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  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (561)
  • Animals  (374)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (935)
  • 1979  (935)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (935)
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: A preliminary assessment of a potential Satellite Power System (SPS) is provided. The assessment includes discussion of technical and economic feasibility; the effects of microwave power transmission beams on biological, ecological, and electromagnetic systems; the impact of SPS construction, deployment, and operations on the biosphere and on society; and the merits of SPS compared to other future energy alternatives.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-81142 , DOE/ER-0041
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: Some applications and properties of free-space power transmission are examined. Among the properties discussed are: no mass, either in the form of wire conductors or ferrying vehicles, is needed between the source of energy and the point of consumption; energy can be transferred at the velocity of light; no loss of energy in transferring energy throught the vacuum of space; and the energy transfer is insensitive to a difference in the gravitational potential of the transmitter and receiver locations. Applications discussed include the Solar Power Satellite, high altitude platforms for communications and remote sensing. Also discussed are rectennas and retrodirective arrays. Finally, an expression yielding minimum cost is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 17; Sept
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The Satellite Power System (SPS) Reference System is discussed and the technical and operational information required in support of environmental, socioeconomic, and comparative assessment studies are emphasized. The reference System concept features a gallium-aluminum-arsenide, and silicon solar cell options. Other aspects of an SPS are the construction of bases in space, launch and mission control bases on earth, and fleets of various transportation vehicles to support the construction and maintenance operations of the satellites.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: DOE/ER-0023
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: This bibliography lists 1873 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system from January 1, 1979 through March 31, 1979.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-SP-7043(21)
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: This bibliography lists 1096 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System from April 1, 1979 through June 30, 1979.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-SP-7043(22)
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  • 6
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The power factor controller, and energy-saving device for electric motors, is presented. The commercialization of the device is discussed and its applications are described.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-80755 , P79-10188 , Feb 28, 1979; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: A method utilizing a device to spray noble gases to cool the site of silicon crystal growth is described. The salient points are: (1) soft and uniform cooling was possible, (2) the length of the boundary surface of growth along the growth direction was made long over a wide width compared to the thickness, and (3) this made it possible to effectively remove the heat produced from solification. By using forced gas spraying on the solution surface in contact with the points of crystal growth, growth at the points of growth is enhanced and the rate of growth is speeded up.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-75503 , Natl. Conv. of Elec. Studies; Jan 01, 1979
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  • 8
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The development of fuel cell technology is summarized, and the potential for utility-type fuel cell installations is assessed on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the construction of the first fuel cell by Sir William Grove. The only functional fuel-cell systems developed to date, the hydrogen-oxygen cells used by NASA, are indicated, and hydrazine and alcohol (methanol) cells are considered. Areas requiring development before the implementation of fuel cells as general purpose utility-type electric generators include catalysts for naturally occurring hydrocarbons or processes for low-cost methanol or hydrazine production, efficient means of scrubbing and enriching air, self-regulating systems, and 15- to 20-fold power density increases. It is argued that although ideas for eliminating certain of the above-mentioned problems have been proposed, fuel-cell systems can never be expected to equal the efficiency, reliability and low cost of conventional power plants, and thus developmental support should be discontinued.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Energy; 4; Fall 197
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: A control concept for a variable-speed wind energy conversion system is proposed, for which a self-exited asynchronous cage generator is used along with a system of thyristor converters. The control loops are the following: (1) regulation of the entrainment speed as function of available mechanical energy by acting on the resistance couple of the asynchronous generator; (2) control of electric power delivered to the asynchronous machine, functioning as a motor, for start-up of the vertical axis wind converter; and (3) limitation of the slip value, and by consequence, of the induction currents in the presence of sudden variations of input parameters.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-75512 , Can. Commun. and Power Conf.; Oct 18, 1978 - Oct 20, 1978; Montreal; Canada
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  • 10
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: A bibliography is presented which lists 1250 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System from October 1, 1978 through December 31, 1978.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-SP-7043(20)
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: Characteristics of solar heat storage materials, preliminary tests in which melting and solidification characteristics are tested, and service life and cycling tests are reported. Various aspects of corrosion are discussed as well as decision about ultimate selection of materials. A program for storage and evaluation of data is included.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-75397 , IKE-52F-258-78
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  • 12
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-27
    Beschreibung: This paper discusses the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Space Power Technology Program which is aimed at providing the needed technology for NASA's future missions. The technology program is subdivided into five areas: (1) photovoltaic energy conversion; (2) chemical energy conversion and storage; (3) thermal to electric conversion; (4) power system management and distribution, and (5) advanced energetics. Recent accomplishments, current status, and future directions are presented for each area.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 05, 1979 - Aug 10, 1979; Boston, MA
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  • 13
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-27
    Beschreibung: A series of papers dealing with the status of solar research and development in the Federal Republic of Germany are presented at a conference in Greece with the object of promoting international cooperation in solar energy utilization. The reports focus on solar collector designs, solar systems, heat pumps, solar homes, solar cooling and refrigeration, desalination and electric power generation. Numerous examples of systems produced by German manufacturers are illustrated and described, and performance data are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-75634
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-13
    Beschreibung: A windpowered generator system is described which uses a windmill to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy for a three phase (network) voltage of constant amplitude and frequency. The generator system controls the windmill by the number of revolutions so that the power drawn from the wind for a given wind velocity is maximum. A generator revolution which is proportional to wind velocity is achieved. The stator of the generator is linked directly to the network and a feed converter at the rotor takes care of constant voltage and frequency at the stator.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-75497
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  • 15
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-27
    Beschreibung: This paper describes an electronic controller that is optimized to operate a hot air solar system. Thermal information is obtained from copper constantan thermocouples and a wall-type thermostat. The signals from the thermocouples are processed through a single amplifier using a multiplexing scheme. The multiplexing reduces the component count and automatically calibrates the thermocouple amplifier. The processed signals connect to some simple logic that selects one of the four operating modes. This simple, inexpensive, and reliable scheme is well suited to control hot air solar systems.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-20
    Beschreibung: The technological readiness of the proposed process sequence was reviewed. Process steps evaluated include: (1) plasma etching to establish a standard surface; (2) forming junctions by diffusion from an N-type polymeric spray-on source; (3) forming a p+ back contact by firing a screen printed aluminum paste; (4) forming screen printed front contacts after cleaning the back aluminum and removing the diffusion oxide; (5) cleaning the junction by a laser scribe operation; (6) forming an antireflection coating by baking a polymeric spray-on film; (7) ultrasonically tin padding the cells; and (8) assembling cell strings into solar circuits using ethylene vinyl acetate as an encapsulant and laminating medium.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162364 , DOE/JPL-954853-79/3
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-20
