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  • photosynthesis  (51)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (50)
  • Springer  (101)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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  • 1990-1994  (71)
  • 1980-1984  (30)
  • 1990  (71)
  • 1983  (30)
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  • 1990-1994  (71)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of types I, II, and III collagens in the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament of the human cervical spine (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Anticollagen antibodies ; Collagen types ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ossified posterior longitudinal ligament
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of types I, II, and III collagen in the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine was studied using type-specific anticollagen antibodies. In contrast to the normal ligament which contains both types I and III collagens, the ossified matrix, composed of lamellar bone, contains only type I collagen, except for Haversian canals where type III is located in the inner wall. In the transitional region of preossifying ligaments, types III and I are both present. Type II collagen is present in the hyperplastic matrix of the ligament, and cartilage-like cells surrounded by type II collagen are aligned along nonossified ligaments adjacent to the preossifying region. A possible mechanism of matrix transition during the ossification process is given attention.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405024
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The development of the sensory organs of the legs in the blowfly,Phormia regina (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Metamorphosis ; Imaginal disc ; Sensory neurons ; Immunohistochemistry ; Phormia regina, Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The development of the sensory neurons of the legs of the blowfly,Phormia regina has been described from the third instar larva to the late pupa using immunohistochemical staining. The leg discs of the third instar larva contain 8 neurons of which 5 come to lie in the fifth tarsomere of the developing leg. Whereas 2 neurons persist at least to the late pupa, the other cells degenerate. The first neurons of gustatory sensilla arise in the fifth tarsomere at about 1.5 h after formation of the puparium. Most of these sensilla, however, appear within a short time period beginning at about 18 h. The femoral chordotonal sensory neurons first appear at the time of formation of the puparium, as a mass of cells situated in the distal femur. During later pupal development 2 groups of these cells come to lie at the femur-trochanter border, where they become the proximal femoral chordotonal organ of the adult; the remaining cells become the distal femoral chordotonal organ. Other scolopidial neurons appear later in development. The nerve pathways of the late pupal leg are established either by the axons of the cells that are present in the larval leg disc or by new outgrowing processes of sensory neurons. In the tibia, the initial direction of new outgrowth differs in different regions of the segment: proximal tibial neurons grow distally, while distal tibial neurons grow initially proximally.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571434
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peptides and transmitter enzymes in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons after administration of hyperosmotic stimuli: comparison between messenger RNA and peptide/protein levels (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 279-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Vasopressin ; Oxytocin ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Dopamine ; Galanin ; Dynorphin ; Cholecystokinin ; Salt-loading ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Neurophypophysis ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In situ hybridization histochemistry and indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry were used to study changes in the expression of vasopressin (VP), oxytocin (OXY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), galanin (GAL), dynorphin (DYN) and cholecystokinin (CCK) in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of rats. After prolonged administration of 2% sodium chloride as drinking water (salt-loading), the treatment increased the levels of VP, OXY, TH, GAL, DYN and CCK mRNA in the PVN and SON. The increase in CCK mRNA was, however, proportionally higher in the PVN than in the SON. Within cell bodies of the PVN and SON of salt-loaded rats, a depletion of VP- and OXY-like immunoreactivity (LI) and an increase in TH-LI were seen. In salt-loaded/colchicine-treated rats, a marked decrease in GAL- and DYN-LI, but no specific changes in CCK-LI were observed. Within nerve fibers of the posterior pituitary of salt-loaded rats, a marked depletion of VP-, GAL- and DYN-LI was found. Less pronounced depletion was observed in OXY- and CCK-LI, and no specific changes in TH-LI were seen. The results show that high plasma osmolality induces increased mRNA levels for VP, OXY, TH, GAL, DYN and CCK, presumably indicating increased synthesis, an increased export from cell somata of VP, OXY, GAL and DYN, and a decrease in levels of these peptides in the posterior pituitary, suggesting increased release. The catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme TH, however, which has a cytoplasmic localization and is not released from nerve endings, remains high in the cell bodies and nerve endings during this state of increased activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318631
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GABA immunoreactivity of calyceal nerve endings in the vestibular system of the guinea pig (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 415-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): GABA ; Vestibular organ ; Hair cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig (Rodentia)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Neurotransmitters involved in the vestibular system are largely uncharacterized. On the basis of results of earlier electrophysiological and immunohistochemical experiments, glutamate and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) have been proposed in both mammalian and non-mammalian species as afferent transmitters between the sensory cell and the afferent dendrite. GABA is also suspected to act as an efferent neurotransmitter in the cochlea. We describe in this study the immunocytochemical localization of GABA within the vestibular end organs in the guinea pig. GABA immunoreactivity was found in the calyceal nerve endings surrounding type I hair cells of the vestibular epithelia. The most significant labelings were obtained in the crista ampullaris. Labeling was more difficult to observe in the utricular and saccular macula. These results contribute to the recent proposal that the calyx has a secretory function, and suggest that GABA may have a modulatory influence upon the type I hair cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318645
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of some vertebrate-like neuropeptides (SP, NPY, CGRP, CCK) in the central nervous system of the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 435-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Substance P ; Neuropeptide Y ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Cholecystokinin (CCK) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptide coexistence ; Planorbarius corneus (Mollusca)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The localization of the vertebrate-like neuropeptides substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and cholecystokinin (CCK8) in the central nervous system of the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus has been studied using specific antisera and single and double immunohistochemistry. A widespread but precise distribution of immunore-activity (IR) in neurons and fibers of almost all the ganglia is observed for each antiserum. A comparison of the IR with classical neurosecretory staining (AB/AY) shows a partial overlap only for CGRP and CCK8. Whereas CGRP-IR is found in some Yellow Cells in the left parietal ganglion, CCK8-IR is found in Yellow Green, Green and Brown Cells in the viscero-parietal complex. Studies employing double-sequential methods or simultaneous immunofluorescence have shown that, with regard to the tested antisera, CCK8- and NPY-IR are colocalized in a limited number of cells and fibers in the buccal and visceral ganglia, whereas CCK8- and SP-IR are colocalized only rarely in neurons in the left cerebral ganglion. The possible roles in P. corneus of the investigated neuropeptides and the contribution that molluscan models may offer to the knowledge of the basic properties of neuropeptides are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297223
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary in the dog (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anterior pituitary ; Innervation ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry ; Dog
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pars distalis of the anterior pituitary is known to be regulated by hypothalamic hormones. Recently, we have discovered the presence of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pars distalis of the monkeys. Substance P-like immunoreactivity in the pars distalis of the dog was investigated in this study. A substantial amount of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers with a large amount of varicosities were found. They were widely distributed in the gland, more abundant along its periphery. Most of them were closely related to the glandular tissue, some were located on vascular walls. Substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were also found in the meningeal sheath of the anterior pituitary. They could be followed into the parenchyma of the gland.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318673
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The localization of macrophage subsets and dendritic cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse with special reference to the presence of high endothelial venules (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 587-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gut ; Macrophages ; High-endothelial venules ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse BALB/c
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This study concerns the distribution of macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) in the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse. Heterogeneity of macrophage population was found by using the MOMA-1, MOMA-2, ERTR-9, Mac-1 and F4/80 monoclonal antibodies. MOMA-1, ERTR-9, Mac-1 and F4/80+ cells were detected mostly at the villous cores in the lamina propria of the villi, whereas MOMA-2+ cells were primarily found around the crypts at the base of the villi. These MOMA-2+ cells revealed a granular appearance throughout the cytoplasm and displayed a strong acid phosphatase (AcPh) activity. Few MOMA-2+ cells were seen at the top of the villi in the epithelium. Although MOMA-1 and ERTR-9+ cells have similar morphology and the same distribution patterns in the lamina propria, they are likely different populations, because in Peyer's patches (PP), MOMA-1+ cells were present, whereas ERTR-9+ cells could not be detected. Both populations displayed AcPh activity. Strongly stained Mac-1+ cells were abundantly seen in the lamina propria of the small intestine. F4/80+ cells were rare. NLDC-145+ cells with AcPh activity and weak Ia staining were also found. In the PP-associated villi and in the T-dependent area of PP, dendritic NLDC-145+ cells, which were strongly Ia positive, were detected. MIDC-8+ cells were found only in the T-dependent area. Few NLDC-145+ cells (dendritic cells) were found in the upper part of the oesophagus. These cells were also stained with the MIDC-8 antibody. The MECA-325 monoclonal antibody recognized high endothelial venules (HEV) in PP and blood vessels at the base of the villi of the jejunumileum and caecum. Unlike in PP, the endothelium of the venules in the villi was flat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740787
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of monoamine-containing nerve fibers in the pineal organ of untreated and sympathectomized dogs (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 519-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal organ ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Sympathectomy ; Dog
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Monoamine (noradrenaline and serotonin)-containing nerve fibers distributed in the pineal organ of the dog were studied by means of histochemistry (formaldehyde-induced fluorescence) and immunohistochemistry (peroxidase-antiperoxidase-PAP method) with the use of a serotonin antiserum. With the fluorescence-histochemical technique a dense network of blue-green fluorescent fibers was demonstrated in the pineal organ. Most of these fibers formed a perivascular plexus and their branches penetrated into the intercellular spaces of the parenchymal cells. Since these fibers completely disappeared ten days after bilateral removal of the superior cervical ganglia, it was confirmed that they are noradrenergic post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers. A few yellow-fluorescent fibers were detected in the proximal part of the organ after ganglionectomy. By the use of the PAP method, intensively immunoreactive parenchymal cells and nerve fibers were demonstrated. The distribution pattern of these fibers was similar to that of the fluorescent sympathetic fibers. After almost all immunopositive fibers had been abolished by sympathectomy, some serotonin-containing fibers remained. The latter could be traced back to a system of serotonin fibers in the epithalamic region. These findings suggest that 1) the sympathetic noradrenergic fibers in the pineal organ of the dog take up serotonin which is released from the pinealocytes, and 2) this organ receives a dual monoamine innervation via peripheral noradrenergic and central serotonergic nerve fibers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218648
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical studies on peptide- and amine-containing endocrine cells and nerves in the gut and the rectal gland of the ratfish Chimaera monstrosa (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin ; Neuropeptides ; Endocrine cells ; Autonomic innervation ; Gut ; Rectal gland ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chimaera monstrosa (Holocephala)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells and nerves were immunohistochemically demonstrated in the gut and rectal gland of the ratfish Chimaera monstrosa (Holocephala). The epithelium of the gut mucosa revealed open-type endocrine cells exhibiting immunoreactivity for serotonin (5HT), gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP)/FMRFamide, somatostatin, glucagon, substance P or gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). The rectum contained a large number of closed-type endocrine cells in the basal layer of its stratified epithelium; the majority contained 5HT- and GRP-like immunoreactivity in the same cytoplasm, whereas others were immunoreactive for substance P. The rectal gland revealed closed-type endocrine cells located in the collecting duct epithelium. Most of these contained substance P-like immunoreactivity, although some reacted either to antibody against somatostatin or against 5HT. Four types of nerves were identified in the gut and the rectal gland. The nerve cells and fibers that were immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and GRP formed dense plexuses in the lamina propria, submucosa and muscular layer of the gut and rectal gland. A sparse network of gastrin- and 5HT-immunoreactive nerve fibers was found in the mucosa and the muscular layer of the gut. The present study demonstrated for the first time the occurrence of the closed-type endocrine cells in the mucosa of the rectum and rectal gland of the ratfish. These abundant cells presumably secrete 5HT and/or peptides in response to mechanical stimuli in the gut and the rectal gland. The peptide-containing nerves may be involved in the regulation of secretion by the rectal gland.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297505
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Radial astrocytes and ependymocytes in the spinal cord of the adult toad (Bufo bufo L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Astroglial cells ; Ependymocytes ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bufo bufo L. (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques have been used to demonstrate glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immuno-positive cells in the adult toad spinal cord. Two types of GFAP-immunoreactive cells were observed: ependymocytes and radial astrocytes. GFAP-positive ependymocytes were scarce and contained the immunoreactive product in their processes. They showed intermediate filaments in the basal pole and in their processes when studied with the electron microscope. These immuno-positive ependymocytes represent the tanycytic form of ependymal cells because their processes ended at the subpial zone. The radial astrocytes showed a more intensive immunoreactive product in somata and processes when they were located far away from the ependymal layer. Cell bodies and processes were also associated with blood vessels, but most of the processes ended at the subpial zone forming a continuous subpial glia limitans. The GFAP-positive processes, which form this subpial glia limitans in the toad spinal cord, belong to both tanycytic ependymocytes and radial astrocytes, whose somata are located in the grey matter. These findings lead us to suggest that both types of GFAP-immunopositive cells might be the functional equivalents of mammalian astrocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318633
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Protein gene product 9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibres and cells in human skin (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): PGP 9.5 (human protein gene product 9.5) ; Skin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nerve fibres ; Dendritic cells ; Merkel cells ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Sections of human skin were processed according to the indirect immunofluorescence technique with a rabbit antiserum against human protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5). Immunoreactivity was detected in intraepidermal and dermal nerve fibres and cells. The intraepidermal nerves were varicose or smooth with different diameters, running as single processes or branched, straight or bent, projecting in various directions and terminating in the stratum basale, spinosum or granulosum. The density of the intraepidermal nerves varied between the different skin areas investigated. PGP 9.5-containing axons of the lower dermis were found in large bundles. They separated into smaller axon bundles within the upper dermis, entering this portion of the skin perpendicular to the surface. Then they branched into fibres mainly arranged parallel to the epidermal-dermal junctional zone. However, the fibres en route to the epidermis traversed the upper dermis more or less perpendicularly. Furthermore, immunoreactive dermal nerve fibres were found in the Meissner corpuscles, the arrector pili muscles, hair follicles, around the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and around certain blood vessels. Such fibres were also observed around most subcutaneous blood vessels, sometimes heavily innervating these structures. Numerous weakly-to-strongly PGP 9.5-immunoreactive cells were found both in the epidermis and in the dermis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329435
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Actin filaments: the main components of the scolopale in insect sensilla (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sensilla ; Scolopidia ; Thermoreceptors ; Hygroreceptors ; Actin filaments ; Cryofixation ; Highpressure freezing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Antheraea pernyi, Periplaneta americana, Schedorhinotermes lamanianus (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two types of insect sensilla, mechanosensitive scolopidia and thermo-/hygrosensitive poreless sensilla contain a scolopale, which consists of numerous microtubules embedded in bundles of filaments (7–10 nm in diameter). The bundles are readily seen in the electron microscope in cryofixed (high-pressure freezing and rapid injection) and substituted samples. The filaments can be identified as actin filaments by using fluorescent phalloidins. Both electron microscopy and Triton-extraction exeriments reveal mechanical linkage between the main components in both types of sensilla. Since myosin appears to be absent in the scolopale, the actin filaments are unlikely to be involved in any contraction mechanism; these filaments more probably provide mechanical stability. The functional properties of the scolopale are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329441
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chicken atrial natriuretic peptide (chANP) and its secretion (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) ; Chicken natriuretic peptide (chANP) ; Atrial-specific granule ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Immunohistochemistry ; Domestic fowl (Aves, Phasianiformes)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An immunohistochemical study using antiserum raised against synthetic chicken natriuretic polypeptide was used to investigate the distribution of this peptide in the chicken heart. Immunoreactive cells, both in the atrial and ventricular walls, were identified by electron microscopy, and electron-dense granules in the atrial and ventricular cardiocytes were revealed to be storage sites of the peptide. The electron-dense material, thought to be the peptide, was found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and it is suggested that a secretory pathway of the peptide through the latter to extracellular space, may be present, in addition to an exocytotic one.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318451
