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  • Time Factors  (38)
  • Disease Models, Animal  (18)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (56)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1980-1984  (56)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1980  (56)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (56)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
  • 1980-1984  (56)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: Neurons in deep laminae of the rabbit cingulate cortex develop discriminative activity at an early stage of behavioral discrimination learning, whereas neurons in the anteroventral nucleus of thalamus and neurons in the superficial cortical laminae develop such activity in a late stage of behavioral learning. It is hypothesized that early-forming discriminative neuronal activity, relayed to anteroventral neurons via the corticothalamic pathway, contributes to the construction of changes underlying the late-forming neuronal discrimination in the anteroventral nucleus. The resultant late discriminative activity in the anteroventral nucleus is then relayed via the thalamocortical pathway back to the superficial cortical laminae, promoting disengagement of cortex from further task-processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabriel, M -- Foster, K -- Orona, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1050-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rabbits ; Thalamus/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Cytochemical staining of demyelinated peripheral axons revealed two types of axon membrane organization, one of which suggests that the demyelinated axolemma acquires a high density of sodium channels. Ferric ion-ferrocyanide stain was confined to a restricted region of axon membrane at the beginning of a demyelinated segment or was distributed throughout the demyelinated segment of axon. The latter pattern represents one possible morphological correlate of continuous conduction through a demyelinated segment and suggests a reorganization of the axolemma after demyelination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foster, R E -- Whalen, C C -- Waxman, S G -- NS-15320/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):661-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6159685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Demyelinating Diseases/metabolism/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Male ; Neural Conduction ; Neurilemma/*metabolism/pathology ; Rats ; Staining and Labeling
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1980-04-25
    Description: In BALB/c female mice with melanoma transplants, the incidence of "takes" is decreased and survival is increased by hydroquinone, a melanocytolytic agent. The mechanism of drug action is suggested by via DNA. The significant and high degree of positive response to hydroquinone treatment in vivo is encouraging for the clinical management of melanoma with melanocytolytic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chavin, W -- Jelonek, E J Jr -- Reed, A H -- Binder, L R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 25;208(4442):408-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hydroquinones/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Melanoma/*drug therapy ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Amnesic patients acquired a mirror-reading skill at a rate equivalent to that of matched control subjects and retained it for at least 3 months. The results indicate that the class of preserved learning skills in amnesia is broader than previously reported. Amnesia seems to spare information that is based on rules or procedures, as contrasted with information that is data-based or declarative--"knowing how rather than "knowing that." The results support the hypothesis that such a distinction is honored by the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, N J -- Squire, L R -- 1P50 MH 30914/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH24600/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):207-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder/physiopathology ; Amnesia/*physiopathology ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; *Form Perception ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Reading ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-04-04
    Description: A spontaneous B cell leukemia (BCL1) grew progressively in normal BALB/c mice after injection of tumor cells but did not grow in splenectomized recipients. Despite the absence of progressive tumor growth, residual tumor cells with malignant potential were found in the peripheral blood of the splenectomized animals. Splenectomy performed after injection of tumor cells but before the development of marked leukocytosis also prevented progressive tumor growth and death of the host. Thus the spleen appears to be necessary for progressive proliferation of this lymphocytic leukemia early after passage in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kotzin, B L -- Strober, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 4;208(4439):59-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6965803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Leukemia, Experimental/etiology/physiopathology ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/*etiology/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen/*physiology ; Splenectomy
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: The clinical laboratory is examined as a microcosm of the entire health care delivery system. The introduction of computers into the clinical laboratory raises issues that are difficult to resolve by the methods of information science or medical science applied in isolation. The melding of these two disciplines, together with the contributions of other disciplines, has created a new field of study called medical information science. The emergence of this new discipline and some specific problem-solving approaches used in its application in the clinical laboratory are examined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lincoln, T L -- Korpman, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):257-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/*instrumentation ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Delivery of Health Care/economics ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Time Factors