    Beschreibung: The evaluation and prediction of the conversion efficiency for a variety of silicon samples with differences in structural defects, such as grain boundaries, twin boundaries, precipitate particles, dislocations, etc. are discussed. Quantitative characterization of these structural defects, which were revealed by etching the surface of silicon samples, is performed by using an image analyzer. Due to different crystal growth and fabrication techniques the various types of silicon contain a variety of trace impurity elements and structural defects. The two most important criteria in evaluating the various silicon types for solar cell applications are cost and conversion efficiency.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162173 , MRI-273 , QPR-5 , DOE/JPL-954977-79/6
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-20
    Beschreibung: Small power system technology as applied to power plants up to 10 MW in size was considered. Markets for small power systems were characterized and cost goals were established for the project. Candidate power plant system design concepts were selected for evaluation and preliminary performance and cost assessments were made. Breakeven capital costs were determined for leading contenders among the candidate systems. The potential use of small power systems in providing part of the demand for pumping power by the extensive aqueduct system of California, was studied. Criteria and methodologies were developed for the ranking of candidate power plant system design concepts. Experimental power plant concepts of 1 MW rating were studied to define a power plant configuration for subsequent detail design construction, testing and evaluation. Site selection criteria and ground rules were developed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162104 , JPL-PUB-79-43-VOL-2 , DOE/JPL-1060-9
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-20
    Beschreibung: The dependence of the SiF4 Na reaction initiation time and of the efficiency of the reaction on Na particle size and reaction temperature were studied. Close to 100 percent utilization of Na was obtained, and formation of byproduct fluoro-silicate was decreased to below 10 percent. A SiF4 Na reactor was built to scale up the reaction by a factor of about four and is now being tested. A scaled up melting system was built and successfully used to separate Si from kilogram quantities of SiF4 NaF mixtures. Support studies of the volatilization of NaF performed in a smaller melting system indicated minimal loss of NaF as vapor at 1410 C. The wetting of graphite was also investigated to determine the constituents of the NaF phase which promote good wetting.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162113 , ERDA/JPL-954471-79/10 , QPR-13
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-20
    Beschreibung: Thermal or electrical power from the sun's radiated energy through Point-Focusing Distributed Receiver technology is the goal of this Project. The energy thus produced must be economically competitive with other sources. The Project supports the industrial development of technology and hardware for extracting energy from solar power to achieve the stated goal. Present studies are working to concentrate the solar energy through mirrors or lenses, to a working fluid or gas, and through a power converter change to an energy source useful to man. Rankine-cycle and Brayton-cycle engines are currently being developed as the most promising energy converters for our near future needs.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-158534 , DOE/JPL-1060-7 , JPL-PUB-79-1
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  • 21
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The Integrated Energy Management (IEM) Study investigated the practicality and feasibility of a closed-loop energy management system for transport aircraft. The study involved: (1) instrumentation and collection of in-flight data for a United Airlines 727-200 flying 80 revenue flights throughout the United Airlines network,(2) analysis of the in-flight data to select representative city pairs and establish operational procedures employed in flying a reference flight profile, (3) simulation of the reference profile in a fast-time model to verify the model and establish performance values against which to measure IEM benefits, (4) development of IEM algorithms, and (5) assessment of the IEM concept.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-158980 , NAS 1.26:158980 , D6-46700
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The activity of hydrogenase in nonsynchronous, photoheterotrophically grown cells of C. reinhardi is a function of culture age. Rapidly growing cultures (exponential phase) exhibit lower hydrogenase activity than early stationary phase cultures. During prolonged dark anaerobic incubation the hydrogenase activity attains a maximal value in two to five hours. The activity declines rapidly after three to four hours of anaerobic incubation unless the pH of the suspending medium is maintained above 6.0. In C. reinhardi the source of electrons for hydrogen photoproduction appears to be derived mainly from water oxidation. However, when the water-splitting complex of photosystem II is impaired by a mutational block, the organism can utilize intracellular organic reductants as substrate for H2 production in a light-dependent reaction involving both PSII and PSI. When photosynthetic electron transport is uncoupled from phosphorylation, a rate of 174 micromoles of hydrogen evolved per mg cells per hour is observed. This rate of hydrogen photoproduction corresponds to 76% of the reductant generating capacity of PSII under steady-state photosynthesis.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Sun II; May 28, 1979 - Jun 01, 1979; Atlanta, GA
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A parametric study of the performance of the MHD generator and combustor components of potential early commercial open-cycle MHD/steam power plants is presented. Consideration is given to the effects of air heater system concept, MHD combustor type, coal type, thermal input power, oxygen enrichment of the combustion, subsonic and supersonic generator flow and magnetic field strength on coupled generator and combustor performance. The best performance is found to be attained with a 3000 F, indirectly fired air heater, no oxygen enrichment, Illinois no. 6 coal, a two-stage cyclone combustor with 85% slag rejection, a subsonic generator, and a magnetic field configuration yielding a constant transverse electric field of 4 kV/m. Results indicate that optimum net MHD generator power is generally compressor-power-limited rather than electric-stress-limited, with optimum net power a relatively weak function of operating pressure.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Symposium on the Engineering Aspects of Magnetohydrodynamics; Jun 18, 1979 - Jun 20, 1979; Butte, MT
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  • 24
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Current practices and future requirements for the storage, transmission and distribution of hydrogen are reviewed in order to identify inadequacies to be corrected before hydrogen can achieve its full potential as a substitute for fossil fuels. Consideration is given to the storage of hydrogen in underground solution-mined salt caverns, portable high-pressure containers and dewars, pressure vessels and aquifers and as metal hydrides, hydrogen transmission in evacuated double-walled insulated containers and by pipeline, and distribution by truck and internal distribution networks. Areas for the improvement of these techniques are indicated, and these technological deficiencies, including materials development, low-cost storage and transmission methods, low-cost, long-life metal hydrides and novel methods for hydrogen storage, are presented as challenges for research and development.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Hydrogen energy system; Aug 21, 1978 - Aug 24, 1978; Zurich; Switzerland
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper presents the performance and cost of four 10-MWe advanced solar thermal electric power plants sited in various regions of the continental United States. Each region has different insolation characteristics which result in varying collector field areas, plant performance, capital costs, and energy costs. The paraboloidal dish, central receiver, cylindrical parabolic trough, and compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) comprise the advanced concepts studied. This paper contains a discussion of the regional insolation data base, a description of the solar systems' performances and costs, and a presentation of a range for the forecast cost of conventional electricity by region and nationally over the next several decades.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: ASME PAPER 79-WA/SOL-15 , Winter Annual Meeting; Dec 02, 1979 - Dec 07, 1979; New York, NY
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  • 26
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A solar power plant has been designed with a rating of 1000-kW electric and a 0.4 annual capacity factor. It was configured as a prototype for plants in the 1000 to 10,000-kWe size range for application to small communities or industrial users either grid-connected or isolated from a utility grid. A small central receiver was selected for solar energy collection after being compared with alternative distributed collectors. Further trade studies resulted in the selection of Hitec (heat transfer salt composed of 53 percent KNO3, 40 percent NaNO2, 7 percent NaNO3) as both the receiver coolant and the sensible heat thermal stroage medium and the steam Rankine cycle for power conversion. The plant is configured with road-transportable units to accommodate remote sites and minimize site assembly requirements. Results of the analyses indicate that busbar energy costs are competitive with diesel-electric plants in certain situations, e.g., off-grid, remote regions with high insolation. Sensitivity of energy costs to plant power rating and system capacity factor are given.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: ASME PAPER 79-WA/SOL-7 , Winter Annual Meeting; Dec 02, 1979 - Dec 07, 1979; New York, NY