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemistry of opioid peptides in the guinea pig endocrine pancreas (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Opioid peptides ; Serotonin ; Enterochromaffin cells ; Endocrine pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Previous immunochemical investigations have demonstrated various opioid peptides in the pancreas. However, controversies exist related to the cellular localization of these peptides in the endocrine pancreas. Therefore, the guinea pig endocrine pancreas was immunohistochemically investigated for the presence of opioid peptides derived from pro-dynorphin, pro-enkephalin or pro-opiomelanocortin. Immunoreactivities were demonstrated on serial semithin sections by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique. In routinely immunostained sections, immunoreactivities for dynorphin A and α-neo-endorphin were localized in pancreatic enterochromaffin cells, but not in islet cells. Immunoreactivity for Met-enkephalin was confined exclusively to B-cells and was localized only in some secretory granules. However, pre-treatment of semi-thin sections with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B led to a marked increase of Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity in B-cells. In addition, immunoreactivities for Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu and bovine adrenal medulla dodecapeptide could be demonstrated in B-and A-cells, and β-endorphin immunoreactivity was localized in A-cells. In no case, however, were immunoreactivities detected for bovine adrenal medulla docosapeptide, peptide F, corticotropin, melanotropin or dynorphin 1–32. The immunohistochemical findings indicate that opioids of different peptide families are present in the guinea pig endocrine pancreas. Since several opioid peptides of the corresponding pro-hormones could be demonstrated in the reference organs but not in the pancreas, it is concluded that the biosynthetic pathways of the respective precursors are different from those in the adrenal medulla or in the pituitary.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318454
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellular proliferation in the anterior pituitary of the rat during the postnatal period (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cell proliferation ; Anterior pituitary ; Postnatal development ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cellular proliferation in the anterior pituitary of 2-, 8-, 15- and 30-day-old rats was examined by injection of bromodeoxyuridine 1 h before autopsy. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporated into DNA was detected immunohistochemically by use of a monoclonal antibody. The highest rate of cell proliferation was found in 2-day-old animals; it decreased thereafter during the postnatal period. Possible toxic effects of colchicine on cellular proliferation were examined. Colchicine treatment (10 mg/kg in 8- and 30-day-old animals) significantly decreased the number of bromodeoxyuridine-labelled cells/mm2 in 8-day-old rats. Some sections were doubly immunostained for bromodeoxyuridine and various pituitary hormones. The proportion of doubly-immunostained cells to all proliferating cells was generally low, ranging from 23% at 2 days to 32% at 30 days of age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318674
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical identification of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in nerves of the bovine parathyroid gland (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Parathyroid glands ; Neuropeptide colocalization ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Although peptide neurotransmitters have been shown to modulate hormone secretion in many glands, there are very few studies of neurotransmitters in the parathyroid gland. Bovine parathyroid glands were collected at a local abattoir, fixed with paraformaldehyde, sectioned using a cryostat, and stained by indirect immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P. We were able to positively identify both neuropeptides. Nerve fibres containing calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P were identified in contact with the tunica media of arteries and arterioles and dispersed throughout the stroma of the gland. While many of the fibres encircled parenchymal lobules, no intimate contact with the peripheral chief cells was observed. All immunoreactive fibres were found to contain both neuropeptides. Since calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P are vasodilators, they may increase blood flow within the gland. In addition, the neuropeptides may diffuse from perilobular nerve fibres into the parenchyma, thereby modulating secretion of parathyroid hormone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318675
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of 14 kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin in various organs of rat (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lectin ; Smooth muscle cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of 14 kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin in various organs of adult rat was achieved using a monospecific antibody raised against lectin purified from rat lung. The antibody-stained cells were formed into small aggregates, thin fascicles, or thick bundles in the walls of blood vessels, gastrointestinal tracts and urogenital organs. From the patterns of distribution, as well as their organization, these immunoreactive cells were regarded as smooth muscle cells. This was confirmed by a double immunofluorescence study using a mixture of anti 14 kDa lectin and anti α-smooth muscle-specific actin antibodies. Strong 14 kDa lectin immunoreactivity was seen in the pericellular matrix of smooth muscle cells in intact organs as well as in detergent-treated organs from which all cellular components were extracted. From these findings, it is suggested that the 14 kDa lectin may be externalized by smooth muscle cells into their pericellular matrix and participate in the crosslinking of the complementary glycoconjugate(s) localized at that site. The macromolecular complex of glycoconjugates thus formed around smooth muscle cells may play a role in anchoring smooth muscle cells to the pericellular connective tissue thereby permitting the force of muscle contraction to be efficiently transmitted to the surrounding connective tissue proper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571428
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Type-VI collagen in the human iris and ciliary body (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Type-VI collagen ; Type-IV collagen ; Laminin ; Fibronectin ; Long-spacing collagen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Uvea ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of type-VI collagen in the human iris and ciliary body was investigated by means of immunohistochemical techniques and compared with that of type-IV collagen, fibronectin and laminin. As has been described for other tissues, type-VI collagen surrounds type-I and-III collagen fibers. The aggregated from of type-IV collagen (the “long-spacing” or “curly” collagen), which has already been described in the trabecular meshwork and sclera, was also observed at the ciliary muscle tips surrounding the anterior elastic tendons of this muscle. In addition, staining for type-VI collagen was seen directly adjacent to the basement membranes of the ciliary muscle cells, the iris muscles, the uveal vascular endothelia and nerves, but not adjacent to the epithelial basement membranes. The staining did not form a discrete line like the immunoreaction for type-IV collagen, but bundles of marked fibrils extended into the surrounding connective tissue. We assume that type-VI collagen similar to type-VII collagen forms part of an anchoring system for these tissues. As type-VII collagen has been described only in connection with epithelial basement membranes, both type-VI and type-VII collagens may represent anchoring fibrils, however for different tissue components.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318453
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 371-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ; Nasal cavity ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Lymphocyte and macrophage subpopulations and the stroma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the nasal cavity of the rat were examined by application of immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical methods to cryostat sections. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue was composed of a loose reticular network with lymphocytes and macrophages, covered by epithelium. The epithelium was infiltrated with B cells, T helper (W3/13-positive) and T suppressor/cytotoxic or large granular cells (OX8-positive), ED1-positive macrophages and Ia-positive cells. The B cell areas were populated by B cells, immunopositive for surface IgM or IgG. B cells with surface IgA or IgE were rare. Germinal centres were found infrequently. T helper cells were scattered throughout the B cell area. A few ED1-positive macrophages and ED5-positive follicular dendritic cells were observed. Strong Ia staining (mostly of B cells) was found in this area. The T cell areas contained T helper and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in about equal amounts, and numerous ED1-positive macrophages. ED1 staining was also found in the subepithelial area. Numerous ED1-, ED2- and ED3-positive macrophages were found in the border between the lymphoid mass and the surrounding connective tissue. A few non-lymphoid cells showed weak acid phosphatase or non-specific esterase activity. The morphological observations suggest that nasal-associated lymphoid tissue plays an important role in the first contact with inhaled antigens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318460
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the circumventricular organs of the monkey, Macaca fuscata (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 679-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers ; Circumventricular organs ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monkey, Macaca fuscata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The occurrence of CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor)-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the circumventricular organs of adult male monkeys, Macaca fuscata, was studied on serially sectioned brains, by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in combination with a highly specific and sensitive CRF antiserum. CRF-containing nerve fibers were found in high concentrations in the infundibulum and, in addition, in small numbers in the posterior lobe, organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, subfornical organ, and area postrema; they were missing in the pineal body and the subcommissural organ. The CRF immunoreactive nerve fibers distributed in these organs were located in the proximity of the blood vessels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216438
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the forebrain and hypophysis of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 507-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Thyrotropin releasing hormone ; Rana catesbeiana ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the forebrain and hypophysis of Rana catesbeiana was studied by means of specific radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry based on peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) techniques. A relatively high concentration of immunoassayable TRH is present in the hypothalamus. Immunoreactive TRH cell bodies are found in the anterior part of the preoptic nucleus, the dorsal infundibular nucleus, the nucleus of diagonal band of Broca, and the medial part of the amygdala. Immunoreactive nerve terminals are observed in the neurohypophysis and the external layer of the median eminence, where the terminals are in close contact with the capillary loops of the hypophyseal portal vessels. The possible role of TRH in the frog brain is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212220
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunofluorescent localization of cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, calmodulin and cAMP in the rat uterus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 639-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): cGMP ; Calmodulin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Estrogen ; Cell growth regulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cyclic guanosine 3′, 5′ monophosphate (cGMP), cGMP-dependent protein kinase, calmodulin and cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′ monophosphate (cAMP) were localized in the uterus of the immature rat by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase and calmodulin were detected predominantly along epithelial and myometrial plasma membranes and in the adjacent cytoplasm. In contrast, cAMP immunoreactive material was found principally in the cytoplasm of connective tissue. After administration of 17 β estradiol, similar time-dependent changes were observed in the localization of cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase and calmodulin in all uterine cell types. For the three compounds, nucleolar-like distribution of the immunofluorescence appeared approximately 12 h after treatment. A more dispersed, reticular distribution of the nuclear fluorescent staining was observed 20–24 h after hormonal treatment. Estrogen did not affect the localization of cAMP. The simultaneous mobilization of cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase and calmodulin towards the same nuclear loci suggests concerted roles for these three molecules in nuclear metabolic processes during the development of the uterotrophic action of estrogens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212231
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An immunohistochemical survey of endocrine cells and nerves in the proximal small intestine of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 153-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Gastrointestinal endocrine cells ; Brain-gut peptides ; Small intestine ; Platypus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The relative frequencies of endocrine cells and peptidergic nerve elements in the proximal small intestine of the adult platypus were studied by immunohistochemistry. Six kinds of endocrine cells — serotonin (5-HT)-, somatostatin-, gastrin-, motilin-, cholecystokinin (CCK) and bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP)-immunoreactive cells — were identified in this study. These endocrine cells were found most frequently in the intestinal glands, in moderate numbers in the tubular ducts and were infrequent in the surface folds. 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were most numerous, somatostatin-, gastrin-, motilin and BPP-immunoreactive cells were moderately numerous, whereas CCK-immunoreactive cells were rare. Five kinds of neuropeptides: substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), somatostatin and leuenkephalin, were detected in the intramural nerve elements. Substance P-, VIP and GRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found most frequently in the lamina propria mucosae of the surface folds. The relationships between the possible functions of the peptides and amine detected in this study as well as the characteristic structure of the digestive tract of the adult platypus are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217409
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bombesin-, gastrin/CCK-, 5-hydroxytryptamine-, neurotensin-, somatostatin-, and VIP-like immunoreactivity and catecholamine fluorescence in the gut of the elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 595-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuropeptides ; Gut hormones ; Enteric nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Elasmobranchs
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The presence of peptides and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in neurons and endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, was investigated by means of immunohisto-chemistry, and the distribution of catecholamines by use of the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence-histochemical technique. Bombesin-like immunore-activity was present in numerous nerves in all layers and all parts of the gut, and also in endocrine cells in the mucosa throughout the stomach, rectum and intestine. VIP-like immunoreactivity occurred in an abundance of nerve fibres and in nerve cell bodies in all parts of the gut except the oesophagus, while 5-HT-like immunoreactivity was found sparsely in nerve fibres and more frequently in endocrine cells throughout the gut. Gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity was present in numerous nerve fibres in the rectum, but only in scattered fibres in the other parts of the gut. Endocrine cells showing gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity were present in the intestine only. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity occurred in both nerve fibres and endocrine cells of the stomach and intestine, but only in nerves in the rectum. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was confined to endocrine cells of the intestine. Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry revealed 5-HT in endocrine cells and catecholamines in nerve fibres (and possibly also in endocrine cells) throughout the gut. Bombesin-, VIP-, gastrin/CCK- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities and catecholamine fluorescence were present in nerve fibres of the rectal gland and, with the exception of gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity, also in nerve bundles in the walls of the coeliac and mesenteric arteries. The findings of the present study form an anatomical basis for the assumption that several of the neuropeptides and amines could function as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the gut of Squalus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218654
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical colocalization of glucagon, serotonin, and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in islet A cells of chicken pancreas (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): A cells ; Glucagon ; Serotonin ; Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The identity of monoamine-emitted, formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in some pancreatic islet cells was studied in pancreatic tissue of male chickens by fluorescence and immunohistochemistry either on the same tissue section or on serial tissue sections. Pancreatic islet cells emitting intense formaldehyde-induced fluorescence also react immunohistochemically with antisera directed against glucagon, serotonin and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. These results show that chicken pancreatic islet A cells contain glucagon, serotonin, and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of serotonin. The islet B cells identified with anti-insulin immunoreactivity, which displayed a very weak formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, did not react with anti-serotonin serum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571431
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the forebrain of the goldfish, Carassius auratus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): GABA ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chemical neuroanatomy ; Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity was studied in the forebrain (tel-and diencephalon) of the goldfish by means of immunocytochemistry on Vibratome sections using antibodies against GABA. Positive perikarya were detected in the olfactory bulbs and in all divisions of the telencephalon, the highest density being found along the midline. In the diencephalon, GABA-containing cell bodies were found in the hypothalamus, in particular in the preoptic and tuberal regions. The inferior lobes, the nucleus recessus lateralis, and more laterodorsal regions, such as the nucleus glomerulosus and surrounding structures, also exhibited numerous GABA-positive perikarya. Cell bodies were also noted in the thalamus, in particular in the dorsomedial, dorsolateral and ventromedial nuclei. The relative density of immunoreactive fibers was evaluated for each brain nucleus and classified into five categories. This ubiquitous distribution indicates that, as in higher vertebrates, GABA most probably represents one of the major neurotransmitters in the brain of teleosts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297492
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellular localization of intrinsic factor in pancreas and stomach of the dog (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Intrinsic factor ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic intrinsic factor ; Stomach ; Immunohistochemistry ; Dog
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A cobalamin (vitamin B12)-binding protein has recently been identified in canine pancreatic juice which is biochemically, immunochemically and functionally similar to canine gastric intrinsic factor. However, the cellular sources of both this pancreatic intrinsic factor and gastric intrinsic factor in the dog are not known. Antisera raised against canine gastric intrinsic factor have been used to examine the distribution of intrinsic factors in the canine pancreas and stomach. Immunoreactivity was demonstrated in duct cells but not acinar or endocrine cells in the pancreas, and in fundic peptic and pyloric gastric pit cells in stomach. All immunostaining was abolished by preabsorption of the antisera with purified canine gastric and pancreatic intrinsic factors. A cellular source of pancreatic intrinsic factor has not been previously described, and the demonstration of intrinsic factor-like immunoreactivity in two cell types in the canine stomach contrasts with its localization in a single cell type in the gastric mucosa of other mammalian species. Furthermore, immunoreactivity in pancreatic duct cells was detected at much higher dilutions of antisera than those required for staining of peptic and gastric pit cells. This suggests a higher concentration of antigen, and supports previous evidence that the pancreas is a major source of intrinsic factor in the dog.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297496
