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  • 1
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    Conservation in the real world (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinclair, A R -- Ludwig, D -- Clark, C W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 15;289(5486):1875.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11012354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Economic incentives for rain forest conservation across scales (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-06-10
    Beschreibung: Globally, tropical deforestation releases 20 to 30% of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Conserving forests could reduce emissions, but the cost-effectiveness of this mechanism for mitigation depends on the associated opportunity costs. We estimated these costs from local, national, and global perspectives using a case study from Madagascar. Conservation generated significant benefits over logging and agriculture locally and globally. Nationally, however, financial benefits from industrial logging were larger than conservation benefits. Such differing economic signals across scales may exacerbate tropical deforestation. The Kyoto Protocol could potentially overcome this obstacle to conservation by creating markets for protection of tropical forests to mitigate climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kremen, C -- Niles, J O -- Dalton, M G -- Daily, G C -- Ehrlich, P R -- Fay, J P -- Grewal, D -- Guillery, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1828-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ckremen@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Carbon ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Industry ; Madagascar ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Conservation conundrum (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-08-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brownell, R L Jr -- Curry, B E -- Van Bonn, W -- Ridgway, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 30;288(5475):2319-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10917829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; California ; Communicable Diseases/transmission/*veterinary ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Seals, Earless
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Still havens for coral reefs (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Starck, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1691.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11001734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Australia ; *Cnidaria ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Ecology. When fire ants move in, others leave (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-08-05
    Beschreibung: Researchers have uncovered new evidence about the long-range, and potentially long-term, ecological damage being wrought by an invasive species of fire ant. The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta displaces other ant species and upsets the structures of native communities of ants--disruptions that appear to be permanent, they report in the July issue of Ecology Letters. The drop in biodiversity could represent a significant loss, experts note, because of the critical role ants play in recycling nutrients and other biological material.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 14;289(5477):231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10917841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Ants/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Environmental policy. Counting the cost of deforestation (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-07-06
    Beschreibung: To halt the dramatic alteration in our climate, there must be a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases. As Bonnie and colleagues discuss in their Perspective, conservation of forests will increase carbon sequestration and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. In this issue, a cost-benefit analysis by Kremen et al. demonstrates the benefits of forest conservation on a local and global scale.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonnie, R -- Schwartzman, S -- Oppenheimer, M -- Bloomfield, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1763-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Defense, 1875 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10877697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Carbon ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Industry ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    An empirical assessment of taxic paleobiology (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-07-07
    Beschreibung: The analysis of major changes in faunal diversity through time is a central theme of analytical paleobiology. The most important sources of data are literature-based compilations of stratigraphic ranges of fossil taxa. The levels of error in these compilations and the possible effects of such error have often been discussed but never directly assessed. We compared our comprehensive database of trilobites to the equivalent portion of J. J. Sepkoski Jr.'s widely used global genus database. More than 70% of entries in the global database are inaccurate; however, as predicted, the error is randomly distributed and does not introduce bias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adrain, J M -- Westrop, S R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 7;289(5476):110-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. jonathan-adrain@uiowa.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arthropods/anatomy & histology/*classification ; *Classification ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Paleontology/*methods ; Reproducibility of Results
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    China's forest policy for the 21st century (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-07-15