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Cost-effective small solar thermal electric power plants (1- to 10-MW nominal size) offer an attractive way of helping the world meet its future energy needs. The paper describes the characteristics of a conceptual near-term plant (about 1 MW) and a potential 1990 commercial version. The basic system concept is one in which steam is generated using two-axis tracking, parabolic dish, and point-focusing collectors. The steam is transported through low-loss piping to a central steam turbine generator unit where it is converted to electricity. The plants have no energy storage and their output power level varies with the solar insolation level. This system concept, which is firmly based on state-of-the-art technology, is projected to offer one of the fastest paths for U.S. commercialization of solar thermal electric power plants through moderate technology advances and mass production.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: ASME PAPER 79-WA/SOL-9 , Winter Annual Meeting; Dec 02, 1979 - Dec 07, 1979; New York, NY
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Different analytical methods for computing the flux distribution on the focal plane of a paraboloidal solar concentrator are reviewed. An analytical solution in algebraic form is also derived for an idealized model. The effects resulting from using different assumptions in the definition of optical parameters used in these methodologies are compared and discussed in detail. These parameters include solar irradiance distribution (limb darkening and circumsolar), reflector surface specular spreading, surface slope error, and concentrator pointing inaccuracy. The type of computational method selected for use depends on the maturity of the design and the data available at the time the analysis is made.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: ASME PAPER 79-WA/SOL-8 , Winter Annual Meeting; Dec 02, 1979 - Dec 07, 1979; New York, NY
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  • 29
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper presents an approach to optimization of a solar concept which employs solar-to-electric power conversion at the focus of parabolic dish concentrators. The optimization procedure is presented through a series of trade studies, which include the results of optical/thermal analyses and individual subsystem trades. Alternate closed-cycle and open-cycle Brayton engines and organic Rankine engines are considered to show the influence of the optimization process, and various storage techniques are evaluated, including batteries, flywheels, and hybrid-engine operation.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: ASME PAPER 79-WA/SOL-11 , Winter Annual Meeting; Dec 02, 1979 - Dec 07, 1979; New York, NY
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  • 30
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Progress made in different tasks of the advanced thermionic technology program is described. The tasks include surface and plasma investigations (surface characterization, spectroscopic plasma experiments, and converter theory); low temperature converter development (tungsten emitter, tungsten oxide collector and tungsten emitter, nickel collector); component hardware development (hot shell development); flame-fired silicon carbide converters; high temperature and advanced converter studies; postoperational diagnostics; and correlation of design interfaces.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-163134 , COO-3056-41 , PR-39
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  • 31
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Low-energy ion implantation processes for the automated production of silicon solar cells were investigated. Phosphorus ions at an energy of 10 keV and dose of 2 x 10 to the 15th power/sq cm were implanted in silicon solar cells to produce junctions, while boron ions at 25 keV and 5 x 10 to the 15th power were implanted in the cells to produce effective back surface fields. An ion implantation facility with a beam current up to 4 mA and a production throughput of 300 wafers per hour was designed and installed. A design was prepared for a 100 mA, automated implanter with a production capacity of 100 MW sub e/sq cm per year. Two process sequences were developed which employ ion implantation and furnace or pulse annealing. A computer program was used to determine costs for junction formation by ion implantation and various furnace annealing cycles to demonstrate cost effectiveness of these methods.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-153188 , DOE/JPL-954786-79/02 , JPL-9950-324 , FR-79-10052
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The process sequence for the fabrication of dendritic web silicon into solar panels was modified to include aluminum back surface field formation. Plasma etching was found to be a feasible technique for pre-diffusion cleaning of the web. Several contacting systems were studied. The total plated Pd-Ni system was not compatible with the process sequence; however, the evaporated TiPd-electroplated Cu system was shown stable under life testing. Ultrasonic bonding parameters were determined for various interconnect and contact metals but the yield of the process was not sufficiently high to use for module fabrication at this time. Over 400 solar cells were fabricated according to the modified sequence. No sub-process incompatibility was seen. These cells were used to fabricate four demonstration modules. A cost analysis of the modified process sequence resulted in a selling price of $0.75/peak watt.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162628 , DOE/JPL-954873-79/08
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  • 33
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A conceptual design of a free piston solar Stirling engine-linear alternator which can be designed and developed to meet the requirements of a near-term solar test bed engine with minimum risks was developed. The conceptual design was calculated to have an overall system efficiency of 38% and provide 15kW electric output. The free piston engine design incorporates features such as gas bearings, close clearance seals, and gas springs. This design is hermetically sealed to provide long life, reliability, and maintenance free operation. An implementation assessment study performed indicates that the free piston solar Stirling engine-linear alternator can be manufactured at a reasonable price cost (direct labor plus material) of $2,500 per engine in production quantities of 25,000 units per year. Opportunity for significant reduction of cost was also identified.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-159587 , DOE/NASA/0056-79/1 , MTI-79TR47
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Several microwave systems for use in solar cell fabrication were developed and experimentally tested. The first system used a standing wave rectangular waveguide horn applicator. Satisfactory results were achieved with this system for impedance matching and wafer surface heating uniformity. The second system utilized a resonant TM sub 011 mode cylindrical cavity but could not be employed due to its poor energy coupling efficiency. The third and fourth microwave systems utilized a circular waveguide operating in the TM sub 01 and TM sub 11 but had problems with impedance matching, efficiency, and field uniformity.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162912 , JPL-9950-316 , DOE/JPL-954865-79/8 , QTR-8
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The energy consumed in manufacturing silicon solar cell modules was calculated for the current process, as well as for 1982 and 1986 projected processes. In addition, energy payback times for the above three sequences are shown. The module manufacturing energy was partitioned two ways. In one way, the silicon reduction, silicon purification, sheet formation, cell fabrication, and encapsulation energies were found. In addition, the facility, equipment, processing material and direct material lost-in-process energies were appropriated in junction formation processes and full module manufacturing sequences. A brief methodology accounting for the energy of silicon wafers lost-in-processing during cell manufacturing is described.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162904 , DOE/JPL-954796-79/7
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  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The new metallization process based on Mo-Sn system was studied. The reaction mechanism of MoO3 and its mixture with Sn was examined. The basic ink composition was modified in order to obtain a low ohmic contact to the cell. The electrical characteristics of the cells were comparable with the existing metallization processes. However, in comparison with the standard processes using silver as the contacting metal, the saving obtained by the use of the new process was substantial.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162823 , DOE/JPL-955318-79/3 , JPL-9950-288
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The use of multiblade slurry sawing to produce silicon wafers from ingots was investigated. The commercially available state of the art process was improved by 20% in terms of area of silicon wafers produced from an ingot. The process was improved 34% on an experimental basis. Economic analyses presented show that further improvements are necessary to approach the desired wafer costs, mostly reduction in expendable materials costs. Tests which indicate that such reduction is possible are included, although demonstration of such reduction was not completed. A new, large capacity saw was designed and tested. Performance comparable with current equipment (in terms of number of wafers/cm) was demonstrated.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162828 , DOE/JPL-954374-79/10 , JPL-9950-272
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  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Metal screened electrodes were investigated with base metal pastes and silver systems being focused upon. Contact resistance measurements were refined. A facility allowing fixing in hydrogen and other atmospheres was acquired. Several experiments were made applying screenable pastes to solar cells. Doping investigations emphasized eutectic alloys reduced to powders. Metal systems were reviewed and base metal experiments were done with nickel and copper using lead and tin as the frit metals. Severe adhesion problems were experienced with hydrogen atmospheres in all metal systems. A two step firing schedule was devised. Aluminum-silicon and aluminum-germanium eutectic doping additions to copper pastes were tried on 2 1/4 in diameter solar cell back contacts, both with good results.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162849 , DOE/JPL-955164-79/4 , JPL-9950-287