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide in the fish heart and blood plasma examined by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Heart ; Freshwater fish ; Seawater fish ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Radioimmunoassay ; Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei) ; Narke japonica (Elasmobranchii) ; Eptatretus burgeri (Cyclostomata)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The immunoreactivity of atrial natriuretic peptide and ultrastructure of cardiocytes were examined in 5 species each of freshwater and seawater teleosts, as well as in 2 species each of elasmobranchs and cyclostomes. Immunoreactivity was strong in the atria of Cyprinus carpio, Anguilla japonica and Conger myriaster, rather weak in atria of Channa maculata, Lepomis macrochirus, Salmo gairdneri, Oplegnathus fasciatus and Eptatretus burgeri, very weak in atria of Pagrus major, Trachurus japonicus and Triakis scyllia, and not detectable in atria of Hexagrammos otakii, Narke japonica and Lampetra japonica. The immunoreactivity of the atrial cardiocytes was generally stronger in freshwater than seawater fish. Ventricular immunoreactivity was detected only in 7 species, always being weaker than that observed in the atrium. Ultrastructurally, however, secretory granules were found in atria and ventricles of all species examined, being more frequent in the former than the latter. By radioimmunoassay, immunoreactive ANP was detected in the extracts of blood plasma and both atrial and ventricular tissues of all species examined. There were no statistically significant differences in the values between freshwater and seawater species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318627
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of iodopsin in the retina of the chicken and Japanese quail (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Retina ; Iodopsin ; Photoreceptor cells ; Cones ; Oil droplets, in retinal cones ; Immunohistochemistry ; Domestic fowl ; Japanese quail
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Localization of iodopsin in the retina of the chicken and Japanese quail was investigated immunohistochemically with the use of monoclonal antibodies (R1-R4) highly specific for R-photopsin (protein moiety of iodopsin). In paraffin sections of the retina, the outer segments of double cones (principal and accessory cones) and of one particular type of single cones were labeled with the antibodies. In addition, reticular cytoplasmic structures, probably representing the Golgi apparatus in a position close to the vitreous pole of the paraboloid and to the outer limiting membrane were intensely stained in the cone cells bearing an immunoreactive outer segment. In whole-mount preparations, 5 types of cone cells were identified according to the color of oil droplets, i.e., red, yellow, pale-green (principal member of double cones), pale-blue and clear, in addition to a sixth type devoid of an oil droplet (accessory member of double cones). The immunohistochemical analysis of the preparations revealed that R-photopsin (suggesting the presence of iodopsin) is localized in the outer segments of both the principal and accessory members of double cones, and the population of single cones displaying a red oil droplet. Other cones endowed with a yellow, blue or clear oil droplet were not labeled with the antibodies used. Similar results were obtained in the retina of the Japanese quail.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313517
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Innervation of the mink pineal gland with neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing nerve fibers (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal gland ; Central innervation ; NPY ; Immunohistochemistry ; Superior cervical ganglionectomy ; Mink (Mustela vison)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An immunohistochemical investigation of the mink pineal gland was performed by use of antibodies raised in rabbits against neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Cys-NPY (32–36)-amide recognizing neuropeptide Y with an amidation at position 36 (NPYamide). NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers were located predominantly in the rostral part of the pineal gland and in the pineal stalk. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were found throughout the pineal gland, but the number of fibers in the caudal part of the gland was low. The fibers were present both in the perivascular spaces and between the pinealocytes. Many NPY-immunoreactive fibers were also located in the posterior and habenular commissures; some of these fibers were connected with the fibers in the rostral part of the mink pineal gland, indicating that at least some of the NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers are of central origin. The nerve fibers immunoreactive to amidated NPY were distributed in a similar manner. However, the number of fibers immunoreactive to NPYamide was lower than the number of fibers immunoreactive to NPY itself. After removal of the superior cervical ganglia bilaterally 22 days or 12 months before sacrifice, NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers remained in the gland. This immunohistochemical study of the mink pineal gland therefore shows that the NPY/NPYamide-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland in this spegcies are a component of the central innervation or originnate from extracerebral parasympathetic ganglia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313526
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The distribution of an immunoreactive endothelin-like substance in the nervous system of the nereid, Neanthes diversicolor (Annelida) (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 485-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Endothelin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Peptidergic neurons ; Neanthes diversicolor (Annelida)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of an immunoreactive endothelin-1-like peptide was investigated in the nereid, Neanthes diversicolor, using an antiserum raised against synthetic endothelin-1. Immunoreactive perikarya were localized in the brain, and nerve fibers containing endothelin-1-like material were found in the neuropil occupying the central portion of the brain. No immunostained fiber elements were traced in the circumesophageal connectives. Immunoreactive perikarya occurred in the subesophageal ganglion. From this ganglion, specifically stained fibers run posteriorly toward the ventral nerve cord. In each segmental ganglion, immunoreactive neurons were observed in medio-ventral and latero-ventral regions, and one or two marked fibers extended to the parapodium. In the parapodium, small immunoreactive perikarya and fiber elements were visible. Immunolabeled fibers occurred in the stomatogastric nerves, in the wall of the buccal cavity, and in the pharynx, esophagus, intestine and its anal region. Immunoreactive perikarya and nerve fibers were visualized between the circular muscle layer and epithelial cell layer in the esophagus and intestine. The endothelin-1-like substance shown to occur in N. diversicolor appears to function as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313527
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The occurrence and distribution of certain polypeptides within the human carotid body (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 565-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Carotid body ; Enkephalins ; Substance P ; VIP ; Neurotensin ; Bombesin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Both carotid bodies from 26 patients coming to necropsy were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and sections 4 μm thick were stained for various peptides by use of the immunogold technique. The results show that the human carotid body contains met- and leu-enkephalin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotensin and bombesin. The distribution of these six peptides within the carotid body differs. Thus met- and leu-enkephalin are both present predominantly within glomic chief cells but with a marked tendency to favour the dark variant of these cells. Substance P and VIP both show a weak immunoreactivity in comparison to the enkephalins and are present in all three variants of chief cell. Neurotensin shows the weakest immunoreactivity of all and is restricted to a few glomic chief cells in a minority of cases. Bombesin also shows a weak immunoreactivity in glomic chief cells but a strong reaction in glomic arteries and arterioles. In these vessels bombesin appears to be confined to smooth muscle cells in the media but we cannot say whether it is secreted by them or merely bound to receptor sites on their membranes. These findings are related to quantitative data on the concentration of peptides in the human carotid body from a previous paper with which we were associated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313536
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ontogenetic development of synovial A cells in fetal and neonatal rat knee joints (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Synovial A cell ; Ontogeny ; Immunohistochemistry ; Organ culture ; Autoradiography ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ontogenetic development of the synovial A cells in fetal rat knee joints was investigated by immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy, cultivation, and autoradiography. At day 17 of gestation, immature macrophages were first seen in the articular interzone, and thereafter they differentiated into macrophages (synovial A cells), which were found in the synovial intima. The degree of reactivity of macrophages with five monoclonal antibodies increased in the developing synovial membranes of fetal rats as shown by immunohistochemistry. Similar findings were obtained in organ cultures of fetal knee joints. A marked difference of proliferative potential was found between A and B cells during ontogeny. A cells after birth did not incorporate 3H-thymidine in contrast to B cells. Before birth, B cells had a labelling index which was at least five times larger than that of A cells. The results of this study indicate that the synovial A cells are derived from both monocytes and fetal macrophages circulating in peripheral blood and that they differ from the synovial B cells in morphology, differentiation, and proliferative potential.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327740
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glycosyl receptors in macrophage subpopulations of rat spleen and lymph node (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spleen ; Lymph node ; Macrophage subpopulations ; Neoglycoproteins ; Glycosyl receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We have developed an immunohistochemical method for the in vivo and in vitro detection of glycosyl receptors in rat spleen and lymph nodes by using neoglycoproteins. The receptor in both organs recognized mannose coupled to bovine serum albumin (mannose-BSA), fuscose-BSA, N-acetylglucosamine-BSA and to a lesser extent glucose-BSA, but not galactose-BSA or N-acetylgalactosamine-BSA. In vitro neoglycoprotein-receptor binding was Ca2+ dependent and could be inhibited by mannan but not by mannose. Simultaneous staining with the monoclonal antibodies ED1, ED2 or ED3 revealed that only ED1-and ED3-positive macrophages were involved in the binding of neoglycoproteins. In the spleen, the marginal-zone macrophages and a subpopulation of the marginal metallophils possess glycosylbinding receptors. In the lymph nodes, the medullary sinus macrophages and a subpopulation of the outercortex macrophages are able to bind neoglycoproteins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327742
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intragranular co-storage of neuropeptide Y and arginine vasopressin in the paraventricular magnocellular neurons of the rat hypothalamus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuropeptide Y ; Arginine vasopressin ; Co-storage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Certain populations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons in the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus became immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y (NPY) when rats were treated with colchicine or monosodium glutamate (MSG). The co-storage of these peptides was examined by empooying a post-embedding electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry technique using goldlabeled antibodies to the two peptides. In colchicinetreated rats, the neuronal perikarya contained numerous secretory granules showing co-storage of the two peptides. The cells of the MSG-treated rats were characterized by having well-developed Golgi bodies with the granular structures also co-storing the two peptides, although the secretory granules in the perikarya were rather fewer than in the colchicine-treated rats. It is concluded that the destruction of the arcuate nucleus by MSG-treatment may potentiate the synthesis of NPY in AVP neurons, the synthesis of which is latent in intact animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327744
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of man and rat (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Islet amyloid polypeptide ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Diabetes mellitus ; Man ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An immunohistochemical study for islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) was made on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas of man and rat, using antisera raised against a synthetic peptide of C-terminal human IAPP (24–37) and a synthetic peptide of rat IAPP (18–37). A large number of IAPP-immunoreactive cells were found in the pyloric antrum, and a small number in the body of the stomach in both man and rat. Cytoplasmic processes extended out from the bipolar peripheral region of the immunoreactive cells, rather like neuronal processes, and some appeared to make contact with other immunoreactive cells. In addition, small numbers of immunoreactive cells were also seen in the duodenum and rectum, whereas they were absent from the jejunum, ileum and large intestine. An examination was made for evidence of colocalization of IAPP-immunoreactive material with material immunoreactive for gastrin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and glucagon, but none was found. IAPP-immunoreactive cells were also found in the pancreas of non-diabetic and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, but they were completely absent from a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus despite the presence of IAPP in the plasma. The results of these studies suggest that the peptide may have a biological role in situ in the GI tract and, in addition to the pancreas, may be a possible source of plasma IAPP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305236
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical and autoradiographic findings suggest that minoxidil is not localized in specific cells of vibrissa, pelage, or scalp follicles (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Follicle cells ; Hair ; Rat, CDF (C. River, USA) ; Mouse C3H, Crl
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunohistochemistry with a minoxidil antibody suggested that minoxidil-immunoreactivity is associated with the root sheaths, laterally orientated differentiating matrix cells, and dividing epithelial cells of cultured vibrissa follicles of pigmented and albino neonatal mice. The dermal papilla and connective tissue sheath were devoid of minoxidil-immunoreactivity. To verify that minoxodil-immunoreactivity in the follicles was specific, immunostaining was conducted with dissected whisker pads, formalin-fixed “dead” follicles, and sections of spleen, liver and kidney (non-haired organs) cultured with minoxidil. Microscopic examination revealed minoxidil-immunoreactivity in all of these tissues. Follicles and whisker pads cultured with minoxidil, then washed for one h in media were devoid of minoxidil-immunoreactivity. These data suggest that minoxidil-immunoreactivity in cultured vibrissa follicles is probably non-specific. Sections of skin from C3H and CF1 mice which were topically dosed with minoxidil (in vivo) phy demonstrated that tritiated minoxidil was bound in vivo and in vitro only to melanin granules in pigmented follicles of rodent and human tissue. This is probably non-specific binding since melanin is known to accumulate several chemically and pharmacologically unrelated drugs. It is reasonable to conclude that, under the conditions of these experiments, minoxidil is not specifically localized in any cells of whisker, pelage or, scalp follicles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305237
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unique response of Cyanophyceae to copper (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 2 (1990), S. 293-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): heavy metal ; photosynthesis ; periphyton ; tolerance ; Cyanophyceae ; genetic adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A study was made of the tolerance to Cu of 11 strains of Cyanophyceae and 7 strains of eukaryotes. These had all been tested within 6 months after isolation for their photosynthetic activity when exposed to Cu (Takamuraet al., 1989) and had repeatedly been subcultured in the medium without Cu for 2 years. Photosynthetic measurements were made in two ways: precultured in medium without Cu or precultured (for one subculture) in medium containing Cu (645 μg 1−1). The results were compared with those obtained within 6 months of isolation. The tolerance of the eukaryotes did not change significantly in any case, but most strains of Cyanophyceae lost their tolerance to Cu within a few subcultures in medium without Cu; however tolerance recovered following one subculture in medium containing an intermediate level of Cu. This rapid adaptation cannot be explained by a constitutive mutation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02180917
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of environmental parameters on net photosynthesis of a free-living brown seaweed,Cystoseira barbata formarepens: determination of optimal photosynthetic culture conditions (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 2 (1990), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Cystoseira barbata ; photosynthesis ; light ; temperature ; salinity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The net photosynthesis of the Mediterranean brown seaweedCystoseira barbata f.repens is measured according to irradiance, temperature and salinity. There is not only, a good utilization of low light intensities (light-shade adaptation), but also a specific ability to use a broad range of irradiance, which corresponds in the photosynthesis-irradiance curves to a high initial slope and an extended light saturation level from 300 to 1500 μmol photon m−2 s−1; only very high irradiances induce photoinhibition. Maximum net photosynthesis occurred at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 30 °C. The alga tolerates not only a low level of salinity, but also a slight increase in salinity; however, at more than 47.5 g 1−1 NaCl, oxygen exchange is significantly reduced. Light, temperature and salinity requirements are discussed, taking into account ecological considerations. Yields and quality of alginic acid are presented according to the irradiance and yearly evolutionin situ in order to aid future cultivation of this species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179786
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strain selection in Gracilaria spp. 2. Selection for high and low temperature resistance in G. verrucosa sporelings (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 2 (1990), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Gracilaria ; strain selection ; growth ; photosynthesis ; rubisco ; agar
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A strain selection procedure using Gracilaria verrucosa gametophytic sporelings was found to be an efficient tool for the improvement of Gracilaria strains. Two strains, C-2 and A-18, which were isolated and grown clonally, showed higher growth rates under high and low temperature conditions, respectively, than the local Gracilaria conferta. Growth rate, photosynthesis and chlorophyll, which were measured under different temperature and photon flux densities, demonstrated an overall advantage of the selected strains over the wild type strains of both G. verrucosa and G. conferta. Growth rates were also generally in positive correlation with the carboxylase activity of Rubisco. The G. verrucosa wild type also had a 40% higher agar content than G. conferta. The selected strains thus showed higher potential for outdoor cultivation than local wild type populations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023378
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of Verticillium dahliae and drought on potato crop growth. 1. effects on gas exchange and stomatal behaviour of individual leaves and crop canopies (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 96 (1990), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): Canopy enclosure ; stomatal conductance ; light response curve ; light use efficiency ; photosynthesis ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; transpiration ; water use efficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Samenvatting Aardappelplanten (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv.Saturna werden onderworpen aan stress als gevolg vanVerticillium dahliae en droogte. In vroege stadia van de groei werden stomataire geleiding, transpiratie en netto fotosynthese bij lichtverzadiging (PAR〉300 W m−2) gemeten aan individuele bladeren en met een mobiel instrumentarium met behulp van gewaskappen. Er werden geen significante verschillen gevonden in de waarden van de stomataire geleiding en de gasuitwisslingskarakteristieken als gevolg vanV. dahliae-besmetting tot een maand na opkomst. Daarna leidde infectie metV. dahliae tot een afname van de stomataire geleiding, transpiratie en netto fotosynthese, speciaal bij oudere bladeren en bij planten die meer aan zonlicht waren blootgesteld. Soms vertoondeV. dahliae interactie met droogte en bleken beide effecten minder dan optelbaar. De hoge waarden van de variatiecoëfficiënten maakten een groot aantal metingen per behandeling noodzakelijk; dit was vooral het geval bij metV. dahliae geïnfecteerde planten hetgeen aantoont datV. dahliae vooral in het begin van de groei niet alle bladeren in gelijke mate aantast. Door de matigende invloed van de integratie van alle bladlagen en mogelijk doordat de bovenste bladeren werden gestimuleerd, werd de totale gewasfotosynthese in mindere mate beïnvloed doorV. dahliae dan de individuele bladfotosynthese. De bovenste niet geïnfecteerde bladeren bleken verantwoordelijk voor het grootste gedeelte van de gewas-fotosynthese. De resultaten tonen aan, dat volgend op een infectie metV. dahliae, de fotosynthese reeds in een vroeg stadium van de groei wordt verminderd als een gevolg van droogtestress in de bladeren.