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: Contrast thresholds for sine-wave gratings of spatial frequencies of 2, 4, 12, and 16 cycles per degree were determined for normal and disabled readers at a range of stimulus durations. Normal readers demonstrated monotonically decreasing sensitivity with increasing spatial frequency at exposure durations between 40 and 100 milliseconds. At exposure durations of 150 to 1000 milliseconds, they showed peak sensitivity at 4 cycles per degree. In comparison, disabled readers showed monotonically decreasing sensitivity with increasing spatial frequency at all stimulus durations. The difference in sensitivity pattern across spatial frequencies was greatest at stimulus durations approximately equal to fixation durations during reading.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovegrove, W J -- Bowling, A -- Badcock, D -- Blackwood, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):439-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afterimage/physiology ; Dyslexia/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Space Perception/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lipsky, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6106286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antipsychotic Agents/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Norepinephrine/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Research Design ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy ; Time Factors
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-14
    Description: Mebendazole was highly effective against the helminth parasite Trichinella spiralis in mice subjected to a 3-day course of treatment during the invasive and encystment phases of experimental trichinellosis. When treatment began either 2 or 4 weeks after the mice were inoculated with parasites, the number of larvae developing in the host musculature was greatly reduced by twice-daily oral administration of 3.125, 6.25, or 12.5 milligrams of mebendazole per kilogram of body weight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCracken, R O -- Taylor, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 14;207(4436):1220-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/*therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Larva ; Male ; Mebendazole/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Mice ; Muscles/parasitology ; Trichinella/drug effects ; Trichinellosis/*drug therapy
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: Eating very little in the presence of food or failure to serach for food has been documented in various species during the hibernation season, incubation, molting, and defense of the territory or harem. At these times feeding competes with other, more important activities. One way to avoid conflicts between feeding and these other activities to lower the programmed weight or set-point for body fat. Experiments on mammalian hibernators and incubating birds provide evidence that set-points are indeed lowered. Failure to eat in these two examples depends on anorexia, loss of appetite. A review of other examples suggests that conceptualization in terms of lowered set-points provides a unified and testable way of understanding many naturally occurring instances of fasting in the animal kingdom. Finally, spontaneous animal anorexias are contrasted with attempts by people to lose weight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mrosovsky, N -- Sherry, D F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):837-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6928327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anorexia/*veterinary ; Anorexia Nervosa/physiopathology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Birds/physiology ; Body Weight ; Disease Models, Animal ; Energy Metabolism ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Feeding and Eating Disorders/*veterinary ; Hibernation ; Humans ; Maternal Behavior/physiology ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Rodentia/physiology ; Territoriality
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The effects of a vitamin D deficiency on insulin and glucagon release was determined in the isolated perfused rat pancreas by radioimmunoassay of the secreted proteins. During a 30-minute period of perfusion with glucose and arginine, pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats exhibited a 48 percent reduction in insulin secretion compared to that for pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats that had been replenished with vitamin D. Vitamin D status had no effect on pancreatic glucagon secretion. This result, along with the previously demonstrated presence in the pancreas of a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein and cytosol receptor for the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, indicates an important role for vitamin D in the endocrine functioning of the pancreas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, A W -- Frankel, J B -- Heldt, A M -- Grodsky, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):823-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Cholecalciferol/*deficiency ; Glucagon/secretion ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*secretion ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Vitamin D Deficiency/*metabolism
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Noradrenergic neurons in the hypothalamus involved in feeding and satiety are activated by gastrointestinal receptors. In the unrestrained rat, sites were first identified at which norepinephrine injected in the medial hypothalamus caused spontaneous feeding, or in the lateral hypothalamus caused no response. The activity of in vivo norepinephrine at these two sites was characterized by localized push-pull perfusion. When a nutrient was infused directly into the rat's duodenum, the synaptic release of hypothalamic norepinephrine was enhanced at lateral sites insensitive to norepinephrine, but suppressed at medial sites reactive to norepinephrine. Thus, signals from duodenal receptors are conceivably sent to the rat's brain to end feeding by way of noradrenergic inhibitory neurons in the hypothalamus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R D -- McCaleb, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1035-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Duodenum/innervation/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Glucose ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Rats ; Satiation/*physiology ; Satiety Response/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 1980-05-16
