 86
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    Retinal capillaries: basement membrane thickening by galactosemia prevented with aldose reductase inhibitor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: A twofold thickening of capillary basement membranes of rat retinas resulting from dietary galactose was prevented by sorbinil, an inhibitor of aldose reductase. Since the basement membrane thickening was ultrastructurally similar to that typical of diabetic retinopathy, it may indicate changes in vessel permeability and susceptibility to hemorrhage. Galactosemic rats should be useful models for studying basement membrane-related complications of diabetes and for examining the potential biochemical regulation of basement membrane synthesis by aldose reductase inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robison, W G Jr -- Kador, P F -- Kinoshita, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1177-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basement Membrane/*pathology ; Capillaries/pathology ; Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Galactosemias/drug therapy/*pathology ; Imidazoles/*therapeutic use ; *Imidazolidines ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Retinal Vessels/*pathology
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  • 87
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    Circumventing the blood-brain barrier with autonomic ganglion transplants (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: Superior cervical ganglia, whose vessels are fenestrated and permeable to protein tracers such as horseradish peroxidase, were transplanted to undamaged surfaces in the fourth ventricle of rat pup brains. Horseradish peroxidase, infused systemically into the host, was exuded from the graft's vessels into the graft's extracellular stroma within 1 minute. At later times the glycoprotein reached the extracellular clefts of adjacent brain tissue, the vessels of which appeared to retain their impermeability. The blood-brain barrier to horseradish peroxide was thus bypassed where the extracellular compartments of graft and brain became confluent. The graft of autonomic ganglia can serve as a portal through which peptides, hormones, and immunoglobulins may likewise enter the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenstein, J M -- Brightman, M W -- NS-17468/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):879-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Cerebral Ventricles/*physiology ; Ganglia, Autonomic/blood supply/physiology/*transplantation ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Rats
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  • 88
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    Transfusions of whole blood prevent spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/W rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-25
    Description: Weekly transfusions of whole blood from a nondiabetic subline of BB/W rats reduced the incidence of diabetes in susceptible BB/W rats from 39 to 0 percent and the incidence of pancreatic insulitis from 64 to 6 percent. Responsiveness of lymphocytes to concanavalin A was found to be low in rats with diabetes or insulitis. Transfusion restored concanavalin A responsiveness to levels observed in control rats free of diabetes or insulitis. These data suggest that whole blood alters the course of autoimmune BB/W rat diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rossini, A A -- Mordes, J P -- Pelletier, A M -- Like, A A -- AM19155/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM25306/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):975-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blood Transfusion ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*immunology/*prevention & control ; Macrophages/immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Mutant Strains
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  • 89
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    Immunoreactive dynorphin-(1-8) and corticotropin- releasing factor in subpopulation of hypothalamic neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-14
    Description: Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and dynorphin-(I-8) were visualized in rat hypothalamus by immunohistofluorescence with specific antibodies. In brains from colchicine-treated, adrenalectomized rats, neuronal perikarya with immunoreactive CRF were observed in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The CRF occurred together with the dynorphin-(1-8). However, the CRF immunoreactivity occurred only in a subpopulation of the dynorphin-(1-8) immunoreactive cells. These findings suggest that there may be a functional interrelationship of CRF with dynorphin-related opioid peptides and provide further evidence that neurons may contain more than one bioactive substance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, K A -- Weber, E -- Barchas, J D -- Chang, D -- Chang, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 14;219(4581):189-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6129700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/immunology/*metabolism ; Dynorphins ; Endorphins/immunology/*metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Hypothalamus/cytology/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Rats
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  • 90
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    Dimethyl sulfoxide stimulates tyrosine residue phosphorylation of rat liver epidermal growth factor receptor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: Epidermal growth factor, a potent mitogen, stimulates phosphorylation of its 170,000-dalton plasma membrane receptor. Dimethyl sulfoxide selectively increased phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in rat liver microsomal fraction. Maximal stimulation occurred at 15 to 25 percent dimethyl sulfoxide and resembled the effect of epidermal growth factor in magnitude and rapidity. Like epidermal growth factor, dimethyl sulfoxide selectively stimulated tyrosine residue phosphorylation of this protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, R A -- Earp, H S -- 5T32 CA 90156/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- AM-30002/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):60-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6294827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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  • 91