    Notizen: Abstract Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants cv.Saturna were subjected to infection withVerticillium dahliae and drought stress. At the early stages of growth, stomatal conductance, transpiration and net photosynthesis were measured at light saturation (PAR〉300 m−2) on individual leaves and with mobile field equipment with the aid of field enclosures. No significant changes in stomatal conductance and gas exchange characteristics occurred as a result ofV. dahliae instomatal conductance, transpiration and and photosynthetic rates, especially on older leaves and on plants exposed to direct sunlight for a longer period of time. In combination with drought,V. dahliae only occasionally showed interaction; their effects being less than additive. High values of coefficients of variatoon necessitated a high number of measurements per treatment; the more so in the inoculated plants which shows thatV. dahliae seems to affect certain leaves while not affecting others early in growth. Crop photosynthesis was less reduced byV. dahliae than individual leaf photosynthesis due to the levelling effect of integration over the whole canopy and possibly through a stimulation of the top leaves. The upper non-affected leaves are responsible for the bulk of photosynthetic crop activity. The results indicate that following an infection withV. dahliae photosynthesis is reduced early in growth as a result of drought stress in the leaves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02000169
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and characterization of the membrane-bound cytochrome c-554 from the thermophilic green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 23 (1990), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): cytochrome c ; photosynthesis ; photosynthetic bacteria ; electron transport ; Chloroflexus aurantiacus ; green bacteria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The membrane-bound photooxidizable cytochrome c-554 from Chloroflexus aurantiacus has been purified. The purified protein runs as a single heme staining band on SDS-PAGE with an apparent molecular mass of 43 000 daltons. An extinction coefficient of 28 ± 1 mM−1 cm−1 per heme at 554 nm was found for the dithionite-reduced protein. The potentiometric titration of the hemes takes place over an extended range, showing clearly that the protein does not contain a single heme in a well-defined site. The titration can be fit to a Nernst curve with midpoint potentials at 0, +120, +220 and +300 mV vs the standard hydrogen electrode. Pyridine hemochrome analysis combined with a Lowry protein assay and the SDS-PAGE molecular weight indicates that there are a minimum of three, and probably four hemes per peptide. Amino acid analysis shows 5 histidine residues and 29% hydrophobic residues in the protein. This cytochrome appears to be functionally similar to the bound cytochrome from Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Both cytochrome c-554 from C. aurantiacus and the four-heme cytochrome c-558-553 from R. viridis appear to act as direct electron donors to the special bacteriochlorophyll pair of the photosynthetic reaction center. They have a similar content of hydrophobic amino acids, but differ in isoelectric point, thermodynamic characteristics, spectral properties, and in their ability to be photooxidized at low temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00030060
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of leaf size on mutual shading and cultivar differences in soybean leaf photosynthetic capacity (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 23 (1990), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): leaf size ; light ; photosynthesis ; shading ; soybeans ; specific leaf weight
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This study investigated the basis of the negative relationship between leaf size and photosynthetic rate per unit of area among five cultivars of soybeans. Exposure of developing mainstem leaves to light, and sizes and light saturated photosynthesis rates of those leaves at maturity were compared in cultivars grown in field plots for two years at Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Plants were grown both in stands at 2.5 cm by 1 m spacing and as isolated plants. While cultivar differences in leaf size were large and consistent in both planting arrangements, significant cultivar differences in light saturated photosynthetic rates were found only in plants grown in stands. Similarly, leaf size was significantly correlated with specific leaf weight only for plants grown in stands. The mainstem apex and developing mainstem leaves experienced more severe shading in large-leaved cultivars than in small-leaved cultivars when plants were grown in stands. Thus, cultivar differences in photosynthetic capacity were probably a consequence of differences in the exposure of developing leaves to light.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00030064
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the nature of the photosynthetic energy storage monitored by photoacoustic spectroscopy (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 23 (1990), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): thylakoid membranes ; electron transfer ; photoacoustic spectroscopy ; energy storage ; photosynthesis ; plastoquinone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The photosynthetic energy storage yield of uncoupled thylakoid membranes was monitored by photoacoustic spectroscopy at various measuring beam intensities. The energy storage rate as evaluated by the half-saturation measuring beam intensity (i50) was inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1 dimethylurea, by heat inactivation or by artificial electron acceptors specific for photosystem I or photosystem II; and was activated by electron donors to photosystem I. The reactions involving both photosystems were all characterized by a similar maximal energy storage yield of 16±2 percent. The data could be interpreted if we assumed that the energy storage elicited by the photosystems at 35 Hz is detected at the level of the plastoquinone pool.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034861
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Retrospective of a botanist (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): autobiography ; chloroplast structure ; chloroplast proteins ; chloroplast lipids ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An autobiographic report of studies on the elucidation of the structure of the chloroplast is presented here. It deals with the discovery of the lamellar structure of chloroplasts by polarization-microscopy, the representation of their layer-like structure with the ultraviolet microscope and the results obtained by the electron-microscope leading to the discovery of the structural elements of the lamellar system. These lamellar structures were in the form of vesicles, and were named thylakoids. Isolation of the chloroplasts made it possible to determine their chemical composition. Amphiphilic lipids, together with water, create bimolecular layers and, therefore, are responsible for the structure of the thylakoid-membranes. The role of membrane proteins was emphasized. The isolation of the individual polypeptides was possible after dissociation in sodium-dodecyl-sulfate. Antisera to these polypeptides were used to localize them in the membrane. These antisera are able to inhibit special steps in the electron transport. Our results of the spectroscopic examination of photosynthetic membrane components are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035456
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A reassessment of the use of herbicide binding to measure photosystem II reaction centres in plant thylakoids (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 24 (1990), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): atrazine ; diuron ; photosystem II ; photosynthesis ; thylakoids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The binding of the herbicide atrazine to thylakoid membranes is often used to quantify Photosystem II reaction centres. Two atrazine binding sites, with high and low affinities, have been observed on the D1 and D2 polypeptides of Photosystem II, respectively (McCarthy S., Jursinic P. and Stemler A. (1988) Plant Physiol. 86S:46). We have observed that the accessibility of the low-affinity binding sites is variable, being limited in freshly isolated thylakoids or in fresh frozen-thawed thylakoids, but increasing during storage of the membranes on ice. In contrast, the accessibility of the high-affinity binding sites, which are titratable at low concentrations (〈 500 nM) of herbicide, is much less variable, although the dissociation constant is greatly influenced by ethanol. We conclude that to quantify Photosystem II reaction centres by atrazine binding, it is sufficient and more reliable to assay only the high-affinity binding sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032650
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleotide sequence and expression of the two genes encoding D2 protein and the single gene encoding the CP43 protein of Photosystem II in the cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 24 (1990), S. 137-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): cyanobacteria ; photosynthesis ; psbC gene ; psbD gene ; translational start codon ; overlapping genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The unicellular photoheterotrophic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was shown to encode two genes for the Photosystem II reaction center core protein D2 and one gene for the reaction center chlorophyhll-binding protein CP43. These three genes were cloned and their DNA sequences determined along with their flanking DNA sequences. Northern hybridization experiments show that both genes which encode D2, psbD1 and psbD2, are expressed at roughly equivalent levels. For each of the two psbD genes, there are 18 nucleotide differences among the 1059 nucleotides which are translated. The DNA sequences surrounding the coding sequences are nearly 70% divergent. Despite the DNA sequence differences in the genes, the proteins encoded by the two genes are predicted to be identical. The proteins encoded by psbD1 and psbD2 are ∼92% homologous to other sequenced cyanobacterial psbD genes and ∼86% homologous to sequenced chloroplast-encoded psbD genes. The single gene for CP43, psbC, overlaps the 3′ end of psbD1 and is co-transcribed with it. Results from previous sequencing of psbC genes encoded by chloroplasts suggest that the 5′ end of the psbC gene overlaps the 3′ end of the coding sequence of psbD by ∼50 nucleotides. In Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, the methionine codon previously proposed to be the start codon for psbC is replaced by an ACG (threonine) codon. We propose an alternative start for the psbC gene at a GTG codon 36 nucleotides downstream from the threonine codon. This GTG codon is preceded by a consensus E. coli-like ribosome binding sequence. Both the GTG start codon and its preceding ribosome binding sequence are conserved in all psbC genes sequenced from cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. This suggests that all psbC genes start at this alternative GTG codon. Based on this alternative start codon, the gene product is ∼85% identical to other cyanobacterial psbC gene products and ∼77% identical to eucaryotic chloroplast-encoded psbC gene products.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032594
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of photon flux density on inorganic carbon accumulation and net CO2 exchange in a high-CO2-requiring mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 24 (1990), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): inorganic carbon transport ; light ; Chlamydomonas ; CO2 exchange ; photorespiration ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of photon flux density on inorganic carbon accumulation and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation was determined by CO2 exchange studies at three, limiting CO2 concentrations with a ca-1 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardiii. This mutant accumulates a large internal inorganic carbon pool in the light which apparently is unavailable for photosynthetic assimilation. Although steady-state photosynthetic CO2 assimilation did not respond to the varying photon flux densities because of CO2 limitation, components of inorganic-carbon accumulation were not clearly light saturated even at 1100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, indicating a substantial energy requirement for inorganic carbon transport and accumulation. Steady-state photosynthetic CO2 assimilation responded to external CO2 concentrations but not to changing internal inorganic carbon concentrations, confirming that diffusion of CO2 into the cells supplies most of the CO2 for photosynthetic assimilation and that the internal inorganic carbon pool is essentially unavailable for photosynthetic assimilation. The estimated concentration of the internal inorganic carbon pool was found to be relatively insensitive to the external CO2 concentration over the small range tested, as would be expected if the concentration of this pool is limited by the internal to external inorganic carbon gradient. An attempt to use this CO2 exchange method to determine whether inorganic carbon accumulation and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation compete for energy at low photon flux densities proved inconclusive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032312
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on thermoluminescence, delayed light emission and oxygen evolution from photosynthetic materials: UV effects (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): delayed light ; oxygen evolution ; photosynthesis ; thermoluminescence (money plant, pothos aurea leaf)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of ultraviolet light on thermoluminescence, oxygen evolution and the slow component of delayed light has been investigated in chloroplasts and Pothos leaves. All peaks including peak V (48°C) were inhibited by UV. However, the peak at 48°C which was induced by DCMU was enhanced following UV irradiation of chloroplasts at ambient temperature (23°C) whereas peak II (-12°C) and peak III (10°C) which were also induced by DCMU were inhibited. Chloroplasts treated with DCMU and dark incubated for several minutes at ambient temperature prior to recording of glow curves have also shown enhancement of peak at 48°C. A slow component of delayed light and photosystem II activity of chloroplasts were inhibited by UV whereas photosystem I activity was marginally affected. These results corroborate involvement of photosystem II in generating thermoluminescence and slow components of delayed light in photosynthetic materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051732
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Overcoming drought-induced decreases in soybean leaf photosynthesis by measuring with CO2-enriched air (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): carbon dioxide ; Glycine max ; photosynthesis ; stomatal conductances ; water potential ; water stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams 82 and A3127] plants were grown in the field under long-term soil moisture deficit and irrigation to determine the effects of severe drought stress on the photosynthetic capacity of soybean leaves. Afternoon leaf water potentials, stomatal conductances, intercellular CO2 concentrations and CO2-assimilation rates for the two soil moisture treatments were compared during the pod elongation and seed enlargement stages of crop development. Leaf CO2-assimilation rates were measured with either ambient (340 μl CO2 l−1) or CO2-enriched (1800 μl CO2 l−1) air. Although seed yield and leaf area per plant were decreased an average of 48 and 31%, respectively, as a result of drought stress, leaf water potentials were reduced only an average of 0.27 MPa during the sampling period. Afternoon leaf CO2-assimilation rates measured with ambient air were decreased an average of 56 and 49% by soil moisture deficit for Williams 82 and A3127, respectively. The reductions in leaf photosynthesis of both cultivars were associated with similar decreases in leaf stomatal conductance and with small increases in leaf intercellular CO2 concentration. When the CO2-enriched air was used, similar afternoon leaf CO2-assimilation rates were found between the soil moisture treatments at each stage of crop development. These results suggest that photosynthetic capacity of soybean leaves is not reduced by severe soil moisture deficit when a stress develops gradually under field conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051735
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of coupling factor in field-grown sunflower: A Redox model relating coupling factor activity to the activities of other thioredoxin-dependent chloroplast enzymes (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 26 (1990), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): chloroplast coupling factor ; induction ; thioredoxin ; regulation ; ATP synthase ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Simultaneous, non-invasive measurements were made of the rate of photosynthetic CO2 fixation and the state of activation of the chloroplast CF1CF0-ATP synthase (CF) in field-grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) during the dark-to-light transition at sunrise. CO2 fixation showed a linear response with light intensity from zero to about 500–700 μE m-2 s-1. However, at light intensities of only 5–22 μE m-2 s-1, the energetic threshold for activation of the CF was found to be significantly lowered (as compared to the pre-dawn state), presumably through reduction of the regulatory sulfhdryl groups of the γ-subunit of the CF. When these studies were extended to chamber-grown plants, it was found that as little as 5 seconds of illumination at 4 μE m-2 s-1 caused apparently full CF reduction. It is clear, therefore, that the catalytic activation of CF is not rate limiting to the induction of carbon assimilation under field conditions during a natural dark-to-light transition at sunrise. A model, based on the redox properties of the regulatory sulfhydryls, was developed to examine the significance of sulfhydryl midpoint potential in explaining the differences in light sensitivity and oxidation and reduction kinetics, between the CF and other thioredoxin-modulated chloroplast enzymes. Computer simulations of the light-induced regulation of three representative thioredoxin-modulated enzymes are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033134
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves developed at different irradiances and temperatures: an extension of the current hypothesis. (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): acclimation ; irradiance ; photosynthesis ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Photosynthetic characteristics at high measurement irradiance were analyzed for single leaves of two C3 and one C4 species grown under twenty one combinations of irradiance level, irradiance duration, and air temperature in order to test the idea that photosynthetic characteristics developed by leaves in different environments are controlled by the daily amount of photosynthesis. Photosynthetic rates per unit area and mesophyll conductances at 25°C and air levels of CO2 and O2, and parameters for two photosynthesis models were used to characterize the photosynthetic properties of the leaves. Leaves with highest values of the photosynthetic parameters for each species were often developed in environments with irradiance levels below saturation for photosynthesis, and with only 12 hours of iradiance per day. Lower air temperature during growth increased the photosynthetic characteristics for a given irradiance regime. Photosynthetic characteristics had higher correlation coefficients with daily photosynthesis of mature leaves divided by 24-hour leaf elongation rates of young leaves, than with daily photosynthesis alone, indicating that photosynthetic characteristics may be related to a balance between photosynthesis and leaf expansion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052370