    Description: When either taste or odor alone was followed by poison, rats acquired a strong aversion for the taste but not for odor, especially if poison was delayed. When odor-taste combinations were poisoned, however, odor aversions were potentiated, as if odor could gain the enduring memorial property of taste by associative contiguity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmerino, C C -- Rusiniak, K W -- Garcia, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 16;208(4445):753-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Lithium/poisoning ; Male ; Rats ; Smell/*physiology ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: In the normal cat, most cells in area 17 can be binocularly driven. Sectioning the corpus callosum results in a significant reduction in binocularly driven cells. Normal binocular vision is thus dependent on the corpus callosum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Payne, B R -- Elberger, A J -- Berman, N -- Murphy, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1097-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Corpus Callosum/*physiology/surgery ; Functional Laterality ; Time Factors ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Antidepressants compete at several neurotransmitter receptor binding site, but drug affinities do not correlate with clinical efficacy. Long-term, but not short-term, antidepressant treatment decreases the numbers of both serotonin and beta-adrenergic receptors. The decrease in the number of receptor sites is most marked for [3H]spiroperidol-labeled serotonin receptors and is characteristic for antidepressants of several classes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peroutka, S J -- Snyder, S H -- 5T32GM0309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DA00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):88-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Frontal Lobe/drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism ; Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Forty children were given a diet free of artificial food dyes and other additives for 5 days. Twenty of the children had been classified as hyperactive by scores on the Conners Rating Scale and were reported to have favorable responses to stimulant medication. A diagnosis of hyperactivity had been rejected in the other 20 children. Oral challenges with large doses (100 or 150 milligrams) of a blend of FD & C approved food dyes or placebo were administered on days 4 and 5 of the experiment. The performance of the hyperactive children on paired-associate learning tests on the day they received the dye blend was impaired relative to their performance after they received the placebo, but the performance of the nonhyperactive group was not affected by the challenge with the food dye blend.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swanson, J M -- Kinsbourne, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1485-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Food Coloring Agents/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/*physiopathology ; Learning/*drug effects ; Male ; Time Factors
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Aequorin signals in mammalian heart muscle cells reveal the existence of two temporally distinct processes that increase cytoplasmic calcium ions after membrane excitation. The differential dependence of these processes on the pattern of stimulation suggests that the first process is, or is closely related to, calcium entry through the surface membrane and that the second is calcium release from intracellular storage sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wier, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1085-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Aequorin/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Compartmentation ; Dogs ; Heart Conduction System/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Purkinje Fibers/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: In rats, multiple daily amphetamine injections (2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, injected subcutaneously every 4 hours for 5 days) resulted in a progressive augmentation in response, characterized by a more rapid onset and an increased magnitude of stereotypy. By contrast, offset times of both the stereotypy and the poststereotypy hyperactivity periods were markedly shortened. When the animals were retested with the same dose of amphetamine 8 days after the long-term treatment was discontinued, the time of offset of the stereotypy and hyperactivity phases had recovered to values found with short-term amphetamine treatment, whereas the more rapid onset of stereotypy persisted. Brain monoamine and amphetamine concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were determined in comparably treated rats at times corresponding to the behavioral observations. The behavioral data indicate that enhanced responsiveness to amphetamine following its repeated administration may contribute to the development of amphetamine psychosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, D S -- Weinberger, S B -- Cahill, J -- McCunney, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4433):905-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior/*drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Stereotyped Behavior/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: Phonemically similar syllables, differing only by temporal acoustic cues, were presented dichotically to investigate temporal processing mechanisms in hemispheric specialization for speech. Reducing the rate of acoustic change within syllables while keeping their phonemic characteristics constant significantly decreased the characteristic asymmetry in processing speech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, J -- Tallal, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1380-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Male ; Speech Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: Mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus (type 1) by the lip or corneal route and then passively immunized with rabbit antibody to herpes simplex virus developed a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia within 96 hours. Neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex virus was cleared from the circulation and could not be detected in most of these mice after 2 months. Examination of ganglia from the antibody-negative mice revealed latent virus in over 90 percent of the animals, indicating that serum neutralizing antibody is not necessary to maintain the latent state. When the lips or corneas of these mice were traumatized, viral reactivation occurred in up to 90 percent of the mice, as demonstrated by the appearance of neutralizing antibody. This study provides a model for identifying factors that trigger viral reactivation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sekizawa, T -- Openshaw, H -- Wohlenberg, C -- Notkins, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):1026-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*metabolism ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ganglia/microbiology ; Herpes Simplex/*immunology ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunization, Passive ; Mice ; Simplexvirus/*growth & development/immunology ; *Virus Activation
