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  • Female  (216)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (216)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (94)
  • 1975-1979  (122)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1982  (94)
  • 1978  (122)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (216)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (94)
  • 1975-1979  (122)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Reversible cerebral atrophy in recently abstinent chronic alcoholics measured by computed tomography scans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-02
    Description: Eight chronic alcoholics received repeated computed tomography scans. Four, who maintained abstinence and functionally improved, showed partially reversible cerebral atrophy. Two nonabstinent patients and two abstinent patients who had completed functional improvement before the first scan showed no change in atrophy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlen, P L -- Wortzman, G -- Holgate, R C -- Wilkinson, D A -- Rankin, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 2;200(4345):1076-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alcoholism/*pathology/radiography/therapy ; Atrophy ; Brain/*pathology/radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Sex pheromone of the tsetse fly: isolation, identification, and synthesis of contact aphrodisiacs (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-25
    Description: Sex pheromones isolated from the cuticle of the female tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, release mating behavior in the male fly at ultrashort range or upon contact with baited decoys. Three active components were identified as 15,19-dimethylheptatriacontane, 17,21-dimethylheptatriacontane, and 15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane. Chemical and biological comparisons show that the natural and synthetic compounds are identical.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlson, D A -- Langley, P A -- Huyton, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 25;201(4357):750-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/675256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Male ; Pheromones/*isolation & purification ; Sex Attractants/chemical synthesis/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Tsetse Flies/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Sulfhydryl groups and the monodeiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-24
    Description: Sulfhydryl reagents exert a profound influence on the monodeiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine by rat and sheep tissues in vitro. A marked dithiothreitol-induced increase in the monodeiodination by fetal sheep liver homogenates suggests that the characteristically low conversion in fetal tissues is related more to the status of sulfhydryl groups than to a deficiency of the monodeiodinating enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chopra, I J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 24;199(4331):904-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dithiothreitol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*metabolism ; Liver/embryology/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sheep ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/*metabolism ; Sulfhydryl Reagents/pharmacology ; Thyroxine/*metabolism ; Triiodothyronine/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Dieldrin-induced mortality in an endangered species, the gray bat (Myotis grisescens) (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Brains of juvenile gray bats, Myotis grisescens, found dead beneath maternity roosts in two Missouri caves contained lethal concentrations of dieldrin. One colony appeared to be abnormally small, and more dead bats were found a year after the juvenile bats had been collected. This is the first report to link the field mortality of bats directly to insecticide residues acquired through the food chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, D R Jr -- LaVal, R K -- Swineford, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1357-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/564550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldrin/adverse effects ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Brain Chemistry ; *Chiroptera ; Dieldrin/*adverse effects/analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Lactation ; Male ; Missouri ; Pesticide Residues ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Selective inhibition of tubulin synthesis by amiprophos methyl during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas reinhardi (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-27
    Description: Amiprophos methyl (APM) is a strong, readily reversible and highly selective inhibitor of tubulin synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. The extensive induction of tubulin synthesis that accompanies flagellar regeneration in this organism is prevented by 3 to 10 micrometerAPM. When applied after induction has begun, APM causes a rapid cessation of tubulin synthesis. Translation studies in vitro indicate that the lack of tubulin production in APM-treated cells is not due to a direct inhibition of tubulin messenger RNA translation but rather to a selective depletion of tubulin messenger RNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collis, P S -- Weeks, D P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 27;202(4366):440-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/568309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas/ultrastructure ; Depression, Chemical ; Female ; Flagella/physiology/ultrastructure ; Glycoproteins/*biosynthesis ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds/*pharmacology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Regeneration/drug effects ; Tubulin/*biosynthesis ; Zygote/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Rejection of male skin grafts by splenectomized female mice (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Female mice of the C3H strain normally do not reject skin grafts from males of the same strain; however, 40 percent of splenectomized C3H female mice completely rejected C3H male skin grafts applied 2 weeks later. All splenectomized females showed at least transitory signs of graft rejection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coons, T A -- Goldberg, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):320-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/345443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Graft Rejection ; *Histocompatibility Antigens ; Immunosuppression ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H/immunology ; Skin Transplantation ; Spleen/*immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Functional plasticity in the immature striate cortex of the monkey shown by the [14C]deoxyglucose method (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Autoradiographic representation of the local rates of cerebral glucose utilization and local cerebral functional activity by means of the [14C]deoxyglucose technique reveals the existence of the ocular dominance columns in the striate cortex of the monkey in the first day of life. In contrast to the stability of these columns in more mature brain, monocular deprivation for 3 months from the first day of life results in their complete disappearance and a reversion of the autoradiographic pattern to that seen in animals with normal binocular vision. These results are consistent with a reorganization of the representation of the visual fields of the two eyes in the striate cortex and provide additional evidence of the plasticity of the striate cortex of the monkey in early life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Des Rosiers, M H -- Sakurada, O -- Jehle, J -- Shinohara, M -- Kennedy, C -- Sokoloff, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):447-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cell Differentiation ; Deoxy Sugars/*metabolism ; Deoxyglucose/*metabolism ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Male ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/physiology ; Visual Pathways/*cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Hepatitis B virus and sex ratio of offspring (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drew, J S -- London, W T -- Lustbader, E D -- Hesser, J E -- Blumberg, B S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 25;201(4357):687-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/566954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Birth Order ; Cross Reactions ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Graft Survival ; Hepatitis B/immunology/*physiopathology/transmission ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Sex Factors ; *Sex Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Lymphocyte ecto-5'-nucleotidase deficiency in agammaglobulinemia (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-18
    Description: Fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes from eight patients with congenital agammaglobulinemia demonstrate reduced ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity when compared to the mean activity of normal subjects and patients with other forms of immunoglobulin deficiency. A specific defect of ecto-5'-nucleotidase is further suggested by normal values for lymphocyte ecto-adenosinetriphosphatase and ecto-nonspecific phosphatase. The data provide evidence for an enzyme deficiency in this X-linked, B lymphocyte deficiency syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, N L -- Magilavy, D B -- Cassidy, J T -- Fox, I H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 18;201(4356):628-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agammaglobulinemia/*enzymology/genetics ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; IgA Deficiency ; Lymphocytes/*enzymology ; Male ; Nucleotidases/blood/*deficiency ; Rosette Formation ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Saturnine gout: lead-induced formation of guanine crystals (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Intravenous injection of a sublethal dose of lead acetate into a domestic pig resulted in a 4.5-fold increase of guanine in the urine, indicating an impairment in the conversion of guanine to xanthine. This impairment is probably due to the inhibition of guanine aminohydrolase (guanase), since the activity of this enzyme is inhibited by Pb2+ (the inhibition constant being 3.0 X 10(-6)M). Postmortem histological examination revealed concretions of crystalline material in the epiphyseal plate of the femoral head. Extraction of the section containing the concretions showed that they were guanine. The relation of these findings to saturnine gout is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farkas, W R -- Stanawitz, T -- Schneider, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):786-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Femur Head/pathology ; Gout/chemically induced/*metabolism/pathology ; Guanine/*biosynthesis/urine ; Lead/*adverse effects ; Swine ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Population, food intake, and fertility. There is historical evidence for a direct effect of nutrition on reproductive ability (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frisch, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):22-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Population Sciences and Center for Population Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Birth Intervals ; Birth Rate ; Contraceptive Devices ; *Diet ; England ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; *Fertility ; Growth ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; Male ; *Malnutrition ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Scotland ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Bone marrow origin of hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) in humans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-08
    Description: Hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) from two male recipients of bone marrow transplants from females were studied for fluorescent Y body staining and sex chromatin (Barr body). After the transplant, macrophages had the sex karyotype of the donor, indicating that human hepatic macrophages originate in bone marrow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gale, R P -- Sparkes, R S -- Golde, D W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 8;201(4359):937-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/356266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; *Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease/immunology ; Humans ; Kupffer Cells/*cytology ; Male ; Transplantation, Homologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Estrogen formation in the early rabbit embryo (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-13
    Description: Androgen formation (3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity) was detectable in the rabbit blastocyst on day 5 of gestation (before implantation); estrogen formation was first detectable on day 7. The capacity to form estrogen on the day of implantation suggests that estrogen formation in the blastocyst may play a role in the implantation process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, F W -- Wilson, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 13;199(4325):200-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/579477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/*metabolism ; Androgens/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Blastocyst/*metabolism ; *Embryo Implantation ; Embryonic Development ; Estradiol/*biosynthesis ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Discrimination of intermediate sounds in a synthetic call continuum by female green tree frogs (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-10