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosynthetic characteristics of Amaranthus tricolor, a C4 tropical leafy vegetable (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): Amaranthus tricolor ; intercellular CO2 ; concentration ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The gas exchange characteristics are reported for Amaranthus tricolor, a C4 vegetable amaranth of southeastern Asia. Maximum photosynthetic capacity was 48.3±1.0μmol CO2 m−2s−1 and the temperature optimum was 35°C. The calculated intercellular CO2 concentration at this leaf temperature and an incident photon flux (400–700 mm) of 2 mmol m−2s−1 averaged 208±14 μl l−1, abnormally high for a C4 species. The photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and leaf conductance all decreased with an increase in water vapor pressure deficit. However, the decrease in leaf conductance which resulted in a decrease in intercellular CO2 concentration accounted for only one fourth of the observed decrease in photosynthetic rate as water vapor pressure deficit was increased. Subsequent measurements indicated that the depence of net photosynthesis on intercellular CO2 concetration changed with water vapor pressure deficit.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052378
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relationship between state II to state I transitions and cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 245-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): State I-state II transitions ; blue-green alga ; cyanobacterium ; photosynthesis ; energy transfer ; cyclic electron flow ; phase transitions ; Synechococcus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of electron acceptors, inhibitors of electron flow and uncouplers and inhibitors of photophosphorylation on a state II to I transition were studied. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) did not inhibit the state II to I transition. By contrast, 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB), methyl viologen and antimycin A inhibited the transition indicating that the cyclic electron flow around photosystem I, but not the oxidation of electron carriers (such as plastoquinone), induced the state II to I transition. Uncouplers, but not inhibitors of photophosphorylation, inhibited the state transition suggesting that the proton transport through the cyclic electron flow was related to the transition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052128
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of salt stress on primary metabolism of Zea mays L. seedlings of model genotypes (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 123 (1990), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): growth chamber ; nutrient solution ; 15NO3 assimilation ; photosynthesis ; relative growth rate ; seedlings ; short-term NaCl stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Short-term studies for comparing some primary metabolic and growth-responses to salt stress in seedlings of two maize genotypes differing in drought resistance were carried out under controlled conditions. Both genotypes revealed high yielding ability in favourable environments. Treatments: Control (Hoagland-Arnon No 1 solution) and salt stress (Hoagland-Arnon solution plus NaCl, Ψs = −0.84MPa). It was found that in both genotypes the activity of the principal metabolic pathway supplying reduced nitrogen (15N) for the synthesis of amino acids and proteins as well as the assimulatory number (14CO2—assimilation relation rate per chlorophyll unit) were decreased under the effect of the stress. These effects were more marked in the resistant genotype. In this genotype the stress induced metabolic activity decline was accompanied by a corresonding reduction of the relative growth rate. Conversely, continuing growth, resulting probably from accumulation of solutes, was observed in the susceptible genotype. On the basis of these and other observations it is assumed that the resistant genotype manifests short-term energy saving stress reactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011271
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physiological factors determining yield in bread wheat. Effects of introducing dwarfism genes (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 51 (1990), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; photosynthesis ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; harvest index ; biological yield ; economic yield ; short straw ; dwarfism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Improvements in bread wheat productivity have been related to changes in plant morphology and function associated with a large increase in the harvest index for a more or less constant biological yield. The appearance of short genotypes possessing dwarfism genes may modify markedly the objectives of breeding as the upper limits of the harvest index are approached. The aim of the investigations presented here was to identify some contrasts between short and tall genotypes in terms of the physiological characteristics associated with grain yield, so as to orientate more efficiently the selection of genotypes, with or without dwarfism genes, for productivity. Various parameters of flag leaf functioning (photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll fluorescence index, leaf area duration) were related to the biological and economic yields and the harvest index for two groups of genotypes that were differentiated by their height. For all genotypes, the relationships between the various traits and the grain yield were difficult to ascertain. For the tall genotypes without dwarfism genes, the classical relationships between grain yield, harvest index, flag leaf area duration and net photosynthesis rate were confirmed. Moreover, the rate of chlorophyll fluorescence decrease (Rfd) during the slow Kautsky kinetics phase, which is representative of the leaf photosynthesis at low light, was found to be an excellent marker of economic yield. Chlorophyll fluorescence decrease was closely related to grain yield and also with other factors that are known to be important in its expression (harvest index, flag leaf area duration). In very short genotypes, the biological yield and directly related factors (leaf area, plant height) were the main parameters associated with economic yield, since the harvest index had approached its upper limit. The selection of short genotypes must therefore maintain the biological yield through an increase in the size of the aerial organs to counterbalance the decrease in height.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022890
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Current perceptions of Photosystem II (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 23 (1990), S. 131-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): photosynthesis ; Photosystem II ; review ; structure/function aspects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In the last few years our knowledge of the structure and function of Photosystem II in oxygen-evolving organisms has increased significantly. The biochemical isolation and characterization of essential protein components and the comparative analysis from purple photosynthetic bacteria (Deisenhofer, Epp, Miki, Huber and Michel (1984) J Mol Biol 180: 385–398) have led to a more concise picture of Photosystem II organization. Thus, it is now generally accepted that the so-called D1 and D2 intrinsic proteins bind the primary reactants and the reducing-side components. Simultaneously, the nature and reaction kinetics of the major electron transfer components have been further clarified. For example, the radicals giving rise to the different forms of EPR Signal II have recently been assigned to oxidized tyrosine residues on the D1 and D2 proteins, while the so-called Q400 component has been assigned to the ferric form of the acceptor-side iron. The primary charge-separation has been meaured to take place in about 3 ps. However, despite all recent major efforts, the location of the manganese ions and the water-oxidation mechanism still remain largely unknown. Other topics which lately have received much attention include the organization of Photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane and the role of lipids and ionic cofactors like bicarbonate, calcium and chloride. This article attempts to give an overall update in this rapidly expanding field.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035006
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of photosynthetic energy storage in a photosystem I reaction center preparation by photoacoustic spectroscopy (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 24 (1990), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): photosynthesis ; thermal emission ; P700 ; quantum yield ; energy conversion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Thermal emission and photochemical energy storage were examined in photosystem I reaction center/core antenna complexes (about 40 Chl a/P700) using photoacoustic spectroscopy. Satisfactory signals could only be obtained from samples bound to hydroxyapatite and all samples had a low signal-to-noise ratio compared to either PS I or PS II in thylakoid membranes. The energy storage signal was saturated at low intensity (half saturation at 1.5 W m-2) and predicted a photochemical quantum yield of 〉90%. Exogenous donors and acceptors had no effect on the signal amplitudes indicating that energy storage is the result of charge separation between endogenous components. Fe(CN)6 -3 oxidation of P700 and dithionite-induced reduction of acceptors FA-FB inhibited energy storage. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that energy storage in PS I arises from charge separation between P700 and Fe-S centers FA-FB that is stable on the time scale of the photoacoustic modulation. High intensity background light (160 W m-2) caused an irreversible loss of energy storage and correlated with a decrease in oxidizable P700; both are probably the result of high light-induced photoinhibition. By analogy to the low fluorescence yield of PS I, the low signal-to-noise ratio in these preparations is attributed to the short lifetime of Chl singlet excited states in PS I-40 and its indirect effect on the yield of thermal emission.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032307
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoacoustic studies on the dependence of state transitions on grana stacking (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): state 1-state 2 transitions ; Mutant nicotiana (tobacco aurea mutant Su/su) ; photoacoustics ; photosynthesis ; energy distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Photoacoustic detection of oxygen evolution and Emerson enhancement in state 1 and state 2 were compared in a tobacco wild type and mutant (Su/su) deficient in chlorophyll. The mutant shows smaller changes in the distribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems than the wild type. Analysis of Emerson enhancement saturation curves indicates that in the mutant which is deficient in grana partitions and shows less stacking, state 1-state 2 transitions reflect changes in the yield of energy transfer from PS II to PS I (spillover). On the other hand, the wild type containing large grana shows changes in absorption cross-sections of the two photosystems upon state transitions. NaF, a specific phosphatase inhibitor, blocks the transition to state 1, indicating that LHC II phosphorylation has a role in excitation energy regulation in both the mutant as well as the wild type. It is demonstrated that N-ethylmaleimide, a specific sulfhydryl reagent, blocks the transition to state 2, suggesting that a disulfide-sulfhydryl redox couple activates the LHC II kinase in vivo.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033163
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LED array spectrophotometer for measurement of time resolved difference spectra in the 530–600 nm wavelength region (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 317-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): LED-Array Spectrophotometer ; difference spectroscopy ; time resolved spectra ; photosynthesis ; cytochrome b/f complex ; cytochrome b 559 ; heat-stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new type of computer controlled spectrophotometer is described which is based on an array of independent, monochromatic pulsed light sources consisting of light emitting diodes (LED) equipped with narrow band interference filters. The LEDs are sequentially pulsed at a high repetition rate. The absorbance information at specific wavelengths is sampled in the μs-time range, using a computer-controlled, highly selective technique of synchronous amplification. A first prototype of this LED Array Spectrophotometer allows simultaneous recording of kinetic changes at 16 different wavelengths in the range from 530 to 600 nm, with a time resolution of 1 ms/point. Special features of the new type of spectrophotometer are: Weak integrated measuring light intensity, high signal/noise ratio even with scattering samples like intact leaves, active baseline adjustment by LED current regulation, computer control of system operation and data analysis. To deconvolute the complex absorbance changes in the cytochrome α-band region, ‘standard spectra’ of the major components are stored in computer memory and used for curve fitting of difference spectra and kinetic changes. As an example of application, the light-induced absorbance changes in a heat-pretreated spinach leaf are analysed. The system effectively separates specific absorbance changes of C550, cyt f, cyt b 559 and cyt b 563 from a large background of non-specific changes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033173
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Computer aided fluorescence imaging of photosynthetic systems (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 26 (1990), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): Video imaging ; fluorescence induction kinetics ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A fluorescence video imaging system utilizing relatively inexpensive commercial components is described. The instrument utilizes a black and white CCD video camera detector, a commercial video imaging board and a IBM-AT compatible computer. The color output of the imaging board greatly aids in the users ability to visually discriminate areas of interest in the video field. Software development that enables the user to capture kinetic traces in real time from the video images is also described. The system is used to monitor fluorescence from photosynthetic systems. The usefulness of the system in screening for photosynthetic mutants is also demonstrated. The cost of the system can be kept below $12,000.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048977
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic diversity of photosynthetic characters in native populations of Triticum dicoccoides (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; genetic variation ; photosynthesis ; wild emmer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides Korn) has shown wide genetic diversity for disease resistance and morpho-physiological traits of economic importance. Our objectives were to test for genetic variation (VG) in photosynthetic characteristics residing within and between native populations sampled from three ecogeographical regions of Israel, and to identify potential sources of high photosynthetic efficiency for future wheat improvement. Accessions sampled in the center of wild emmer distribution (upper Jordan Valley) in a relatively narrow geographical range showed the greatest diversity in CO2-assimilation rate per unit leaf area (A) or per unit chlorophyll (A/Chl). Genetic variation was absent for internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and water-use efficiency (WUE) and generally lacking for stomatal conductance (gs). Leaf area, although quite variable, was not a significant cofactor in assessing genetic potential for photosynthesis. Accessions within a given population showed 10-times more variation in A and A/Chl than populations sampled from different locations in a region. Accessions with the highest photosynthetic efficiency were derived from upland steppic populations located in marginal habitats extending southward into Israel. Some accessions having high photosynthetic capacity (A=32 μmol m-2 s-1) with no significant reduction in leaf size constitute a potentially valuable genetic resource yet untapped for genetic improvement of hexaploid (T. aestivum L.) wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035460
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Computer-controlled pulse modulation system for analysis of photoacoustic signals in the time domain (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 309-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): photoacoustics ; photosynthesis ; O2-evolution ; gas-exchange ; heat evolution ; chlorophyll fluorescence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A newly developed photoacoustic system for measurement of photosynthetic reactions in intact leaves is described. The system is based on pulsed light-emitting diodes, the pulse program and pulse response analysis being computer controlled. Separation of various components in the overall photoacoustic signal is achieved by curve fitting analysis of the responses following individual measuring light pulses in the millisecond time domain. This procedure is in distinction to the conventionally used analysis in the frequency domain, with the advantage that various signal components are obtained by on-line deconvolution, yielding simultaneous recordings of photothermal (complement of energy storage) and photobaric (evolution and uptake) signals. The basic components of the new system are described by block diagrams and the principal steps for deconvolution of the overall photoacoustic response are outlined. An example of application with simultaneous recording of chlorophyll fluorescence is given. It is apparent that the photobaric uptake component represents a significant part of the overall signal, particularly during induction of photosynthesis after dark-adaptation. This component probably contains not only O2-uptake but uptake of CO2 as well.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033172
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Leaf anatomical characteristics in Flaveria trinervia (C4), Flaveria brownii (C4-like) and their F1 hybrid (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 26 (1990), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): Chloroplasts ; Kranz anatomy ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Several leaf anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics usually related with photosynthetic capacity were examined in two Flaveria species with strong differences in anatomy and their F1 hybrid. Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) Mohr (C4) was the female parent and F. brownii A.M. Powell (C4-like) was the male parent. Quantitative anatomical analysis was made on transverse sections of leaves at both the light and electron microscope level. Four kinds of photosynthetic tissues were considered: bundle sheath (BS), mesophyll adjacent to the BS, mesophyll not adjacent to the BS, and larger spongy mesophyll cells. Flaveria trinvervia partitioned a larger proportion of its photosynthetic cells to BS and the mesophyll layer adjacent to BS and also possessed larger chloroplasts, especially in BS, than did F. brownii. These results suggest that although F. brownii is very C4-like, its anatomy is not as completely C4 as is the case for F. trinervia. In the F1 hybrid the relative contribution of the different tissues to the total photosynthetic tissue volume and area per unit leaf area was quite similar to that of F. trinervia. On the other hand, the chloroplast density and size of the F1 hybrid were fairly similar to those of F. brownii, especially in BS. Thus, there was no evidence of maternal inheritance in the chloroplast characteristics studied. A negative correlation (P〈0.05) between chloroplast size and density was observed among species and relicates within each kind of tissue. This correlation was highest (r=−0.94, P〈0.001) for the BS and when values were plotted on a logarithmic scale. Thus, higher chloroplast numbers for F. brownii and the F1 hybrid were offset by larger chloroplasts in F. trinervia. Less complete C4 photosynthesis in F. brownii may be partially due to incomplete development of Kranz anatomy usually associated with C4 photosynthesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048976