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Several aspects of silicon wafer surface texturizing were studied. A low cost cleaning method that utilizes recycled Freon in an ultrasonic vapor degreaser to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from the surface of silicon wafers as received from silicon suppliers was investigated. The use of clean dry air and high throughout wafer batch drying techniques was shown to lower the cost of wafer drying. A two stage texturizing process was examined for suitability in large scale production. Also, an in-depth gettering study with the two stage texturizing process was performed for the enhancement of solar cell efficiency, minimization of current versus voltage curve dispersion, and improvement in process reproducibility. The 10% efficiency improvement goal was exceeded for the near term implementation of flat plate photovoltaic cost reduction.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162883 , DOE/JPL-955266-79/2
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The results of the operations analyses are reported. Some of these analyses examined operations aspects of space vehicle in-space maintenance. Many of the analyses explored in great depth operations concerned the LEO Base cargo handling operations. Personnel transportation operations and cargo packaging were also analyzed. These operations analyses were performed to define the operational requirements for all of the SPS system elements so that equipment and facilities could be synthesized, and to make estimates of the manpower requirements. An overall, integrated, end-to-end description of the SPS operations is presented. The detailed operations analyses, upon which this integrated description was based, are included.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-160480 , D180-25461-3
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  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Degradation tests indicate that electrical degradation is not a slow monotonically increasing phenomenon as originally thought but occurs abruptly as the result of some traumatic event. This finding has led to a change in the test philosophy. A discussion of this change is presented along with a summary of degradation and failure data from all the sites and results from a variety of special tests. New instrumentation for in-field measurements are described. Field testing activity was expanded by the addition of twelve remote sites located as far away as Alaska and the Canal Zone. Descriptions of the new sites are included.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162798 , JPL-PUB-80-5 , DOE/JPL-1012-38
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  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: To provide theoretical support for investigating different ways to obtain high open-circuit voltages in p-n junction silicon solar cells, an analytical treatment of heavily doped transparent-emitter devices is presented that includes the effects of bandgap narrowing, Fermi-Dirac statistics, a doping concentration gradient, and a finite surface recombination velocity at the emitter surface. Topics covered include: (1) experimental determination of bandgap narrowing in the emitter of silicon p-n junction devices; (2) heavily doped transparent regions in junction solar cells, diodes, and transistors; (3) high-low-emitter solar cell; (4) determination of lifetimes and recombination currents in p-n junction solar cells; (5) MOS and oxide-charged-induced BSF solar cells; and (6) design of high efficiency solar cells for space and terrestrial applications.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162832
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: An extensive research and development activity to reduce the cost of manufacturing photovoltaic solar arrays by a factor of approximately one hundred is discussed. Proposed and actual manufacturing process descriptions were compared to manufacturing costs. An overview of this methodology is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162745 , CONF-790451-1 , European Congr. on Operations Res.; Apr 09, 1979; Amsterdam
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  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Progress made by the Low Cost Solar Array Project during the period April through August 1979 is presented. Reports are given on project analysis and integration; technology development in silicon material, large area sheet silicon, and encapsulation; production process and equipment development; engineering and operations, and a discussion of the steps taken to integrate these efforts. A report on, and copies of viewgraphs presented at the Project Integration Meeting held August 22-23, 1979 are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162787 , JPL-PUB-79-88 , DOE/JPL-1012-29 , PR-13 , Project Integration Meeting; Jan 01, 1979
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  • 45
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Detailed technical presentations on large wind turbine research and development activities sponsored by public and private organizations are presented. Both horizontal and vertical axis machines are considered with emphasis on their structural design.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CP-2106 , CONF-7904111 , Apr 24, 1979 - Apr 26, 1979; Cleveland
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Preliminary test data on output power versus wind speed, rotor blade loads, system dynamic behavior, and start-stop characteristics on the Mod-1 wind turbine generator are presented. These data were analyzed statistically and are compared with design predictions of system performance and loads. To date, the Mod-1 wind turbine generator has produced up to 1.5 MW of power, with a measured power versus wind speed curve which agrees closely with design. Blade loads were measured at wind speeds up to 14 m/s and also during rapid shutdowns. Peak transient loads during the most severe shutdowns are less than the design limit loads. On the inboard blade sections, fatigue loads are approximately equal to the design cyclic loads. On the outboard blade sections, however, measured cyclic loads are significantly larger than design values, but they do not appear to exceed fatigue allowable loads as yet.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-81408 , DOE/NASA/1010-79/5 , E-322 , Biennial Conf. and Workshop on Wind Energy Conversion Systems; Oct 29, 1979 - Oct 31, 1979; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A number of candidate thermal energy storage system elements were identified as having the potential for the successful application of solar industrial process heat. These elements which include storage media, containment and heat exchange are shown.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-81380 , DOE/NASA/1034-79/6 , E-285 , Solar Industrial Process Heat Conf.; Oct 31, 1979 - Nov 02, 1979; Oakland, CA; United States
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  • 48
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The preliminary design for a prototype small (20 kWe) solar thermal electric generating unit was completed, consisting of several subsystems. The concentrator and the receiver collect solar energy and a thermal buffer storage with a transport system is used to provide a partially smoothed heat input to the Stirling engine. A fossil-fuel combustor is included in the receiver designs to permit operation with partial or no solar insolation (hybrid). The engine converts the heat input into mechanical action that powers a generator. To obtain electric power on a large scale, multiple solar modules will be required to operate in parallel. The small solar electric power plant used as a baseline design will provide electricity at remote sites and small communities.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162546 , DOE/JPL-1060-20 , JPL-PUB-79-107 , SAPR-3
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  • 49
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The mullite-molten silicon interaction was evaluated through fabrication of a series of bodies made with variations in density, alumina-silica ratio, and glass-crystalline ratio. The materials were tested in a sessile drop technique. None of the variations stood up to extended exposure to molten silicon sufficiently to be recommended as a container material. However, directional solidification experiments suggest that, under proper conditions, contamination of the silicon by mullite containers can be minimized. To improve an already good thermal expansion match between mullite and silicon, compositional variations were studied. Altering of the alumina-silica ratio was determined to give a continuously varying thermal expansion. A standard mullite composition was selected and substrates 40 x 4 x .040 inches were fabricated. Slotted substrates of various configurations and various compositions were also fabricated.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-162543 , DOE/JPL-954878-79/5
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The technology and economics of the large, horizontal-axis wind turbines currently in the Federal Wind Energy Program are presented. Wind turbine technology advancements made in the last several years are discussed. It is shown that, based on current projections of the costs of these machines when produced in quantity, they should be attractive for utility application. The cost of electricity (COE) produced at the busbar is shown to be a strong function of the mean wind speed at the installation site. The breakeven COE as a fuel saver is discussed and the COE range that would be generally attractive to utilities is indicated.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-79170 , E-035 , DOE/NASA/1028-79/23 , Terrest. Energy Systems Conf.; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The Mod-0A 200 wind turbine was designed and fabricated as part of the Federal Wind Energy Program. Early wind turbine operation and performance data were obtained while gaining initial experience in the operation of large, horizontal axis wind turbines in typical utility environments. The Mod-0A wind turbine was turned over to the Town of Clayton Light and Water Plant, Clayton, NM, for utility operation and on December 31, 1978, the machine had completed ten months of utility operation. The machine is described and the recent operational experience at Clayton, NMis documented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-79084 , E-9907 , DOE/NASA/1004-79/1 , Energy Technol. Conf.; Feb 26, 1979 - Feb 28, 1979; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Progress made in the development of EFG ribbon growth is discussed. Specific areas covered include: (1) demonstration of multiple growth for ribbons 5 cm wide in runs of 12 and 20 hours duration; (2) a single cartridge crystal growth station was built expanding observational capacity by virtue of an anamorphic optical-video system which allows close observation of the meniscus over 7.5 cm wide, as well as video taping of the ribbon growth process; (3) growth station no.1 achieved reproducible and reliable growth of 7.5 cm wide ribbon at speeds up to 4 cm/min; (4) introduction of the 'mini cold shoe'; (5) increases in cell efficiency due to interface shaping using the 'displaced die' concept; and (6) clarification of the role of gaseous impurities in cartridge furnaces and stabilization of their destabilizing influence on growth.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-158379 , DOE/JPL-954355-78/3