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartus, R T -- Dean, R L -- Goas, J A -- Lippa, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Aging ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Choline/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: Neurons in the torus semicircularis of the weakly electric fish Eigenmannia encode phase differences between sinusoidal electrical stimuli received in different body regions. These fish normally experience time-varying phase differences when the electric organ discharge fields of two or more individuals overlap. These phase differences supply information necessary for the animal's jamming avoidance behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bastian, J -- Heiligenberg, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):828-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Electric Organ/*physiology ; Escape Reaction/physiology ; Fishes/*physiology ; Mesencephalon/cytology/physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Periodicity ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that pituitary hormones may be delivered directly to the brain. Concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the plasma were determined in blood samles obtained simultaneously from the carotid artery, the sagittal sinus, and the jugular vein of three awake sheep. Seizures were induced electrically to stimulate ACTH secretion, and at precise intervals thereafter several simultaneous comparisons were made in each animal. In many of the post-seizure comparisons, the ACTH plasma concentrations within the sagital sinus exceeded those within the carotid artery as well as those within the jugular vein, indicating that this hormone was released from the pituitary and carried directly through capillary beds of brain to the venous blood within the sagittal sinus. The experiment was repeated in one hypophysectomized sheep and, in this animal, ACTH concentration in the plasma was reduced, but that in the sagittal sinus still was elevated after the seizure, an indication that some ACTH (or ACTH-like material) was released from the brain itself.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergland, R -- Blume, H -- Hamilton, A -- Monica, P -- Paterson, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):541-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6252607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/*blood supply ; Carotid Arteries ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/blood ; Female ; Hypophysectomy ; Jugular Veins ; Male ; Sheep ; Time Factors
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Suckling is the only behavior that is common among mammals. In newborn albino rats it is originally elicited by amniotic fluid deposited by the mother during parturition. Subsequent suckling is stimulated by saliva deposited on the nipples by the infant rats. Internal controls over the volume of milk suckled do not appear until infant rats are about 2 weeks of age at which time gastric distension, milk, systemic dehydration, and intestinal hormone cholecystokinin suppress milk intake derived through suckling. The development of controls over suckling appetite appears to parallel that of consummatory control. Until about 2 weeks of age infant rats choose to suckle a nonlactating nipple with the same frequency as a lactating nipple. Thereafter, the lactating nipple is unanimously chosen. These studies suggest differences and commonalities in the suckling behavior of laboratory rats and other mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blass, E M -- Teicher, M H -- AM-18560/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):15-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6997992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/*physiology ; Cholecystokinin/physiology ; Dehydration ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Food Deprivation ; Humans ; Instinct ; Lactation ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Maternal Behavior ; Pheromones ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Saliva ; Sucking Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: In the goldfish Mauthner cell, inhibitory postsynaptic currents evoked by intracellular stimulation of presynaptic neurons decay exponentially, with a mean time constant of 6.65 milliseconds. Analysis of membrane conductance fluctuations induced by iontophoresis of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid indicates a mean inhibitory channel lifetime of 7.15 milliseconds. The results thus suggest that the relaxation kinetics of activated inhibitory channels are rate-limiting during decay of the inhibitory postsynaptic current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faber, D S -- Korn, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):612-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6245449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Chlorides/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Glycine/pharmacology ; Goldfish ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials/*drug effects ; *Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pons/cytology ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: Rates of tyrosine and lysine transport and incorporation into protein were measured in control and undernourished weanling rats. Undernutrition was induced by feeding lactating dams a low protein diet (12 percent casein) from birth to day 21. At weaning, body and brain weights of undernourished rats were 50 percent and 88 percent, respectively, of control values. Lysine and tyrosine transport rates into skeletal muscle were reduced by over 75 percent, more than twice the reduction seen in brain. Rates of amino acid incorporation into muscle protein were reduced by approximately 50 percent; the change in rate of incorporation into brain protein was not statistically significant. These data indicate that, in spite of marked retardation of amino acid transport into brain, the brain seems fully capable of maintaining normal rates of protein synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freedman, L S -- Samuels, S -- Fish, I -- Schwartz, S A -- Lange, B -- Katz, M -- Morgano, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):902-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6766565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Body Weight ; Brain/growth & development/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Lactation ; Male ; Muscles/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Protein-Energy Malnutrition/*metabolism ; Rats
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 1980-12-12