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves developed at different irradiances and temperatures: an extension of the current hypothesis (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): acclimation ; irradiance ; photosynthesis ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Photosynthetic characteristics at high measurement irradiance were analyzed for single leaves of two C3 and one C4 species grown under twenty one combinations of irradiance level, irradiance duration, and air temperature in order to test the idea that photosynthetic characteristies developed by leaves in different environments are controlled by the daily amount of photosynthesis. Photosynthetic rates per unit area and mesophyll conductances at 25°C and air levels of CO2 and O2, and parameters for two photosynthesis models were used to characterize the photosynthetic properties of the leaves. Leaves with highest values of the photosynthetic parameters for each species were often developed in environments with irradiance levels below saturation for photosynthesis, and with only 12 hours of irradiance per day. Lower air temperature during growth increased the photosynthetic characteristics for a given irradiance regime. Photosynthetic characteristics had higher correlation coefficients with daily photosynthesis of mature leaves divided by 24-hour leaf elongation rates of young leaves, than with daily photosynthesis alone, indicating that photosynthetic characteristics may be related to a balance between photosynthesis and leaf expansion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041804
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosynthetic characteristics of Amaranthus tricolor, a C4 tropical leafy vegetable (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): Amaranthus tricolor ; intercellular CO2 concentration ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The gas exchange characteristics are reported for Amaranthus tricolor, a C4 vegetable amaranth of southeastern Asia. Maximum photosynthetic capacity was 48.3±1.0 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and the temperature optimum was 35°C. The calculated intercellular CO2 concentration at this leaf temperature and an incident photon flux (400–700 mm) of 2 mmol m-2 s-1 averaged 208±14 μl l-1, abnormally high for a C4 species. The photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and leaf conductance all decreased with an increase in water vapor pressure deficit. However, the decrease in leaf conductance which resulted in a decrease in intercellular CO2 concentration accounted for only one fourth of the observed decrease in photosynthetic rate as water vapor pressure deficit was increased. Subsequent measurements indicated that the dependence of net photosynthesis on intercellular CO2 concentration changed with water vapor pressure deficit.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041812
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrography and characteristics of the phytoplankton in shelf and oceanic waters off southeastern Brazil during winter (July/August 1982) and summer (February/March 1984) (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 196 (1990), S. 111-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): hydrography ; nutrients ; photosynthesis ; subsurface chlorophyll maxima ; southeastern Brazil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The physical and chemical environment, and the phytoplankton primary production of southeastern Brazil were studied in relation to the general oceanographic structure during two research cruises (winter and summer). In each cruise, a total of 91 stations were occupied. Data were collected on the spatial distribution of nutrients, phytoplankton biomass and photosynthetic capacity over the coastal, shelf and oceanic areas off São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina States. During wintertime, the mixing processes between tropical warm waters of the Brazil Current and subantarctic waters of the Malvinas Current formed strong environmental gradients. The drainings of Rio de La Plata and Lagoa dos Patos are transported northwards by coastal currents, enriching the shelf waters off Santa Catarina State with inorganic nutrients and consequently increasing the chlorophyll ‘a’ to the highest concentrations (〉 3.5 mg m −3) measured during the two cruises. In slope waters chlorophyll values were always low (0.05–0.45 mg m −3). The chlorophyll within the euphotic layer varied from 8.8–36.7 and 1.2–18.5 mg m−2 during winter and summer, respectively. The surface photosynthetic rates during winter and summer cruises ranged respectively from 0.21–9.17 and 0.66–19.60 mgC/mgChl.a/h. The mean rates were higher in nearshore waters and decreased seaward. The thermal structure of the water column affected the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a and photosynthesis within the euphotic zone; During unstratified periods (winter) they were uniformly distributed but the occurrence of subsurface peaks of chlorophyll and strong photosynthetic inhibition of low light adapted cells in deeper layers are associated to the seasonal thermocline. Occasionally, upwelling of deep waters from shelf break enriched the deeper euphotic layers in offshore areas. Intensive upwelling was observed off Paranagua Bay (Parana State) and the mechanisms of its formation are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006105
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative photosynthetic studies of Ecklonia cava (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) bladelets with and without zoosporangial sori (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Ecklonia cava ; Phaeophyta ; photosynthesis ; respiration ; seaweed ; zoosporangial sori
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Photosynthetic rates were compared between Ecklonia cava bladelets with and without zoosporangial sori sampled from the subtidal zone (about 5 m deep) in Nabeta Bay, Shimoda, Japan. Photosynthetic rates of bladelets were lower in the sorus portion than in the non-sorus portion on the basis of area, dry weight and chlorophyll a. Respiration rates were higher in the sorus portion than in the non-sorus portion on the basis of area and chlorophyll a, whereas they were almost the same on a dry weight basis. The differences were mainly due to a large difference in dry weight per unit bladelet area between the sorus and the non-sorus portion. Light compensation points were higher in the sorus portion than in the non-sorus portion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040273
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development and application of a technique for estimating nutrient deficiency in soft sediments (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 203 (1990), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): sediments ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; nutrient limitation ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A diffusion enrichment technique is presented which allows for chemical enrichment of soft surficial and shallow subsurface sediments and subsequent measurement of O2 production. The sediment is enriched by inserting a perforated tube containing dialysis tubing filled with a nutrient/agar mixture. O2 production by surficial sediment is measured using an inverted, translucent, polyethylene chamber over the sediment. The inside of the chamber contains a collapsible bag connected to the water outside the chamber. When water overlying the sediment is withdrawn from a sampling port, it is displaced with water from outside the chamber, thus preventing contamination of water samples with pore water from below. The technique was tested by enriching near-shore sediments in a large oligotrophic lake with inorganic N and P. NHinf4/p+ additions significantly stimulated benthic primary production as measured by 02 production, whereas enrichment with POinf4/3- had no effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005617
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth, photosynthesis and agar in wild-type strains of Gracilaria verrucosa and G. conferta (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), as a strain selection experiment (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Gracilaria ; growth ; light ; photosynthesis ; RuBPcase ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The local species Gracilaria conferta and the foreign G. verrucosa were grown together under a wide range of photon flux density and temperature conditions. Gracilaria verrucosa showed a higher growth rate, especially under low temperatures, and higher photosynthetic performances as well as higher ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity as compared with G. conferta. Gracilaria verrucosa also showed a better quality and yield of agar, suggesting that this species could be more suitable than G. conferta for outdoor cultivation in Israel and may improve winter growth in ponds. Growth rate and agar quality (gel strength) were rated as the most suitable characteristics influencing the preference of strains for outdoor cultivation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040260
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physiological responses of Pterocladia and Gelidium (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from the Azores, Portugal (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 479-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Gelidium ; photosynthesis ; physiological responses ; Pterocladia ; Rhodophyta
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Manometric studies were conducted on Pterocladia capillacea, Gelidium latifolium and Gelidium spinulosum from the Azores, Portugal to determine optimal values of temperature, light and salinity for growth. Physiological responses were considered in relation to vertical distribution patterns of these species commonly observed throughout the Azores. Optimal parameters for the growth of Pterocladia capillacea, Gelidium latifolium and G. spinulosum were 17 to 25 °C, a photon flux density between 200 and 300 µmol m−2 s−1 and salinities of 25 to 35‰.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040274
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosynthetic characteristics of Cymbidium plantlet in vitro (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 22 (1990), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): CO2 enrichment ; Cymbidium ; in vitro ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The photosynthetic characteristics of the Cymbidium plantlet in vitro cultured on Hyponex-agar medium with 2% sucrose were determined based on the measurements of CO2 concentration inside and outside of the culture vessels. The CO2 measurements were made with a gas chromatograph at a PPF (photosynthetic photon flux) of 35, 102 and 226 μmol m-2 s-1, a chamber air temperature of 15, 25 and 35°C and a CO2 concentration outside the vessel of approximately 350, 1100 and 3000 ppm. The net photosynthetic rates were determined on individual plantlets and were expressed on a dry weight basis. The steady-state CO2 concentration during the photoperiod was lower inside the vessel than outside the vessel at any PPF greater than 35 μmol m-2s-1 and at any chamber air temperature. The photosynthetic response curves relating the net photosynthetic rate, PPF, and CO2 concentration in the vessel and chamber air temperature were similar to those for Cymbidium plants grown outside and other C3 plants grown outside under shade. The results indicate that CO2 enrichment for the plantlets in vitro at a relatively high PPF would promote photosynthesis and hence the growth of chlorophyllous shoots/plantlets in vitro and that the plantlets in vitro would make photoautotrophic growth under environmental conditions favorable for photosynthesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033638
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and ribulose 5-phosphate kinase abundances and photosynthetic capacity during leaf senescence (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 23 (1990), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): Glycine max L. ; photosynthesis ; ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ; ribulose 5-phosphate kinase ; senescence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The abundances of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylate/oxygenase (Rubisco) and ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) kinase in field-grown soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) leaves were quantified by a Western blot technique and related to changes in chlorophyll and photosynthetic capacity during senescence. Even though the leaf content of Rubisco was approximately 80-fold greater than that of Ru5P kinase, the decline in the levels of these two Calvin cycle enzymes occurred in parallel during the senescence of the leaves. Moreover, the decrease in the content of Rubisco was accompanied by parallel decreases of both the large and small subunits of this enzyme but not by an accumulation of altered large or small subunit isoforms. With increasing senescence, decreases in abundances of Rubisco, Ru5P kinase and chlorophyll were closely correlated with the decline in photosynthetic capacity; thus, the specific photosynthetic capacity when expressed per abundance of any of these parameters was rather constant despite an 8-fold decrease in photosynthetic capacity. These results suggest that during senescence of soybean leaves the chloroplast is subject to autolysis by mechanisms causing an approximately 80-fold greater rate of loss of Rubisco than Ru5P kinase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035013
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The carotenoid zeaxanthin and ‘high-energy-state quenching’ of chlorophyll fluorescence (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 187-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): excessive light ; photoprotection ; photosynthesis ; photosystem II regulation ; xanthophyll cycle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The possibility that zeaxanthin mediates the dissipation of an excess of excitation energy in the antenna chlorophyll of the photochemical apparatus has been tested through the use of an inhibitor of violaxanthin de-epoxidation, dithiothreitol (DTT), as well as through the comparison of two closely related organisms (green and blue-green algal lichens), one of which (blue-green algal lichen) naturally lacks the xanthophyll cycle. In spinach leaves, DTT inhibited a major component of the rapidly relaxing high-energy-state quenching' of chlorophyll fluorescence, which was associated with a quenching of the level of initial fluorescence (F′0) and exhibited a close correlation with the zeaxanthin content of leaves when fluorescence quenching was expressed as the rate constant for radiationless energy dissipation in the antenna chlorophyll. Green algal lichens, which possess the xanthophyll cycle, exhibited the same type of fluorescence quenching as that observed in leaves. Two groups of blue-green algal lichens were used for a comparison with these green algal lichens. A group of zeaxanthin-free blue-green algal lichens did not exhibit the type of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching indicative of energy dissipation in the pigment bed. In contrast, a group of blue-green algal lichens which had formed zeaxanthin slowly through reactions other than the xanthophyll cycle, did show a very similar response to that of leaves and green algal lichens. Fluorescence quenching indicative of radiationless energy dissipation in the antenna chlorophyll was the predominant component of ‘high-energy-state quenching’ in spinach leaves under conditions allowing for high rates of steady-state photosynthesis. A second, but distinctly different type of ‘high-energy-state quenching’ of chlorophyll fluorescence, which was not inhibited by DTT (i.e., it was zeaxanthin independent) and which is possibly associated with the photosystem II reaction center, occurred in addition to that associated with zeaxanthin in leaves under a range of conditions which were less favorable for linear photosynthetic electron flow. In intact chloroplasts isolated from (zeaxanthin-free) spinach leaves a combination of these two types of rapidly reversible fluorescence quenching occurred under all conditions examined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033160
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and characterization of a 23 kDa protein essential for photosynthetic oxygen evolution (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): electron transport ; inside-out thylakoids ; oxygen evolution ; photosynthesis ; thykoid polypeptides
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A 23 kDa protein has recently been demonstrated to participate in photosynthetic oxygen evolution by reconstitution experiments on inside-out thylakoid vesicles (Åkerlund H-E, Jansson C and Andersson B (1982) Biochim Biophys Acta 681:1–10). Here we describe the isolation of the 23 kDa protein from a spinach chloroplast extract using ion-exchange chromatography. The protein was obtained in a yield of 25% and with less than 1% of contaminating proteins. The ability of the protein to stimulate oxygen evolution in inside-out thylakoids was preserved throughout the various fractionation steps. The isolated protein was highly water soluble and appeared as a monomer. Its isoelectric point was at pH=7.3. The amino acid composition showed a high content of polar amino acids, resulting in a polarity index of 49%. The isolated protein lacked metals and other prosthetic groups. Its function as a catalytic or regulating subunit in the oxygen evolving complex is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041823
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new evaluation of chlorophyll absorption in photosynthetic membranes (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 375-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): absorption spectra ; chlorophyll-proteins ; curve resolution ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The three major chlorophyll-proteins of spinach chloroplasts were solubilized with digitonin and isolated by electrophoresis with deoxycholate. The gel bands were identified from their absorption and fluorescence spectra measured at 77 K. The slowest moving band was a Photosystem I complex (CPI); the second, a Photosystem II complex (Cpa); and the third, a chlorophyll a-b, antenna complex (LHCP). When absorption spectra (630–730 nm) of the bands were added in the proportions found in the gel, the sum closely matched the absorption of the chloroplasts both before and after solubilization. Thus these spectra represent the native absorption of the major antenna chlorophyll-proteins of green plants. Each of these spectra was resolved with a computer assisted, curve-fitting program into 8 mixed Gaussian-Lorentzian shaped components. The major, Chl a components in the 3 fractions were different both in peak positions and bandwidths. This result suggests that each chlorophyll-protein has its own unique set of chlorophyll a spectral forms or components.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041834
