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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of in vitro starch branching enzyme activity for a 51/50-kDa polypeptide isolated from developing barley (Hordeum vulgare) caryopses (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 96 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Starch branching enzyme (SBE, EC 2.4.1.18) activity was followed in developing barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golf) caryopses during a period of one month after anthesis. Caryopses with the highest specific activity, and corresponding to a fresh weight of around 60 mg per caryopsis, were homogenized and the soluble extract used for branching enzyme purification by FPLC chromatography. Four branching enzyme activity fractions were resolved. From one of these fractions, which exhibited high activity in both the phosphorylation stimulation and amylose branching assays, a branching enzyme preparation containing two related polypeptides of 51 and 50 kDa was obtained. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration showed that the 51/50-kDa polypeptide is monomeric. A combination of phosphorylation stimulation and amylose branching gel assays, SDS-PAGE, and TLC was used to demonstrate the branching activity of the 51/50-kDa polypeptide. The activity was further confirmed by spectroscopic analyses of iodine-glucan complexes. SBEs from four different plant species were compared using the phosphorylation stimulation gel assay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00461.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green fluorescent protein as a reporter system in the transformation of barley cultivars (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 107 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A cereal transformation vector, pN1473, containing the strong constitutive rice actin promoter Act-1, a multiple cloning site, and the nos terminator, was constructed. Fusion of a plant-optimized gfp gene to Act-1 in pN1473 resulted in the vector pN1473GFP. To assess the suitability of pN1473, and GFP as a reporter system in barley transformation, two barley cultivars (Baronesse and Golden Promise) were transformed by microprojectile bombardment. Transient gfp expression in transformed embryogenic callus material was detectable by fluorescence microscopy less than 12 h after transformation. The presence of the gfp gene in callus and regenerated plantlets was confirmed by PCR amplification and DNA gel-blot analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.100207.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An addressable 256×256 photodiode image sensor array with an 8-bit digital output (1993)
    Springer
    Analog integrated circuits and signal processing 4 (1993), S. 37-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1979
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have constructed an addressable 256 × 256 photodiode sensor array together with an 8-bit ADC (analog-to-digital converter) on the same chip. Such a digital camera is easy to connect to a computer where also the flexibility of the computer can be used to control the camera output. The sensor has been constructed in two versions. The first version was implemented with a 256-column parallel-bit-slice image processor on the same die in a commercial project and the second as a separate addressable digital image sensor. The sensor was functionally fabricated using 1.6 µm design rules in a 1.2 µm CMOS process where it required a total area of 96 mm2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240678
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of a 23 kDa protein essential for photosynthetic oxygen evolution (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: electron transport ; inside-out thylakoids ; oxygen evolution ; photosynthesis ; thykoid polypeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A 23 kDa protein has recently been demonstrated to participate in photosynthetic oxygen evolution by reconstitution experiments on inside-out thylakoid vesicles (Åkerlund H-E, Jansson C and Andersson B (1982) Biochim Biophys Acta 681:1–10). Here we describe the isolation of the 23 kDa protein from a spinach chloroplast extract using ion-exchange chromatography. The protein was obtained in a yield of 25% and with less than 1% of contaminating proteins. The ability of the protein to stimulate oxygen evolution in inside-out thylakoids was preserved throughout the various fractionation steps. The isolated protein was highly water soluble and appeared as a monomer. Its isoelectric point was at pH=7.3. The amino acid composition showed a high content of polar amino acids, resulting in a polarity index of 49%. The isolated protein lacked metals and other prosthetic groups. Its function as a catalytic or regulating subunit in the oxygen evolving complex is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of a 23 kDa protein essential for photosynthetic oxygen evolution (1983)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 4 (1983), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: electron transport ; inside-out thylakoids ; oxygen evolution ; photosynthesis ; thykoid polypeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A 23 kDa protein has recently been demonstrated to participate in photosynthetic oxygen evolution by reconstitution experiments on inside-out thylakoid vesicles (Åkerlund H-E, Jansson C and Andersson B (1982) Biochim Biophys Acta 681:1–10). Here we describe the isolation of the 23 kDa protein from a spinach chloroplast extract using ion-exchange chromatography. The protein was obtained in a yield of 25% and with less than 1% of contaminating proteins. The ability of the protein to stimulate oxygen evolution in inside-out thylakoids was preserved throughout the various fractionation steps. The isolated protein was highly water soluble and appeared as a monomer. Its isoelectric point was at pH=7.3. The amino acid composition showed a high content of polar amino acids, resulting in a polarity index of 49%. The isolated protein lacked metals and other prosthetic groups. Its function as a catalytic or regulating subunit in the oxygen evolving complex is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041823