    Description: In rats that were fasted for 2 to 3 days there was a decline in hypothalamic, but not pituitary, beta-endorphin. There was no change in pituitary or hypothalamic adrenocorticotropin content as a result of fasting. Endogenous opiates may be involved in physiological adaptation to fasting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gambert, S R -- Garthwaite, T L -- Pontzer, C H -- Hagen, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 12;210(4475):1271-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism ; Animals ; Endorphins/*metabolism ; *Fasting ; Hypothalamus/*metabolism ; Male ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Maternal pain thresholds in rats were determined during various stages of pregnancy and parturition by measuring the intensity of electric shock that elicited reflexive jumping. There was a gradual rise in the pain threshold between 16 and 4 days prior to parturition and a more abrupt rise 1 to 2 days before that event. This increase was abolished by long-term administration of the narcotic antagonist naltrexone. The endorphin system is thus an important component of intrinsic mechanisms that modulate responsiveness to aversive stimuli. The data also demonstrate the activation during pregnancy of an endorphin system that is apparently quiescent in nonpregnant female rats treated the same way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gintzler, A R -- NIMH GRANT DA01771/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Female ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: A classical conditioning paradigm was used to demonstrate that male rats can learn to secrete luteinizing hormone and testosterone in anticipation of sexual activity. Sexually naive males were exposed to a neutral stimulus and then to a sexually receptive female once daily. After exposure to the paired stimuli for 14 trials, the neutral stimulus was as effective as the female in triggering luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion. These findings provide two novel perspectives on the control of reproductive hormone secretion in male rats: (i) environmental cues, which males learn to associate with sexual activity, induce the secretion of hormones that regulate pituitary-testis function, and (ii) classical conditioning may be used as a noninvasive method to evoke functional alterations in the secretion of luteinizing hormone and presumably the neuroendocrine pathways that mediate its release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham, J M -- Desjardins, C -- HD-13470/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):1039-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arousal/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Male ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/secretion ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Testis/secretion ; Testosterone/*secretion ; Time Factors
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Injection of synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone (the amino terminal peptide containing the first 34 amino acids) to the coronary circulation of the dog resulted in a marked coronary vasodilation. The vasodilatory response was dose-dependent and amounted to a 161 percent increase over the resting flow rate at a concentration of 1.0 unit per kilogram.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crass, M F 3rd -- Pang, P K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1087-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coronary Circulation/*drug effects ; Dogs ; Hormones/pharmacology ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Parathyroid Hormone/*pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Vascular Resistance/drug effects ; *Vasodilator Agents
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: Swelling of nerve fibers during the action potential was demonstrated by three different methods. Generation of a propagated nerve impulse in a crab nerve produced an outward movement of 50 to 100 angstroms of the nerve surfce and a rise in swelling pressure on the order of 5 dynes per square centimeter. In squid giant axons, the amplitude of the observed outward movement of the surface was small.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iwasa, K -- Tasaki, I -- Gibbons, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):338-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Brachyura ; Decapodiformes ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Time Factors
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 1980-07-18
    Description: The teratogenicity of alcohol has been demonstrated in humans through clinical studies, behavioral studies, and epidemiologic studies, and in animals through controlled laboratory experiments. In humans exposed to alcohol during gestation the effects can range from fetal alcohol syndrome in some offspring of chronic alcoholic women to reduced average birth weight in offspring of women reporting an average consumption of two to three drinks or more per day. The behavioral effects of such exposure may range from mental retardation in children with fetal alcohol syndrome to milder developmental and behavioral effects in infants born to social drinkers. In animals, exposure to alcohol in utero may result in death, malformation, and growth deficiency as well as behavioral and developmental abnormalities. The mechanisms of impairment and related risk factors are yet to be elucidated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Streissguth, A P -- Landesman-Dwyer, S -- Martin, J C -- Smith, D W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 18;209(4454):353-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6992275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced ; Alcohol Drinking ; Brain/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Ethanol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/chemically induced ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Sucking Behavior/drug effects ; *Teratogens
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6765994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Costs and Cost Analysis ; Food Contamination/analysis/*prevention & control ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: The anticonvulsants ethosuximide, sodium valproate, and trimethadione that are specific for petit mal epilepsy abolished in rats the electrical seizure activity and behavioral abnormalities produced by leucine enkephalin, whereas phenobarbital and phenytoin had no effect. The dose-response curve for naloxone against seizure activity induced by leucine enkephalin was the same as that in gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced petit mal. These data indicate that the epileptic properties of leucine enkephalin are petit mal-like and raise the possibility of involvement of enkephalinergic systems in. The dose-response curve for naloxone against seizure activity induced by leucine enkephalin was the same as that in gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced petit mal. These data indicate that the epileptic properties of leucine enkephalin are petit mal-like and raise the possibility of involvement of enkephalinergic systems in petit mal epilepsy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snead, O C 3rd -- Bearden, L J -- 1K07 NS 00 