    Beschreibung: A half-century policy of forest exploitation and monoculture in China has led to disastrous consequences, including degradation of forests and landscapes, loss of biodiversity, unacceptable levels of soil erosion, and catastrophic flooding. A new forest policy had been adopted in China called the Natural Forest conservation Program (NFCP), which emphasizes expansion of natural forests and increasing the productivity of forest plantations. Through locally focused management strategies, biodiversity and forest resources will be sustained, and downstream regions will be better protected from flooding. This new policy is being implemented with a new combination of policy tools, including technical training and education, land management planning, mandatory conversion of marginal farmlands to forest, resettlement and retaining of forest dwellers, share in private ownership, and expanded research. These policy tools may have wider relevance for other countries, particularly developing countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, P -- Shao, G -- Zhao, G -- Le Master, D C -- Parker, G R -- Dunning, J B Jr -- Li, Q -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2135-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Natural Forest Conservation and Management, State Forestry Administration (SFA), Beijing 100714, P. R. China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Forestry/education ; *Public Policy ; Research ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Ecology. Mount St. Helens, revisited (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovett, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 2;288(5471):1578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10858135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amphibians ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Mammals ; Plant Development ; Urodela ; *Volcanic Eruptions ; Washington
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Recovery and management options for spring/summer chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-11-04
    Beschreibung: Construction of four dams on the lower Snake River (in northwestern United States) between 1961 and 1975 altered salmon spawning habitat, elevated smolt and adult migration mortality, and contributed to severe declines of Snake River salmon populations. By applying a matrix model to long-term population data, we found that (i) dam passage improvements have dramatically mitigated direct mortality associated with dams; (ii) even if main stem survival were elevated to 100%, Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) would probably continue to decline toward extinction; and (iii) modest reductions in first-year mortality or estuarine mortality would reverse current population declines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kareiva, P -- Marvier, M -- McClure, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 3;290(5493):977-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11062128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fresh Water ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Northwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/growth & development/physiology ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 11
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    Ecology. Does biodiversity help fend off invaders? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-05-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):785-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10809640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; California ; *Ecosystem ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Seeds/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Spatial patterns in the distribution of tropical tree species (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-05-29
    Beschreibung: Fully mapped tree census plots of large area, 25 to 52 hectares, have now been completed at six different sites in tropical forests, including dry deciduous to wet evergreen forest on two continents. One of the main goals of these plots has been to evaluate spatial patterns in tropical tree populations. Here the degree of aggregation in the distribution of 1768 tree species is examined based on the average density of conspecific trees in circular neighborhoods around each tree. When all individuals larger than 1 centimeter in stem diameter were included, nearly every species was more aggregated than a random distribution. Considering only larger trees (〉/= 10 centimeters in diameter), the pattern persisted, with most species being more aggregated than random. Rare species were more aggregated than common species. All six forests were very similar in all the particulars of these results.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Condit, R -- Ashton, P S -- Baker, P -- Bunyavejchewin, S -- Gunatilleke, S -- Gunatilleke, N -- Hubbell, S P -- Foster, R B -- Itoh, A -- LaFrankie, J V -- Lee, H S -- Losos, E -- Manokaran, N -- Sukumar, R -- Yamakura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 26;288(5470):1414-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, USA. ctfs@tivoli.si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10827950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Central America ; *Ecosystem ; India ; Malaysia ; Panama ; Sri Lanka ; Statistics as Topic ; Thailand ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    Climate change. Managing forests after Kyoto (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-14
    Beschreibung: The Kyoto protocol aims to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Part of the strategy is the active management of terrestrial carbon sinks, principally through afforestation and reforestation. In their Perspective, Schulze et al. argue that the preservation of old-growth forests may have a larger positive effect on the carbon cycle than promotion of regrowth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulze, D E -- Wirth, C -- Heimann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2058-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Post Office Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany. Detlef.Schulze@bgc-jena.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11032555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Carbon ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife--threats to biodiversity and human health (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-01-22
    Beschreibung: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of free-living wild animals can be classified into three major groups on the basis of key epizootiological criteria: (i) EIDs associated with "spill-over" from domestic animals to wildlife populations living in proximity; (ii) EIDs related directly to human intervention, via host or parasite translocations; and (iii) EIDs with no overt human or domestic animal involvement. These phenomena have two major biological implications: first, many wildlife species are reservoirs of pathogens that threaten domestic animal and human health; second, wildlife EIDs pose a substantial threat to the conservation of global biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daszak, P -- Cunningham, A A -- Hyatt, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 21;287(5452):443-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. daszak@uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10642539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; *Animals, Wild ; Climate ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Disease Reservoirs ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Zoonoses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    Ecology. Can science rescue salmon? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-08-19
