ALBERT

Beschreibung: Culmi robusti, foliati. Folia lata, linearia, trinervia. Inflorescentia corymboso-paniculata, multispiculata. Spiculae (”spicae” multorum auctorum) parvae, multiflorae. Flores hermaphroditi (”spiculae androgynae” auctorum) perianthio utriculiformi, compresso, vix carinato, staminibus (”floribus masculinis monandris” auctorum) tribus, binis lateralibus tertio anteriore, ovario (”flore foemineo terminali nudo” auctorum) rostrato, basi angustato, haud stipitato, styli ramis ternis. Nux tri-costata, rugulosa. Generi Hypolytro L. C. Rich. proxima, a quo differt styli ramis tribus et nuce tri-costata. A Thoracostachyo et Paramapania, quibuscum stigmatum numero convenit, et structura florum et perianthio connato et nucis forma longe diversa, faciliter dignoscenda. Mapaniae potius affinis, sed ab omnibus speciebus huius generis inflorescentia a plerisque etiam perianthio connato discrepat.

Beschreibung: The genus Trymatococcus has been published in 1838 by Poeppig and Endlicher in Nova Genera ac Spec. Plant II. p. 30, and the genus was based on the species T. amazonicus. In 1876 Baillon added the species T. africanus to the genus. This gave a peculiar distribution for a genus with two species only: one in the Amazone region and one in West Africa. Later on several new species from Africa were described: three by Engler (T. kamerunianus, dorstenioides, and Conrauanus), one by De Wildeman (T. Gilletii) and one by Pellegrin (T. oligogyna). In 1922 (Archivos do Jardim Botanico Rio de Janeiro vol III. p. 22) Ducke described a second species from Amazonian Brazil (T. paraensis) and said in the notes to this new species that Lanessania turbinata Baill. should be transferred to the genus Trymatococcus and published a new combination (T. turbinatus Ducke). In 1925 (Archives IV. p. I) he emphasized his statements Trymatococcus and published a new combination (T. turbinatus as well as turbinatus and amazonicus have the stamens erect in the bud and not inflexed as was described in the former publications. He also emphasized that the place of Trymatococcus in the system has to be changed and the genus has to take the place taken up to this moment by Lanessania. Among the material of the Moraceae from Surinam which I am studying for the Flora of Surinam, I found also a Trymatococcus species. By the study of this genus I was struck by the peculiar geographic distribution of the genus, which fully supported my observations on the Euphorbiaceae (cf. Lanjouw, The Euphorbiaceae of Surinam pp. 70—84). For the preparation of a map of this distribution I studied the african species and after a careful examination I noted a number of important differences between the african species and the american ones. Part of these differences were never noticed before and no attention has ever been given to these facts. The first error in this case was made by Baillon. Most probably he had not seen T. amazonicus Poepp. et Endl. when he described his T. africanus. This is still more striking as he described in the same paper his genus Lanessania based on L. turbinata, which is a true Trymatococcus species. It is very curious that it was not possible for Baillonto observe his mistake because in his Histoire des Plantes (vol. VI. p. 199) he states „filamentis aestivatione inflexis vel nunc suberectis”. One can not understand why he did not observe that at least one of the species of Trymatococcus is the same as his genus Lanessania. After Baillon’s publication, we could say that we had got two type species, one american (Tr. amazonicus Poepp. et Endl.) and one african (Tr. africanus Baill.). Apparently Engler did not study exactly Tr. amazonicus Poepp. et Endl. when he described his new species though he states (Monogr. Afr. Pfl. fam. I. Morac. p. 28); ”Ein besonders auffallender Unterschied im Bau der Blüte und Frucht is nicht zu constatieren; bei der amerikanischen Art sind die männlichen Blüten dreimännig mit dreiteiliger Blütenhülle, bei den afrikanischen Arten sind sie zweimännig”. Likewise Ducke knew apparently only the american species when he pointed out the new place for this genus in the family. By these reasons only it is explained how confusion has crept into this genus. I have studied many specimens of Trymatococcus from the following herbaria: Berlin-Dahlem, British Museum (Natural History Museum), Kew, Leiden, Paris and Utrecht. I wish to express mv sincere thanks to the directors for their hospitality or fore sending the material on loan.

Beschreibung: Es handelt sich hier um ein grosses, zusammenhängendes Hochmoorgebiet, das sich nord-süd über 20 km, ost-west über 10 km ausdehnt. Im Süden und Westen ist es grösstenteils abgetorft. Die besonders im Zentrum und Osten noch erhaltenen Teile sind durch die intensive Trockenlegung meist verheidet; stellenweise, so in den „Engbertsdijkvenen”, wo grosse Flächen heute wenig entwässert sind, findet sich eine lebende Sphagnumdecke (Taf. III). (Lit. 5). Das Moor liegt auf pleistozänem Untergrunde (Fluvioglazial der Riss-Eiszeit und Niederterrasse der Würmeiszeit); im Osten und Westen stosst es an diluviale Rücken; im Nordwesten bildet die Niederterrasse der Vechte die Grenze. Im Südosten und Osten schliesst sich eine ausgedehnte Versumpfungszone an, während sich im Westen zwischen den Hügeln isolierte, ähnliche Bildungen vorfinden. Es handelt sich hier wahrscheinlich um ein Entwässerungsgebiet des Hochmoores. Ein prae-rissglazialer mit nördlichen Erratica bestreuter Rücken dringt vom Osten her, parallel dem Vechtetal, ungefähr bis in die Mitte, in das Moor vor. Für eine ausführliche Angabe der geologischen Verhältnisse verweisen wir auf die „Geologische Kaart van Nederland” vom „Rijks Geologische Dienst” (Blätter Almeloo I und II; Koevorden III und IV). Wir sammelten eine Anzahl Probenreihen. Die angeführten Analysen beziehen sich auf eine süd-nord gerichtete Profillinie im östlichen Teil des Gebietes (Paterswal 1 u. 2, Engbertsdijk, Bruine Haar) und ein Punktprofil im Nordwesten (Boerendijk), nahe dem Vechtetal.

Beschreibung: Recent study of the copious material of Melastomaceae conserved in the Botanisch Museum en Herbarium at Utrecht has shown the existence of several undescribed species in Surinam and has given new ideas on the taxonomic status of a few other species. These results are presented below, in advance of the treatment of the family in the „Flora of Surinam”. Ernestia Pullei Gleason, sp. nov. Suffruticosa 4 dm. alta. Caulis purpureo-brunneus 4-angulatus dense glanduloso-pubescens, internodiis 10—15 mm. longis. Petioli graciles 5—10 mm. longi glanduloso-villosi. Laminae tenues ovatae usque ad 25 mm. longae 17 mm. latae acutae minutissime serrulatae basi cordulatae 5-nerviae, supra sparse minuteque glanduloso-pilosae, subtus dense cinereo-tomentellae. Paniculae magnae terminales ramosae 8—12 cm. longae multiflorae glanduloso-polisae, bracteis minimis oblongis. Florum 4- merorum non bene conservatorum structura difficiliter et fortasse non rite observanda. Hypanthium tubuloso-campanulatum 8-costatum dense glanduloso-pilosum. Sepala erecta triangularia acuta sparse glandulosa 1.6 mm. longa. Petala non visa. Stamina valde dimorpha. Filamenta glabra erecta gracilia 3-7 mm. longa. Antherae lineari-subulatae, staminum episepalorum horizontales 4.2 mm. longae, connectivo subtereti in semicirculum 1.5 mm. diam. curvato et supra insertionem filamenti in appendices 2 V-forme connatas dilatato, ad angulam externam appendicum inserto; appendicibus in angulo interno ad filamentum affixis, triangulari-subulatis 3.2 mm. longis, infra filamentum attenuatis in calcaria filiformia et interdum calcaribus similibus lateralibus 1 vel 2 ornatis; antherae staminum epipetalorum erectae 3.3 mm. longae, connectivo ad angulam 90° deflexo 1 mm. longo, infra insertionem filamenti calcaria 2 lineari-subulata erecta 1.7 mm. longa gerente. Ovarium superum, teste cl. Pulle in schedis 3-loculare, sed in uno dissecto distinctissime 4-loculare; stylo stigmateque non visis; seminibus cochleatis.

