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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt/β-catenin signalling (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 417 (2002), S. 664-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins mediate cell–cell interactions during cell growth and differentiation in both embryos and adults. Canonical Wnt signalling by way of the β-catenin pathway is transduced by two receptor families. Frizzled proteins and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature756
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dickkopf-1 is a member of a new family of secreted proteins and functions in head induction (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 391 (1998), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Spemann organizer in amphibian embryos is a tissue with potent head-inducing activity, the molecular nature of which is unresolved. Here we describe dickkopf-1 (dkk-1), which encodes Dkk-1, a secreted inducer of Spemann's organizer in Xenopus and a member of a new protein family. Injections of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/34848
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silencing of TGF-β signalling by the pseudoreceptor BAMBI (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 401 (1999), S. 480-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, including TGF-β, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins and nodals, are vital for regulating growth and differentiation. These growth factors transduce their signals through pairs of transmembrane type I and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/46794
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical map of the mitochondrial DNA from the phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus including the position of the ribosomal RNA genes and of an intervening sequence in the large rRNA gene (1983)
    Springer
    Current genetics 7 (1983), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Allomyces macrogynus ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Electron microscopy ; Restriction enzyme map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mitochondrial (mt) DNA of the aquatic phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus is a circular molecule with a size of 56.1 kbp. The cleavage sites for the restriction enzymes SalI and PvuI were mapped by comparing the partial denaturation patterns of isolated restriction fragments with the pattern of the intact circle. The genes coding for the small and large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were located on the restriction map by heteroduplex and R-loop analysis. The gene coding for the large rRNA contains an intervening sequence, app. 0.7 kbp in size, near the 3′-end of the gene. The two rRNA genes are encoded on the same strand of the mtDNA and separated by a region of 17–18 kbp. This rRNA gene organization is similar to that found with members of the Ascomycetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445871
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of cDNA coding for Semliki Forest virus membrane glycoproteins (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 288 (1980), S. 236-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The genes coding for the three membrane polypeptides of Semliki Forest virus have been sequenced and the primary structures of the proteins deduced. The amino acid sequence gives further insight into how the transmembrane structure of the three-chain virus membrane glycoprotein is generated in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/288236a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and rearrangements of rRNA genes in chloroplast DNA in two strains of Euglena gracilis (1984)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 3 (1984), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Euglena gracilis ; strain bacillaris ; strain Z-S ; chloroplast ; rRNA genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The organisation of the rRNA genes in the chloroplast genomes of two strains of Euglena gracilis were analyzed and compared. It was previously shown that the bacillaris strain contains three complete rrn (rRNA) operons (7) and that the Z-S strain contains one operon (21). Using heteroduplex analysis it was found that the bacillaris strain contains, apart from the three complete rrn operons, an extra 16S rRNA gene, an extra partial 23S rRNA gene sequence and an inverted duplication of a stretch within the 5S–16S spacer. In addition a short (〈100 bp) inverted repeat sequence (13) which forms a stem/loop structure in single-stranded cpDNA was located between the 3′-end of the extra 16S rRNA gene and the partial 23 S rRNA sequence. The Z-S strain differs from the bacillaris strain by a deletion of two units of the complete rrn operons. The region upstream of the single complete rrn operon, including the inverted repeats, the partial 23S and the extra 16S rRNA sequences is identical with the bacillaris strain. The only non-homology found in heteroduplexes between the SalI fragments of B of the two strains is the deletion-insertion loop which represents the two rrn operons. A small deletion loop was found occasionally in hetero-and in homoduplexes of both strands in the region of variable size. Apart from the deletion/insertion of two rrn operons the two genomes appear to be colinear as can be seen from partial denaturation mapping. The organisation of the rRNA genes of the two strains is compared with those of the Z strain and the bacillaris-ATCC strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016060
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vicia faba chloroplast DNA has only one set of ribosomal RNA genes as shown by partial denaturation mapping and R-loop analysis (1980)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 178 (1980), S. 261-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Broad-bean (Vicia faba) chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was isolated and characterized. The intact DNA is circular and has a molecular weight of 79.8x 106 dalton. Electron microscopic analysis of self-annealed intact single-strand circles show that it does not have a large double-stranded inverse repeat as seen in spinach chloroplast DNA. Only one ribosomal RNA gene (one set of 16S and 23S rRNA sequences) was found in preparations of R-loops between the Vicia rRNA and cpDNA circles. A restriction enzyme map for SalI and KpnI was derived by comparing the partial denaturation pattern of the fragments with the pattern of the intact circle. The map was confirmed by gel analysis. The ribosomal RNA gene was localized on the SalI fragment 3b by R-loop analysis. SalI fragment 1a although it contains a G-C rich region did not form R-loops with rRNA. Partial denaturation patterns of spinach cpDNA circles and BglI fragments were determined and from this the position of the fragments mapped. This confirmed the reliability of these methods for the arrangement of restriction enzyme fragments along circular molecules. The structures of the two cpDNAs were compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270471
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new insertion element, ISH26, from Halobacterium halobium (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 206 (1987), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Insertion elements of H. halobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A new halobacterial insertion element, ISH26, is described which occurs in the genome of Halobacterium halobium NRC817 in at least seven copies. A copy of ISH26 was isolated from the bacterio-opsin gene (bop) of the Bop mutant M140 of strain H. halobium R1 and characterized in more detail. It shows typical structural features of a transposable element with 16 pb terminal inverted repeat sequences and an 11 bp duplication of the target site. Two partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) are contained in the sequence of ISH26 on one strand. The terminal 16 bp inverted repeat of ISH26 is almost identical to the first 16 bp of the terminal inverted repeat of the ISH2 insertion element. The remaining sequences of ISH26 and ISH2 are entirely different. Two size variants of ISH26, 1,384 bp and 1,705 bp in size, are found in the H. halobium genome. The larger one (ISH26-1) contains an imperfect duplication of 321 bp at one end of ISH26.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326540
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of unstable constitutive revertants of mutant galOP-308::IS2-I (1980)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 179 (1980), S. 391-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The isolation and characterization of three unstable and constitutive revertants of mutant galOP-308 of E. coli is described. In this mutant an IS2 element is integrated between the promoter and the first structural gene of the galactose operon, and exerts a strong polar effect on the expression of the three galactose genes. In the three revertants under investigation it was observed that relief of polarity and constitutive expression of the gal-operon were accompanied by the deletion of 90% of the IS2 sequence and of various lengths of the ajdacent sequences including the gal-promoter. We conclude from this result that the transcription termination signals causing strong polarity were located on the deleted part of IS2, and that in our revertants the galactose genes are now under the control of a new promoter which is apparently unstable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425470
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chloroplast DNA of Euglena gracilis with five complete rRNA operons and two extra 16S rRNA genes (1982)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 188 (1982), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary DNA was isolated from chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris (ATCC No. 10616). The structure of the rDNA was studied using partial denaturation mapping and heteroduplex analysis. Seven GC-rich stretches representing the rDNA were apparent in the partial denaturation pattern. To analyse the structure of the rDNA in detail, heteroduplexes with the E. coli rrnD operon cloned in the plasmid pBK8 were prepared. Five complete rRNA operons were found. In addition one extra 16S rRNA gene was located between the second and third complete operons and another extra 16S rRNA gene was upstream of all five operons. Each one was associated with a small inverted repeat structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332692
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