    Description: Male Hyla cinerea produce two distinctive calls. Acoustically intermediate calls are rare. Females discriminate between synthetic intermediates that differ by one cycle of amplitude modulation (50 per second). Processing appears to be continuous. The tree frog's auditory system thus provides a wide margin for the discrimination of its two principal signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerhardt, H C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 10;199(4333):1089-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/*physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Sound ; *Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Morton's ranking of races by cranial capacity. Unconscious manipulation of data may be a scientific norm (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: Samuel George Morton, self-styled objective empiricist, amassed the world's largest pre-Darwinian collection of human skulls. He measured their capacity and produced the results anticipated in an age when few Caucasians doubted their innate superiority: whites above Indians, blacks at the bottom. Morton published all his raw data, and it is shown here that his summary tables are based on a patchwork of apparently unconscious finagling. When his data are properly reinterpreted, all races have approximately equal capacities. Unconscious or dimly perceived finagling is probably endemic in science, since scientists are human beings rooted in cultural contexts, not automatons directed toward external truth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gould, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):503-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/347573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cephalometry/*history ; *Continental Population Groups ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; Indians, North American ; Indians, South American ; *Intelligence ; Male ; Sex Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 16
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    Endorphins: naloxone fails to alter experimental pain or mood in humans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-10
    Description: In 30 human subjects, experimental pain was produced by either ischemia or cold-water immersion. In a double-blind procedure, intravenous doses of up to 10 milligrams of naloxone hydrochloride in saline were indistinguishable from similarly administered saline alone. There were no effects on subjective pain ratings, finger plethysmograph recordings, or responses to mood-state questionnaires. These laboratory procedures do not activate any functionally significant pain-attenuating or mood-altering effect of endorphins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grevert, P -- Goldstein, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 10;199(4333):1093-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/343250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Double-Blind Method ; Emotions/*drug effects ; Endorphins/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus from overwintering Culex pipiens mosquitoes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Two strains of St. Louis encephalitis virus were isolated from overwintering mosquitoes collected in Maryland and Pennsylvania during January and February 1977. There isolations from Culex pipiens constitute evidence that a mosquito-borne flavivirus can persist in a vector mosquito in temperate climates during the winter season.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bailey, C L -- Eldridge, B F -- Hayes, D E -- Watts, D M -- Tammariello, R F -- Dalrymple, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1346-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culex/*microbiology ; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/*isolation & purification ; Encephalitis Viruses/*isolation & purification ; Female ; Insect Vectors/*microbiology ; Maryland ; Pennsylvania ; Seasons
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Decrease of human serum fucosyltransferase as an indicator of successful tumor therapy (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: Surgical removal of colon carcinomas leads to a decrease in the rate of incorporation of [14C]fucose into its endogenous acceptor in human serum; normal incorporation rates are attained within 14 days. A similar time course has been determined for alpha2- and alpha3-fucosyltransferase when either desialo- or desialodegalactofetuin are employed as exogenous acceptors. A correlation has also been seen between transferase activity and the therapeutic response of patients with breast cancer. These results indicate that the determination of fucosyltransferase activity can facilitate the diagnosis of neoplasia, and the success of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bauer, C H -- Reutter, W G -- Erhart, K P -- Kottgen, E -- Gerok, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1232-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/*therapy ; Carcinoma/blood/*surgery ; Colonic Neoplasms/blood/*surgery ; Female ; Fucosyltransferases/*blood ; Hexosyltransferases/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged
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    Abnormal auditory evoked potentials in early infancy malnutrition (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-08-04
    Description: Computer-averaged auditory evoked potentials were found to be abnormal in infants hospitalized because of severe malnutrition (marasmus). They improved as the infants' somatic growth improved during the course of treatment, but were still deviant at the time of discharge from the hospital and at subsequent outpatient follow-up. Abnormalities in evoked potentials may reflect a long-lasting effect of malnutrition on brain function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnet, A B -- Weiss, I P -- Sotillo, M V -- Ohlrich, E S -- Shkurovich, M -- Cravioto, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 4;201(4354):450-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/96529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Auditory Cortex/*physiopathology ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Protein-Energy Malnutrition/*physiopathology ; Sex Factors ; Sleep/physiology
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  • 20
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    Inherited medullary thyroid carcinoma: a final monoclonal mutation in one of multiple clones of susceptible cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: Inherited medullary thyroid carcinomas contain one form of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in black female patients who are mosaic in normal tissues for G6PD types A and B. The same individual may have several tumors each containing either G6PD A or G6PD B. The data suggest that the inherited defect is an initial mutation producing multiple clones of defective cells; each tumor then arises as a final mutation in one clone of these cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baylin, S B -- Hsu, S H -- Gann, D S -- Smallridge, R C -- Wells, S A Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):429-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group ; Carcinoma/enzymology/*genetics ; Clone Cells/enzymology ; Female ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/*genetics/metabolism ; Mosaicism ; *Mutation ; Thyroid Neoplasms/enzymology/*genetics
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  • 21
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    Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypopthalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-10
    Description: In rhesus monkeys with hypothalamic lesions that abolish gonadotropic hormone release by the pituitary gland, the constant infusion of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) fails to restore sustained gonadotropin secretion. In marked contrast, intermittent administration of the synthetic decapeptide once per hour, the physiological frequency of gonadotropin release in the monkeys, reestablishes pituitary gonadotropin secretion. This phenomenon is attributable to the pattern of GnRH delivery rather than to the amounts of this hormone to which the cells of the pituitary are exposed. Moreover, the initiation of continuous GnRH administration in animals with lesions and in which gonadotropin secretion is reestablished by intermittent GnRH replacement can result in a "desensitization" or "down regulation" of the processes responsible for gonadotropin release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belchetz, P E -- Plant, T M -- Nakai, Y -- Keogh, E J -- Knobil, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):631-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/*secretion ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Haplorhini ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Macaca mulatta ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*drug effects/secretion
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  • 22
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    alpha1-Antitrypsin: the presence of excess mannose in the Z variant isolated from liver (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: The Z variant of alpha1-antitrypsin was isolated by a new technique from the liver of a patient homozygous for the Z allele of the protease inhibitor locus. The material was homogenous and antigenically competent but had no protease inhibiting capacity. An interesting correlation was found between the subcellular localization and the carbohydrate composition of the Z variant from liver. Carbohydate analysis of this glycoprotein showed an absence of galactose and sialic acid, an appreciable decrease in N-acetylglucosamine, and an almost twofold increase in mannose residues. These data indicate a considerable slowdown in the processing of the oligosaccharides of liver Z variant. In spite of the absence of sialyl residues, the liver Z varant was microheterogeneous by analytical isoelectric focusing. The isoproteins of liver Z variant coincided with those of asialo M variant in the focusing field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hercz, A -- Katona, E -- Cutz, E -- Wilson, J R -- Barton, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1229-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/308696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Female ; Galactose/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Mannose/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 23
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    S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is an adenosine-binding protein: a target for adenosine toxicity (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-17
    Description: When adenosine deaminase activity is inhibited, low concentrations of adenosine are toxic to human lymphoblast mutants that are unable to convert adenosine to intracellular nucleotides. In order to identify the mediator of this cytotoxicity, we searched for a cytoplasmic protein capable of binding adenosine with high affinity. Such a protein was identified in extracts of human lymphoblasts and placenta as the enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hershfield, M S -- Krodich, N M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 17;202(4369):757-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*metabolism ; Adenosine Deaminase/*deficiency ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Nucleoside Deaminases/*deficiency ; Placenta/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; S-Adenosylhomocysteine/metabolism
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  • 24
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    Enhanced dexamethasone resistance in cystic fibrosis cells: potential use for heterozygote detection and prenatal diagnosis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are more resistant to dexamethasone toxicity than are normal cells. We now report that, when fibroblasts cultured from obligate CF heterozygotes are exposed to dexamethasone, they have an intermediate survival compared to normal and homozygous CF cells. When dexamethasone survival was tested on cells from four patients undergoing amniocentesis, cells from a woman at risk of producing a child with CF showed significant dexamethasone resistance, similar to that of fibroblasts derived from lnown CF homozygotes; the other amniotic cell specimens showed dexamethasone sensitivity similar to that of normal skin fibroblasts. These data suggest that the dexamethasone resistance previously observed in skin fibroblasts may also be useful in the prenatal diagnosis of CF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breslow, J L -- Epstein, J -- Fontaine, J H -- Forbes, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):180-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amniotic Fluid/cytology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis/genetics/*physiopathology ; Dexamethasone/*toxicity ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis
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  • 25
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    Risk factor intervention for health maintenance (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-26