Beschreibung: Endlicheria Nees (non Presl) in Linnaea 8 (1833), p. 37; id., Progr. (1833), p. 16; id., Syst. (1836), p. 365; Endl., Gen. (1837), p. 321; id., Ench. (1841), p. 197; Dietrich, Synops. Pl. 2 (1840), p. 1332, 1350; Spach, Hist. nat. Végét. X (1841), p. 473; Steudel, Nomencl. ed. 2 (1841), p. 554; Meissn., Gen. I (1836—43), p. 326, II, p. 238; Orbigny, Dict. univ. (1846), p. 259; Lindl., Veg. kgd. (1846), p. 537; Meissn. in D.C., Prodr. XV, 1 (1864), p. 172; id. in Fl. Bras. V, 2 (1866), p. 281; Baillon, Hist. II (1870), p. 480 in adnot.; Pfeiffer, Nomencl. (1873), p. 1201; Benth. in Benth. & Hook., Gen. III (1880), p. 153; Durand, Index Gen. (1888), p. 348 sub Aydendron; Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V (1889), p. 111; Pax in Engl.-Prantl, Pfl. Fam. III, 2 (1889), p. 122; dalla Torre & Harms, Gen. (1900—07), p. 178 sub Aniba; Post & Kuntze, Lexicon (1904), p. 197; Lemée, Dict. 2 (1929), p. 857; Benoist in Arch. Bot. V (1931), p. 63; Kostermans in Meded. Bot. Mus. Utrecht 25 (1936), p. 41; id. in Pulle, F1. Surin. 2 (1936), p. 327. – Goeppertia Nees, Syst, l.c., p. 354, 365 (non alibi nec aliis); Endl., Gen., l.c., p. 321, n. 2051; id., Ench., l.c., p. 197; Dietrich, l.c., p. 1332, 1350; Spach., l.c., p. 473; Steudel, l.c., p. 697; Reichb., Nomencl. (1861), p. 70, n. 2659; Meissn., Gen. I, p. 326, II, p. 238; Orbigny, l.c., p. 259; Lindl., l.c., p. 537; Meissn. in D.C., l.c., p. 172; id. in Fl. Bras., l.c., p. 281; Baillon, l.c., p. 480; Pfeiffer, l.c., p. 1473; Benth., l.c., p. 153; Durand, l.c., p. 348 sub Aydendron; Mez, l.c.; Pax, l.c., p. 122; dalla Torre & Harms, l.c., p. 178 sub Aniba; Post & Kuntze, l.c., p. 253; Kosterm. in Meded., l.c. – Schauera Nees in Lindley, Nat. Syst. ed. 2 (1836), p. 202 in adnot. (non aliis nec alibi); Endl., l.c., p. 321; id., Ench., p. 197; Meissn., Gen. II, l.c., p. 238; Orbigny, l.c., p. 259; Lindl., Veg. kgd., l.c., p. 537; Benth., l.c., p. 153; Durand, l.c., p. 348 sub Aydendron; Mez, l.c.; Pfeiffer, l.c., p. 1071; dalla Torre & Harms, l.c., p. 178 sub Aniba; Post & Kuntze, l.c., p. 503; Lemée, l.c., p. 1006. – Schaueria Nees ex Meissn. in D.C., l.c., p. 172; id. in Fl. Bras., l.c., p. 281 (non aliis); Baillon, l.c., p. 480; Pax, l.c., p. 122. – Ampelodaphne Meissn. in D.C., l.c., p. 81; id. in Fl. Bras, l.c., p. 167; Baillon, l.c., p. 473; Pfeiffer, l.c., p. 1071; Benth., l.c., p. 153; Durand, l.c., p. 348 sub Aydendron; Pax, l.c., p. 122; dalla Torre & Harms, l.c., p. 178 n. 2812; Post & Kuntze, l.c., p. 24; Lemée, Dict., l.c., p. 210; Kosterm. in Meded., l.c. – Aydendron Griseb. (non Nees), p.p. in Fl. Brit. W. Ind. isl. (1860), p. 284; Benth., l.c., p. 153; Mez, l.c. – Huberodaphne Ducke in Arch. Jard. Rio de Janeiro 4 (1925), p. 191; Lemèe, Dict., l.c., 3 (1931), p. 661. Type species: Endlicheria hirsuta Nees.

Beschreibung: Juniperus macropoda Boiss. Fl. Orient. V (1884) p. 709; Hooker Fl. Br. Ind. V (1890) p. 647. Umlung (Thalam-buti valley) 4200 m, 28 July no. 58. Big shrubs.

Beschreibung: Demand for space have necessitated the closure of the Herbarium associated with the Botany Department, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia (BRIU, formerly listed under BRISBANE). The collections went to BRI. The Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) together with the Forest Departments of Sabah and Sarawak recently initiated the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak Project. This aims to document all tree species occurring in these states following the format of the Tree Flora of Malaya.

Beschreibung: As an integrated part of the highly successful second Flora Malesiana Symposium held in Yogyakarta from 7—12 September 1992, a workshop on four major aspects included in the Flora Malesiana Action Plan (viz.: 1. Fund raising; 2. Recruitment of new authors; 3. Training and exchange programmes; 4. Flora Malesiana Checklist) was conducted on 11 and 12 September. On 11 September four groups discussed these items under the chairmanships of respectively John Burley, Marco Roos, Mien Rifai, and Peter van Welzen. The discussion group on training attracted by far the largest number of participants. Recommendations by the discussion groups were submitted to a plenary session on 12 September, chaired by Pieter Baas. The resulting recommendations to the Board of the Flora Malesiana Foundation and to all with an interest in the plant diversity of the Malesian region were unanimously adopted.

Beschreibung: AKIYAMA, H. 1992. Taxonomic studies of mosses of Seram and Ambon (Moluccas, East Malesia) collected by Indonesian-Japanese botanical expeditions. V. Hypopterygiaceae. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 43:111-120, illus. — 9 species, 1 new comb. in Cyathophorum. ARTS, T. & P. SOLLMAN. 1991. Remarks on Phascum leptophyllum C. Müll., an earlier name for Tortula rhizophylla (Sak.) Iwats. & K. Saito. Lindbergia 17: 20-27, illus. — Synonymy; taxonomical position uncertain; new record for Malesia (Papua New Guinea).

Beschreibung: Mr. J.H.A. AHMAD (BRUN) spent 1991 at K to study herbarium techniques. Dr. H. AKIYAMA (KYO) moved to TI in April 1992. Although his collections are kept in KYO, all communications on the specimens (request on loan, exchange, etc.) should be addressed to his new address.

Beschreibung: The Palanan Wilderness is a large, circular wildlife reserve encompassing the land and sea within a 45 km radius centered around the Palanan Point in Isabela Province on the northeastern coast of Luzon Island. It was set aside by the Philippine government in 1979 to protect the fast diminishing indigenous fauna and flora of the Sierra Madre Range. Aerial reconnaissance shows that the wilderness consists of a nearly continuous canopy of rain forests extending all the way from the crests of Sierra Madre Range eastwards and downwards to the Pacific Ocean and is minimally interrupted by human settlements along the alluvial plain of Palanan River and a few landing points along the coast. The flora of the Palanan Wilderness is representative of the Sierra Madre Range in northern Luzon. It is very diverse and largely undocumented. In 1961, Mr. H. GUTIERREZ of the Philippine National Herbarium collected briefly in the forested area between the towns of San Mariano and Palanan and made the only known collection of a unique monotypic Philippine fern, Podosorus angustatus. Later in 1968 the JACOBS & MENDOZA expedition to the vicinity of Dingalan and Baler South of the Palanan Wilderness made 421 collections, one fifth of which proved to be new to science. Botanically speaking, the area is at present still one of the least known regions in the country (Tan & Rojo, 1989).

Beschreibung: Recognizing the vital role that a herbarium plays in instruction, research, and public service, the Cebu State College of Science and Technology College of Agriculture (CSCSTCA) in Lahug, Cebu City, the Philippines, founded a herbarium in June 1987. It is a very humble scientific project of the Agricultural Biology Laboratory of the College, and it is the second in the entire region, the USC Herbarium being the first (Seidenschwarz, 1990). The 4 year old CSCST-CA Herbarium started with very few specimens collected by the author from Cabra Islet, Lubang Island, Occidental Mindoro, which he had made as part of his M.Sc. degree at the University of the Philippines at Los Baños (UPLB) (see also Buot, 1988). Since 1987 the Herbarium has steadily increased its collections through the help of Ecology and Biology students.

Beschreibung: The Malayan Nature Society is organizing a Scientific Expedition to Belum on the Northern border of Perak with Thailand to take place for one year after about August, 1993. It is intended to prepare an inventory for biodiversity for the proposed National Park, not a general collecting trip. Specialists and other serious visitors are expected within a reasonable period to stay for an extended time to study a defined, limited subject and to prepare a report for the inventory as soon as possible. For further information please contact the Executive Secretary of the Society, Miss Lee Su Win, POB 10750, 50724 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Beschreibung: Since January 1991, Mr. J. KARTASUBRATA (BO) is the third General Editor, focusing on forestry aspects. He is based at the Network Office in 80. The other General Editors are Dr. P.C.M. JANSEN (botanical aspects) and Dr. E. WESTPHAL (agronomical aspects), both based at the Publication Office in WAG. On May 13-15, 1991, the Executive Board (Dr. A. SOEGIARTO, chairman, Dr. H.C. VAN DER PLAS, vice-chairman) met in WAG. Financial affairs were discussed and the first Board of Trustees meeting, scheduled for October 1991, was prepared. A contract between the PROSEA Foundation and PUDOC (Publisher, WAG) was signed. Copyrights and profits are equally shared by PROSEA and PUDOC. PUDOC is responsible for the hardbound edition of the handbook and the bibliographic database products, whereas PROSEA is responsible for the paperback editions (English and translations). PUDOC provides free of charge documentation facilities (e.g. CATALOG).