    Beschreibung: At a press conference on 27 July, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) released a long-awaited plan to save the Columbia River's endangered salmon by restoring fish habitat, overhauling hatcheries, limiting harvest, and improving river flow. What the plan did not do, however, was call for immediate breaching of four dams on the Snake River, the Columbia's major tributary--an option that has been the subject of a nationwide environmental crusade. The NMFS will hold that option in abeyance while it sees whether the less drastic measures will do the trick. Responses from both sides were immediate and outraged.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, C C -- Plummer, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 4;289(5480):716-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10950712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Government Agencies ; Northwestern United States ; *Salmon
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 16
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    Global carbon sinks and their variability inferred from atmospheric O2 and delta13C (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-03-31
    Beschreibung: Recent time-series measurements of atmospheric O2 show that the land biosphere and world oceans annually sequestered 1.4 +/- 0.8 and 2.0 +/- 0.6 gigatons of carbon, respectively, between mid-1991 and mid-1997. The rapid storage of carbon by the land biosphere from 1991 to 1997 contrasts with the 1980s, when the land biosphere was approximately neutral. Comparison with measurements of delta13CO2 implies an isotopic flux of 89 +/- 21 gigatons of carbon per mil per year, in agreement with model- and inventory-based estimates of this flux. Both the delta13C and the O2 data show significant interannual variability in carbon storage over the period of record. The general agreement of the independent estimates from O2 and delta13C is a robust signal of variable carbon uptake by both the land biosphere and the oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Battle, M -- Bender, M L -- Tans, P P -- White, J W -- Ellis, J T -- Conway, T -- Francey, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2467-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geoscience, Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Atmosphere ; Carbon/*analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Oxygen Consumption ; Photosynthesis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    BIOPAT does not trade in names (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-05-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Batke, C -- Haszprunar, G -- Kohler, J -- Naumann, C -- Schminke, H K -- Turkay, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10798997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fund Raising ; Research Support as Topic ; *Terminology as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 18
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    "Restoration"--a misnomer? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-03-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10712150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; North America ; Terminology as Topic ; *Trees
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Restoration ecology. Returning America's forests to their 'natural' roots (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-02-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kloor, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 28;287(5453):573, 575.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    The quiet revolution: biodiversity informatics and the internet (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-29
    Beschreibung: The massive development of biodiversity-related information systems on the Internet has created much that appears exciting but chaotic, a diversity to match biodiversity itself. This richness and the arrays of new sources are counterbalanced by the maddening difficulty in knowing what is where, or of comparing like with like. But quietly, behind the first waves of exuberance, biologists and computer scientists have started to pull together in a rising tide of coherence and organization. The fledgling field of biodiversity informatics looks set to deliver major advances that could turn the Internet into a giant global biodiversity information system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bisby, F A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2309-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Plant Diversity & Systematics, School of Plant Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK. f.a.bisby@reading.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11009408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Classification ; *Computational Biology ; Computer Communication Networks ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; *Internet ; Plants ; Software ; Terminology as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 21
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    Perspectives: paleoecology. The refugial debate (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-03-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, K J -- Whittaker, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1406-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography, University of Oxford, U.K. kathy.willis@geography.oxford.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Ice ; *Plants ; Tropical Climate
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 22
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    Taxonomic revival (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; *Classification ; *Computational Biology ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Internet ; *Museums ; *Online Systems ; Research Support as Topic ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 23
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    Agriculture. Genetically modified crops and farmland biodiversity (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-19
    Beschreibung: The debate about genetically modified crops that are resistant to herbicides and their effects on the environment rages on. In their Perspective, Firbank and Forcella discuss a new model (Watkinson et al.) that seeks to calculate the impact of genetically modified herbicide-resistant sugar beet on growth of the weed Chenopodium album and on the skylark, which feeds on the seeds of this weed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Firbank, L G -- Forcella, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 1;289(5484):1481-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Merlewood, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria LA11 6JU, UK. lgf@ceh.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10991733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Animals ; *Chenopodiaceae/genetics/growth & development ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Genetic Engineering ; Great Britain ; Herbicides ; *Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Seeds ; *Songbirds