484-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):1031-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticonvulsants/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endorphins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Enkephalins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Ethosuximide/pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Seizures/*prevention & control ; Trimethadione/pharmacology ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: When young adults detected auditory stimuli at split-second intervals, different components of the event-related brain potentials showed markedly different speeds of recovery. The P3 component (latency 300 to 350 milliseconds) was fully recovered at intervals of less than 1.0 second, while the N1--P2 components (latencies 100 to 180 milliseconds) were markedly attenuated with stimulus repetition even at longer interstimulus intervals. Thus, the N1--P2 recovers much more slowly than a subject's ability to evaluate signals, whereas the P3 appears to be generated at the same high rates as the decision processes with which it is associated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woods, D L -- Hillyard, S A -- Courchesne, E -- Galambos, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):655-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Decision Making/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Memory/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: A rat model is used to study the carcinogenesis that occurs when urine is surgically diverted into the fecal stream, as in ureterosigmoidostomy. Adenocarcinoma of the colon occurs adjacent to the urine inlet. It is completely prevented by proximal diversion of the feces, implying that fecal carcinogens are activated locally by the urine or the urothelium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crissey, M M -- Steele, G D -- Gittes, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1079-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/*etiology ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Carcinogens ; Colon, Sigmoid/metabolism/*surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Rats ; Sigmoid Neoplasms/*etiology ; Ureter/*surgery ; Urinary Diversion/*adverse effects
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: Visual temporal acuity, as measured by the critical flicker frequency decreased and then increased during 24 hours of auditory deprivation. This intermodal effect is similar to intramodal changes in the critical flicker frequency of the nonoccluded eye during monocular deprivation; a single mechanism appears to underlie both phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bross, M -- Harper, D -- Sicz, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):667-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Denervation ; Flicker Fusion ; Humans ; Reticular Formation/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-05-16
    Description: Infant rat pups, fed through intragastric cannulas from postnatal day 4 through day 18, showed a 19 percent reduction in total brain weight when ethanol was included in their diet on days 4 through 7. This reduction in brain weight occurred even though body growth in the experimental rats was equal to that of their littermate controls. The ethanol-exposed animals were markedly hypoactive during the period of drug administration, then displayed gross body tremors for 3 to 5 days. Throughout the study, the animals treated with ethanol had poor motor coordination and were hyperresponsive. These brain and behavioral effects appear similar to those seen in fetal alcohol syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diaz, J -- Samson, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 16;208(4445):751-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7189297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Brain/anatomy & histology/drug effects/*growth & development ; Cerebellum/growth & development ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/*embryology ; Organ Size ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: A mouse macrophage line, J774G8, supports continuous and prolific intracellular growth of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, the etiological agent of a South American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The intracellular parasites from these infected cultures can be isolated with high recovery rate and purity by simple Percoll gradient centrifugation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, K P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1240-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Leishmania/growth & development ; Leishmaniasis/*parasitology/pathology ; Macrophages/*parasitology ; Mice
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1980-04-18
    Description: Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) occurring in the presence and in the absence of GABA-containing nerve terminals were estimated in rats in which the dense GABA projection to the substantia nigra was surgically destroyed on one side of the brain. The net increase in GABA of the denervated nigra was compared with that of the intact nigra at various times after a single injection of gama-vinyl-GABA, which irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase. Total GABA reached a maximum within 12 hours, but the GABA pool associated with nerve terminals did not increase until 36 hours and peaked at 60 hours. The onset and peak of anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizures directly paralleled the time course for the increase in GABA in nerve terminals, but was not positively correlated with that independent of the terminals. This result supports the concept that elevating GABA in nerve terminals facilitates GABA-mediated synaptic transmission and predicts anticonvulsant activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gale, K -- Iadarola, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 18;208(4441):288-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Aminocaproates/*pharmacology ; Aminooxyacetic Acid/pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cell Compartmentation ; Electroshock ; Nerve Endings/metabolism ; Rats ; Seizures/*physiopathology ; Substantia Nigra/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transaminases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology ; Vigabatrin ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: Two experiments show that, after taste-aversion conditioning, rats can use external retrieval cues to recall or anticipate the aversive taste solution and avoid its location without making contact with the flavor. They also show that the rat's avoidance of a conditioned aversive taste and its consumption of the aversive flavored solution can be attenuated by giving it prior runway training in which taste reward is given inconsistently on a partial