Beschreibung: Under the funding from the United States National Cancer Institute (NCI)¹, a program was undertaken to collect plant samples in Southeast Asia to be tested for their cancer- and AIDS-arresting properties, for the period of September 1, 1986 through August 31, 1991. The program was implemented with the collaboration of the Arnold Arboretum and the Bishop Museum. Botanists from these and other institutions collaborated in the field work operation for the program, among others: J.S. BURLEY (A), B.C. STONE (BISH), D.G. FRODIN (Philadelphia), F.-C. HO (HCT), D.A. MADULID (PNH), W. MEIJER (KY), T. SMITINAND (BKF), E. SOEPADMO (KLU), W. TAKEUCHI (BISH), E. WIDJAJA (BO), and W.J.J.O. DE WILDE (L). During the 5-year period, 35 botanical collecting trips of 4-12 weeks duration were carried out in the tropical rain forests of Thailand (265 collection numbers), Malaysia (Malay Peninsula, Sarawak, Sabah; 964), Taiwan (43), the Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Mindoro, Palawan; 1360), Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Seram, Irian Jaya; 878), and Papua New Guinea (463). More than 10,000 plant samples, each 400—1000 gram dry weight, were collected and delivered to the NCI Frederick Cancer Center (Frederick, Maryland, U.S.A.) under a USDA special import permit. Every one of these samples was specially numbered and documented with properly labeled voucher herbarium specimens. These voucher specimens were processed at the John G. Searle Herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, and were distributed to, among others, the following herbaria: A, F, L, and US; a set of relevant duplicates was also deposited in the herbarium of each host botanical institution in the respective country of collection. A database of the collection (DBase 3+, IBM PC XT/AT) is maintained both at the University of Illinois at Chicago and at the NCI’s Frederick Cancer Center. More than 2,500 species of flowering plants, belonging to more than 1,000 genera in 214 families (based on the family concept used in Willis and Airy Shaw, Dictionary of Flowering Plants and Ferns, 1980) were collected. Seventy percent of the collection has been identified to species. Although field ethnobotanical inquiries on the medicinal uses of the plants collected have not been extensively made, many plants collected do have information on their folk medicinal uses.

Beschreibung: Australasian Bryological Newsletter — Although there have been already 26 issues, this journal has only now come to our attention. It appears bi-annually, in June and December, and is circulated without charge to all those interested within Australasia and overseas. Write to Mr. P.J. DALTON, Plant Science department, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-C, Hobart (Tasm.)—7001, Australia. Issue 26 with 8 pages reported on the Second Australasian Bryophyte Workshop, Canberra, 1991; a list of recent literature, inclusive some Malesian items; personal news; forthcoming publications and events. The Herbarium Pacificum (BISH) has been awarded a further four-year subcontract with the University of Illinois to collect plants in Papua New Guinea for the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The subcontract begins in September 1992.

Beschreibung: Suprageneric epithets have been entered under the family name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (subfamily, tribe, etc.). Infrageneric epithets have been entered immediately under the generic name to which they belong, preceeded by the indication of their rank (subgenus, section, etc.). Infraspecific epithets have been entered under the specific name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (subspecies, variety, forma, etc.). Synonyms have been printed in italics. Page numbers in bold type denote main treatment; an asterisk behind a page number denotes the presence of a figure of the concerned taxon.

Beschreibung: The taxonomic position and rank of the only genus Pentastemona has been under discussion since Van Steenis (1982) described the genus in the Stemonaceae. Dahlgren et al. (1985) found it highly distinctive and suggested it worthy of family rank. Later on more material of P. sumatrana and P. egregia has become available facilitating a more accurate description of the androgynoecium. Conspicuous differences from the Stemonaceae, viz. the inferior ovary, the five pouches caused by the fusion of connectives and stigma (especially well-developed in P. egregia), the berry-like fruit and the exotesta (sarcotesta) of the seed, warranted the distinction of a separate new family for the genus. Note — Pentastemona is the first genus in the Monocotyledons with normally regular 5-merous flowers. Checked on abundant material, occasional flowers with 4 or 6 perianth lobes and stamens occur in both species.

Beschreibung: A new ascomycetous genus, Ramgea, related to genera of the Thelebolaceae, is proposed with Ramgea annulispora, spec. nov. as type species.

Beschreibung: Described from oak apple galls and fallen buds of Quercus robur in the Netherlands and recently synonymized with Ciborinia candolleana, Sclerotinia bresadolae is reinstated as an independent species after studying Rick’s type material in Oudemans’s herbarium and fresh collections on oak apples from England and Germany. According to Boudier’s figures and published descriptions, and the study of two English collections, Ciborinia hirtella seems to be a synonym.

Beschreibung: Several times a small, unknown species of Coprinus has been found on paths covered with wood-chips and on composted vegetable refuse. The basidiocarps of this species look like miniature fruit-bodies of C. lagopus. As in literature no suitable name could be found, it is described here as new. I consider it an honour to name the species after Dr. R. A. Maas Geesteranus on the occasion of his 80th birthday.

Beschreibung: Eighteen taxa in section Phoma with conidia usually shorter than 5.5 µm are keyed out and described on account of their characteristics in vitro. Two taxa from section Sclerophomella are added because they have very similar characters in vitro. The following new binomials have been proposed: Phoma dictamnicola Boerema, de Gruyter & Noordel., nom. nov., Phoma dorenboschii Noordel. & de Gruyter, spec. nov., Phoma minutispora P.N. Mathur, nom. nov., and Phoma opunticola Boerema, de Gruyter & Noordel., spec. nov. Hostfungus and fungus-host indices are provided and short comments on the ecology and distribution of the taxa are given.

Beschreibung: While Entodon concinnus was considered almost extinct in the Netherlands, no less than six ‘new’ localities were discovered in 1990/91, all of them in elevated parts of outer-meadows along branches of the Rhine system (fig. 2). This moss appeared to thrive on somewhat open spots in the turf of dry pastures on lime-rich sand containing traces of clay, especially on mole-hills and on south-exposed slopes. All sites are grazed part of the year and most of them are situated in nature reserves. The vegetation in which Entodon occurs, belongs to the association Medicagini-Avenetum pubescentis (table 1). The 10 relevés show a striking mutual similarity: constant species (present in 7 or more relevés; Entodon itself being left out of consideration) have a presence share of 49%. The relations between the Medicagini-Avenetum and chalk grasslands (alliance Mesobromion, class Festuco-Brometea) are discussed. It is stated that while vascular plants characteristic of the Festuco-Brometea do not play a prominent role in the Medicagini-Avenetum, Entodon concinnus constitutes a link between both unities. This is especially true as it is accompanied in some of its stations by Homalothecium lutescens and/or Thuidium abietinum, which occur together with Entodon in chalk grasslands in several parts of Europe. As to the recent discovery of E. concinnus in the Dutch riverine area (apart from one 19th-century record), the question is asked whether it should be considered a recent arrival. This supposition is denied, because 1) the moss never shows fructification in this part of its area, nor does it produce gemmae, so that anemochorous long-distance dispersal is virtually to be excluded; 2) its stations are hardly ever reached by river water, making dispersal of entire plants unlikely; 3) the Medicagini-Avenetum in which it occurs, has more or less a relic distribution. It is concluded that bryologists did not search in the right habitat and that vegetation investigators (probably overwhelmed by the floweriness of these pastures) have overlooked the moss hitherto.

Beschreibung: In the Netherlands Scrophularia auriculata is only common in the south of Limburg; in the remaining part of the country it is mainly a river companion. The distribution map (Fig. 1) is exclusively based on herbarium specimens. Because the species has often been confused with other Scrophularia species, a request is made to collect more specimens in order to adjust the distribution pattern of S. auriculata.

Beschreibung: The ultrastructure of the ascus apical apparatus is compared in 19 species of the Hymenoscyphoideae, currently placed in seven genera. The ascus wall consists of an outer layer of two strata, and an inner layer of also two, and in one species of three strata. At the apex only the inner layer increases in thickness. On the basis of the general morphology and PA-TCH-SP reactivity pattern of the apex five main groups are recognized. A further division into subgroups is also outlined. The most important diagnostic features used in the analysis are the relative development and the reactivity pattern of the apical thickening, the occurrence of an annular protrusion, the structure and the reactivity pattern of the annulus, and the apex maturation pattern. In addition to the electron micrographs diagrammatic schemes are given to illustrate the author’s interpretation. The species studied are thus arranged as follows: Group 1a. Hymenoscyphus caudatus, H. fructigenus, H. salicellus, H. salicinus, and Bisporella pallescens; 1b. H. imberbis and Phaeohelotium subcarneum; 1c. H. consobrinus, H. repandus, and Crocicreas pallidum; 1d. Discinella boudieri; Group 2a. H. herbarum; 2b. Pezizella gemmarum; 2c. Chlorociboria aeruginascens and Pezizella alniella; 2d. Crocicreas cyathoideum [var. cyathoideum]; Group 3. Bisporella sulfurina; Group 4. Cudoniella clavus var. grandis; Group 5. Cudoniella acicularis. Most fundamental are considered firstly the position of the annulus in the apical thickening, either partly (groups 1, 2, 4, 5) or fully (3) occupying the thickening, either associated (2, 4, 5) or not associated with an annular protrusion (1), and secondly the dehiscence mechanism, either an eversion of the annulus over an angle of about 90° (1, 2, 3?, 4) or a twostep mechanism (5) previously undescribed in Leotiales. The absence of an amyloid reaction in the apex, which is a diagnostic feature in Cudoniella acicularis and C. clavus var. grandis, is based on two fundamentally different structures in these species. The apex in the last mentioned fungus closely resembles that in Ombrophila violacea, while the apex in C. acicularis is unique in general morphology and dehiscence mechanism. The ultrastructural data of the apical apparatus are found to correlate with characters of excipulum anatomy, especially in the genera Hymenoscyphus and Bisporella. Their importance in segregating more natural genera from large ill-defined genera like Hymenoscyphus or Pezizella is discussed.