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  • 53
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Systems technology, reliability, and present and projected costs of photovoltaic systems are discussed using data derived from NASA, Lewis Research Center experience with photovoltaic systems deployed with a variety of users. Operating systems in two villages, one in Upper Volta and the other in southwestern Arizona are described. Energy cost comparisons are presented for photovoltaic systems versus alternative energy sources. Based on present system technology, reliability, and costs, photovoltaics provides a realistic energy option for developing nations.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-79097 , E-9921 , Intern. Seminar on Solar Energy; Feb 05, 1979 - Feb 10, 1979; Tokyo; Japan
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  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Materials were surveyed to provide candidates for an all metal electrode paste system. These consisted of a major constituent metal powder, a low melting metal powder suitable for a liquid phase sintering medium, and a powder material suitable as an etchant for silicon dioxide at sintering temperatures. By means of thermal gravimetric analysis a suitable binder was identified for low temperature fired inks.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-158848 , DOE/JPL-955164-79/2
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  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: An overview of the NASA activities concerning ongoing wind systems oriented toward utility application is presented. First-generation-technology large wind turbines were designed and are in operation at selected utility sites. In order to make a significant energy impact, costs of 2 to 3 cents per kilowatt hour must be achieved. The federal program continues to fund the development by industry of wind turbines which can meet the cost goals of 2 to 3 cents per kilowatt hour. Lower costs are achieved through the incorporation of new technology and innovative system design to reduce weight and increase energy capture.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-79174 , DOE/NASA/1059-79/2 , E-039 , Wild Energy Innovative Systems Conf.; May 23, 1979 - May 25, 1979; Colorado Springs, CO; United States
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The status of the use of wind information is presented in four areas, namely: operational control, design verification, power performance analysis, and lifetime estimation. Attention is given to some of the identified wind information needs and the steps taken to meet these needs.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-73832 , DOE/NASA/1004-79/16 , E-9419 , Am. Meteorological Soc.; Jun 19, 1979 - Jun 21, 1979; Portland, OR; United States
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  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Several features which were conceived and incorporated into complete redox systems that greatly enhanced its ability to be kept in proper charge balance, to be capable of internal voltage regulation, and in general be treated as a true multicell electrochemical system rather than an assembly of single cells that were wired together, were discussed. The technology status as it relates to the two application areas of solar photovoltaic/wind and distributed energy storage for electric utility applications was addressed. The cost and life advantages of redox systems were also covered.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-79186 , DOE/NASA/1002-79/4 , E-053 , Intersoc. Energy Conversion Eng. Conf.; Aug 05, 1979 - Aug 10, 1979; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Influences on ribbon quality which might be caused by various materials of construction which are used in the growth furnace were assessed. At the present level of ribbon quality, which has produced 8.5% to 9.5% efficient solar cells, no particular influence of any furnace part was detected. The experiments led to the suspicion that the general environment and the somewhat unoptimized materials handling procedures might be responsible for the current variations in ribbon quality and that, therefore, continuous work with this furnace under rather more stringent environmental conditions and operating procedures could perhaps improve materials quality to some extent. The work on the multiple furnace was continued with two multiple growth runs being performed. In these runs, the melt replenishment system performed poorly and extensive modifications to it were designed to make reliable melt feeding for five ribbon growth possible. Additional characterization techniques for wide ribbons, stress measurements, and growth dynamics experiments are reported.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-158731 , QR-1 , DOE/JPL-954355-79/1 , JPL-9950-115
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The various steps involved in the chemical polishing and etching of silicon samples are described. Data on twins, dislocation pits, and grain boundaries from thirty-one (31) silicon sample are also discussed. A brief review of the changes made to upgrade the image analysis system is included.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-158738 , QPR-4 , MRI-269 , DOE/JPL-954977-78/1
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  • 60
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Using silk screened evaporated and sputtered Al as the metal source, the formation of Al back surface fields was studied. The most satisfactory results were those obtained with the sputtered A1 and in which open circuit voltages (V sub oc) of 0.585 v (12 ohm cm FZ silicon) were achieved. The ultrasonic interconnect process is discussed. The process is shown to be satisfactory, but increased pull-strength may be obtained if some form of sintering is carried out on the metallized contacts. Plasma etching is shown to be feasible as a replacement for wet chemical cleaning prior to diffusion. Initial results on cells prepared by using electroless Pd/Ni plus either electroplated Ag or Cu show slightly poor performance than cells with the baseline evaporated Ti/Pd/Ag system. A mask designed for the 1.6 x 7.0 cm and 2.0 x 7.0 cm cells is described. This mask has a lower area coverage and total lower resistive loss than the previous mask design. It is also shown that the cell width should not exceed 2.0 - 3.0 cm for optimum efficiency.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-158727 , AR-6 , QR-6
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The impact of oxygen enrichment of the combustion air on the generator and overall plant performance was studied for the ECAS-scale MHD/steam plants. A channel optimization technique is described and the results of generator performance calculations using this technique are presented. Performance maps were generated to assess the impact of various generator parameters. Directly and separately preheated plant performance with varying O2 enrichment was calculated. The optimal level of enrichment was a function of plant type and preheat temperature. The sensitivity of overall plant performance to critical channel assumptions and oxygen plant performance characteristics was also examined.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-TM-79140 , DOE/NASA/2674-79/4 , E-9987 , Symp. on Engineering Aspects of Magnetohydrodynamics; Jun 18, 1979 - Jun 20, 1979; Butte, MT; United States
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  • 62
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper describes the procedures being used to characterize and to analyze Brayton cycle gas turbines for application in dispersed solar electrical power plants whose cost of electricity is economically viable. Three Brayton engine types are under consideration - atmospheric (an open cycle engine), subatmospheric (also an open cycle engine) and the closed cycle engine. This analysis will be utilized to identify and select suitable candidates from existing engine configurations for near-term system demonstrations and to define optimum configurations for production in the 1990 era. Engine designs are being targeted to a system specific capital cost goal of 1000 dollars per design kilowatt, a value believed to make the cost of solar generated electricity competitive.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit and Solar Energy Conference; Mar 12, 1979 - Mar 15, 1979; San Diego, CA
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  • 63
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The NASA Tech House was designed and constructed at the Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va., to demonstrate and evaluate new technology potentially applicable for conservation of energy and resources and for improvements in safety and security in a single-family residence. All technology items, including solar energy systems and a waste water reuse system, were evaluated under actual living conditions for a one-year period with a family of four living in the house in their normal life style. Results are presented which show overall savings in energy and resources compared to requirements for a defined similar conventional house under the same conditions. Also included are general operational experience and performance data for all the various items and systems of technology incorporated into the house design.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 79-0987 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Terrestrial Energy Systems Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