    Description: Risk factors for disease consist of (i) personal habits, such as cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and (ii) bodily characteristics, such as hypertension and high serum cholesterol. Progress in identifying and quantifying risk factors is opening the way to the prevention of disease and maintenance of health. Systematic, controlled trials of intervention against risk factors are beginning to produce evidence on the extent of success in reducing both the factors and the mortality from associated diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breslow, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 26;200(4344):908-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arteriosclerosis/etiology ; Coronary Disease/etiology/*prevention & control ; Disease/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/complications ; Hypertension/complications ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Preventive Medicine ; *Probability ; *Risk ; Smoking/complications
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  • 26
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    Postpartum amenorrhea: how is it affected by maternal nutritional status? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: The average length of postpartum amenorrhea reported by breast-feeding women in rural Bangladesh in 1975 was 18 to 20 months. Its duration was found to be only slightly related to maternal nutritional status. There was no evidence of a threshold of weight for height necessary for the resumption of menses postpartum. Factors related to the duration of postpartum amenorrhea were maternal age, socioeconomic status, and supplemental feeding of the infant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huffman, S L -- Chowdhury, A K -- Mosley, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1155-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea/*etiology ; Body Water/metabolism ; Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Lactation ; Maternal Age ; Menstruation ; Nutrition Disorders/metabolism ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Time Factors
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  • 27
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    Blood-brain neutral amino acid transport activity is increased after portacaval anastomosis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: In rats after portacaval anastomosis (an animal model of chronic liver disease), transport of tryptophan and other members of the large neutral amino acid group from blood to brain was markedly enhanced. Increased transport activity was apparently restricted to the neutral amino acid transport system, since brain uptake of glucose, inulin, and tyramine was unaffected while blood-brain arginine transport was significantly reduced. These results strikingly confirm the hypothesis that carrier-mediated blood-brain transport is the limiting factor determining the availability of the neutral amino acids to the brain. The encephalopathy associated with cirrhosis may be the result of abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism and neurotransmission secondary to increased neutral amino acid transport activity and an increased brain content of members of the neutral amino acid group.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉James, J H -- Escourrou, J -- Fischer, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1395-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Animals ; Arginine/metabolism ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/*metabolism ; Female ; Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/metabolism ; Phenylalanine/metabolism ; *Portacaval Shunt, Surgical ; Rats ; Tryptophan/*metabolism ; Tyramine/metabolism
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  • 28
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    Fallopian tube isthmic mucus and ovum transport (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-28
    Description: The oviduct isthmus is capable of transporting spermatozoa and ova in opposite directions. A column of tenacious mucus that occupies the lumen of the rabbit oviduct isthmus during estrus may permit sperm transport. After ovulation the mucus disappears, with subsequent efforescence of cilia, which probably assist transport of ova to the uterus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jansen, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):349-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/580814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Cilia/physiology ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Fallopian Tubes/*physiology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mucous Membrane/physiology ; Mucus/physiology ; Ovulation/drug effects ; *Ovum Transport ; Rabbits ; *Sperm Transport
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  • 29
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    Ammonia intoxication in the near-adult cat as a result of a dietary deficiency of arginine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: Near-adult cats, fasted overnight, and given a single meal of a complete amino acid diet without arginine, developed hyperammonemia and showed clinical symptoms of ammonia toxicity within 2 hours. One cat (2.7 kilograms) died 4.5 hours after ingesting only 8 grams of the diet. Since ornithine also prevented hyperammonemia, it appears that the domestic cat cannot synthesize ornithine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morris, J G -- Rogers, Q R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):431-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Ammonia/*blood/toxicity ; *Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Arginine/*deficiency/metabolism ; Cats/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Ornithine/metabolism ; Time Factors
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    B lymphocyte antigens in sicca syndrome (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: All individuals tested in this study with sicca syndrome, a human autoimmune disease, bear two immunologically distinct and genetically unrelated B lymphocyte antigens that appear similar to the immune response associated (Ia) antigens of the mouse. The genes coding for these two antigens are present in only 37 and 24 percent of normal controls. In animal models Ia antigen genes are closely linked to immune response genes. Our findings suggest that two such genes may be required for the development of sicca syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moutsopoulos, H M -- Chused, T M -- Johnson, A H -- Khudsen, B -- Mann, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1441-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Female ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Genetic Linkage ; HLA Antigens/analysis/genetics ; Humans ; Isoantigens/*analysis/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sjogren's Syndrome/genetics/*immunology
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    Human lateralization from head to foot: sex-related factors (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: Sex differences in the pattern and maturation of lateral asymmetries of the human brain have been recently found by a number of investigators, suggesting that sex-related factors may differentially affect the two sides of the body. In this study, asymmetries in the size of the two feet were strongly related to sex and handedness, right-handed males having larger right feet and right-handed females having larger left feet, the reverse being seen in non-right-handed individuals. Since these differences were apparent even in children younger than 6 years, the fetal sex steroids may be critical in governing the maturation of both cerebral and pedal asymmetries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, J -- Levy, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1291-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Foot/*anatomy & histology ; *Functional Laterality ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Factors
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    Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-05-26
    Description: Sampling of amniotic fluid, visualization of the fetus, fetal blood sampling, and screening of maternal blood represent successive approaches to the diagnosis of specific genetic disorders in the second trimester of pregnancy. Clinical and ethical concerns about the appropriateness, safety, and efficacy of the techniques have led to multidisciplinary assessments at an early stage. A major growth in demand for medical and educational genetic services can be anticipated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Omenn, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 26;200(4344):952-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/77042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amniocentesis/adverse effects/methods ; Amniotic Fluid/analysis ; Chromosome Aberrations/diagnosis ; Chromosome Disorders ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Female ; Fetal Blood/analysis ; Fetoscopy/methods ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*diagnosis/therapy ; Humans ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/*methods ; Ultrasonography ; alpha-Fetoproteins/analysis
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  • 33
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    Gyrate atrophy of the retina: inborn error of L-ornithin:2-oxoacid aminotransferase (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-14
    Description: Cultured fibroblasts from a patient with gyrate atrophy of the retina do not convert L-ornithine, uniformly labeled with carbon-14, to proline. This metabolic block is caused by deficient L-ornithine:2-oxoacid aminotransferase activity in the patient. Her heterozygote father has intermediate activity of this enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Donnell, J J -- Sandman, R P -- Martin, S R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 14;200(4338):200-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Ornithine/blood ; Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase/*deficiency ; Pedigree ; Retinal Degeneration/*enzymology/genetics ; Transaminases/*deficiency
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    Lead exposure during infancy permanently increases lithium-induced polydipsia (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-08-18
    Description: Lead (200 milligrams per kilogram) was administered daily by intubation to Long-Evans rats on days 3 through 30 of life. Thirty to 180 days after cessation of lead administration, the lead-treated rats were consistently more polydipsic after lithium administration (2 millimoles per kilogram per day) than were pair-treated controls. Lithium increased the plasma renin activity equally in both the lead treated and the control groups. These data are evidence that there may be permanent neural changes induced by postnatal exposure to lead that are manifested by pharmacological challenge with lithium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mailman, R B -- Krigman, M R -- Mueller, R A -- Mushak, P -- Breese, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 18;201(4356):637-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/675249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Drinking Behavior/drug effects ; Female ; Lead Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Renin/blood
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    Neural lateralization of species-specific vocalizations by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: Five Japanese macaques and five other Old World monkeys were trained to discriminate among field-recorded Japanese macaque vocalizations. One task required discrimination of a communicatively relevant acoustic feature ("peak"), and a second required discrimination of an orthogonal feature of the same vocalizations ("pitch"). The Japanese animals more proficiently discriminated the peak feature when stimuli were presented to the right ear (primarily left cerebral hemisphere), as opposed to the left ear (primarily right hemisphere). In discriminating the pitch feature, the Japanese animals either showed (i) a left-ear processing advantage or (ii) no ear advantage. The comparison animals, with one exception, showed no ear advantage in processing either feature of the vocalizations. The results suggest that Japanese macaques engage left-hemisphere processors for the analysis of communicatively significant sounds that are analogous to the lateralized mechanisms used by humans listening to speech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petersen, M R -- Beecher, M D -- Zoloth, S R -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):324-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/99817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Discrimination Learning/physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Male ; Species Specificity ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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    Zinc deficiency in murine milk underlies expression of the lethal milk (lm) mutation (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-13
    Description: The inability of nursing pups to survive on milk of mice homozygous for the recessive mutation, lethal milk (lm), is correlated with a reduction in zinc levels of both milk and pup carcass. Administration of zinc to pups nursing on lmlm dams reduces the observed mortality and morbidity. It is suggested that lm alters zinc transport from maternal blood to milk and that its study may provide useful information for understanding the rare human disease, acrodermatitis enteropathica.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piletz, J E -- Ganschow, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 13;199(4325):181-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Lactation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL/*genetics ; Milk/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Zinc/blood/*deficiency/metabolism
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    Chimpanzee problem-solving: a test for comprehension (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-03