Beschreibung: The present paper describes the diversity in floral characters of Annonaceae and their distribution over the family, and discusses their value for classification and generic delimitation. Flower morphology predominated historical classifications of this family since Hooker & Thomson (1855) introduced floral characters to divide the Asiatic genera into a number of tribes. Since then, several taxonomists presented a classification of the Annonaceae using floral characters, which classifications, however, are generally felt as unnatural. A survey of the flower morphology of all genera reveals a reticulate distribution of floral character states. Classification of the genera, as presented in this study, learns that floral characters different from those in previous classifications should be used if one aims at a better correlation with non-floral features. The chromosome number in this respect turned out to be an important character. Classification of the neotropical genera is relatively easy compared with classification of the African and Asiatic genera. Current genus delimitations in many cases are disputable. The functional aspects of the flower morphology are discussed in connection with a literature survey of the results from field studies on flower biology of Annonaceae. Some remarks on evolutionary aspects are added.

Beschreibung: This special issue of Persoonia is dedicated to Dr. R. A. Maas Geesteranus who celebrated his 80th birthday on January the 20th 1991 in good health and spirits. Dr. Maas Geesteranus retired in 1976. On this occasion a biographical note and a list of his publications were published (Persoonia 8: 335-343. 1976). What only could be hoped then has fortunately come true: he intensively continued his excellent research in the taxonomy of macromycetes. In the last fifteen years an uninterrupted stream of more than 50 papers were published.

Beschreibung: 396 fungi are recorded in or around the only indigenous woodland in the Orkney islands.

Beschreibung: J. J. Smith was born June 29th, 1867, at Antwerp, where his father was the director of the Netherlands’ Railway Post Office. In 1872 the family moved to Utrecht and in 1875 to Amsterdam. Smith spent his school days in the capital. His leisure hours were occupied by growing and sketching plants and tending such animals as mice and keeping an aquarium and a terrarium. His 10th birthday was celebrated by the establishment of a private herbarium, the first plant inserted being Bellis perennis. His years at secondary school were greatly influenced by the then teacher of Natural History, Dr J. C. Costerus, who advised Smith to look for a position in horticulture. Horticultural schools being not yet ”en vogue“, Smith got his education in this field at the Horticulturist’s Messrs Groenewegen & Co., Amsterdam. In these years the Orchids began to impress him and Smith spent his few free hours in making pictures of flowering species. The connection with Dr Costerus was continued. Together they looked after their herbaria and later on started to study teratologica, found in the Groenewegen gardens and greenhouses, a field in which both would publish several valuable papers later on. After having been working for his firm for 3½ years, Smith went to Kew where he stayed one year and afterwards to Brussels for completing his horticultural knowledge and skill. At Brussels he was working one year in the famous Orchid nursery of Messrs Linden, and then another year at the ”Jardin Botanique“.

Beschreibung: Pendant une tournée du chalutier ”De Lanessan“ de l’Institut Océanographique de Nhatrang (Annam) vers le récif Tizard¹) en avril 1936, une collection d’algues marines a été constituée, provenant des îlots Itu-Aba, Sand Caye et Nam Yit. La situation de ces îlots est environ 10° de latitude Nord et 114° de longitude Est. Qu’il me soit permis de remercier M. R. Serène de l’Institut Océanographique de l’Indochine à Cauda par Nhatrang, qui m’a confié l’étude de cette collection.

Beschreibung: In continuation of a previous publication by Lam, in which meiomery and pleiomery in male flowers of Canarium decumanum were described, the same phenomenon is now discussed concerning the fruits of C. Mehenbethene (176 of one single tree) and C. commune (1126 fruits mixed from more than one tree). An investigation of the material gave the following results: 1. C. commune and C. Mehenbethene are closely related; the latter may prove to be a polyploid of the former. Their areas are partly overlapping, but C. commune has its centre in the Moluccas, C. Mehenbethene in New Guinea and W. Polynesia. 2. A tendency to reduce the number of ovules and carpels in the ovary is assumed. By means of a statistical method (”phase index“) the position of either species in the phases of this regression is indicated. 3. From this, it is concluded that C. Mehenbethene represents a more advanced phase than C. commune and that therefore an eastward migration must be accepted. This agrees with other facts stated earlier, both in the Burseraceae and in other plant families of western origin. 4. In Canarium commune pleiomery is found in 2.3% of the fruits, meiomery in 0.45%, which agrees fairly well with the figures found earlier for the corolla and the androeceum of the male flowers of C. decumanum (0.9% and 0.3% respectively). 5. The desirability is expressed to investigate the following points: a. the ontogeny and the fertilization of ovaries and ovules in Canarium. b. cytological relations between related trees in the tropics, especially as far as they may supply indications towards migration tracks (cf. the work of Hagerup on Vaccinium [Hereditas 18, 1933]). c. the ”phase index“ of a number of related Canarium species. d. the exact distribution of some of the phases mentioned along those migration tracks which are both geologically and biogeographically supported (e.g. Sunda centre—Philippines, Philippines—Moluccas—New Guinea, New Guinea—Moluccas—Central Celebes, Malay Peninsula—Sumatra—Java, etc.).

Beschreibung: Im Jahre 1907 wurde ich als Botaniker der Gouvernements China-Plantagen in Tjinjiroean bei Pengalengan, West-Java, angestellt, wo ich bis 1916 arbeitete. Tjinjiroean liegt etwa 1566 m über dem Meere und hat ein sehr feuchtes Klima. Es war sehr interessant nachzugehen, welche aus der Ebene von Java und aus Europa eingeführten Pflanzen dort wachsen würden. Was würde der Einfluss des Klimas, der Meereshöhe, der Temperatur, u.s.w. auf die Pflanzen sein? In Tjinjiroean fand ich sogleich viele eingeführte Pflanzen, welche dort üppig wuchsen. In den Chinaplantagen fand ich Georginen und Tropaeolum majus L. verwildert; in meinem Garten blühte Richardia africana Kunth reichlich, bildete Früchte, welche wieder zahlreiche Pflanzen lieferten. Nur einige interessante Pflanzen werde ich hier weiter erwähnen.

Beschreibung: Een man, die zich nimmer op den voorgrond stelde en wiens naam toch in de geheele botanische wereld bekend is, moet wel heel wat in die wereld hebben gepresteerd. Zoo’n man is Dr J. J. Smith, die op 29 Juni 1937 zijn 70sten verjaardag viert. Zeventig jaar te worden is op zichzelf beschouwd geen verdienste, maar het geeft vrienden en vereerders zulk een mooie gelegenheid den jubilaris eens te toonen, hoe zeer men zijn werk waardeert!

Beschreibung: Het lijkt mij niet mogelijk een juisten indruk te krijgen van de beteekenis van J. J. Smith’s phytographisch werk voor den huidigen kweeker, zonder de belangrijkste phasen in de geschiedenis der Orchidophilie in Europa kort te schetsen, die aan dit werk zijn voorafgegaan. Deze geschiedenis heeft zich practisch geheel in Engeland afgespeeld. Dit machtige rijk, in zijn gouden eeuw onbetwist heerscher ter zee, had ter behartiging van zijne overzeesche belangen de beschikking over een kolossale handelsvloot. De bemanningen der schepen voerden van heinde en verre allerlei rariteiten mede, ook levende planten en dieren. Op deze wijze kwamen in de laatste helft der achttiende eeuw de eerste exotische Orchideeën binnen uit gebieden, die niet al te ver van Engeland af lagen: Jamaica, de Bahama-eilanden, Trinidad.

Beschreibung: Het is mij een bijzonder voorrecht, om uit het leven van Dr Smith eenige bijzonderheden te mogen vertellen, waarvan enkele wellicht minder algemeen bekend zijn. Deels heb ik de gegevens geput uit datgene wat van zijn levensloop bekend is, deels stammen ze uit mijn persoonlijk contact met Dr Smith, en de gelegenheid van dit jubileum lijkt mij bij uitstek geschikt om dezen te bescheiden werker in het licht te plaatsen waarin hij behoort te staan. In de beginjaren van mijn loopbaan als Hortulanus van ’s Lands Plantentuin was Dr Smith voor mij de groote vraagbaak, was hij de man die met zijn groote liefde voor en zijn uitgebreide kennis van den Plantentuin mij als het ware heeft ingewerkt en opgeleid.

Beschreibung: Some collections which I received recently, contain interesting addenda to former studies of the paleotropical Frullaniaceae (cf. especially “De Frullaniaceis VII”, Ann. Bryol. Suppl. Vol. I, 1930) and Lejeuneaceae Holostipae (esp. “De Frullaniaceis XVII”, Ann. Bryol. Suppl. Vol. IV, 1934).