    Format: text
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  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper summarizes the elements of photovoltaic power system and clarifies the terminology currently used. The relationship of system efficiency and cost is described particularly for the Balance of Photovoltaic System (BOPS) area. The current status of the BOPS development activity is described. The photovoltaic systems terminology is found to be on the road to standardization. Power conditioning, energy storage, and support structure are found to be BOPS cost and/or efficiency drivers. Although the current BOPS activity has identified low-cost/high-efficiency components, further development work is necessary.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 79-0983 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Terrestrial Energy Systems Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
    Format: text
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  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The technology and economics of the large, horizontal-axis wind turbines currently in the Federal Wind Energy Program are presented. Wind turbine technology advancements made in the last several years are discussed. It is shown that, based on current projections of the costs of these machines when produced in quantity, they should be attractive for utility application. The cost of electricity (COE) produced at the busbar is shown to be a strong function of the mean wind speed at the installation site. The breakeven COE as a 'fuel saver' is discussed and the COE range that would be generally attractive to utilities is indicated.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 79-0965 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Terrestrial Energy Systems Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
    Format: text
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  • 66
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A low-cost, high-efficiency dish-Stirling solar thermal-electric power system is being developed for test in 1981. System components are the solar concentrator, receiver, fossil fuel combustor, thermal energy storage (TES), engine-generator, and power processing. System conceptualization is completed and design is in progress. Two receiver alternatives are being evaluated, a direct-coupled receiver-engine configuration with no TES and a heat pipe receiver with TES. System cost projections are being made. Goals for the system development task are (1) to develop an advanced dish-Stirling technology, utilizing a team of industrial contractors, (2) to demonstrate that technology at the system level, and (3) to determine how to achieve low production cost.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 79-1009 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Terrestrial Energy Systems Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
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  • 67
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: High efficiency solar cells required for the low cost modules was developed. The production tooling for the manufacture of the cells and modules was designed. The tooling consisted of: (1) back contact soldering machine; (2) vacuum pickup; (3) antireflective coating tooling; and (4) test fixture.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-158672 , QR-1 , DOE/JPL-955217-79/4
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The initial effort on feasibility of the closed cycle process was begun with the design of the two major items of untested equipment, the silicon tetrachloride by product converter and the rotary drum reactor for deposition of silicon from trichlorosilane. The design criteria of the initial laboratory equipment included consideration of the reaction chemistry, thermodynamics, and other technical factors. Design and construction of the laboratory equipment was completed. Preliminary silicon tetrachloride conversion experiments confirmed the expected high yield of trichlorosilane, up to 98 percent of theoretical conversion. A preliminary solar-grade polysilicon cost estimate, including capital costs considered extremely conservative, of $6.91/kg supports the potential of this approach to achieve the cost goal. The closed cycle process appears to have a very likely potential to achieve LSA goals.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-158677 , TI-03-79-17 , DOE/JPL-955006-79/2
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  • 69
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A combination of monthly progress reports are presented. It contains a summary of activities and progress made from November 1, 1978, to February 28, 1979. The effort calls for the development, manufacture, test, system installation, maintenance, problem resolution, and performance evaluation.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-161204
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 70
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper summarizes developments in ultrathin, (50 micron), silicon solar cells for high power-to-weight ratio space power systems. The fabrication technology developments included uniformly thinning oriented silicon slices, enhancement of internal reflection, optimizing high-temperature processes, surface texturing and back surface field enhancement. The best textured-surface ultrathin cells have achieved 14.3% AMO efficiency, while pilot-manufacturing quantities of smooth-surfaced cells have been fabricated with efficiencies of 12%. Data are presented on cell structure, fabrication collection efficiencies and optical properties.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 05, 1979 - Aug 10, 1979; Boston, MA
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  • 71
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper presents methods of incorporating ultrathin silicon solar cells into photovoltaic blankets for space applications. This type of cell has the highest power-to-mass ratio and best performance under space radiation of any silicon solar cell. Interconnect materials and designs, and the results of the investigation of the applicability of parallel-gap resistance welding for interconnecting ultrathin cells are discussed. Data relating contact pull strength and cell electrical degradation to welding parameters such as time, voltage, and pressure are presented. Methods for bonding ultrathin cells to flexible substrates and for bonding thin covers to these cells are described, and the results of vacuum thermal cycling and thermal soak tests on prototype ultrathin cell test coupons are included.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 05, 1979 - Aug 10, 1979; Boston, MA
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  • 72
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Technology deficiencies, adequacy of current programs, and recommendations for reducing the testing and risks involved in future orbital energy systems made at the NASA Symposium are summarized. Photovoltaic space power system problems, including structural dynamics and attitude control problems due to solar array flexing; solar cell radiation resistance, manufacturing capability, and cost reduction; solar arrays including inflatable arrays, spectrum selection to increase efficiency, and polymer coatings for cells; battery technology; the endurance data base for fuel cell and electrolysis technology, and power management were discussed. Other topics considered were laser/microwave power transmission, thermal management, nuclear power systems, and environmental interactions. It was concluded that a 'front end' system study is needed in each area and current programs for multi-hundred-kW power systems are underscoped.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 05, 1979 - Aug 10, 1979; Boston, MA
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  • 73
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The Mod-OA 200 kW Wind Turbine was designed and fabricated by the Lewis Research Center of the NASA under the direction of the U.S. Department of Energy. The project is a part of the Federal Wind Energy Program and is designed to obtain early wind turbine operation and performance data while gaining initial experience in the operation of large, horizontal axis wind turbines in typical utility environments. On March 6, 1978, the Mod-OA wind turbine was turned over to the Town of Clayton Light and Water Plant, Clayton, NM, for utility operation and on December 31, 1978 the machine had completed ten months of utility operation. This paper describes the machine and documents the recent operational experience at Clayton, NM.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Workshop on Economic and Operational Requirements and Status of Large Scale Wind Systems; Mar 28, 1979 - Mar 30, 1979; Monterey, CA
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  • 74
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Some basic technical approaches to producing hydrogen from solar energy are surveyed. Solar energy forms are divided into: (1) direct solar radiation and (2) indirect forms such as wind and ocean thermal gradient. Technical approaches are separated into: (1) direct hydrogen production from the action of sunlight on some substrate, (2) hydrogen production from sunlight via an intermediate form of energy such as heat and electricity, and (3) hydrogen production from indirect solar energy via an intermediate energy form. It is concluded that while hydrogen from solar energy will be expensive by present standards, the depletion of fossil fuels will cause solar hydrogen to emerge as one of the few alternatives to a nuclear-electric or nuclear-electric-hydrogen energy system.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Hydrogen for energy distribution; Symposium; Jul 24, 1978 - Jul 28, 1978; Chicago, IL
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  • 75