    Description: An adult chimpanzee was shown videotaped scenes of a human actor struggling with one of eight problems and was then shown two photographs, one of which depicted an action or an object (or both) that could constitute a solution to the problem. On seven of the eight problems, the animal consistently chose the correct photograph. This test problem-solving comprehension permits the animal's knowledge about problem-solving--its ability to infer the nature of problems and to recognize potential solutions to them--to be examined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Premack, D -- Woodruff, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 3;202(4367):532-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/705342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Female ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Pan troglodytes/*physiology ; *Problem Solving
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    Estrogens: hormones' link to cancer disputed (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1270-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/725601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogens/*adverse effects ; Female ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Risk ; Uterine Diseases/etiology ; Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis/*etiology
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    Restriction enzymes: prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 8;202(4372):1068-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/*diagnosis/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/*metabolism ; Female ; Globins/genetics ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/*methods ; Thalassemia/*diagnosis
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  • 40
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    The mating game: what happens when sperm meets egg (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 16;200(4347):1256-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Contraception, Immunologic ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Mammals ; Sea Urchins ; *Sperm-Ovum Interactions
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  • 41
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    Potent antidopaminergic activity of estradiol at the pituitary level on prolactin release (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: Prior incubation of rat anterior pituitary cells with 17beta-estradiol led to an almost complete reversal of the inhibitory effect of two dopamine agonists, dihydroergocornine and RU 24213, on both basal prolactin release and thyrotropin releasing hormone-induced prolactin release. These experiments thus demonstrate a direct interference of dopamine action by a peripheral hormone. Prolactin secretion by pituitary cells in primary culture could possibly serve as an easily accessible model of a system under dopaminergic control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raymond, V -- Beaulieu, M -- Labrie, F -- Boissier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1173-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/418505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dihydroergotoxine/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Dopamine Antagonists ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Phenethylamines/antagonists & inhibitors ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*drug effects/secretion ; Prolactin/*secretion ; Rats ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
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  • 42
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    Prenatal exposure to prednisone in humans and animals retards intrauterine growth (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-27
    Description: Prednisone treatment for infertility and subsequent pregnancy maintenance in humans resulted in a significant decrease in the birth weight of full-term infants and a marked increase in the percentage of newborn infants weighing 2500 grams or less, that is, "light for dates" in comparison to control offspring. A parallel experiment with mice indicated that the reduction of birth weight was caused by exposure to corticosteroids rather than to maternal disease or malfunction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinisch, J M -- Simon, N G -- Karow, W G -- Gandelman, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 27;202(4366):436-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/705336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birth Weight/*drug effects ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects ; Humans ; *Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mice ; Prednisone/*adverse effects ; Pregnancy/*drug effects
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    Potency in male rhesus monkeys: effects of continuously receptive females (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Ejaculations decreased and mount latencies increased when intact males were paired regularly over a 3.5-year period (3180 tests) with ovariectomized females made constantly receptive by daily injections of estradiol. The deterioration in potency was abruptly and completely reversed by substituting a group of new but similarly treated females for the original ones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michael, R P -- Zumpe, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ejaculation ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Pair Bond ; Periodicity ; Seasons ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Testosterone/blood ; Time Factors
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    Ethics and the use of drugs during pregnancy (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabath, L D -- Philipson, A -- Charles, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 3;202(4367):540-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/705345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aborted Fetus ; Ampicillin/blood ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy/*drug effects ; *Pregnant Women
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    delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol: antiaggressive effects in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the most active constituent of marihuana, decreased species-specific attack behavior in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys at doses (0.25 to 2.0 milligram per kilogram of body weight) that have no effects on other elements of the behavioral repertoire. Aggressive behavior was engendered in all three species by confronting a resident animal with an intruder conspecific. The present results contrast with the widely held belief that marihuana increases aggressive behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miczek, K A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1459-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*drug effects ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dronabinol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Saimiri ; Territoriality
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    Menarche and fatness: reexamination of the critical body composition hypothesis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trussell, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 30;200(4349):1506-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*physiology ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Female ; Growth ; Humans ; *Menarche
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  • 47
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    Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: chain elongation to omega-cyclopropyl fatty acids by mammals and plants (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: Rats dosed orally which [carboxyl-14C]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (or its hexadecyl ester) retain radioactivity in tissue as novel triacylglycerols. The most abundant 14C-labeled metabolites were identified by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as 13-cyclopropyltridecanoic and 15-cyclopropylpentadecanoic acids. Similar omega-cyclopropyl fatty acids are produced by beagle dogs and a lactating cow, as well as by apple and orange trees.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schooley, D A -- Quistad, G B -- Staiger, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):544-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carboxylic Acids/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cyclopropanes/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Female ; Milk/metabolism ; Mites/drug effects ; Pesticides/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; Rats
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    Fertilization-induced changes in membrane fluidity of sea urchin eggs (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: By use of a spin label fatty acid, 5-doxylstearate, an increase in bulk membrane fluidity was observed after fertilization of two species of sea urchin eggs. Eggs partially activated by ammonia showed a similar effect. The data suggest that a structural change involving membrane lipids accompanies activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campisi, J -- Scandella, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1336-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/564549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ammonia/pharmacology ; Animals ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Membrane Lipids/*physiology ; Membranes/physiology ; Ovum/drug effects/*physiology ; Sea Urchins ; Spin Labels ; Viscosity ; Zygote/*physiology/ultrastructure
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    The problem of defensive medicine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-05-26
    Description: Defensive medicine--the use of diagnostic and end-treatment measures explicitly for the purposes of averting malpractice suits--is frequently cited as one of the least desirable effects of the current rise in medical litigation. Many physicians and policy-makers claim that defensive medicine is responsible not only for the increasing costs of health care but the exposing of patients to significant risks of harm from unnecessary procedures. Very little solid information is available about defensive medicine. The studies that have been conducted have been fraught with statistical difficulties and are by no means definitive. Even more important than the issue of defensive medicine is the more basic problem of our system of compensation for medical injuries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tancredi, L R -- Barondess, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 26;200(4344):879-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cesarean Section/utilization ; Child ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Craniocerebral Trauma/radiography ; *Defensive Medicine/economics ; Female ; Fetal Monitoring/utilization ; Humans ; *Malpractice/economics ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Pregnancy ; Quality of Health Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
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  • 50
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    Sensitivity to carcinogenesis in nude mice: skin tumors caused by transplacental exposure to ethylnitrosourea (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: Female athymic nude mice and their phenotypically normal littermates were exposed transplacentally to ethylnitrosourea. Skin tumors (papillomas and sebaceous adenomas) developed on the nude mice with an almost tenfold greater incidence than on their haired littermates. Skin tumors were also induced on nude mice but not haired controls by direct intraperitoneal treatment with ethylnitrosourea. These results indicate that nude mice have higher than normal susceptibility to carcinogenesis under some circumstances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, L M -- Last-Barney, K -- Budinger, J M -- CA 08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 22498/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):682-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoma/chemically induced ; Animals ; *Ethylnitrosourea ; Female ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Mice, Nude/*physiology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; *Nitrosourea Compounds ; Pregnancy ; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Skin Neoplasms/*chemically induced
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    Prenatal and neonatal exposure to cimetidine results in gonadal and sexual dysfunction in adult males (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: Exposure of rats to cimetidine during intrauterine life and the immediate neonatal period results in hypoandrogenization in adult life with decreased weights of androgen-dependent tissues and decreased concentrations of testosterone. Moreover, sexual behavior patterns in adult life are disturbed as shown by a lack of sexual motivation and decreased performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anand, S -- Van Thiel, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):493-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling ; Cimetidine/metabolism/*toxicity ; Female ; Guanidines/*toxicity ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/drug effects ; Rats ; Sex Differentiation/*drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects
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    24-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3: is it required for embryonic development in chicks? (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-30