Beschreibung: Durch die extremen Existenzbedingungen, welche die Mangroven als: Formation bestimmen, sollte man glauben, dass die ökologischen Probleme, die sich in dieser Hinsicht zeigen, leicht gelöst werden könnten, um so mehr, weil diese Pflanzengenossenschaft relativ arm an Arten ist. Dass dies jedoch nicht der Fall ist, möge hier im Hinblick auf die Verbreitung der Lumnitzera-Arten im Malaiischen Archipel mit einigen Beispielen gezeigt werden. Im Jahre 1924 habe ich kurz auf die Verbreitung von 3 Lumnitzera- Arten im genannten Gebiet hingewiesen ¹). Meine Absicht war, speziell auf die unerklärliche Erscheinung aufmerksam zu machen, dass L. littorea (Jack) Voigt das Küstengebiet rund um die Java See, im Gegensatz zu L. racemosa Willd., vermeidet, obwohl beide Arten nicht nur in, sondern auch ausserhalb des Malaiischen Archipels vorkommen, ja selbst zusammen in ziemlicher Nähe angetroffen werden. Bevor wir diese Erscheinung noch einmal näher betrachten, möchte ich an der Hand von beigefügter Karte (Fig. 1) das gesamte Verbreitungsgebiet nachgehen. Dieses Gebiet liegt nahezu vollkommen innerhalb der Wendekreise der alten Welt ²): Die Mangroven, wozu Lumnitzera gehört, finden als selbständige Waldoder Gebüschformation ihre natürliche Begrenzung ungefähr auf den gleichen Breiten. Nur L. racemosa überschreitet grade an 2 Stellen die- Wendekreise: An der Ostküste von Afrika streckt sie sich südlich vom Steinbrockkreis bis in die Mangroven bei Durban aus, während sie nördlich vom Wendekreis des Krebses noch in dem Riu Kiu (Lu Tschu) Archipel, nördlich von Formosa vorkommt.

Beschreibung: De publicatie van dit deel is mogelijk gemaakt door den geldelijken steun van vele van Smith’s vrienden, wier handteekeningen zijn vereenigd in een album, dat hem is aangeboden tezamen met dit Jubileum-Supplement van „Blumea” en de speciale aflevering van het „Bulletin du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg”. Het oude Menangkabausche echte gouddraadweefsel uit Kota Gadang, dat heeft gediend voor de banden van het album en van de voor Dr Smith bestemde exemplaren van „Blumea” en het „Bulletin”, dankt het Comité ad hoc aan Dr E. R. Jacobson te Bandoeng.

Beschreibung: The Kimberley is an extremely rugged area in NW Australia extending over 170,000 square kilometers. It has always been one of the biologically unknown wilderness areas of the world. The presence of rainforest in this part of the continent was not even known before 1965. In 1986 a three-year exploration was started to unravel its mysteries. The results of this study are laid down in the present volume which deals with a variety of subjects, such as: soil, vegetation, floristics, landsnails, scorpions, spiders, insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals and nature conservation. The forest is of the monsoon type and consists of a number of patches varying from a clump of a few trees to 100 hectare. In many places these patches are continuous with mangrove or riverine forest. The total area of rainforest is only 0.005 percent of the Kimberley region. According to Malesian standards the flora is relatively poor: 453 species are on record. The fact that all but one (Hibiscus peralbus) of these are wide-spread in tropical Australia, most of them even outside Australia, suggests that this vegetation type is recent.

Beschreibung: The genus Typhonium (Araceae-Areae) is revised for Australasia. Fourteen species are recognised. Two are introduced. Of the twelve indigenous, eleven are endemic to the region. Six aré new to science. Typhonium millarii F.M. Bailey is reduced to synonymy with T. angustilobum F. Muell. Illustrations and distribution maps are provided. Keys are given to the genera of geophytic Aroideae in Australasia and to the species of Typhonium. Apparent affinity between two new Australian Typhonium species and the Indian genus Theriophonum is noted. It is suggested that Australasian representation of Areae is mostly autochthonous and ancient rather than immigrant and comparatively recent in origin.

Beschreibung: The genus Willughbeia Roxb. is revised. A total of 15 species are recognised. One new combination is made. Urnularia Stapf is reduced to synonymy within Willughbeia. Species exclusae have been given as well as an index of exsiccatae.

Beschreibung: Species of Pandanus belonging to section Maysops St. John [this section is presently classified under subgenus Lophostigma (Brongn.) Stone], about 16 in all, occur in New Guinea, the adjacent Moluccas, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, and Northern Queensland, Australia. The majority (11) of the species are found in, and mostly limited to, New Guinea. Here these 11 species are reviewed, a key for identification is presented, and information on synonymous names, distribution, and certain critical aspects of morphology is included. In an appendix, the remaining species assigned to section Maysops are briefly listed. There are probably a few undescribed species.

Beschreibung: Sporoderm development has been studied in several species of polypodiaceous ferns belonging to the genera Microgramma Presl and Belvisia Mirbel. Both transmission and scanning electron microscopy have been applied, the latter technique including freeze-fracturing. This has shown a different succession of ontogenetic spore surface patterns in the two genera. For each genus, the ontogenetic series observed is also compared with mature spore surfaces in other congeneric species.

Beschreibung: The kernel of this book consists of an enumeration of some 1600 publications of importance to the flora of the Mascarenes (East of Madagascar; main islands Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues), arranged alphabetically by author. Fairly often a short note is given on contents and importance. Counterpart to this enumeration is an extensive Subject Index which gives many different entries to the first part. The practical value of a book like the present one depends primarily on its completeness, secondarily on its selectivity. As to the first point, this is not easy to check. Comparison with the literature on some families the reviewer is acquainted with gave the impression that the enumeration is still (rather?) incomplete. Therefore, we may hope that future, ever more complete editions may follow. As to the second point, the inclusion of some obvious worldwide handbooks (Index Kewensis, Taxonomic Literature, Jackson’s Glossary of botanic terms, just to mention a few) seems of doubtful value, though other people may be of a different opinion.

Beschreibung: § 1. Das Ziel der Untersuchung war den Bau des Blütenstandes und der Blüten von Arceuthobium Dacrydii RIDLEY zu ermitteln und festzustellen, ob diese Pflanze wirklich ein Arceuthobium ist oder, wie eine oberflächliche Untersuchung des Blütenstandes es vermuten liess, eine Korthalsella; und falls letzteres sich wirklich als richtig herausstellen sollte, weiter festzustellen, wie der Bau des Andrözeums dieser Art ist, welches für Arten dieser Gattung von VAN TIEGHEM, HAYATA und LECOMTE in verschiedener Weise beschrieben wird. § 2. Material und Methode. Das Material zu dieser Untersuchung stammte von Pflanzen, welche 1931 von Zweigen von Podocarpus imbricata BLUME im Walde des Naturreservates Tjibodas auf dem Gunung Gedé in Westjava gesammelt wurden, und zwar teilweise von F. W. WENT oder C. G. G. J. VAN STEENIS s.n. (vgl. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 11, p. 456) und teilweise von W. M. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN (NO. 14166). Die letzteren wurden freundlichst vom Sammler aus seinen Privatsammlungen zur Verfügung gestellt. Die spezifische Identität mit dem ursprünglichen Arceuthobium Dacrydii wurde durch erneute Vergleichung mit dessen Typus, der sich im Besitze des Botanischen Gartens zu Singapore befindet und nochmals gütigst von der Direktion dieses Institutes für unsern Zweck zugesandt wurde, festgestellt.

Beschreibung: Since the revision of Olea for the Malesian region (Kiew, 1979), specimens of an interesting new species have been collected from Palawan Island, Philippines. It is interesting, not only because it is distinctive, but because it is the only Malesian Olea which grows on ultrabasic soil and, as it has been collected only from forest on this soil type, it suggests that it may be confined to it.

Beschreibung: The leaf anatomy of the Melastomataceae, Memecylaceae and Crypteroniaceae is surveyed on the basis of 179 samples representing 151 genera. The Melastomataceae appear to be leaf anatomically very heterogeneous. An unusual diversity of hair types is present, varying from simple unicellular hairs to very complex multicellular, non-glandular or glandular trichomes. Elongate multiseriate unbranched non-glandular hairs and short-stalked glandular hairs are most common. Stomata generally are polo-, dia-, tetra-, and anomocytic; other types and intermediate kinds also occur. A hypodermis is sometimes present. The mesophyll is usually dorsiventral, rarely isobilateral. Sclereids of various types are present in some genera. Crystals are usually druses, sometimes styloids. The vascular bundles in midrib and petiole are almost always bicollateral and only in some genera enclosed by sclerenchyma. The petiole contains an arc composed of widely spaced vascular bundles, sometimes accompanied by accessory bundles. The Memecylaceae are leaf anatomically rather homogeneous in the absence of multicellular hairs, mainly paracytic stomata, a simple vascularisation pattern, and xylem with alternating layers of tracheary elements in the midrib and petiole. The Crypteroniaceae are leaf anatomically characterized by the absence of hairs, mainly paracytic stomata, druses and styloids, and a complex vascular pattern. Leaf anatomy is used to discuss the (sub)families and tribal delimitation of the Melastomataceae alliance and modifications suggested by Van Vliet (1981) (subfamily Crypteronioideae) and Renner (1989a, c and 1992 in press and pers. communication). Leaf anatomy can support a family status of the Crypteroniaceae and also of the Memecylaceae. Within the Melastomataceae the Astronioideae (without Pternandra) are leaf anatomically so distinctive that they deserve a subfamily status. The phylogenetic affinities of Pternandra, which phenetically show an intermediate position between Astronioideae and Memecylaceae, remain at this stage unresolved. The Melastomatoideae are leaf anatomically very diverse and this heterogeneity does not lend support to the traditional classification into 12 tribes nor to alternative tribal classifications.