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 24
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    Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors: a mechanism for exotic invasion (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-20
    Beschreibung: Invading exotic plants are thought to succeed primarily because they have escaped their natural enemies, not because of novel interactions with their new neighbors. However, we find that Centaurea diffusa, a noxious weed in North America, has much stronger negative effects on grass species from North America than on closely related grass species from communities to which Centaurea is native. Centaurea's advantage against North American species appears to be due to differences in the effects of its root exudates and how these root exudates affect competition for resources. Our results may help to explain why some exotic species so successfully invade natural plant communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Callaway, R M -- Aschehoug, E T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):521-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. callaway@selway.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11039934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Analysis of Variance ; Asia ; Asteraceae/growth & development/*physiology ; Biomass ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; North America ; Phosphorus Radioisotopes/metabolism ; Plant Roots/*metabolism ; Poaceae/*growth & development/metabolism ; Soil
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    No consistent effect of plant diversity on productivity (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huston, M A -- Aarssen, L W -- Austin, M P -- Cade, B S -- Fridley, J D -- Garnier, E -- Grime, J P -- Hodgson, J -- Lauenroth, W K -- Thompson, K -- Vandermeer, J H -- Wardle, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 25;289(5483):1255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10979839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Fabaceae/growth & development ; *Plant Development ; Plants, Medicinal
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 26
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    Taxonomy. Researchers cash in on personalized species names (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-02-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steghaus-Kovac, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 21;287(5452):421.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10671162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Classification ; *Ecosystem ; *Fund Raising ; Germany ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Terminology as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 27
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    A global biodiversity map (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, E O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2279.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Classification ; Computational Biology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; International Cooperation ; Plants/classification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 28
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    China's new forest policy (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, M -- Qi, Y -- Gong, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2049-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11032553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Forestry ; *Public Policy ; *Trees
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 29
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    Nonrandom extinction and the loss of evolutionary history (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-04-15
    Beschreibung: The hierarchical nature of phylogenies means that random extinction of species affects a smaller fraction of higher taxa, and so the total amount of evolutionary history lost may be comparatively slight. However, current extinction risk is not phylogenetically random. We show the potentially severe implications of the clumped nature of threat for the loss of biodiversity. An additional 120 avian and mammalian genera are at risk compared with the number predicted under random extinction. We estimate that the prospective extra loss of mammalian evolutionary history alone would be equivalent to losing a monotypic phylum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purvis, A -- Agapow, P M -- Gittleman, J L -- Mace, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 14;288(5464):328-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK. a.purvis@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds ; Carnivora ; Computer Simulation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Mammals ; Phylogeny ; Primates ; Risk
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 30
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    Natural selection and the reinforcement of mate recognition (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-20
    Beschreibung: Natural selection on mate recognition may often contribute to speciation, resulting in reproductive character displacement. Field populations of Drosophila serrata display reproductive character displacement in cuticular hydrocarbons when sympatric with Drosophila birchii. We exposed field sympatric and allopatric populations of D. serrata to experimental sympatry with D. birchii for nine generations. Cuticular hydrocarbons of field allopatric D. serrata populations evolved to resemble the field sympatric populations, whereas field sympatric D. serrata populations remained unchanged. Our experiment indicates that natural selection on mate recognition resulted in the field pattern of reproductive character displacement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Higgie, M -- Chenoweth, S -- Blows, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):519-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia. MHiggie@zoology.uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11039933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Australia ; *Biological Evolution ; Discriminant Analysis ; Drosophila/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Hydrocarbons/analysis ; Male ; Pheromones/analysis ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Conservation biology. Combined insults spell trouble for rainforests (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-08-06