reinforcement schedule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, J S -- Amsel, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):831-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Extinction, Psychological ; Female ; Lithium ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Rats ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Sodium Chloride ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: Incubation of astrocytoma cells with catecholamines results in a decrease in catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and a concomitant alteration in the sedimentation properties of particulate beta-adrenergic receptors. The altered receptors exhibit agonist binding properties similar to those of receptors that are "uncoupled" from adenylate cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harden, T K -- Cotton, C U -- Waldo, G L -- Lutton, J K -- Perkins, J P -- GM 25163/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 22490/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Astrocytoma ; Cell Line ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Endocytosis ; Humans ; Isoproterenol/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Groups of three to four mice were gavaged with aqueous solutions of 2 milligrams of morpholine, after which they were exposed to nitrogen dioxide in inhalation chambers at concentrations of 0.2 to 50 parts per million for up to 4 hours. At sequential intervals during the exposure, mice were frozen and pulverized in liquid nitrogen, and the mice powder was extracted with ice-cold 35 percent aqueous methanol and dichloromethane; organic-phase concentrates were analyzed for N-nitrosomorpholine with a thermal energy analyzer interfaced to a gas chromatograph. The N-nitrosomorpholine yields, ranging up to about 2.3 micrograms per mouse, were time-dependent relative to the duration of exposure to nitrogen dioxide and dose-dependent relative to the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide; control levels (in mice that were gavaged with morpholine or distilled water and then exposed to air instead of nitrogen dioxide) were less than 5 nanograms per mouse. These preliminary studies demonstrate the in vivo nitrosating potential of nitrogen oxides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iqbal, Z M -- Dahl, K -- Epstein, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1475-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amines/metabolism ; Animals ; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology ; Biotransformation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Mice ; Morpholines/*metabolism ; Nitrogen Dioxide/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Nitrosamines/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: The survival of Lewis rats with D-galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure was prolonged if they were given intraperitoneal injections of single-cell suspensions of liver or bone marrow cells from normal rats. Suspensions of liver cells were also effective in prolonging the survival of rats with ischemia-induced hepatic necrosis. The liver cells did not act by repopulating the recipient liver.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makowka, L -- Falk, R E -- Rotstein, L E -- Falk, J A -- Nossal, N -- Langer, B -- Blendis, L M -- Phillips, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):901-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anoxia/complications ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Galactosamine ; Hepatectomy ; Liver/cytology ; Liver Diseases/*therapy ; *Liver Transplantation ; Necrosis ; Rats ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Inescapable foot shock in rats caused profound analgesia that was antagonized by naloxone or dexamethasone when shock was delivered intermittently for 30 minutes, but not when it was delivered continuously for 3 minutes. Thus, depending only on its temporal characteristics, foot-shock stress appears to activate opioid or nonopioid analgesia mechanisms. Certain forms of stress may act as natural inputs to an endogenous opiate analgesia system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, J W -- Cannon, J T -- Liebeskind, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):623-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Animals ; Dexamethasone/*pharmacology ; Electroshock ; Endorphins/*physiology ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pituitary Gland/physiology ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: After more than 230 hours of practice in the laboratory, a subject was able to increase his memory span from 7 to 79 digits. His performance on other memory tests with digits equaled that of memory experts with lifelong training. With an appropriate mnemonic system, there is seemingly no limit to memory performance with practice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ericcson, K A -- Chase, W G -- Faloon, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1181-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Association Learning/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: The nonuterotropic natural estrogen 2-hydroxyestrone administered to normal young women results in a prompt and profound suppression of serum prolactin in most of the subjects. With the exception of dopamine, this is the only endogenous material known to strongly inhibit prolactin secretion, and its action suggests that the physiological regulation of prolactin by estrogens in the human is dual in nature, consisting of stimulation by estradiol and inhibition by its catechol estrogen metabolite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fishman, J -- Tulchinsky, D -- CA 22795/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):73-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Estrogens/physiology ; Estrone/*analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyestrones/*pharmacology ; Prolactin/blood/*secretion ; Time Factors
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gori, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 18;208(4441):256-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogens ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diet ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Risk ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-12-19
    Description: Vasopressin neurons, transplanted from normal rat fetuses into the third ventricle of adult Brattleboro rats, alleviate the polydipsia and polyuria of the hosts. Determination of the antidiuretic activity of grafted neurons in hosts with congenital diabetes insipidus provides a convenient model for analyzing the development, plasticity, and function of transplanted central nervous system neurons in mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gash, D -- Sladek, J R Jr -- Sladek, C D -- AM 16166/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS 15109/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 19;210(4476):1367-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diabetes Insipidus/physiopathology/*therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drinking Behavior/physiology ; Hypothalamus/cytology/embryology/*transplantation ; Kidney Concentrating Ability ; Rats ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Vasopressins/*physiology