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    Synaptic activity mediates death of hypoxic neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Cultured hippocampal neurons, when exposed to cyanide or an anoxic atmosphere in the early stages of differentiation, were not visibly affected. However, neurons in the mature cultures died when exposed to cyanide or anoxia. Cell death could be prevented by treatment with magnesium, which eliminates synaptic activity. These observations suggest that damage in hypoxic neurons is mediated by synaptic activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rothman, S M -- 5 K07 N500568-02/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):536-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Anoxia/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Magnesium Chloride ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology ; Rats ; Sodium Cyanide/pharmacology ; Synapses/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 92
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    A cancer-associated lactate dehydrogenase is expressed in normal retina (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-15
    Description: An unusual isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase k, is found in high concentrations in cultured cells transformed by the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus and in many human cancer tissues. In experiments described here high levels of a lactate dehydrogenase k activity were detected in extracts of normal rodent retina. This activity had the same key properties as the human tumor isozyme, namely, a highly cathodic electrophoretic mobility and inhibition of enzymatic activity by oxygen and 5',5'-dipurinenucleoside tetraphosphates. Expression of this activity in the retina may be related to the high aerobic glycolysis characteristic of the retina, a metabolic feature shared with many tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saavedra, R A -- Anderson, G R -- CA32022/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM28098/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):291-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Chickens ; Electrophoresis ; Glycolysis ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms/*enzymology ; Oxygen/pharmacology ; Rats ; Retina/*enzymology
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  • 93
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    [123I]Insulin metabolism in normal rats and humans: external detection by a scintillation camera (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-18
    Description: [123I]Insulin was injected intravenously into rats and the distribution and kinetics of radioactivity were analyzed by external detection with a scintillation camera connected to a computer. When injected alone, [123I]insulin was rapidly taken up by the liver and to a smaller extent by the kidneys. After reaching a maximum at 3 to 5 minutes after injection, liver radioactivity rapidly declined and free iodide appeared in the plasma. After previous saturation of the insulin receptor compartment, [123I]insulin was concentrated by the kidneys only and the rate of appearance of free iodide was markedly decreased. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of this noninvasive technique to visualize insulin interaction with the liver and kidneys and to study the rate of insulin degradation by each organ in vivo. Preliminary experiments in man demonstrate its feasibility and low radiotoxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sodoyez, J C -- Sodoyez-Goffaux, F -- Guillaume, M -- Merchie, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 18;219(4586):865-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6337399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution ; Urinary Bladder/metabolism
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  • 94
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    Amiloride directly inhibits the Na,K-ATPase activity of rabbit kidney proximal tubules (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Amiloride inhibited the ouabain-sensitive rate of oxygen consumption (QO2) of a suspension of rabbit intact proximal tubules in the presence of different concentrations of extracellular sodium. Measurements of the ouabain-sensitive QO2 in the presence of nystatin, the tissue sodium and potassium contents of the tubules in suspension, and the sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) activity of lysed tubule membranes indicated that the effect of amiloride was due to a direct inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase activity of the proximal tubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soltoff, S P -- Mandel, L J -- AM26816/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM29256/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):957-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amiloride/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects/*enzymology ; Nystatin/pharmacology ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Pyrazines/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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  • 95
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    Trypsin inhibition by tapeworms: antienzyme secretion or pH adjustment? (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: The tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta releases proteins that inhibit trypsin activity. These proteins may be either antienzymes or nonspecific macromolecules that interfere with trypsin. Saline solutions with initial pH values ranging from 5.5 to 10.0 were all acidified to pH 5.0 by tapeworms. If the initial pH was lower than 5.0, it was raised. Because trypsin activity is inhibited at pH 5.0, this intestinal parasite can protect itself from digestion by regulating its environmental pH or releasing trypsin inhibitors, or both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uglem, G L -- Just, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):79-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hymenolepis/*physiology ; Intestines/parasitology ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Partial Pressure ; Rats ; Trypsin Inhibitors/*metabolism/secretion