Beschreibung: Seaweeds are important components of tropical reef systems. The present paper deals with the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and noncoralline Rhodophyta collected by the first author in the Spermonde Archipelago, SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, during the Buginesia-III project (November 1988-November 1990). Additional collections from this area by Keblusek (July 1991-October 1991) were also studied and the results are incorporated in the present paper. The results of the present study are compared with those of the Siboga Expedition (1899-1900), of the Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands (1914-1916), and of the Snellius-II Expedition (1985). In total, 199 taxa (80 Chlorophyta belonging to 21 genera, 36 taxa of Phaeophyta belonging to 11 genera, 83 noncoralline Rhodophyta belonging to 40 genera, and about 35 taxa of coralline algae) were collected. Of these, 72 taxa are new records for Indonesia (17 Chlorophyta, 20 Phaeophyta, and 35 noncoralline Rhodophyta). Caulerpa buginense and Udotea flabellum f. longifolia are newly described. Keys to the genera, species, and forms are provided, and remarks on the economic potential of some of the seaweeds are included.

Beschreibung: The Salajar Islands strew the Flores Sea between Celebes and Flores. The group consists of no less than 73 smaller and larger islands. The principal islands are: Salajar or Tanadoang, Djampea, Kalao, Kalaotoa, and Bonerate. A number of smaller islands form together the group of the so-called Tiger Islands, and to the south of them arc the very small, low Pasitaloe Islands. The Salajar group is situated between Long. 119°50’ E. and 121°30’ E. and between Lat. 5°36’ S. and 7°25’ S. See the map on p. 240. In May 1913, I was enabled to visit this territory, thanks to a financial allowance of the „Maatschappij ter bevordering van het Natuurkundig Onderzoek der Nederlandsche Kolonien” (Society for the Promotion of the Scientific Investigation of the Netherlands Colonies), for short: „Treub Society”, and also of the „Provinciaal Utrechtsch Genootschap voor Kunsten en Wetenschappen” (Utrecht Provincial Society for Arts and Sciences). The publication of the present paper was enabled by financial support of the „Leidsch Universiteitsfonds” (Leiden University Fund). I beg to tender my best thanks for all this valuable support here.

Beschreibung: The discriminating characters of some genera of the family Stemonaceae (incl. Stemona) and the genus Pentastemona (formerly in the Stemonaceae) have been amply discussed by the present author (1991). The discussion resulted in the statement that Pentastemona represents a family of its own, Pentastemonaceae, beside Stemonaceae. The forthcoming treatment of both families in Flora Malesiana (Duyfjes, 1992) requires the formal description of Pentastemonaceae. The supporting considerations for the distinction of the new family are briefly enumerated again: Pentastemonaceae (Pentastemona) Stemonaceae Growth habit monopodial sympodial Leaves dispersed distichous, opposite or verticillate Petioles shortly sheathing at the base not sheathing at the base Scale leaves on the rootstocks no scale leaves present Inflorescences essentially compound not compound Flowers 5-merous, tepals and stamens in one whorl each 4-merous, tepals and stamens each in two whorls of two Stamens connectives, together with the top of the hypanthium and the ovary grown into a complicated disk-like structure filamentous, connectives narrow or broad, mostly with conspicuous appendages; see Van Heel (1992) Ovary inferior with three parietal placentas; ovules many, anatropous superior (Stemona) or semi-inferior (Stichoneuron), with placentas basal (Stemona) or apical ( Stichoneuron), with few or many anatropous or semi-anatropous ovules Pedicels not articulated articulated Fruit inferior, berry-like superior (Stemona) or semi-inferior (Stichoneuron); Seed seeds with sarcotesta-like hyaline exotestas; arillode inflated a 2-valved capsule seeds without sarcotesta-like exotestas; arillode various, not inflated; see Bouman & Devente (1992) Pollen Exine inaperturate, scabrate sexine architecture distinct from Pentastemona; see Van der Ham (1991)

Beschreibung: A new species of Anthorrhiza, A. Camilla from Papua New Guinea is described. Its relation to the remainder of the genus is discussed.

Beschreibung: The genus Belvisia is revised. Two species are transferred from Lemmaphyllum to Belvisia, and two species are reduced to varieties. The genus now includes eight species, reaching from tropical Africa to China, Polynesia, and Australia.

Beschreibung: The Goodeniaceae is a fascinating family, nearly exclusively Australian. It comprises 11 genera with some 400 species. Most of the genera are small to medium; the largest genera are Scaevola with nearly 100 species and Goodenia with 178 Australian species. The closely allied Brunoniaceae is monotypic, strictly Australian. By now the format of this series is well known. To its special attractions belong the fine colour photographs, especially in a family like the present one. Furthermore, it is illustrated with simple but clear habit pen-drawings, drawings and photographs of indumentum types, hairs, and seeds, and for every species a small map with the distribution within Australia. These maps, and the citation of up to five representative specimens per species, are insufficient to give an impression of rarity or commonness. Mention of the number of collections studied would do already.

Beschreibung: Nine new species of the genus Bulbophyllum are described. One of these belongs to section Macrobulbon, six others to section Sestochilus, and two to section Vesicisepalum.

Beschreibung: The Ericaceous genus Rigiolepis was founded by Sir JOSEPH D. HOOKER (Ic. plant, third ser. II (1876), 54, pl. 1160) on a single species from Borneo, viz. R. borneensis HOOK.F. HOOKER was not quite sure about some of the characteristics, and failed to compare it with Vaccinium to which genus, indeed, several authors have reduced it. In 1914 I have discussed the Rigiolepis question (in Ic. Bog. IV, 68) in the note under Vaccinium uniflorum J. J. S. and was inclined to believe that Rigiolepis should be maintained as a distinct genus, although my material was not sufficient to solve the question definitely. Since I have studied many other species of this affinity and I do not hesitate to accept the genus.

Beschreibung: Important as it may be, for the 19th Supplement to the Index Kewensis a mere announcement might suffice. One knows what can be expected; as far as I can see nothing has been changed as compared with the 18th Supplement. Worth mentioning is that whereas the 18th Supplement came out about one and a half year after the closing date – at that time already exceptional – with the present one this has been brought back to less than one year: the official date of publication is 15 November 1991. Important news can be found in the Foreword: “The printed annual Kew Index has been discontinued, but there are plans for a CD-ROM version of the complete Index Kewensis ... This electronic version is due to appear in 1992.” Whether additions will come out annually or every five years is not made clear. We hope that it will be annually, spoiled as we are by the Kew Index!

Beschreibung: When BUSE gave an enumeration of the grasses collected by JUNGHUHN in Java and Sumatra, he mentioned under Paspalum a species, described by RETZIUS in the year 1781 as Paspalum hirsutum. BUSE identified a grass from Sumatra as being the species of RETZIUS, on account of the description, having certainly not studied the authentic specimen, which was at that time not easy to consult. It may be that even the work of RETZIUS was not at his disposal, it is probable that he studied only the description, given afterwards in LAMARCK’S Encyclopédie. RETZIUS described his species from China, where it was collected by BLADH. Although the description of RETZIUS agrees fairly well with BUSE’S plant, we are in modern times not so satisfied with such an identification, because it is a priori not sure at all that the Chinese species is identic with a grass from the high plateau of Sumatra, the more because since the description by RETZIUS and the identification by BUSE, such a Paspalum was never found in the wide area between China and Sumatra. I therefore carefully studied the type of RETZIUS at the herbarium of Lund (Sweden), which was kindly forwarded for study from the director at Lund and I compared it with BUSE’S type, preserved at the Rijksherbarium. The latter is in a very good condition. Already at first sight the two types agree very much especially in the vegetative parts, the number of racemes, their length and general form In the genus Paspalum, a very large one, much weight is given by agrostologists to the form and outline of the spikelets and I will therefore give my opinion on the type of RETZIUS first. The plant consists of an upper part of the culm with 3 very hirsute leaves and 2 distant racemes. The spikelets have hairy pedicels, the short hairs are sparingly mixed with long ones. The form of the spikelets is obovate-oblong; they are obtuse at the summit and rounded. The first glume (mostly rudimentary in the genus) is wanting the second one, which is very convex, is slightly shorter than the spikelet, minutely punctulate and provided with 5 very strong nerves, a midnerve and two marginal ones, the latter anastomosing upwards and running into the midnerve at the top, which is thickened where the nerves meet. The sterile lemma or third glume is flat and as long as the spikelet; it has 3 strong nerves, a midnerve and 2 submarginal ones, anastomosing at the summit; the true margins are membranaceous and distinctly hairy at the middle, the hairs more or less flexuous or curved. Besides these 3 nerves there are 2 more nerves at a rather broad distance from the midnerve; these two nerves are faint and distinct only at the base of the glume and evanescent upwards, being undulate and giving that part of the glume a scrobiculate, transversely wrinkled appearance. The fruit (fertile lemma) is dark brown and exposed by the shortness of the covering glume. From all these characters it is evident that RETZIUS’S plant belongs to a group of species in the genus Paspalum called by Mrs. AGNES CHASE the „plicatula”. Representative species of this group are the well-known New World Paspalum plicatulum Michx. and the variable Old World species Paspalum scrobiculatum L.. The characters of the true Paspalum hirsutum are given on my plate, which is an exact copy of the type specimen, the spikelets being magnified 10 times. Returning to BUSE’S plant from Sumatra, I indicate here the different characters of the spikelets. Their form and outline is different, they are not only a little longer but more elliptic, not rounded at the summit but distinctly obtusely apiculate; the convex glume is 3-nerved only, the marginal nerves not doubled, the glume is longer than the fertile lemma, obtecting it entirely and protruding above it; the flat sterile lemma is more narrowed upwards too with 3 very distinct nerves and 2 interjecting faint ones, the surface is wrinkled as in the American Paspalum plicatulum and the body of the glume is perfectly glabrous. Comparing types and the figures given by me, we see thus that there are distinct differences between the spikelets of the two types and it is therefore evident that we have here two different species. These differences between the two species as to the morphological characters are supported by the very different geographical distribution, the plant described by BUSE being hitherto only known from the prairies of the plateau of Padang lawas in Sumatra. Since BUSE described his species and the characters of the spikelets are given here in extenso, it is not necessary to describe BUSE’S plant once more. It is named here after the collector Dr HORNER as a species, endemic on Sumatra, the Paspalum Horneri HENR. = Paspalum hirsutum BUSE, non RETZIUS. A puzzling plant was described by BUSE in the year 1856 in DE VRIESE’S Plantae Indiae Batavae Orientalis as Streptachne indica. BUSE was an accurate observer and described this plant exactly but he unfortunately overlooked an important character. Having studied his type, a plant collected on Java by REINWARDT, I found that the spikelets have an articulation below the glume and thus easily fall of in toto. In the large tribe of the Agrostideae to which BUSE’S plant belongs, this Streptachne is thus not a member of the subtribe Stipeae as BUSE supposed, this subtribe having always an articulation above the glumes which are persistent at maturity. It was thus at once evident that BUSE’S plant was not a Steptachme at all, but more allied with such genera as Polypogon and Chaeturus. It belongs to the genus Garnotia which is already known from Java. BUSE’S species is placed by me under Garnotia stricta BROGN.