    Description: As shown previously, laying hens given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as their sole source of vitamin D produce fertile eggs having normal shells, but only 35 to 55 percent of the embryos are normal. Giving these hens additional 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 at 1.25 nanomoles per day resulted in 90 to 100 percent normal embryos, and hence, hatchability. Since 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 cannot be 24-hydroxylated, 24-hydroxylation is not required for this function of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ameenuddin, S -- Sunde, M -- DeLuca, H F -- Ikekawa, N -- Kobayashi, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 30;217(4558):451-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6979782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ; Animal Feed ; Animals ; Calcifediol ; Calcitriol/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Chick Embryo/*growth & development ; Chickens/metabolism ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/pharmacology ; Female ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Hydroxylation
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    Reversal of morphine disruption of maternal behavior by concurrent treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: Rats whose pregnancies were surgically terminated on day 17 of gestation were injected with morphine, morphine plus naloxone hydrochloride, or saline, and then tested for maternal responsiveness toward foster young. Morphine treatment alone significantly disrupted the rate of onset and quality of maternal responsiveness. Concurrent administration of naloxone to morphine-injected rats reinstated the rapid onset of behavioral responsiveness toward foster young, such that the responsiveness of the rats treated with both morphine and naloxone was indistinguishable from that shown by saline-injected controls. The disruptive effects of morphine did not appear to result from a general reduction in activity levels as measured in an open-field apparatus. These findings suggest that the normal onset and maintenance of maternal behavior in the rat may be regulated by endogenous opiates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bridges, R S -- Grimm, C T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):166-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Drug Antagonism ; Female ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Phosphoglucomutase: evidence for a new locus expressed in human milk (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-05-07
    Description: Electrophoretic study of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in human milk revealed different patterns that can be explained by the existence of a locus distinct from the common PGM1, PGM2, and PGM3. One hundred and forty samples were tested and the results showed four different alleles of PGM4 whose frequencies were under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantu, J M -- Ibarra, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 7;216(4546):639-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6461922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Erythrocytes/enzymology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Milk, Human/*enzymology ; Phenotype ; Phosphoglucomutase/*genetics
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    Theory and observation in cultural transmission (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Cultural phenomena may show considerable stability over time and space. Transmission mechanisms responsible for their maintenance are worthy of theoretical and empirical inquiry; they are complex and each possible pathway has different effects on evolutionary stability of traits, as can be shown theoretically. A survey designed to evaluate the importance of some components of cultural transmission on a variety of traits showed that religion and politics are mostly determined in the family, a mode of transmission which guarantees high evolutionary stability and maintenance of high variation between and within groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cavalli-Sforza, L L -- Feldman, M W -- Chen, K H -- Dornbusch, S M -- 10452/PHS HHS/ -- 20467/PHS HHS/ -- 20816/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):19-27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attitude ; Child ; Cultural Characteristics ; *Culture ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Marriage ; Models, Psychological ; *Parent-Child Relations
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    Development of mouse embryos in vitro: preimplantation to the limb bud stage (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Mouse embryos were grown successfully in vitro from the blastocyst stage to the limb bud stage. Mouse blastocysts grown in vitro for 10 days showed blood circulation in the yilk sac, forelimb buds, and the primordia of liver, pancreas, and lungs. These characteristics are indicative of a developmental stage equivalent to one-half of the total gestation period in utero. Improvements in culture conditions from days 7 to 9 have made it feasible to culture mouse blastocysts beyond the early somite stage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, L T -- Hsu, Y C -- AM 19535/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 28550/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):66-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Yolk Sac/physiology
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    Calcium ionophore polarizes ooplasmic segregation in ascidian eggs (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-04-30
    Description: Calcium ionophore A23187 promotes ooplasmic segregation and orange crescent formation in eggs of the ascidian Boltenia villosa. When eggs were exposed to a gradient A23187 the orange crescent was induced to form in the region corresponding to the highest concentration of ionophore. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that a local increase in intracellular calcium polarizes cytoplasmic localization in the ascidian embryo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeffery, W R -- 232-HDO-7098/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-13970/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 30;216(4545):545-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6803360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Calcimycin/*pharmacology ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cell Compartmentation/drug effects ; Cytoplasm/ultrastructure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ovum/*drug effects/ultrastructure ; Urochordata
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    Naloxone antagonism of the thermoregulatory effects of phencyclidine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-09-24
    Description: Phencyclidine elicits hyperthermia at low doses and hypothermia at high doses in rats. Naloxone antagonizes both effects. Phencyclidine's effects on thermo-regulation are probably mediated by an interaction with a mu opiate receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glick, S D -- Guido, R A -- DA 02534/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 70082/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 24;217(4566):1272-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Phencyclidine/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects
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    Serum from monkeys with histories of fetal wastage causes abnormalities in cultured rat embryos (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, N W -- Plenefisch, J D -- Carey, S W -- Fredrickson, W T -- Sackett, G P -- Burbacher, T M -- Parker, R M -- HD02774/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD08633/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR00166/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 1;215(4528):66-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Veterinary/*blood ; Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities/*etiology ; Ectogenesis ; Female ; Macaca nemestrina/blood ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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    Suppression of ovulation in the rat by an orally active antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: A synthetic antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone blocked ovulation in rats in a dose-dependent manner when given by gavage on the afternoon of proestrus. Ovulation was delayed for at least 1 day in all animals given 2 milligrams of antogonist and in some of the animals treated with 1 or 0.5 milligram. Oral administration of 2 milligrams also blocked the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone. This demonstration that antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone can have oral antiovulatory activity clearly enhances their therapeutic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nekola, M B -- Horvath, A -- Ge, L J -- Coy, D H -- Schally, A V -- HD-0-2831/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):160-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6750790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Luteinizing Hormone/secretion ; Ovulation/*drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Proestrus/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Pregnancy suppression by active immunization against gestation-specific riboflavin carrier protein (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-04-09
    Description: A riboflavin carrier protein isolated from chickens cross-reacts with a gestation-specific rodent carrier for riboflavin. Active immunization of female rats of proved fertility with the purified chicken carrier protein completely yet reversibly suppressed early pregnancy without impairing implantation per se. Concurrently there were no discernible adverse effects on maternal health in terms of weight gain, vitamin status, and fertility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murty, C V -- Adiga, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 9;216(4542):191-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Carrier Proteins/*immunology ; Female ; Fetal Resorption/immunology ; Flavins/blood ; Glutathione Reductase/blood ; Immunization ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Progesterone/blood ; Rats
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    Maternal ethanol exposure induces transient impairment of umbilical circulation and fetal hypoxia in monkeys (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: When ethanol was administered intravenously to pregnant monkeys, a transient but marked collapse of umbilical vasculature was observed uniformly within about 15 minutes. The ethanol-induced impairment of umbilical circulation produced severe hypoxia and acidosis in the fetus; recovery occurred during the succeeding hour. This striking interruption of feto-placental circulation may explain one of the mechanisms of mental retardation, a frequent manifestation in children afflicted with fetal alcohol syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mukherjee, A B -- Hodgen, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):700-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6890235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetaldehyde/blood ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ethanol/blood/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/*etiology ; Fetal Distress/*chemically induced ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Umbilical Cord/*drug effects
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    Lung fibrosis and emphysema: divergent responses to a common injury? (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-23
    Description: Cadmium chloride, administered intratracheally to golden Syrian hamsters, causes an acute lung injury which evolves into a lesion with functional and morphological features of diffuse fibrosis. With simultaneous feeding of a lathyrogen, beta-aminoproprionitrile, this same injury evolves into functional and morphological changes of bullous emphysema. These results suggest that the same lung injury might result in either fibrosis or emphysema, connective tissue synthesis during the healing phase being the critical determinant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Niewoehner, D E -- Hoidal, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):359-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminopropionitrile/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Cadmium Chloride ; Collagen/biosynthesis ; Connective Tissue/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Elastin/biosynthesis ; Female ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lung/pathology ; Mesocricetus ; Pulmonary Emphysema/*chemically induced/pathology ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/*chemically induced/pathology
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    Hemispheric asymmetries in the behavioral and hormonal effects of sexually differentiating mammalian brain (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: Estrogen pellets were placed in either the right or left hypothalamus of newborn female rats so that only one side of this brain area was exposed to the postnatal masculinizing and defeminizing effects of the hormone. The effects of estrogen on gonadotropin secretion and reproductive behavior depended on both the region and the side of implantation. Exposure of the left hypothalamus to estrogen resulted in defeminized development. Exposure of the right hypothalamus to estrogen resulted in masculinized development. Thus the response of the developing hypothalamus to gonadal steroids may be asymmetric.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nordeen, E J -- Yahr, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Male ; Ovary/growth & development ; Rats ; *Sex Differentiation/drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology
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    Norethisterone, a major ingredient of contraceptive pills, is a suicide inhibitor of estrogen biosynthesis (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-03-05
    Description: Norethisterone (17 alpha-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone) is an effective irreversible inhibitor of estrogen synthetase (aromatase), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, even at a 2 X 10(-6) molar concentration. This irreversible inactivation, which is directed toward the active site of aromatase and requires the cofactor-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is both time- and concentration-dependent. Ethisterone (17 alpha-ethynyltestosterone), in contrast, is not a suicide inhibitor of aromatase even at concentrations of 10(-4) molar.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Osawa, Y -- Yarborough, C -- HDO4945/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1249-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aromatase Inhibitors ; Binding Sites/drug effects ; Contraceptives, Oral/*pharmacology ; Estrogens/*biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Microsomes/enzymology ; Norethindrone/*pharmacology ; Oxidoreductases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy
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    Oxytocin induces maternal behavior in virgin female rats (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-05-07
    Description: Intracerebroventricular administration of oxytocin to virgin female rats that had been ovariectomized and primed with estrogen 48 hours previously induced a rapid onset of full maternal behavior. The maternal behavior persisted and its incidence was dose-related. Tocinoic acid, the ring structure of oxytocin, also rapidly induced the onset of persistent, full maternal behavior. Arginine vasopressin induced persistent maternal behavior, but this behavior had a later onset. Prostaglandin F2 alpha induced strong partial maternal behavior, which showed early onset but did not persist. Many other peptides, ovarian steroids, and prostaglandin E2 were no more effective than saline. These findings suggest that the release of oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha during labor may promote maternal behavior in rats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, C A -- Ascher, J A -- Monroe, Y L -- Prange, A J Jr -- MH-22536/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-32316/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-34933/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 7;216(4546):648-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7071605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/pharmacology ; Brain/physiology ; Female ; Injections, Intraventricular ; *Maternal Behavior ; Oxytocin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Transplantation of leukemic bone marrow treated with cytotoxic antileukemic antibodies and complement (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-16
    Description: The ability of antiserum against murine L1210 leukemia to remove residual leukemia cells from murine bone marrow was investigated. Leukemic marrow was treated in vitro with antiserum and complement and used to hematologically reconstitute mice that had been irradiated with doses lethal to bone marrow. Following infusion of treated leukemic marrow, normal marrow returned without evidence of leukemia. More than 90 percent of the animals have survived for 11 months without untoward effects, suggesting that the technique may be of use in the treatment of acute leukemia in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trigg, M E -- Poplack, D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 16;217(4556):259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7046048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Survival ; *Complement System Proteins ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Leukemia L1210/*immunology/therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred DBA
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    Breast-feeding patterns in low-income countries (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: Breast-feeding is important to infant nutrition, morbidity, and mortality, and to postpartum amenorrhea (hence to birth intervals). Evidence on breast-feeding patterns in low-income countries from nationally representative World Fertility Surveys and secondary sources shows that in all but a few such countries most children are breast-fed for at least a few months. The limited evidence available on trends seems to indicate a decline in the duration of breast-feeding, but in most of Asia and Africa breast-feeding is almost universal during at least the first 6 months. Earlier weaning is common in Latin America.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Popkin, B M -- Bilsborrow, R E -- Akin, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1088-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Asia ; *Breast Feeding ; *Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Rural Population ; South America ; Time Factors ; Urban Population
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    Influence of female hormonal state on rhesus sexual behavior varies with space for social interaction (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-23
    Description: The sexual behavior of rhesus monkeys in 15 male-female pairings was observed in both a large and a small area during the follicular and luteal phases of the female's cycle. Males ejaculated in all tests at the follicular phase of the female's cycle and in 53 percent of tests at the luteal phase. However, a significant decline in ejaculation during tests at the luteal phase occurred in the large, but not in the small area. Thus the degree to which the pair's sexual behavior was influenced by the female's hormonal state depended on the spatial conditions of the test.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallen, K -- MH35835/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR-00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):375-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7201164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation ; Ejaculation ; *Estrus ; Female ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Proestrus ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Social Behavior ; *Spatial Behavior
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    Asian bull elephants: Flehmen-like responses to extractable components in female elephant estrous urine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-09
    Description: Flehmen-like responses (urine tests) are one of the characteristic behavioral reactions of male Asian elephants (Elephants maximus) to cow elephants in estrus. Components of the urine of estrous cow elephants were extracted with organic solvents and partially purified by chromatography and shown to evoke Flehmen-like responses when they were presented to adult bulls.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rasmussen, L E -- Schmidt, M J -- Henneous, R -- Groves, D -- Daves, G D Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 9;217(4555):159-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Elephants/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Estrus Detection ; Female ; Male ; Pheromones/*urine ; Sex Attractants/isolation & purification/*urine ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 71
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    Human fetal movement: spontaneous oscillations near one cycle per minute (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: Spectral analysis of spontaneous fluctuations in human fetal movement revealed strong oscillations at frequencies between 0.24 and 0.90 cycle per minute, which are much higher than those of the cyclic alternation of quiet and active states in the fetus and neonate. Oscillations at frequencies up to 2.88 cycles per minute were also detected, but they were usually much weaker. The prominent peaks in the fetal movement spectra are in the frequency range of recently reported neonatal motor rhythms, and indicate the existence of a cyclic process controlling spontaneous motor output that oscillates near one cycle per minute and begins to function in utero.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robertson, S S -- Dierker, L J -- Sorokin, Y -- Rosen, M G -- M01RR00210/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50HD11089/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1327-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Movement ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Spectrum Analysis/methods ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 72
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    Subperiosteal expansion and cortical remodeling of the human femur and tibia with aging (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: Increases with aging in subperiosteal dimensions and second moments of area (measures of bending and torsional rigidity) in femoral and tibial cross sections are documented in an archeological sample from the American Southwest. Significant differences between cross-sectional sites and between sexes in the pattern of cortical remodeling with age are also present. These differences appear to be related to variations in the stress or strain levels in different regions of the femur and tibia which result from in vivo mechanical loadings of the lower limb.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruff, C B -- Hayes, W C -- AM00749/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26740/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):945-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aging ; Bone Development ; Female ; Femur/*physiology ; Fractures, Bone/etiology ; Growth ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periosteum/*physiology ; Physical Exertion ; Sex Characteristics ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tibia/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 73
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    Congenital malformations induced by laetrile (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-03-19
    Description: Laetrile administered orally ot pregnant hamsters caused skeletal malformations in the offspring, but intravenous laetrile filed to result in embryopathic effects. Oral laetrile significantly increased in situ cyanide concentrations, while intravenous laetrile did not. Thiosulfate administration protected embryos from the teratogenic effects of oral laetrile. The embryopathic effects of oral laetrile appear to be due to cyanide released by bacterial beta-glucosidase activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willhite, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 19;215(4539):1513-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Administration, Oral ; Amygdalin/administration & dosage/metabolism/*toxicity ; Animals ; Cricetinae ; Female ; Injections, Intravenous ; Pregnancy
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  • 74
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    Recovery of olfactory function after bilateral bulbectomy (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: Mice were trained to discriminate between scented and unscented air. After olfactory bulbs were removed, discrimination was lost, but returned with the formation of synaptic connections between regenerated primary olfactory neurons and the cortex of the forebrain. The acquisition of a second olfactory-mediated task by long-term bulbectomized mice and controls was indistinguishable. The results emphasize the plasticity of the nervous system, correlate the presence of neural connections between olfactory mucosa and forebrain with the recovery of olfactory function, suggest that olfactory-mediated memory resides at least in part outside the olfactory bulbs, and demonstrate that the bulbs are not required for the acquisition of olfactory tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, J W -- Harding, J W -- NS 13976/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carnosine/physiology ; Central Nervous System/*physiology ; Female ; Memory/physiology ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Olfactory Bulb/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/*physiology ; Smell/*physiology
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  • 75
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    Wound tissue can utilize a polymeric template to synthesize a functional extension of skin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: Prompt and long-term closure of full-thickness skin wounds is guinea pigs and humans is achieved by applying a bilayer polymeric membrane. The membrane comprises a top layer of a silicone elastomer and a bottom layer of a porous cross-linked network of collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The bottom layer can be seeded with a small number of autologous basal cells before grafting. No immunosuppression is used and infection, exudation, and rejection are absent. Host tissue utilizes the sterile membrane as a culture medium to synthesize neoepidermal and neodermal tissue. A functional extension of skin over the entire wound area is formed in about 4 weeks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yannas, I V -- Burke, J F -- Orgill, D P -- Skrabut, E M -- GM 21700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 23946/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 14322/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7031899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Burns/*therapy ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Collagen/therapeutic use ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans/therapeutic use ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicone Elastomers/therapeutic use ; *Skin Transplantation ; *Wound Healing