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  • 96
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    Hypothalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons project to the neocortex (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: Three groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid--containing neurons were found in the mammillary region of the posterior hypothalamus. The groups correspond to the tuberal, caudal, and postmammillary caudal magnocellular nuclei. Many cells in these nuclei were retrogradely labeled with fast blue after the injection of this fluorescent dye into the neocortex. Immunohistochemical experiments showed that these same neurons also contained the gamma-aminobutyric acid-synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase. These results provide morphological evidence for a gamma-aminobutyric acid pathway arising in magnocellular neurons of the posterior hypothalamus and innervating the neocortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vincent, S R -- Hokfelt, T -- Skirboll, L R -- Wu, J Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1309-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/physiology ; Hypothalamus/*anatomy & histology ; Hypothalamus, Posterior/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology ; Rats ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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  • 97
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    Single-channel fluctuations in bimolecular lipid membranes induced by rat olfactory epithelial homogenates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: Chemosensitive single-channel fluctuations were observed to be induced in essentially solvent-free lipid bimolecular membranes by the addition of sonicated homogenates of rat olfactory epithelium. The chemosensitive channels were not observed when respiratory epithelium homogenates were used instead. Ionic selectivity is consistent with potassium ions as the charge carrier. These channels may be associated with the initial events of chemoreception in the rat olfactory epithelium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vodyanoy, V -- Murphy, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):717-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura ; Chemoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Epithelium/physiology ; Ion Channels/*drug effects ; Male ; Membranes/drug effects ; Olfactory Mucosa/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Smell/physiology
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  • 98
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    Dopamine modulation of the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-08
    Description: Studies were conducted to assess whether basal ganglia output neurons originating in the substantia nigra pars reticulata might be affected by dopamine released from dendrites of neighboring substantia nigra pars compacta neurons. Dopamine applied by iontophoresis increased the baseline firing rates of approximately half of the substantia nigra pars reticulata cells tested. The more significant finding, unrelated to the increase in firing, was the ability of dopamine to attenuate the inhibitory responses of these cells to iontophoretically applied gamma-aminobutyric acid. These findings suggest a role for dopamine as a neuromodulator and further suggest that it can act at sites beyond the striatum to modify transmission from the basal ganglia to motor nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waszcak, B L -- Walters, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 8;220(4593):218-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Dopamine/*pharmacology ; Iontophoresis ; Male ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Substantia Nigra/*drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*pharmacology
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  • 99
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    Effects of tyrosine administration on serum biopterin in normal controls and patients with Parkinson's disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: After administration of tyrosine, total concentration of biopterin, the cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, was increased in the striatum, adrenal glands, and serum of rats, and in the serum of humans. Serum biopterin is lower in patients with Parkinson's disease than in normal controls. After oral administration of tyrosine, the increase in serum biopterin concentration was smaller in patients with Parkinson's disease (less than twofold) than in healthy controls (three-to sevenfold). These results suggest that tyrosine may have a regulatory role in biopterin biosynthesis and that patients with Parkinson's disease may have some abnormality in the regulation of biopterin biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamaguchi, T -- Nagatsu, T -- Sugimoto, T -- Matsuura, S -- Kondo, T -- Iizuka, R -- Narabayashi, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Alanine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Biopterin/*blood ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/*blood ; Pteridines/*blood ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
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  • 100
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    Conditioned cues elicit feeding in sated rats: a role for learning in meal initiation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-22
    Description: Pavlovian conditioning was used to teach rats an association between an arbitrary external cue and food. Presentation of the conditioned cue elicited feeding by sated animals. The meal constituted approximately 20 percent of daily intake, and it was compensated for by a reduction of subsequent intake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingarten, H P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 22;220(4595):431-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conditioning, Classical ; *Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; *Satiation ; Vagotomy
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