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: In a dye-sensitized photooxidation system, lens crystallin polypeptides become cross-linked, and a blue fluorescence that is associated with the proteins is produced. These changes are similar to those seen in vivo in the aging human lens. Evidence implicating singlet oxygen as the causative agent of the effects in vitro is presented, and the possibility that this species may play a role in aging and cataractogenesis in vivo is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goosey, J D -- Zigler, J S Jr -- Kinoshita, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1278-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Cataract/etiology ; Cattle ; Crystallins/*radiation effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fluorescence ; Light ; Methylene Blue ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen ; Photochemistry ; Riboflavin ; Rose Bengal
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-22
    Description: Normotensive anephric rats infused with 2 milliliters of a hyperosmolar solution of either sodium chloride or mannitol showed an increase in arterial pressure that was very pronounced with the sodium chloride and that could be partly abolished by administration of an antagonist to the vasopressor action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Rats with congenital ADH deficiency subjected to the same treatment showed smaller increments in arterial pressure that remained unchanged after administration of the ADH antagonist. Expansion of intravascular fluid volume was similar in all four groups and bore no correlation to the change in arterial pressure. It is concluded that about half of the increase in blood pressure induced by saline was attributable to the vasopressor effect of stimulated ADH and the remainder to an additional sodium-related factor, since it was more pronounced in the saline-infused than in the mannitol-infused groups. Expansion of the intravascular volume per se could only account for a minimal part of the increment in pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hatzinikolaou, P -- Gavras, H -- Brunner, H R -- Gavras, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 22;209(4459):935-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure ; *Blood Volume ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypertension/*etiology/physiopathology ; Male ; *Nephrectomy ; Rats ; Sodium/*blood ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasopressins/antagonists & inhibitors/deficiency/physiology
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):883-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6107993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Biological Evolution ; Chicago ; Congresses as Topic ; Fossils ; Gene Frequency ; Models, Theoretical ; Mutation ; Time Factors
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):859-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6986648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspirin/*therapeutic use ; Blood Coagulation/drug effects ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/prevention & control ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction/*prevention & control ; Time Factors
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: In vitro translation experiments showed that the lens fiber cells of two hereditary cataracts in mice (Nakano and Philly) possessed a full complement of crystallin messenger RNA's, despite severely reduced synthesis of crystallin in these cells. The reduction in synthesis in the lens fiber cells correlated with the increase in Na+ and the decrease in K+, which occurs during cataractogenesis. In contrast to the fiber cells, the epithelial cells continued to synthesize crystallins in the cataractous lenses. Crystallin synthesis was stimulated in the fiber cells by raising the K+ concentration and lowering the Na+ concentration in the cultured lenses. The reduction in crystallin synthesis in the initial stages of cataractogenesis in the Nakano and Philly lenses thus appears to be due to poor utilization of crystallin messenger RNA's in the fiber cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shinohara, T -- Piatigorsky, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):914-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cataract/genetics/*metabolism ; Crystallins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: Three-month-old infants learned to activate a crib mobile by means of operant footkicks. Retention of the conditioned response was assessed during a cued recall test with the nonmoving mobile. Although forgetting is typically complete after an 8-day retention interval, infants who received a reactivation treatment--a brief exposure to the reinforcer 24 hours before retention testing--showed no forgetting after retention intervals of either 2 or 4 weeks. Further, the forgetting function after a reactivation treatment did not differ from the original forgetting function. These experiments demonstrate that (i) "reactivation" or "reinstatement" is an effective mechanism by which early experiences can continue to influence behavior over lengthy intervals and (ii) memory deficits in young infants are best viewed as retrieval deficits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rovee-Collier, C K -- Sullivan, M W -- Enright, M -- Lucas, D -- Fagen, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1159-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/physiology ; Humans ; *Infant ; Memory/*physiology ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 1980-08-08
    Description: Quantitative neurohistological techniques were used to examine the hippocampal complex of laboratory rats maintained on ethanol-containing or control diets for 5 months followed by a 2-month alcohol-free period. Chronic ethanol consumption resulted in a significant loss of hippocampal pyramidal and dentate gyrus granule cells. This study provides direct evidence that long-term ethanol consumption, in the absence of malnutrition, produces neuronal loss in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, D W -- Barnes, D E -- Zornetzer, S F -- Hunter, B E -- Kubanis, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 8;209(4457):711-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Pyramidal Tracts/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Time Factors
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