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and characterization of a 23 kDa protein essential for photosynthetic oxygen evolution (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): electron transport ; inside-out thylakoids ; oxygen evolution ; photosynthesis ; thykoid polypeptides
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A 23 kDa protein has recently been demonstrated to participate in photosynthetic oxygen evolution by reconstitution experiments on inside-out thylakoid vesicles (Åkerlund H-E, Jansson C and Andersson B (1982) Biochim Biophys Acta 681:1–10). Here we describe the isolation of the 23 kDa protein from a spinach chloroplast extract using ion-exchange chromatography. The protein was obtained in a yield of 25% and with less than 1% of contaminating proteins. The ability of the protein to stimulate oxygen evolution in inside-out thylakoids was preserved throughout the various fractionation steps. The isolated protein was highly water soluble and appeared as a monomer. Its isoelectric point was at pH=7.3. The amino acid composition showed a high content of polar amino acids, resulting in a polarity index of 49%. The isolated protein lacked metals and other prosthetic groups. Its function as a catalytic or regulating subunit in the oxygen evolving complex is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052131
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relationship between state II to state I transitions and cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 245-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): State I-state II transitions ; blue-green alga ; cyanobacterium ; photosynthesis ; energy transfer ; cyclie electron flow ; phase transitions ; Synechococcus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of electron acceptors, inhibitors of electron flow and uncouplers and inhibitors of photophosphorylation on a state II to I transition were studied. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) did not inhibit the state II to I transition. By contrast, 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB), methyl viologen and antimycin A inhibited the transition indicating that the cyclic electron flow around photosystem I, but not the oxidation of electron carriers (such as plastoquinone), induced the state II to I transition. Uncouplers, but not inhibitors of photophosphorylation, inhibited the state transition suggesting that the proton transport through the cyclic electron flow was related to the transition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041820
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new evaluation of chlorophyll absorption in photosynthetic membranes (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 375-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): absorption spectra ; chlorophyll-proteins ; curve resolution ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The three major chlorophyll-proteins of spinach chloroplasts were solubilized with digitonin and isolated by electrophoresis with deoxycholate. The gel bands were identified from their absorption and fluorescence spectra measured at 77 K. The slowest moving band was a Photosystem I complex (CPI); the second, a Photosystem II complex (Cpa); and the third, a chlorophyll a-b, antenna complex (LHCP). When absorption spectra (630–730 nm) of the bands were added in the proportions found in the gel, the sum closely matched the absorption of the chloroplasts both before and after solubilization. Thus these spectra represent the native absorption of the major antenna chlorophyll-proteins of green plants. Each of these spectra was resolved with a computer assisted, curve-fitting program into 8 mixed Gaussian-Lorentzian shaped components. The major, Chl a components in the 3 fractions were different both in peak positions and bandwidths. This result suggests that each chlorophyll-protein has its own unique set of chlorophyll a spectral forms or components.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054145
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of soil phosphorus and Glomus intraradices on growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, and photosynthetic activity of Citrus aurantium (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 128 (1990), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Citrus aurantium L. ; photosynthesis ; VA Mycorrhizae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) grown in low-P (9–12 ppm) and high-P (420 ppm) soil inoculated with or without Glomus intraradices (G.i.), were evaluated for biomass, carbohydrates, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity, leaf 14CO2 incorporation, and other physiological parameters. Growth of plants in the low-P, noninoculated soil was lowest, with total dry biomass reduced up to half of the low-P, inoculum treatment. Total nonstructural carbohydrates were 40% lower in leaves of plants in the low-P, noninoculated soil, compared with the other treatments. Inoculation of the low-P soil enhanced leaf 14CO2 incorporation by 67%, total chlorophyll content by 28%, and RuBPCase activity by 42%, compared with low-P, noninoculated treatment. Improved P-use efficiency by G.i. in low-P soil was comparable to high-P nutrition in improving leaf 14CO2 incorporation and concentration of major leaf photosynthetic products that include starch and sucrose. Leaf PEPCase activity in the low-P, noninoculated treatment, however, was at least threefold higher than the other treatments, suggesting a possible alteration in organic acid metabolism in sour orange leaves as a result of P deficiency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011117
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolism of 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate and regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 23 (1990), S. 119-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): CA1P ; CO2 fixation ; enzyme regulation ; photosynthesis ; rubisco ; RuBP carboxylase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Metabolism of 2′-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P) is an important component in the light-dependent regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity and whole leaf photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in many species, and functions as one mechanism for regulating Rubisco activity when photosynthesis is light-limited. Species differ in their capacity to accumulate CA1P, ranging from those which can synthesize levels of this compound approaching or in excess of the Rubisco catalytic site concentration, to those which apparently lack the capacity for CA1P synthesis. CA1P is structurally related to the six carbon transition state intermediate of the carboxylation reaction and binds tightly to the carbamylated catalytic site of Rubisco, making that site unavailable for catalysis. Under steady-state, the concentration of CA1P in the leaf is highest at low photon flux density (PFD) or in the dark. Degradation of CA1P and recovery of Rubisco activity requires light and is stimulated by increasing PFD. The initial degradation reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme located in the chloroplast stroma, CA1P phosphatase, which yields carboxyarabinitol (CA) and inorganic phosphate as its products. The pathway of CA metabolism in the plant remains to be determined. Synthesis of CA1P occurs in the dark, and in Phaseolus vulgaris this process has been shown to be stimulated by low PFD. The pathway of CA1P synthesis and its relationship to the degradative pathway remains unknown at the present time. The discovery of the existence of this previously unknown carbon pathway in photosynthesis indicates that we still have much to learn concerning the regulation of Rubisco activity and photosynthesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035005
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in the green alga Dunaliella (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 24 (1990), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): chlorophyll fluorescence ; photosynthesis ; Dunaliella
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The relaxation of the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence has been investigated in cells of the green alga Dunaliella following illumination. The relaxation after the addition of DCMU or darkening was strongly biphasic. The uncoupler NH4Cl induced rapid relaxation of both phases, which were therefore both energy-dependent quenching, qE. The proportion of the slow phase of qE increased at increasing light intensity. In the presence of the inhibitors rotenone and antimycin the slow phase of qE was stabilised for in excess of 15 min. NaN3 inhibited the relaxation of almost all the qE. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of the interpretation of the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo and the mechanism of qE.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032596
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glyoxylate inhibition of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activation in intact, lysed, and reconstituted chloroplasts (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 23 (1990), S. 257-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): photosynthesis ; rubisco activase ; rubisco activation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract At bicarbonate concentrations equivalent to air levels of CO2, activation of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) was inhibited by micromolar concentrations of glyoxylate in intact, lysed, and reconstituted chloroplasts and in stromal extracts. The concentration of glyoxylate required for 50% inhibition of light activation in intact chloroplasts was estimated to be 35 micromolar. No direct inhibition by glyoxylate was observed with purified rubisco or rubisco activase at micromolar concentrations. Levels of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and ATP increased in intact chloroplasts following glyoxylate treatment. Results from experiments with well-buffered lysed and reconstituted chloroplast systems ruled out lowering of pH as the cause of inhibition. With intact chloroplasts, micromolar glyoxylate did not prevent activation of rubisco at high (10 mM) concentrations of bicarbonate, indicating that rubisco could be spontaneously activated in the presence of glyoxylate. These results suggest the existence of a component of the in vivo rubisco activation system that is not yet identified and which is inhibited by glyoxylate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034856
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    State 1-State 2 transitions in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 are controlled by the redox state of electron carriers between Photosystems I and II (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 23 (1990), S. 297-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanobacteria (Synechococcus 6301) ; excitation energy distribution ; light harvesting ; photosynthesis ; state transition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The mechanism by which state 1-state 2 transitions in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 are controlled was investigated by examining the effects of a variety of chemical and illumination treatments which modify the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. The extent to which these treatments modify excitation energy distribution was determined by 77K fluorescence emission spectroscopy. It was found that treatment which lead to the oxidation of the plastoquinone pool induce a shift towards state 1 whereas treatments which lead to the reduction of the plastoquinone pool induce a shift towards state 2. We therefore propose that state transitions in cyanobacteria are triggered by changes in the redox state of plastoquinone or a closely associated electron carrier. Alternative proposals have included control by the extent of cyclic electron transport around PS I and control by localised electrochemical gradients around PS I and PS II. Neither of these proposals is consistent with the results reported here.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034860
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of phosphinothricin (glufosinate) on photosynthesis and photorespiration of C3 and C4 plants (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 24 (1990), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): ammonium accumulation ; glufosinate ; phosphinothricin ; photosynthesis ; Sinapis alba ; Zea Mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Phosphinothricin (glufosinate), an irreversible inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, causes an inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 (Sinapis alba) and C4 (Zea mays) plants under atmospheric conditions (400 ppm CO2, 21% O2). This photosynthesis inhibition is proceeding slower in C4 leaves. Under non-photorespiratory conditions (1000 ppm CO2, 2% O2) there is no inhibition of photosynthesis. The inhibition of glutamine synthetase by phosphinothricin results in an accumulation of NH4 +. The NH4 +-accumulation is lower in C4 plants than in C3 plants. The inhibition of glutamine synthetase through phosphinothricin in mustard leaves results in a decrease in glutamine, glutamate, aspartate, asparagine, serine, and glycine. In contrast to this, a considerable increase in leucine and valine following phosphinothricin treatment is measured. With the addition of either glutamine, glutamate, aspartate, glycine or serine, photosynthesis inhibition by phosphinothricin can be reduced, although the NH4 +-accumulation is greatly increased. This indicates that NH4 +-accumulation cannot be the primary cause for photosynthesis inhibition by phosphinothricin. The investigations demonstrate the inhibition of transmination of glyoxylate to glycine in photorespiration through the total lack of amino donors. This could result in a glyoxylate accumulation inhibiting ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase and consequently CO2-fixation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032644
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acclimation of barley to changes in light intensity: photosynthetic electron transport activity and components (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 24 (1990), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): atrazine-binding ; chloroplast ; cytochrome f ; light environment ; photosynthesis ; P-700
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L. Boone) were grown at 20°C with 16 h/8 h light/dark cycle of either high (H) intensity (500 μmole m-2 s-1) or low (L) intensity (55 μmole m-2 s-1) white light. Plants were transferred from high to low (H → L) and low to high (L → H) light intensity at various times from 4 to 8 d after leaf emergence from the soil. Primary leaves were harvested at the beginning of the photoperiod. Thylakoid membranes were isolated from 3 cm apical segments and assayed for photosynthetic electron transport, Photosystem II (PS II) atrazine-binding sites (QB), cytochrome f(Cytf) and the P-700 reaction center of Photosystem I (PS I). Whole chain, PS I and PS II electron transport activities were higher in H than in L controls. QB and Cytf were elevated in H plants compared with L plants. The acclimation of H → L plants to low light occurred slowly over a period of 7 days and resulted in decreased whole chain and PS II electron transport with variable effects on PS I activity. The decrease in electron transport of H → L plants was associated with a decrease in both QB and Cytf. In L → H plants, acclimation to high light occurred slowly over a period of 7 days with increased whole chain, PS I and PS II activities. The increase in L → H electron transport was associated with increased levels of QB and Cytf. In contrast to the light intensity effects on QB levels, the P-700 content was similar in both control and transferred plants. Therefore, PS II/PS I ratios were dependent on light environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032593
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Serotonin axons of the ependyma and circumventricular organs in the forebrain of the guinea pig (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 297-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin ; Supraependymal axons ; Circumventricular organs ; Forebrain ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of supraependymal nerve fibers (SEF) containing serotonin (5-HT) was investigated immunohistochemically in the forebrain of the guinea pig. The highest densities of immunoreactive axons were found in the pars centralis and the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle and also in the superior part of the third ventricle. Because of the special development of the choroid plexus in these ventricular regions, it is suggested that 5-HT SEF might be involved in the regulation of the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid. The ependyma lining the circumventricular organs located in the forebrain, was not observed to receive a significant 5-HT-SEF innervation. In the pituitary gland, a loose but constant network of 5-HT axons, resembling those which course in the anterobasal hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus and internal layer of the median eminence, was observed in the neural lobe. In the epiphysis, immunoreactive 5-HT was detected in all pinealocytes (the entire cell was filled with reaction product) and in fibers running between them.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204880
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Substance P-containing nerve fibres in large peripheral blood vessels of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 411-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Substance P ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vascular smooth muscle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres were localized by the indirect immunohistochemical method in the adventitia and the adventitial-medial border of large peripheral arteries and veins of the rat. Arteries showed a richer substance P-containing innervation than veins. The superior mesenteric artery was densely innervated, whereas no substance P-containing fibres were found around the carotid artery. Substance P produced a vasoconstriction of the veins, but was basically without effect on arteries, although with the carotid artery a dose-dependent relaxation was observed. The absence of a correlation between the degree of innervation of the blood vessels and their responsiveness to exogenous substance P suggests that these nerves do not subserve a vasomotor function. The depletion of substance P immunoreactivity from nerves in arteries and veins by capsaicin suggests that substance P-containing vascular nerves are primarily sensory in nature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214982
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differences in the distributional pattern of CRF-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the median eminence of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): CRF ; Oxytocin ; Vasopressin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Conspicuous differences in the distributional pattern of nerve fibers containing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or posterior lobe hormones, respectively, were shown in the median eminence of the adult male rat by means of immunoperoxidase histochemistry, with the use of anti-CRF, anti-oxytocin, and anti-vasopressin sera. In the rostral and central divisions of the median eminence, a high concentration of CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers was found in the median portion of the external layer; these fibers terminated on the capillary loops of the hypophysial portal system. In the caudal division of the median eminence, the CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers were located in the median to paramedian portions of the external layer. Numerous oxytocin- and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed evenly distributed throughout the internal layer of the median eminence. In the external layer, a small number of the oxytocin- and vasopressin-containing nerve fibers was found around the capillary loops, particularly in the median to paramedian portions. The distributional patterns of the CRF and the posterior lobe hormones in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system and their functional interrelationship are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213803