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  • 76
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    Visual system anomalies in human ocular albinos (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-08
    Description: Visually evoked potentials recorded from two types of human ocular albinos demonstrated significant hemispheric asymmetry following monocular stimulation. The asymmetry is indicative of disorganization of retinogeniculostriate projections similar to that reported for mammals with total albinism. Abnormal optic projections are associated with lack of ocular pigment and are not associated with any specific generalized pigment defect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Creel, D -- O'Donnell, F E Jr -- Witkop, C J Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 8;201(4359):931-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Albinism/embryology/genetics/*physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Retina/physiopathology ; Superior Colliculi/physiopathology ; Visual Pathways/*physiopathology
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  • 77
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    Ethics advisory board confronts conception in the test tube (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culliton, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 13;202(4364):198-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/567844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; *Ethics, Medical ; Federal Government ; Female ; *Fertilization in Vitro ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infertility/therapy ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; Risk Assessment ; United States
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  • 78
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    (S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine: an aliphatic nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: (S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine, a novel nucleoside analog, the sugar moiety of which is replaced by an aliphatic chain, inhibits the replication in vitro of several DNA and RNA viruses, including vaccinia, herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), measles, and vesicular stomatitis. It is also effective in vivo in reducing the mortality rate of mice inoculated intranasally with vesicular stomatitis virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Clercq, E -- Descamps, J -- De Somer, P -- Holy, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):UNKNOWN.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/205946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Antiviral Agents ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral/drug effects ; Female ; Measles virus/drug effects ; Mice ; Simplexvirus/drug effects ; Vaccinia virus/drug effects ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/drug effects ; Virus Replication/*drug effects
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  • 79
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    Infantile stimulation induces brain lateralization in rats (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: The hypothesis tested was that the effects of early experiences are asymmetrically distributed in the two brain hemispheres. Litters were either handled or not handled between birth and weaning, and the weanlings were reared in either laboratory cages or enriched environments between 21 and 50 days. When approximately 135 days old, animals within each of the four treatment groups had a right neocortical ablation, a left neocortical ablation, a sham operation, or no surgery. About 1 month later, all animals were given the open-field test for emotionality and exploratory behavior. Ablating either the right or left neocortex increased the activity scores of nonhandled controls, but there was no evidence of lateralization. However, the groups handled in infancy did show lateralization. Ablating the left brain did not significantly increase activity, but ablating the right brain caused extreme scores: handled rats without enrichment experience were the most active, and handled rats also placed into the enriched environment had near-zero scores in the open field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denenberg, V H -- Garbanati, J -- Sherman, D A -- Yutzey, D A -- Kaplan, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1150-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Emotions/physiology ; *Environment ; Exploratory Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Functional Laterality/*physiology ; Handling (Psychology)/*physiology ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Rats
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  • 80
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    Hormonal basis for breeding behavior in female frogs: vasotocin inhibits the release call of Rana pipiens (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: Inhibition of the release call in gravid female frogs facilitates maintenance of the male's clasp so that oviposition and spawning can occur. Arginine-8 vasotocin inhibits the release call by causing an accumulation of water and internal pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diakow, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1456-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/305115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura ; Female ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Rana pipiens/*physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Vasotocin/*pharmacology ; Vocalization, Animal/*drug effects ; Water-Electrolyte Balance/drug effects
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  • 81
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    Ethanol: modifications of acute intoxication by divalent cations (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: Calcium, other divalent cations, and calcium antagonists were tested for their ability to alter ethanol-induced sleeping time, hypothermia, and behavioral intoxication in mice and rats. Calcium given intraventricularly significantly enhanced sleeping time and behavioral intoxication in a dose-related manner. The ionophores X537A and A23187 accentuated the effect of a low dose of calcium, whereas the calcium chelators EDTA and EGTA decreased sleeping time. Calcium also enhanced tertiary butanol- and chloral hydrate-induced sleeping time. The effects of cations on ethanol-induced hypothermia were less significant. The results suggest the existence of a central calcium pool that is involved in ethanol intoxication in rodents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erickson, C K -- Tyler, T D -- Harris, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/343251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcoholic Intoxication/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Cations, Divalent ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Humans ; Lasalocid/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Movement/drug effects ; Rats
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  • 82
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    Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency: a new disease of muscle (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: Five cases of a new disease presented with muscular weakness or cramping after exercise; three of the cases also had an elevated serum creatine phosphokinase. Muscle biopsies were histologically normal but lacked adenylate deaminase by stain and solution assay, while the erythrocyte isozyme was normal. A clinical diagnostic test has been developed, and the human enzyme was separated by acrylamide-gel electrophoresis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fishbein, W N -- Armbrustmacher, V W -- Griffin, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):545-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP Deaminase/blood/*deficiency ; Adenine Nucleotides/metabolism ; Adenosine Deaminase/blood ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Creatine Kinase/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles/enzymology ; Muscular Diseases/*enzymology ; Nucleotide Deaminases/*deficiency
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  • 83
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    Cancer death risk in hospitalized mental patients (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, B H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):966-968.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/*complications ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/*mortality ; Risk ; United States
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  • 84
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    Immunoreactive vasopressin and oxytocin: concentration in individual human hypothalamic nuclei (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Individual hypothalamic nuclei were microdissected from brain tissue of ten human subjects who had died suddenly while in apparent good health. Appreciable amounts of vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactivity were found by specific radioimmunoassay in six hypothalamic nuclei including supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Vasopressin and oxytocin are presumed to be synthesized in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei for axonal transport to the posterior pituitary for storage and release. Vasopressin and oxytocin in other hypothalamic nuclei may be a part of this system of neurosecretion or may serve some other function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):342-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/556308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/*analysis ; Male ; Median Eminence/analysis ; Middle Aged ; Oxytocin/*analysis ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/analysis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Supraoptic Nucleus/analysis ; Vasopressins/*analysis
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  • 85
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    Genetically determined sex-reversal in 46,XY humans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-10-06
    Description: Evidence is presented for the existence of a gene, probably on the X chromosome, which prevents testis differentiation when present in 46,XY human embryos. Affected 46,XY women are not completely normal because of premature ovarian involution, as a result of which they have "streak gonads" similiar to those of 45,X women.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉German, J -- Simpson, J L -- Chaganti, R S -- Summitt, R L -- Reid, L B -- Merkatz, I R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 6;202(4363):53-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/567843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disorders of Sex Development/embryology/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Ovary/embryology ; Pedigree ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations/embryology ; Testis/embryology ; Turner Syndrome/embryology/*genetics
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  • 86
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    Anosmia in male rhesus monkeys does not alter copulatory activity with cycling females (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-10
    Description: Three adult male rhesus monkeys were tested daily with intact adult female partners over the course of four or five mentstrual cycles. The males were made permanently anosmic by chemical ablation of the olfactory epithelium after the second or fourth cycle was completed. All males continued to display typical cycles of copulation with their partners after the anosmia procedures, with the shortest latencies to ejaculation occurring during the periovulatory phase of the partner's ovulatory cycle. Hence, female attractivity and cyclic copulatory performance of rhesus monkeys are not dependent upon olfactory signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldfoot, D A -- Essock-Vitale, S M -- Asa, C S -- Thornton, J E -- Leshner, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 10;199(4333):1095-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation/*physiology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Menstruation ; *Odors ; Olfaction Disorders ; Vasectomy
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  • 87
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    Endosteal marrow: a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: Hematopoietic cells isolated from the endosteal bone surface, that is,the endosteal marrow cells, were found to consist mainly (60 to 80 percent) of lymphoid and late-stage normoblast-like cells. Unlike the cells they resemble, the endosteal marrow cells showed an affinity for Sudan black, demonstrable nucleoli (Feulgen reaction), and an absence of hemoglobin. Assays showed that over one-half of the endosteal marrow cell population may be the colony-forming units, the CFU-S of Till and McCulloch. Thus, high concentrations of stem cells could be obtained from the endosteal bone surface by means of the present isolation technique.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1443-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/75570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Nucleolus/ultrastructure ; Female ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Lymphocytes/ultrastructure ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Spleen/cytology ; Staining and Labeling
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  • 88