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A study of hydrogen in the U.S. program performed by the Hydrogen Energy Systems Technology (HEST) investigation is reported. Historic production and use of hydrogen, hydrogen use projections, hydrogen supply, economics of hydrogen production and supply, and future research and development needs are discussed. The study found current U.S. hydrogen utilization to be dominated by chemical and petroleum industries, and to represent 3% of total energy consumption. Hydrogen uses are projected to grow by a factor of 5 to 20 during the remainder of this century, and new applications in synthetic fuel from coal manufacture and directly as energy storage or fuel are expected to develop. The study concluded that development of new methods of supplying hydrogen replacing natural gas and petroleum feedstocks with alternate sources such as coal and heavy oils, and electrolysis techniques is imperative.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Hydrogen for energy distribution; Symposium; Jul 24, 1978 - Jul 28, 1978; Chicago, IL
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  • 76
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: A program to investigate the reliability characteristics of unencapsulated low-cost terrestrial solar cells using accelerated stress testing is described. Reliability (or parametric degradation) factors appropriate to the cell technologies and use conditions were studied and a series of accelerated stress tests was synthesized. An electrical measurement procedure and a data analysis and management system was derived, and stress test fixturing and material flow procedures were set up after consideration was given to the number of cells to be stress tested and measured and the nature of the information to be obtained from the process. Selected results and conclusions are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: SOUTHEASTCON ''79; Region 3 Conference and Exhibit; Apr 01, 1979 - Apr 04, 1979; Roanoke, VA
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  • 77
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The most important single electrical parameter characterizing solar cell performance is Pm, the cell's maximum power output. In order to experimentally determine Pm it is necessary accurately to control both illumination and cell temperature during measurements. Two quite different measurement approaches can be used: an equilibrium method and a transient flash method. Both techniques are discussed in the paper in detail.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: SOUTHEASTCON ''79; Region 3 Conference and Exhibit; Apr 01, 1979 - Apr 04, 1979; Roanoke, VA
    Format: text
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  • 78
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The paper discusses the approach of the JPL Point Focusing Thermal and Electric Power Applications Project to selecting and developing applications for point-focusing distributed-receiver solar thermal electric power systems. Six application categories are defined. Results of application studies of U.S. utilities are presented. The economic value of solar thermal power systems was found to range from $900 to $2100/kWe in small community utilities of the Southwest.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 79-1005 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Terrestrial Energy Systems Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
    Format: text
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The energy use and costs of the on-site integrated energy system (OS/IES) which provides electric power from an on-site power plant and recovers heat that would normally be rejected to the environment is compared to a conventional system purchasing electricity from a utility and a phosphoric acid fuel cell powered system. The analysis showed that for a 500-unit apartment complex a fuel OS/IES would be about 10% more energy conservative in terms of total coal consumption than a diesel OS/IES system or a conventional system. The fuel cell OS/IES capital costs could be 30 to 55% greater than the diesel OS/IES capital costs for the same life cycle costs. The life cycle cost of a fuel cell OS/IES would be lower than that for a conventional system as long as the cost of electricity is greater than $0.05 to $0.065/kWh. An analysis of several parametric combinations of fuel cell power plant and state-of-art energy recovery systems and annual fuel requirement calculations for four locations were made. It was shown that OS/IES component choices are a major factor in fuel consumption, with the least efficient system using 25% more fuel than the most efficient. Central air conditioning and heat pumps result in minimum fuel consumption while individual air conditioning units increase it, and in general the fuel cell of highest electrical efficiency has the lowest fuel consumption.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 79-0990 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Terrestrial Energy Systems Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
    Format: text
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  • 80
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The redox flow cell energy storage system being developed by NASA for use in remote power systems and distributed storage installations for electric utilities is presented. The system under consideration is an electrochemical storage device which utilizes the oxidation and reduction of two fully soluble redox couples (acidified chloride solutions of chromium and iron) as active electrode materials separated by a highly selective ion exchange membrane. The reactants are contained in large storage tanks and pumped through a stack of redox flow cells where the electrochemical reactions take place at porous carbon felt electrodes. Redox equipment has allowed the incorporation of state of charge readout, stack voltage control and system capacity maintenance (rebalance) devices to regulate cells in a stack jointly. A 200 W, 12 V system with a capacity of about 400 Wh has been constructed, and a 2 kW, 10kWh system is planned.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 79-0989 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Terrestrial Energy Systems Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
    Format: text
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  • 81
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), an effective way to characterize the thermal performance of a photovoltaic module in natural sunlight, is developed. NOCT measurements for more than twenty different modules are presented. Changes in NOCT reflect changes in module design, residential roof mounting, and dirt accumulation. Other test results show that electrical performance is improved by cooling modules with water and by use of a phase change wax. Electrical degradation resulting from the marriage of photovoltaic and solar water heating modules is demonstrated. Cost-effectiveness of each of these techniques is evaluated.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 79-0980 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Terrestrial Energy Systems Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
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  • 82
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper addresses the potential for enhanced solar system performance through sophisticated control of the collector loop flow rate. Computer simulations utilizing the TRNSYS solar energy program were performed to study the relative effect on system performance of eight specific control algorithms. Six of these control algorithms are of the proportional type: two are concave exponentials, two are simple linear functions, and two are convex exponentials. These six functions are typical of what might be expected from future, more advanced, controllers. The other two algorithms are of the on/off type and are thus typical of existing control devices. Results of extensive computer simulations utilizing actual weather data indicate that proportional control does not significantly improve system performance. However, it is shown that thermal stratification in the liquid storage tank may significantly improve performance.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 79-0977 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Terrestrial Energy Systems Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
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  • 83
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The paper presents an overview of the NASA activities in large horizontal axis wind turbine development. First generation technology large wind turbines (Mod-0A, Mod-1) have been designed and are in operation at selected utility sites. Second generation machines (Mod-2) are scheduled to begin operations on a utility site in 1980. These machines are estimated to generate electricity at less than 4 cents/kWh when manufactured in modest production rates. Meanwhile, plans are being made to continue developing wind turbines which can meet the cost goals of 2 to 3 cents/kWh.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Workshop on Economic and Operational Requirements and Status of Large Scale Wind Systems; Mar 28, 1979 - Mar 30, 1979; Monterey, CA
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The ATS 6 solar cell radiation damage experiment data through 2 1/3 years of synchronous orbit operation are presented. Comparisons are made of the performances of the 13 different types of solar cell/cover configurations, including solar cell and cover thickness variations, base resistivity variation, new cover processes and materials, and the COMSAT violet cell. These performances are also compared to the performance of the LES 6 solar cell experiment, the ATS 6 main solar arrays, and laboratory spectrum electron irradiations. It is found that the cells of the ATS 6 experiment generally performed as expected through 6 to 9 months in orbit, but that at 2 1/3 years they were severely degraded in current. The short circuit current degradation after 2 1/3 years in orbit appears to exhibit an anomalous additional degradation of 5 to 9 percent over what was experienced in synchronous orbit operation.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-159949
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 85
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The paper comments on published and projected thermionic-energy-conversion (TEC) performance trends. This commentary includes graphs and an appendix relating TEC performance parameters, plots of predicted and actual TEC trends, a figure relating projected cost of electricity to overall efficiency for TEC topping, and a discussion of the implications of these relationships.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: International Conference on Plasma Science; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Montreal; Canada