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Association of substance-P-immunoreactive nerves with the murine olfactory mucosa (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 517-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Substance P ; Olfactory mucosa ; Nerve ; Capsaicin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Location and distribution of nerve fibers immunoreactive to substance P were studied in the mouse olfactory mucosa. A moderately dense plexus of fibers is present at the interface of the olfactory epithelium and the connective tissue of the lamina propria. In addition, many immunoreactive nerve fibers are noted in close association with Bowman's glands and blood vessels in the lamina propria. However, such fibers were not observed in olfactory epithelium proper nor in the fila olfactoria. Substance-P-immunoreactivity is almost totally abolished by treatment of animals with capsaicin, an agent known to deplete substance P from primary sensory neurons. It is suggested that the substance-P-immunoreactive fibers are of sensory origin, with their perikarya most likely located in the trigeminal ganglia. Functionally, they might influence local blood flow and/or the secretion of Bowman's glands.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216198
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of serotonin- and vasopressin immunoreactivities in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of four mammalian species (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 237-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin ; Vasopressin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Mammals (rat, hamster, cat, Macaca fuscata)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of serotonin- and vasopressin immunoreactivities in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of four mammalian species was studied with the use of the modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method and antisera to serotonin and vasopressin. In the SCN of the rat, hamster and cat, we noted a large number of serotoninimmunoreactive nerve fibers particularly in the ventral area, where these fibers containing small varicosities (less than 1μm in diameter) formed a dense plexus. In the monkey (Macaca fuscata), however, only few serotonin-containing fibers were evident throughout the SCN. Vasopressin-immunoreactive somata and fibers were distributed in large numbers in the SCN of the rat, hamster, cat and monkey, especially in the dorsal nuclear area. Regional and species-related differences of serotonin- and vasopressin distribution in the SCN were elucidated; possible functional differences between the ventral and dorsal areas of the SCN are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213766
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical study on the localization of serotonin fibers and terminals in the spinal cord of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin fibers ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monkey (Macaca fuscata)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A modified procedure of PAP-immunohistochemistry with the use of a rabbit antiserum against serotonin was applied to investigate the pattern of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the spinal cord of the monkey, Macaca fuscata. The majority of descending serotonin fibers in the white matter is located immediately below the pia mater in the ventrolateral funiculi. Lamina I and the outer zone of lamina II are supplied with numerous serotonin fibers. In the intermediate gray, two prominent bundles composed of longitudinal fibers, i.e., lateral and medial longitudinal serotonin bundles, were recognized at the lateral column and in the vicinity of the central canal, respectively. The motoneurons of the anterior horn are encompassed by fine networks of serotonin fibers and terminals. The results obtained from studies with the monkey spinal cord closely resemble those characteristic of the dog spinal cord as presented in a previous paper, except for portions of the lumbar level. In segments L3–L4, intercalated cell groups between the medial and lateral motor nuclei receive particularly rich inputs of serotonin fibers in the same manner as the neurons of the nucleus intermediolateralis. This peculiar finding may suggest the presence of a specialized nucleus in the anterior column of the simian and also human spinal cord.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217878
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of the pars distalis in the adult tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 155-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary ; Tammar wallaby ; Marsupialia ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cell types
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An immunohistochemical, light- and electron-microscopial study was made of the pars distalis in adult tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). The pars distalis of this marsupial mammal was divided into three regions, based on the distribution of cell types within the gland. Somatotropic, mammotropic, luteotropic, folliculotropic, corticotropic and thyrotropic cells were identified on the basis of their immunohistochemistry, cytology and ultrastructure. Non-granulated (folliculo-stellate) cells, identified in electron micrographs, were found throughout the pars distalis. Somatotropic cells were predominant in the posterior pars distalis in all animals examined. In the single male specimen and in the non-lactating females examined, small numbers of apparently inactive mammotropic cells were scattered throughout the pars distalis; the same cell type was apparently active and present in considerable numbers in lactating females. Only one morphological type of gonadotropic cell was evident; these cells were scattered throughout the pars distalis, but in largest numbers in the median region. Small numbers of thyrotropic cells were found, most commonly in the anterior pars distalis. Corticotrops were also observed in moderate numbers, predominantly in the anterior regions of the pars distalis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217888
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical identification of neurons containing corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): CRF neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; PAP ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A specific rabbit anti-CRF serum and the immunoperoxidase technique were used to show that CRF-containing neurons are mainly distributed in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. In addition, immunoreactive neurons are scattered in other hypothalamic regions. These neurons are 20–30 μm in diameter. From the present and previous investigations it may be concluded that the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei, i.e., paraventricular and supraoptic, and other hypothalamic accessory nuclei, are the producing sites not only for vasopressin and oxytocin, but also for corticotropin-releasing factor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213802
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differing postnatal development of the somatostatin- and luliberin- systems in the male and female rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 357-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Somatostatin ; Luliberin (LRF) ; Postnatal development (rat) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary By means of light-microscopic immunohistochemistry the perikarya of the luliberin-(LRF-) and somatostatin systems of neonate rats were found to be in differing stages of development. At a time point when the LRF-producing neurons had obviously attained their final shape and size, the somatostatin-immunoreactive perikarya were still in a postnatal phase of maturation. Whereas the number of the latter perikarya increases with advancing age, the number of LRF-immunoreactive perikarya decreases significantly from postnatal day 7 onward. Both peptide-hormone systems do not project concomitantly and to the same extent to their principal neurohemal regions in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) and the median eminence (ME). In all presently studied stages of development, despite considerable individual variations in one age group, among the components of the LRFsystem the OVLT displays a more intense immunoreactivity than the ME. The somatostatin system, however, projects to the OVLT with a conspicuous temporal delay compared to the ME, and, furthermore, in the OVLT the pattern of immunoreactivity characteristic of adult rats is not yet attained at postnatal day 21. Evidence for differences in the immunoreactivity between male and female animals was restricted to the LRF-system. Finally, the results obtained on the stria terminalis speak in favour of the fact that the long-range extrahypothalamic projections of the somatostatin system also undergo postnatal maturation. In the stria terminalis, somatostatin-immunoreactive fibers can be demonstrated initially on postnatal day 7. They attain their full immunoreactivity on postnatal day 21. Furthermore, in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis an intermittent cytoplasmic immunoreactivity is observed, which is limited to the animals of postnatal day 7 and disappears completely during the further course of development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213793
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of the pars distalis in pouch-young tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 587-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary ; Tammar wallaby ; Marsupial ; Neonate ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pars distalis of pouch-young wallabies (Macropus eugenii) aged 1 to 50 days was studied by means of light-microscopic immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. In the pars distalis of these pouch-young presumptive somatotrops, which constituted up to 70% of the gland, and nongranulated cells were the most numerous cell types. Small numbers (together representing less than 30% of the pars distalis) of immunoreactive mammotrops, thyrotrops, gonadotrops and corticotrops were also found. The presumptive mammotrops, gonadotrops and thyrotrops increased in number and apparent activity between 1 and 50 days postpartum. Presumptive corticotrop cells in 25 to 30 day-old animals were relatively most numerous, and apparently more active than at any other stage of pouch life; these cells decreased in apparent activity and relative number in older animals. The changes in number and activity of cell types in the pars distalis correlated well with major developmental events such as the onset of adrenal activity, the rapid growth phase in the first 100 days postpartum, and the generally low thyroid activity in pouch-young of less than 50 days of age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216203
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical investigations of neuropeptides in the brain, corpora cardiaca, and corpora allata of an adult lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta (L) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 295-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Insect brain ; Corpus cardiacum/corpus allatum ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tobacco hornworm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the brain of adult specimens of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (L), cells immunoreactive for several kinds of neuropeptides were localized by means of the PAP procedure, by use of antisera raised against mammalian hormones or hormonal peptides. In contrast, no such neurosecretory cells were found in the corpora cardiaca and corpora allata (CC/CA); in the CC/CA, however, immunoreactive nerve fibres were observed, reaching these organs from the brain. The neurosecretory cells found in the brain were immunoreactive with at least one of the following mammalian antisera, namely those raised against the insulin B-chain, somatostatin, glucagon C-terminal, glucagon N-terminal, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), gastrin C-terminus, enkephalin, α-and β-endorphin, Substance P, and calcitonin. No cells were immunoreactive with antisera specific for detecting neurons containing the insulin A-chain, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin connecting peptide (C-peptide), polypeptide YY (PYY), gastrin mid-portion (sequence 6–13), cholecystokinin (CCK) mid-portion (sequences 9–20 and 9–25), neurotensin C-terminus, bombesin, motilin, ACTH, or serotonin. All the neuropeptide-immunoreactive cells observed emitted nerve fibers passing through the brain to the CC and in some cases also to the CA. In CC these immunoreactive nerve fibers tended to accumulate near the aorta. It was speculated that neuropeptides are released into the circulating haemolymph and act as neurohormones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213788
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological studies on neuroglia (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 85-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Amoeboid microglial cells ; Brain macrophages ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophage antiserum ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunohistochemical studies with the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method revealed that “amoeboid microglial cells”, in the brains of neonatal rats and “brain macrophages” in lesioned brains of adult rats react positively to an antiserum raised against macrophages. In brains of neonatal rats, “amoeboid microglial cells” stained by means of the PAP-method were observed in the corpus callosum, internal capsule, dorso-lateral region of the thalamus, subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, and the subependymal layer of the ventricular system. These cellular elements were not detected in brains of rats aged 21 days or older. Resting microglial cells displaying a typical ramified structure were not specifically stained. Cells reacting positively to the macrophage antiserum appeared (i) in the cerebral cortex of adult rats following placement of a stab wound, or (ii) in the hippocampal formation after kainic acid-induced lesions; in the damaged areas immunoreactive cells exhibited the typical features of “brain macrophages”. “Brain macrophages” and “amoeboid microglial cells” are considered to belong to the class of exudate macrophages derived from blood monocytes. Thus, elements of hematogenous origin do exist in the intact brain parenchyma of neonatal rats and in lesioned brains of adult rats. The relationship between brain macrophages and resting microglial cells is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217882
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the inferior olivary complex of the rat, cat and monkey (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 17-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibers ; Inferior olivary complex ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat, cat, monkey
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary By the use of a modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method, the distribution of serotonin-containing nerve fibers was studied in the inferior olivary complex of the rat, cat and monkey. The entire inferior olivary complex of all three species contained serotonin fibers, and species-related differences in the distribution of serotonin fibers were observed. In the rat, the overall density of serotonin fibers was sparser than that in the other two species; the highest concentration of varicose serotonergic fibers was noted in the lateral portion of the dorsal accessory olive. In the cat, the densest distribution of serotonin fibers occurred in the caudal portion of the medial accessory olive, the dorsomedial cell column and the lateral portion of the dorsal accessory olive, where intervaricose segments of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers were not so distinct. In the monkey, the caudal medial accessory olive, the lateral portion of the dorsal accessory olive and the dorsal as well as the lateral lamella of the principal olive showed a maximum density of serotonin fibers. Apart from the influence of afferent serotonergic projections to the cerebellum, serotonergic neurons of the brainstem are considered to affect Purkinje cells via neurons of the inferior olivary complex projecting to the cerebellum particularly in the cat and monkey.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215770
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simulation of yield reduction by leaf rust in winter wheat, applied to the analysis of genetic variation in partial resistance (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 96 (1990), S. 17-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): Puccinia rcondita ; Triticum aestivum ; model ; photosynthesis ; competition for light
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Samenvatting Verschillen tussen zeven wintertarwegenotypen in opbrengstderving door bruine roest, zoals waargenomen in een veldexperiment, werden geanalyseerd met een simulatiemodel. In dit model werd het effect van de ziekte op gewasgroei en opbrengst beschreven op basis van lichtinterceptie, fotosynthese, ademhaling en assimilatenverdeling. Het model gaf een goede beschrijving van de waargenomen opbrengstverschillen tussen de genotypen, zowel bij aanwezigheid als bij afwezigheid van bruine roest. Van de totale opbrengstreductie werd, volgens modelberekeningen, 66% veroorzaakt door versnelde afname van groen bladoppervlak en 18% door het wegvangen van licht door dood bladweefsel boven in het gewas. De genetische variatie in opbrengstreductie werd zodoende vooral verklaard uit de waargenomen verschillen in bladveroudering tussen de genotypen. De fotosynthese per eenheid resterend groen bladoppervlak werd niet beïnvloed door bruine roest. Respectieven voor selectie op afzonderlijke schadecomponenten werden geëvalueerd op basis van hun gesimuleerde effect op korrelopbrengst, in combinatie met hun genetische en toevalsvariatie.
    Notizen: Abstract Differences in yield reduction among seven winter wheat genotypes due to leaf rust, as observed in a field experiment, were analysed using a simulation model. In this model, the effects of the disease on crop growth and yield were described on the basis of light interception, photosynthesis, respiration and assimilate partitioning. The model properly described the observed yield difference between the genotypes, both in the absence and in the presence of leaf rust. According to the model, 66% of total yield reduction was due to an accelerated decrease in green leaf area and 18% was due to light capture by dead leaf tissue at the top of the canopy. Genetic variation in yield reduction was, therefore, mainly explained by variation in leaf senescence. Leaf rust did not affect the photosynthetic rate of the remaining green leaf area. Opportunities of selection for individual damage components were assessed from their simulated effect on grain yield, together with their estimated genetic and environmental variance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976603
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
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