Beschreibung: Nederland heeft reeds in het tertiaire tijdvak in een voortdurend dalend gebied der aardkorst gelegen. Ons land is in die tijden bijna onafgebroken door de zeeën overstroomd geweest. Zij hebben op onzen bodem hun slib en zand, benevens enkele skeletdeelen van mariene organismen doen bezinken, zoodat bijna alle opeenvolgende series dezer geologische formatie tot afzetting zijn gekomen, n.l. het Palaeoceen, het Eoceen, het Oligoceen, het Mioceen en het Plioceen. Deze afdeelingen zijn elk door eigen palaeontologische en petrografische eigenschappen gekenmerkt, waaruit de palaeoklimatologie en palaeogeografie voor elke afzonderlijke étage afgeleid kunnen worden. De mariene fossielen, die in de verschillende tertiaire étage’s zijn afgezet, hebben door de herhaalde trans- en regressie der steeds opeenvolgende overstroomingen veelal aan groote verweering blootgestaan. Uit de fossielinhoud der transgressielagen en basale conglomeraten blijkt, dat de haaientanden — dank zij hun resistentie — het grootste en vaak eenige contingent der nog specifiek te herkennen fossielen vormen. De determinatie nu der haaientanden werpt in sommige gevallen een nieuw licht op den ouderdom en herkomst van het materiaal uit de transgressielagen. Deze ouderdomsbepaling biedt op haar beurt waardevolle gegevens omtrent den ouderdom der boven- en onderliggende afzettingen. Een nauwkeurige determinatie der sterk verweerde tanden uit de transgressielagen werd alleen door vergelijking met Selachiersoorten, die elders in tertiaire afzettingen in situ voorkomen, mogelijk gemaakt. Voor elke tertiaire étage werden de petrografische en paleontologische gegevens, voorzoover zij bekend zijn uit de verslagen van het werk van de voormalige Rijks Geologische Dienst en uit andere publicatie’s, verwerkt. Tevens werd een studie gemaakt over alle in het Tertiair van Nederland voorkomende Selachiers. De uitkomsten van deze onderzoekingen betreffende de geologie van Nederland, werden steeds getoetst aan die van de waarnemingen in de aan Nederland grenzende gebieden van België en Duitschland. Uit het mariene Palaeoceen, dat op enkele plaatsen in ons land is aangeboord, is geen Selachiermateriaal bekend. Het klimaat is in dit tijdvak, in tegenstelling met de onmiddellijk voorafgaande krijtperiode, subtropisch tot gematigd geweest. De palaeoceene zee heeft zich over bijna geheel Nederland uitgestrekt en heeft in open verbinding gestaan met de arctische wateren. Gedurende het eoceene tijdvak hebben opeenvolgende transgressies plaats gehad, die gesteenten van verschillende lithologische facies afgezet hebben. Sporadisch zijn ze in één boring aangetroffen. Aan de glauconitische zandsteen- en mergelhoudende kleilagen, die in de Peel aangeboord zijn, werd op grond van de algeheele aaneensluiting aan de belgische isopache lijnen, een eoceenen ouderdom toegeschreven. Daar eoceene afzettingen voornamelijk uit boringen bekend zijn, is weinig fossiel materiaal te verwachten. Het klimaat is hetzelfde gebleven als in het voorafgaande tijdvak. Geheel Nederland is wederom door de zee bedekt geweest, die in verbinding heeft gestaan met de noordelijke wateren. De oligoceene afzettingen kunnen in onder-, midden- en bovenoligoceene onderscheiden worden. Op de plaats, waar het Onderoligoceen op krijtafzettingen rust, zijn eenige afgesleten haaientanden gevonden. Deze soorten: Odontaspis (Odontaspis) cf. bronni en Odontaspis (Synodontaspis) gracilis wijzen op een herkomst uit krijtafzettingen. De onderoligoceene transgressie is niet zoo uitgebreid geweest als de voorafgaande. Verschillende deelen van Nederland hebben dus boven den zeespiegel gelegen. In Zuid-Limburg zijn fluviomariene afzettingen bekend. Er is in dezen tijd nog geen verbinding geweest met de mediterrane zee. Het Middenoligoceen vertoont verschillende facies. Het komt in enkele deelen des lands aan den dag en is ook in boringen aangetoond. In Overijsel komt aan de basis van de middenoligoceene zandafzettingen een transgressielaag voor, waarin vele rondgesleten phosphorieten, haaientanden en schelpen naast enkele goedbewaarde tanden voorkomen. De determinatie dezer geremanieerde tanden wijst op boveneoceene herkomst. De in situ afgezette tanden wijzen op een middenoligoceenen ouderdom der bovenliggende glauconiethoudende zanden. In Zuid-Limburg zijn in de transgressielaag aan de basis van de middenoligoceene kleiafzettingen nog enkele haaientanden gevonden, die afkomstig zijn uit oudere oligoceene lagen. Een collectie Selachiertanden uit de septarienklei van Oost-Nederland werd nader beschreven. De middenoligoceene zee heeft zich over heel N.W.-Europa uitgestrekt en waarschijnlijk via het Mainzerbekken korten tyd met de mediterrane zee in verbinding gestaan. De zuidelijke invloed op de fauna is echter in N.W.-Europa niet meer merkbaar. Het Bovenoligoceen bestaat voornamelijk uit glauconiethoudende afzettingen, die in de Peel en Zuid-Limburg zijn aangetoond. Het klimaat is tijdens het geheele oligoceene tijdvak subtropisch tot gematigd geweest. De zee heeft het geheele zuidelijk deel van ons land bedekt. Het Ondermioceen is in Nederland niet in mariene facies bekend. In Zuid-Limburg gaan de middenoligoceene kleiafzettingen geleidelijk over in glauconiethoudende zanden. Op sommige plaatsen nu treedt in deze zandafzettingen een transgressielaag op, waarin steenkernen van Mollusca en afgesleten haaientanden voorkomen. Door determinatie dezer geremanieerde Selachierfauna kon een bovenoligoceene herkomst van dit materiaal worden aangetoond. Hieruit werd afgeleid, dat de onderliggende glauconiethoudende zanden van bovenoligoceenen en niet van middenoligoceenen ouderdom zijn, zooals door Jongmans en van Rummelen (1930) wordt aangenomen. De hierboven liggende lagen zijn tijdens een jongere neogene transgressie afgezet en hebben een middenmioceenen, niet een bovenoligoceenen ouderdom. Dit zijn de eenige mariene middenmioceene afzettingen. Een typisch mariene middenmioceene fauna is echter nergens aangetroffen. Dat echter in de onmiddellijke omgeving fossielrijke middenmioceene afzettingen bestaan moeten hebben, werd met zekerheid bewezen uit de geremanieerde, typisch middenmioceene fauna, die in een jonger transgressieconglomeraat te Elsloo werd aangetoond. Naar boven toe treden in deze mariene middenmioceene zanden eenige bruinkoolhoudende lagen op, die onderbroken worden door witte zandafzettingen. Deze zijn van marienen oorsprong en zijn gevormd tijdens steeds herhaalde transgressie’s, waarbij an de basis een laag van afgeronde vuursteenen afgezet is. Door aan te nemen, dat deze zanden van middenmioceenen ouderdom zijn, werd aan de bruinkoollagen een midden- en bovenmioceenen ouderdom toegekend. Jongmans en van Rummelen (1930) schrijven deze afzettingen echter een ondermioceenen ouderdom toe. Deze laatste ouderdomsbepaling berust op een vergelijking met het aangrenzende bruinkolengebied van Duitschland, waar een stratigrafische opeenvolging der lagen opgesteld is, die uitgaat van een bovenoligoceenen ouderdom der onderliggende glauconitische zanden. Eenzelfde klimatologische verhouding werd zoowel voor de geremanieerde middenmioceene fauna als voor de flora uit de bruinkool geconstateerd; beiden wijzen op afzetting tijdens een tropisch klimaat. De middenmioceene zee heeft in een grooten bocht over het Zuiden van ons land en het Noorden van België geloopen. Deze heeft via het Nauw van Calais in verbinding gestaan met de mediterrane zee. Van de Selachierfauna, die in de verschillende gebieden tijdens deze middenmioceene transgressie is afgezet, werd een volledige overeenkomst met de geremanieerde middenmioceene fauna vanuit het transgressieconglomeraat van Elsloo aangetoond. Het Bovenmioceen komt in een onderste zandige en een bovenste glimmerrijke kleiafzetting voor, die bijna overal duidelijk te onderscheiden zijn. Molengraaff en van Waterschoot van der Gracht (1913) houden de onderste, meer zandrnke facies zoowel in het Peelgebied als in Oost-Nederland voor Middenmioceen. De uit deze afzettingen beschreven Selachierfauna heeft echter een typisch bovenmioceen karakter, en daarom werd aan deze afzettingen een bovenmioceenen ouderdom toegekend. De bovenmioceene zee heeft een groote uitbreiding gehad. Het klimaat is subtropisch tot gematigd geweest. Het plioceen komt zoowel in mariene als in continentale facies voor. In Zuid-Limburg komt onder een dunne mariene onderplioceene zandlaag het bekende transgressieconglomeraat van Elsloo voor. Omtrent den ouderdom dezer laag heerscht groot meeningsverschil. Door determinatie van de geremanieerde Selachierfauna uit dit conglomeraat werd een middenmioceene herkomst van het materiaal vastgesteld. Deze ouderdomsbepaling houdt dus in, dat de bovenliggende afzettingen jonger zijn dan het Middenmioceen. Door het feit, dat het mariene Bovenmioceen niet zoover zuidelijk reikt, als ook door de aanwezigheid van een tweede, geremanieerde plioceene Selachierfauna aan de basis der hierboven liggende glaueonietzanden, werd een onderplioceene ouderdom aan de Elsloolaag toegekend. Behalve het op vele plaatsen aangetoonde mariene Onderplioceen, zijn voornamelijk in Limburg kontinentale afzettingen aangetoond. Deze zelfde facies zijn in midden- en bovenplioceene afzettingen aangetoond. Gedurende het Plioceen heeft de zee zich steeds meer naar het Westen en Noorden teruggetrokken. Het klimaat is geleidelijk kouder geworden. Tertiaire Selachiertanden komen ook op secundaire vindplaats in diluviale afzettingen voor. Nog heden ten dage spoelen vele haaientanden door de erodeerende werking van rivieren of zee uit de oorspronkelijke vindplaats los. Door de determinatie der tanden werd in vele gevallen de herkomst van de fauna vastgesteld.