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constructed deletions in lumen-exposed regions of the D1 protein in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803: Effects on D1 insertion and accumulation in the thylakoid membrane, and on Photosystem II assembly (1996)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 49 (1996), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: Photosystem II ; psbA ; site-directed mutagenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Modified forms of the D1 protein with deletions in lumen-exposed regions, were constructed in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 using site-directed mutagenesis. Integration and stability of the mutated D1 proteins in the thylakoid membrane were studied by immunoblot and pulse-chase analyses. It was found that in Δ(N325-E333), the D1 protein with a deletion in the C-terminal tail, could insert in the thylakoids to normal amounts but its stability in the membrane was dramatically reduced. Insertion of D1 in Δ(V58-D61) or Δ(D103-G109);G110R, with deletions in the A-B loop, was severely obstructed, For Δ(P350-T354), with a deletion in the processed region of the C-terminus of D1, no phenotypic effects were observed. The effects of failed D1 insertion or accumulation on Photosystem II assembly was monitored by immunoblot analysis. The conclusions from these experiments are that the extrinsic 33 kDa protein, CP43, and the β subunit of cytochrome b559 accumulate in the thylakoid membrane independently of the D1 protein, and that accumulation of the D2 protein and CP47 requires insertion but not necessarily accumulation of the D1 protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117663
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Site-specific mutations in the D1 polypeptide affect the susceptibility of Synechocystis 6803 cells to photoinhibition (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 22 (1993), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chlorophyll a fluorescence ; D1 polypeptide ; photoinhibition ; psbA genes ; site-specific mutagenesis ; Synechocystis 6803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Photoinhibition of photosystem II in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 was followed after site-specific mutagenesis of the D1 polypeptide. Mutations were created in the stromal/cytosolic loop connecting helices D and E. Two mutations E243K and CA1, a deletion of the three glutamates 242–244 and a substitution Q241H, were made in the putative cleavage area of the D1 polypeptide. A third mutation E229D was made in the PEST-like sequence. Mutants and control cells were illuminated and FV/FM was recorded. Compared to the control, the mutants were less photoinhibited. Fluorescence relaxation after a single flash was delayed in CA1. Restoration of FV/FM after photoinhibition in the mutants was totally dependent on protein synthesis while control cells were able to recover partially also when protein synthesis was inhibited. In addition, the protein synthesis-dependent recovery of CA1 was slowed down. Our results indicate a correlation between the mutated amino acids and photoinhibition of photosystem II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038991
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyses of isoamylase gene activity in wild-type barley indicate its involvement in starch synthesis (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 40 (1999), S. 431-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; genetic expression and regulation ; isoamylase ; starch biosynthesis ; starch debranching enzyme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The notion of debranching enzyme activity as a participant in starch synthesis is gaining acceptance. Inconsistent reports from mutant analyses implicate either isoamylase or pullulanase as a determinant in amylopectin formation and whether wild-type plants utilize one or the other, or both, of these debranching enzymes in starch synthesis is unclear. Recent results on the su1 mutant in maize suggest that both forms of debranching enzymes might be involved in amylopectin formation. We wished to find out if isoamylase takes part in starch synthesis by comparing isoamylase gene activity under three conditions: (1) during starch accumulation in developing sink tissues; (2) during starch degradation in germinating seeds; (3) in ectopic expression after applying sucrose, a starch precursor. We isolated the gene for barley isoamylase, iso1, and analysed its expression and regulation in germinating seeds, developing endosperm and vegetative tissues, and compared the isoamylase gene expression in sink tissues from three different species. Our results indicate that isoamylase gene activity is involved in starch synthesis in wild-type plants and is modulated by sucrose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006217506090
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of light on accumulation of photosynthesis-specific transcripts in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 693-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: D1 polypeptide ; Photosystem II ; psbA ; Synechocystis 6803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transcript accumulation for the psbA, psbD, psbD-C, rbcL-S and rrn genes in Synechocystis 6803 was followed under different light conditions. psbA, psbD, psbD-C and rbcL-S transcripts required light to accumulate and the relative abundance of these transcripts differed between high and low light conditions. Under high light conditions, steady-state levels of psbA, psbD and psbD-C transcripts were higher while levels of rbcL-S transcripts were lower than under low light conditions. rrn transcripts accumulated in the dark and the transcript levels were the same under illuminated conditions. Analyses of constructed Synechocystis 6803 mutants showed that both psbA-2 and psbA-3 could produce high levels of transcripts under illuminated conditions. No psbA-1 transcripts were detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016024
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic electron transport controls degradation but not production of psbA transcripts in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 891-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: D1 polypeptide ; gene regulation ; psbA ; RNA stability ; Synechocystis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Accumulation and stability of psbA and rbcL-S transcripts in Synechocystis 6803 was followed in the presence and absence of the photosynthesis inhibitors DCMU and methylviologen. Our results demonstrate that both transcript production and transcript stability are important regulatory elements for psbA gene expression in Synechocystis 6803. The production of psbA transcripts was stimulated by light in a process that operated independently of the photosynthetic electron transport. However, stability of the psbA transcript increased in the dark and was controlled by photosynthetic electron transport. The psbA transcript was remarkably stable in the dark, with a half-life of approximately 7 hours. By constrast, the regulatory pattern for the rbcL-S genes was quite different. The light-stimulated production of rbcL-S transcripts was dependent on an intact photosynthetic electron transport, and rbcL-S transcript stability was higher under illuminated conditions than in darkness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015080
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