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The reduction of nonuniformities in the intensity distribution of light focused on a photovoltaic array by a compound parabolic concentrator is investigated. The introduction of small distortions into the surfaces of the reflector in order to diffuse the incident collimated light to fill the angular acceptance of the concentrator is calculated by means of ray tracing to decrease the irradiance nonuniformity at the cost of a lowered effective concentration of the concentrator. Measurements of the intensity distribution on a scale test model in terrestrial sunlight with corrugated aluminized mylar reflectors are shown to be in good agreement with the ray tracing results. A two-stage concentrator consisting of a focusing primary and a nonimaging secondary is also shown to result in a fairly uniform intensity distribution except in the case of a 4-deg incidence angle, which may be corrected by the introduction of distortions into one or both concentration stages.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Sun II; May 28, 1979 - Jun 01, 1979; Atlanta, GA
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  • 87
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Thermic diode solar panels are a passive method of space and hot water heating using the thermosyphon principle. Simplified methods of sizing and performing economic analyses of solar heating systems had until now been limited to passive systems. A mathematical model of the thermic diode including its high level of stratification has been constructed allowing its performance characteristics to be studied. Further analysis resulted in a thermic diode design manual based on the f-chart method.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Sun II; May 28, 1979 - Jun 01, 1979; Atlanta, GA
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The paper summarizes the mathematical analysis and presents the experimental results for a vee-trough/evacuated tube collector (VTETC). Test results reported represent the performance of the VTETC based on an aperture area. The effectiveness of vee-trough reflectors is demonstrated by comparing the useful heat collected by a receiver tube with and without concentrators.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Sun II; May 28, 1979 - Jun 01, 1979; Atlanta, GA
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  • 89
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This bibliographic series cites and abstracts the literature and technical papers on the heating and cooling of buildings with solar thermal energy. Over 650 citations are arranged in the following categories: space heating and cooling systems; space heating and cooling models; building energy conservation; architectural considerations, thermal load computations; thermal load measurements, domestic hot water, solar and atmospheric radiation, swimming pools; and economics.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-163535 , PB80-174030 , TAC-STHC-79-002
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  • 90
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-163811 , PB80-115215 , TAC-STHC-79-001
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 91
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-163810 , PB80-174006 , TAC-STC-79-002
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 92
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Point focus distributed receiver solar thermal technology for the production of electric power and of industrial process heat is discussed. Thermal power systems are described. Emphasis is on the development of cost effective systems which will accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of plants, using parabolic dish collectors. The characteristics of PFDR systems and the cost targets for major subsystems hardware are identified. Markets for this technology and their size are identified, and expected levelized bus bar energy costs as a function of yearly production level are presented. The present status of the technology development effort is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-163804 , Workshop for Potential Military and Civil Users of Small Solar Thermal Elec. Power Technol.; Sep 11, 1979 - Sep 14, 1979; McLean, VA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Background and objectives used for the Workshop for Potential Military and Civil Users for Small Solar Thermal Electric Power Technologies are discussed. A summary of the results and conclusions developed at the workshop regarding small solar thermal electric power technologies is included.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-163803 , Workshop for Potential Military and Civil Users of Small Solar Thermal Elec. Power Technol.; Sep 11, 1979 - Sep 14, 1979; McLean, VA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 94
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Thin films of electron beam evaporated silicon were deposited on molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten and molybdenum disilicide under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Mass spectra from a quadrapole residual gas analyzer were used to determine the partial pressure of 13 residual gases during each processing step. Surface contamination and interdiffusion were monitored by in situ Auger electron spectrometry. The presence of phosphorus in the silicon was responsible for attaining elevated temperatures with silicide formations. Heteroepitaxial silicon growth was sensitive to the presence of oxygen during deposition, the rate and length of deposition as well as the substrate orientation.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-163683 , IS-4723
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  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-163247 , DOE/JPL-995089-80/6 , QR-5
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  • 96
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The Federal Photovoltaics Program is reviewed with reference to price goals, program organization, technical developments, and various applications. The immediate goals of the program are: (1) to develop the Federal market by encouraging Government agencies to incorporate photovoltaic systems, and (2) to provide marketing support to commercial solar cell and system manufacturers whose growth is crucial to the ultimate success of the photovoltaic program. The program will initially provide for procurement of the smaller remote types of systems and will be broadened to include residential and intermediate load systems.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Photovoltaic solar energy conversion; Sep 28, 1979; London
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  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The paper describes the designs, hardware, and installations of NASA photovoltaic power systems in the village of Schuchuli in Arizona and Tangaye in Upper Volta, Africa. The projects were designed to demonstrate that current photovoltaic system technology can provide electrical power for domestic services for small, remote communities. The Schuchuli system has a 3.5 kW peak solar array which provides power for water pumping, a refrigerator for each family, lights, and community washing and sewing machines. The 1.8 kW Tangaye system provides power for pumping, flour milling, and lights in the milling building. Both are stand-alone systems operated by local personnel, and they are monitored by NASA to measure design adequacy and refine future designs.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference; Apr 23, 1979 - Apr 26, 1979; Berlin
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  • 98
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: New qualification tests have been developed for flat plate photovoltaic modules. Temperature cycling, cyclic pressure load, and humidity exposure are especially useful for detecting design and fabrication deficiencies. There is positive correlation between many of the observed field effects, such as power loss, and qualification test induced degradation. The status of research efforts for the development of test methodology for field-related problems is reviewed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference; Apr 23, 1979 - Apr 26, 1979; Berlin
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  • 99
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The paper presents a generalized methodology for identification and evaluation of potential degradation and failure of terrestrial photovoltaic encapsulation. Failure progression modeling and an interaction matrix are utilized to complement the conventional approach to failure degradation mode identification. Comparison of the predicted performance based on these models can produce: (1) constraints on system or component design, materials or operating conditions, (2) qualification (predicted satisfactory function), and (3) uncertainty. The approach has been applied to an investigation of an unexpected delamination failure; it is being used to evaluate thermomechanical interactions in photovoltaic modules and to study corrosion of contacts and interconnects.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference; Apr 23, 1979 - Apr 26, 1979; Berlin
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  • 100
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Multilayer grid patterns consist of fine closely spaced grid lines overlaid by coarser patterns of wider and thicker grid lines to collect the current from the finer grids with low series voltage drop and low active-layer sheet losses. An analytical approach leads to closed form solutions with simple relationships between the power losses in the active layer, in the grid and shadowing losses for optimum design proportions. The results show that multilayer grids, with line thickness equal to line width, greatly reduce losses in cell efficiency under concentration conditions of high current collection. (AlGa)As-pn GaAs cells of areas 1-25 sq cm and sheet resistance 40 ohms/square are considered. Also the performance of a n/p GaAs cell of dimensions 10 x 10 cm is studied. With optimized grid patterns high efficiencies are predicted for large area cells.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference; Apr 23, 1979 - Apr 26, 1979; Berlin
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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