Beschreibung: The oceanographical expedition on board Hr. Ms. Willebrord Snellius spent 15 months in investigating the eastern part of the Netherlands East Indies from 1929 to 1930. The present author accompanied the expedition as geologist. The geological results of the expedition may be devided into two parts. The first comprises those subjects that stand in direct relationship to the oceanographical work of the expedition, viz: the geological interpretation of the bathymetrical data obtained, the geology of coral reefs and the bottomsamples. These subjects are to be dealt with in the reports of the expedition. Two volumes have already appeared:

Beschreibung: Le terrain étudié dans cette thèse m’a été assigné par le Dr. I. M. van der Vlerk qui a guidé ce travail. Le terrain comprend les communes de Cascante del Rio et de Valacloche, ainsi qu’une partie des communes de Cubla et de Camarena de la Sierra. Elles se trouvent en Espagne dans la partie méridionale de la province de Teruel, à l’Est du Rio Guadalaviar. Le travail d’exploration a été fait durant les étés des années 1931 à 1933. Comme base topographique j’ai employé les cartes à l’échelle de 1:50.000 de la Puebla de Valverde (no. 590) et de Camarena de la Sierra (no. 613), éditées par l’Instituto Geografico de Madrid. Les cartes ne sont pas tout-à-fait exactes, et je les ai corrigées là où cela répondait aux besoins géologiques. Tant sur le terrain que dans cette publication-ci, je me suis servi d’un réseau de coordonnées pour la détermination des localités. L’avantage de ce système est de pouvoir aisément et exactement situer une localité à l’intérieur des quadrilatères au moyen des coordonnées en mm. En 1933 mon ami R. Martin commença à étudier la géologie d’un terrain situé au Sud-Est du mien. Ses travaux seront publiés sous peu, également sous la forme d’une thèse à soutenir à l’Université de Leyden. Nous avons gardé au cours de nos travaux un contact étroit qui a permis maint échange de vues. Ces discussions, et les entretiens que j’eus avec le Dr. L. U. de Sitter, Adjoint-chef à l’Institut Géologique de l’Université de Leyden, au sujet de la tectonique, ont éclairci bien des points douteux.

Beschreibung: Experiments are described in which artificial beaches were attacked by a combination of running waves parallel to the coast and superposed standing waves at right angles to the former. Beach cusps were formed only when a steep beach was eroded by the waves. Observations in nature are cited that appear to support the view that standing waves may be the cause of beach cusps, but further data are needed before a definite conclusion can be arrived at.

Beschreibung: Some years ago we received a collection of foraminifera-bearing samples from Dr. H. K. Kugler and Dr. E. Lehner for examination, in sequence to the collection of larger foraminifera already examined from Central Falcon (Venezuela). (See Nettie E. Gorter and I. M. van der Vlerk, L.G.M., Dl. IV, afl. 2, 1932, p. 94—122). The material from Trinidad is very rich in representatives of the Orbitoididae family. On a closer study of the different genera of this family, for which the large collection of Indian and European Orbitoididae in the National Geological Museum in Leiden provided ample material, we observed that for the determination of genus the interlocular canalsystem is the most important feature. In the Orbitoididae the plasma is conveyed through the equatorial plane by means of canals and stolons. The first complete description of this was given by H. J. Carter in the Annals of Nat. Hist., 3rd series, vol. VIII, p. 449—453. In this article he remarks that in Orbitoides there are always four stolons to each chamber, while in infiltrated specimens of Orbitolites (= Lepidocyclina) mantelli, he sometimes found ever 6. C. W. Gümbel, Abh. k. bayer. Ak. W., II, Cl, X, Bd. II, 1868, p. 673, pointed out that these stolons formed a system, which he calls an interlocular canalsystem in analogy to the „interseptal canalsystem” which runs through the septa of the chambers in most foraminifera, but which is absent in the Orbitoididae. To avoid confusion with this interseptal canalsystem which in the literature is called simply canalsystem, we thought it better to use the expression „stolonsystem” here. It now appears that this system differs in different groups of Orbitoididae. For the sake of brevity however we will here confine ourselves to the groups connected with the genera to be dealt with in this monograph.

Beschreibung: Im Winter 1932—33 reifte in uns der Gedanke, den wenig zugänglichen zentralen Teil der Bergamasker Alpen, wie es auf Figur 1 angegeben ist, geologisch aufzunehmen. Das Gelände stellte immerhin dem Alleingänger derartige Schwierigkeiten, dass eine Aufnahme in gleicher Weise wie sie in den übrigen Teilen der Bergamasker Alpen durch die Leidener Geologen unternommen wurde, unmöglich gewesen wäre. Wir hatten darum die Absicht die Aufnahme zu zweien auszuführen. Weil sie innerhalb eines Sommers abgeschlossen werden sollte, waren wir gezwungen sie als eine Art Uebersichskartierung aufzufassen. Der rechtzeitige Abschluss wäre ohne die Assistenz von P. L. Damsté und W. A. Visser, für die wir an dieser Stelle unseren besten Dank aussprechen, unmöglich gewesen. Am 10. Juli 1933 fing die Arbeit in der Valle Caronno und in der Valle du Videl an. Sie schliesst also im W. an dem von Dozy 1931 und 1932 aufgenommenen Gebiet an. Stetig wurde nach E. hin gearbeitet. In der W-Hälfte dienten die folgenden, meist unbewirtschafteten Hütten des C. A. I. als Unterkunft:

Beschreibung: Sampling in the North Aegean Sea yielded nine species of the family Suberitidae, four of which, Pseudosuberites sulphureus, P. hyalinus, Suberiles ficus and S. syringella, are new for the fauna of the Eastern Mediterranean, and three more, S. carnosus, S. domuncula, and S. massa, are new records for the fauna of the Aegean Sea. For each of the nine species comments on the systematics, as well as geographical and ecological information is given. A redescription is given of the little known species Suberites massa Nardo. A review of the distribution of all Mediterranean Suberitidae is also presented, in which it is concluded that a further three species not represented in our material have been reported from the Eastern Mediterranean, viz. Laxosuberites ectyoninus, Prosuberites longispina, and P. epiphytum. Six suberitids reported from other parts of the Mediterranean so far have not been found in the Eastern Mediterranean.