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  • 1
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    Phase 2 of the array automated assembly task for the low cost solar array project (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The process sequence for the fabrication of dendritic web silicon into solar panels was modified to include aluminum back surface field formation. Plasma etching was found to be a feasible technique for pre-diffusion cleaning of the web. Several contacting systems were studied. The total plated Pd-Ni system was not compatible with the process sequence; however, the evaporated TiPd-electroplated Cu system was shown stable under life testing. Ultrasonic bonding parameters were determined for various interconnect and contact metals but the yield of the process was not sufficiently high to use for module fabrication at this time. Over 400 solar cells were fabricated according to the modified sequence. No sub-process incompatibility was seen. These cells were used to fabricate four demonstration modules. A cost analysis of the modified process sequence resulted in a selling price of $0.75/peak watt.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162628 , DOE/JPL-954873-79/08
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Array Automated Assembly Task for the Low Cost Solar Array Project, Phase 2 (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Using silk screened evaporated and sputtered Al as the metal source, the formation of Al back surface fields was studied. The most satisfactory results were those obtained with the sputtered A1 and in which open circuit voltages (V sub oc) of 0.585 v (12 ohm cm FZ silicon) were achieved. The ultrasonic interconnect process is discussed. The process is shown to be satisfactory, but increased pull-strength may be obtained if some form of sintering is carried out on the metallized contacts. Plasma etching is shown to be feasible as a replacement for wet chemical cleaning prior to diffusion. Initial results on cells prepared by using electroless Pd/Ni plus either electroplated Ag or Cu show slightly poor performance than cells with the baseline evaporated Ti/Pd/Ag system. A mask designed for the 1.6 x 7.0 cm and 2.0 x 7.0 cm cells is described. This mask has a lower area coverage and total lower resistive loss than the previous mask design. It is also shown that the cell width should not exceed 2.0 - 3.0 cm for optimum efficiency.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-158727 , AR-6 , QR-6
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Solar cells and modules from dentritic web silicon (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Some of the noteworthy features of the processes developed in the fabrication of solar cell modules are the handling of long lengths of web, the use of cost effective dip coating of photoresist and antireflection coatings, selective electroplating of the grid pattern and ultrasonic bonding of the cell interconnect. Data on the cells is obtained by means of dark I-V analysis and deep level transient spectroscopy. A histogram of over 100 dentritic web solar cells fabricated in a number of runs using different web crystals shows an average efficiency of over 13%, with some efficiencies running above 15%. Lower cell efficiency is generally associated with low minority carrier time due to recombination centers sometimes present in the bulk silicon. A cost analysis of the process sequence using a 25 MW production line indicates a selling price of $0.75/peak watt in 1986. It is concluded that the efficiency of dentritic web cells approaches that of float zone silicon cells, reduced somewhat by the lower bulk lifetime of the former.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Photovoltaic Specialists Conference; Jan 07, 1980 - Jan 10, 1980; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Phase 2 of the Array Automated Assembly Task for the Low Cost Solar Array Project (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Two process specifications supplied by contractors were tested. The aluminum silk screening process resulted in cells comparable to those from sputtered Al. The electroless plating of contacts specification could be used only with extensive modification. Several experiments suggest that there is some degradation of the front junction during the Al back surface field (BSF) fabrication. A revised process sequence was defined which incorporates Al BSF formation. A cost analysis of this process yielded a selling price of $0.75/watt peak in 1980.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-162131 , QR-7 , DOE/JPL-954873-79/07
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Phase Two of the Array Automated Assembly Task for the Low Cost Solar Array Project (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Various top contact metal systems were studied. Only Ti Pd Cu approaches baseline (Ti Pd Ag) quality, but this system shows a lack of long term stability. Aluminum back surface field structures were fabricated and thicknesses of p superscript + material of up to 7.0 microns were achieved with open circuit voltages of 0.59V. A general purpose ultrasonic welder was purchased and tests using various metal foils are under way. During fabrication of the demonstration module, several cells became cracked. Due to redundancy of interconnections, the module was not open circuited but the efficiency was reduced to 8.8%. The broken cell was interconnected with a strap across the back and the efficiency was increased to 11.5%. A cost analysis was made and the results indicate a selling price of $0.56/watt peak (in 1986 with 1975 dollars).
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-158359 , QR-5
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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