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    Prolactin synthesis by human chorion-decidual tissue: a possible source of prolactin in the amniotic fluid (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: Explants of human chorion-decidual tissue obtained at delivery from normal, full-term pregnancies synthesize and secrete prolactin. This hormone is indistinguishable from pituitary prolactin by chromatographic, electrophoretic, immunologic, and receptor assay techniques. These results suggest that chorion-decidua may be the source of the large quantities of prolactin in amniotic fluid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Golander, A -- Hurley, T -- Barrett, J -- Hizi, A -- Handwerger, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):311-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amnion/metabolism ; Amniotic Fluid/*metabolism ; Chorion/*metabolism ; Decidua/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin/*biosynthesis ; Trophoblasts/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 89
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    Macroeconomics of disease prevention in the United States (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gori, G B -- Richter, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1124-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Environment ; Female ; Government ; Humans ; Infant ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Dynamics ; *Preventive Medicine ; Social Security ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Melatonin content of the human pineal gland (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: Gas chromatography with electron capture detection was used to quantitate melatonin in single human pineal glands. The sensitivity of this melatonin assay is in the low picogram range. A 24-hour rhythm of pineal melatonin content was observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greiner, A C -- Chan, S C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):83-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉North Lawn Unit, Riverview Hospital, Essondale, British Columbia, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromatography, Gas ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Male ; Melatonin/analogs & derivatives/*analysis ; Middle Aged ; Pineal Gland/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 91
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    Enkephalin-like material elevated in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of pain patients after analgetic focal stimulation (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-04
    Description: Enkephalin-like activity has been measured in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of patients with intractable pain. Electrical stimulation of periventricular brain sites resulted in significant decrease in persistent pain in these subjects. This analgesia, which was blocked by naloxone in 80% of the cases, was accompanied by a significant rise in ventricular enkephalin-like activity, as measured by two different methods. The results present evidence of in vivo release of enkephalin-like material in humans and suggest that stimulation analgesia may be partially due to this release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akil, H -- Richardson, D E -- Hughes, J -- Barchas, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 4;201(4354):463-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiopathology ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Electric Stimulation ; Endorphins/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Enkephalins/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pain/*cerebrospinal fluid/physiopathology ; Pain Management
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  • 92
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    Primate infant's effects on mother's future reproduction (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: Female savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus) had a longer postpartum amenorrhea and thereafter cycled longer before conceiving if their previous infant survived than if that infant died. Among mothers of surviving infants, differences in maternal care produced differences in age of weaning and age of independence but did not result in differences in interbirth intervals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altmann, J -- Altmann, S A -- Hausfater, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1028-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea ; Animals ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Maternal Behavior ; Papio/*physiology ; *Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; *Reproduction ; Time Factors ; Weaning
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  • 93
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    Serologically defined (SD) locus in cattle (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Using cytotoxic serums obtained from multiparous cows or by alloimmunization, we have detected 11 lymphocyte antigens controlled by codominant alleles at a serologically defined locus called BoLA-A (bovine lymphocyte antigens). This locus, along with the lymphocyte defined loci previously reported, establishes the existence of a major histocompatibility system of cattle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amorena, B -- Stone, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):159-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Cattle/genetics/*immunology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Linkage ; *Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics ; *Isoantigens/genetics ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Male
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  • 94
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    Copulatory vocalizations of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus), gibbons (Hylobates hoolock), and humans (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: The copulatory vocalizations of female baboons (Papio ursinus) are more complex than those of female gibbons (Hylobates hoolock) or human females. Adult males of all these species begin calling later than the female, but subordinate baboon males do not call. Copulatory vocalizations may serve to mutually stimulate the mating partners or to incite male competition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamilton, W J 3rd -- Arrowood, P C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1405-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Female ; Hominidae/*physiology ; Humans ; Hylobates/*physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papio/*physiology ; Respiration ; Sexual Behavior/*physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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  • 95
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    Lichen myxedematosus serum stimulates human skin fibroblast proliferation (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: Serum from patients with lichen myxedematosus, when added to exponentially growing normal human skin fibroblasts, stimulates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. The degree of response in vitro is correlated with the extent of the disease in vivo and is specific for fibroblasts. The results suggest that there is a systemic factor (or factors) which may play a role in the etiology of diseases affecting the connective tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harper, R A -- Rispler, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):545-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Diseases/*blood/immunology/pathology ; Thymidine/metabolism
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  • 96
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    Mummy of the "Elder Lady" in the tomb of Amenhotep II: Egyptian museum catalog number 61070 (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: An unidentified female mummy found in a cache of great kings and queens in 1898 in the Valley of the Kings was examined from the viewpoint of Egyptology, x-ray cephalometry, biostatistics, and biochemistry. The result was the identification of Queen Tiye, of the Eighteenth Dynasty, wife of Amenhotep III and mother of Akhenaton.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, J E -- Wente, E F -- Cox, C F -- Nawaway, I E -- Kowalski, C J -- Storey, A T -- Russell, W R -- Ponitz, P V -- Walker, G F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1149-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/349693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cephalometry ; Egypt ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Female ; Hair/analysis ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Mummies ; Skull/radiography
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  • 97
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    Child spacing and birth order: effect on intellectual ability in two-child families (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: The effect on intellectual ability of the spacing of the birth of siblings was studied in two series of young men from two-child families: (i) 535 pairs of brothers and (ii) 1511 unrelated firstborn and secondborn. Birth-order effect and level of ability were not influenced by length of interval between firstborn and secondborn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belmont, L -- Stein, Z -- Zybert, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):995-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/568823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Birth Order ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Time Factors
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  • 98
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    Vitamin D: two dihydroxylated metabolites are required for normal chicken egg hatchability (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-01
    Description: When hens are raised to sexual maturity from hatching with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] as their sole source of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), fertile eggs appear to develop normally but fail to hatch. When hens receive a combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3], hatchability equivalent to that with hens given vitamin D3 is obtained. These results suggest a biological role for 24,25(OH)2D3 not previously recognized.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henry, H L -- Norman, A W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 1;201(4358):835-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens/*physiology ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/*pharmacology ; Female ; Growth/drug effects ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*pharmacology ; Ovulation/*drug effects ; Reproduction/*drug effects ; Sexual Maturation/drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Children absorb tris-BP flame retardant from sleepwear: urine contains the mutagenic metabolite, 2,3-dibromopropanol (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: The flame retardant, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (tris-BP), which is a mutagen and causes cancer and sterility in animals is absorbed from fabric by people. 2,3-Dibromopropanol, a metboloite of tris-BP and a mutagen itself, has been found in the urine samples of ten children who were wearing or who had worn tris-BP-treated sleepwear. Eight of these children were wearing well-washed sleepwear and the possibility of absorption of tris-BP from well-washed sleepwear discussed. 2,3-Dibromopropanol was not found in the urines of one child and one adult who had never worn tris-BP-treated garments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blum, A -- Gold, M D -- Ames, B N -- Jones, F R -- Hett, E A -- Dougherty, R C -- Horning, E C -- Dzidic, I -- Carroll, D I -- Stillwell, R N -- Thenot, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1020-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Propanol/urine ; Child ; Chromatography, Gas ; *Clothing ; Female ; Flame Retardants/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons, Brominated/metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Mutagens/*metabolism ; Organophosphates/*metabolism ; *Propanols ; *Skin Absorption
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Immunity to antigens associated with primate C-type oncoviruses in pregnant women (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against antigens associated with primate C-type oncoviruses were evaluated in humans by microcytotoxicity and radioimmunoprecipitation assays. Five of six women tested sequentially during pregnancy developed selective cell-mediated reactivity against baboon endogenous virus (BEV)--infected human fibroblasts. Responsiveness peaked during the second and third trimesters and corresponded temporally with elevated antibody levels to BEV antigens. Similar cell-mediated reactivity was not observed in nonpregnant individuals. Selective cell-mediated reactivity directed against cells infected with the simian sarcoma virus-simian sarcoma associated virus complex (SSV--SSAV) was observed in four of 20 healthy adults (three of 14 nonpregnant, one of six pregnant). These observations suggest that cell-mediated reactivity against primate C-type oncoviruses is occasionally detected in healthy nonpregnant adults, but that during pregnancy both cell-mediated and humoral reactivity against BEV may become selectively expressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hirsch, M S -- Kelly, A P -- Chapin, D S -- Fuller, T C -- Black, P H -- Kurth, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1337-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; *Antigens, Viral ; Female ; Humans ; *Immunity, Cellular ; Papio/microbiology ; *Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey/immunology
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