    Beschreibung: Scientists are now saying that a combination of interacting factors--including forest fragmentation, logging, and El Nino-driven drought--has altered the fire regimes of tropical forests and is changing regional climates and reconfiguring the landscape. These interactions are synergistic, they say--that is, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The concept provides a new paradigm for understanding the dynamics of fragmented rainforests and for approaching their conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 7;289(5476):35-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10928925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Borneo ; Brazil ; Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Industry ; *Trees
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 32
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    Bioinformatics for biodiversity: a Web registry (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):web supplement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Computational Biology ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Internet
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 33
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    Ecology. The unbearable capriciousness of Bering (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-03-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saar, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1388-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alaska ; Animals ; *Birds ; Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Food Chain ; Oceans and Seas
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 34
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    Species diversity and biological invasions: relating local process to community pattern (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-05-08
    Beschreibung: In a California riparian system, the most diverse natural assemblages are the most invaded by exotic plants. A direct in situ manipulation of local diversity and a seed addition experiment showed that these patterns emerge despite the intrinsic negative effects of diversity on invasions. The results suggest that species loss at small scales may reduce invasion resistance. At community-wide scales, the overwhelming effects of ecological factors spatially covarying with diversity, such as propagule supply, make the most diverse communities most likely to be invaded.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):852-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. levinejm@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10797006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Asteraceae/growth & development ; California ; *Ecosystem ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Seeds/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 35
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    Ecology. Biological control of invading species--risk and reform (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-07-06
    Beschreibung: Conservation relies increasingly on biological control (BC) of organisms that invade in natural and agricultural areas throughout the world. However, some BC organisms have harmed native species. In the United States, regulations are based on old laws meant to bar agricultural pests, and these are particularly ineffective in protecting native invertebrate animals. Improved ecological safety of BC depends on recognizing that BC is not appropriate for every pest, factoring ecological safety into the selection of BC agents, and limiting the importation and dissemination of agents that can harm either native animals or plants. Reasonable reform of BC will insure the viability of this valuable tool for both agriculture and conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strong, D R -- Pemberton, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):1969-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. drstrong@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10877714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Government Agencies ; Invertebrates ; *Pest Control, Biological/legislation & jurisprudence ; Plants ; Public Policy ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 36
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    Ecology. Rift over biodiversity divides ecologists (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-09
    Beschreibung: A long-simmering debate among ecologists over the importance of biodiversity to the health of ecosystems has erupted into a full-blown war. Opposing camps are dueling over the quality of key experiments, and some are flinging barbs at meetings and in journals. The dispute pits an outspoken group of ecologists against some of the leading lights in the field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 25;289(5483):1282-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10979851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Plant Development ; Research Design
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 37
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    Ecologists on a mission to save the world (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-03-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1188-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10712146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Policy Making ; Politics ; *Public Policy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 38
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    Biosphere management: some tools of the trade (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-02-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 14;287(5451):234-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10660420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Consumer Participation ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 39
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    The response of two contrasting limestone grasslands to simulated climate change (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-08-05
    Beschreibung: Two different UK limestone grasslands were exposed to simulated climate change with the use of nonintrusive techniques to manipulate local climate over 5 years. Resistance to climate change, defined as the ability of a community to maintain its composition and biomass in response to environmental stress, could be explained by reference to the functional composition and successional status of the grasslands. The more fertile, early-successional grassland was much more responsive to climate change. Resistance could not be explained by the particular climates experienced by the two grasslands. Productive, disturbed landscapes created by modern human activity may prove more vulnerable to climate change than older, traditional landscapes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grime, J P -- Brown, V K -- Thompson, K -- Masters, G J -- Hillier, S H -- Clarke, I P -- Askew, A P -- Corker, D -- Kielty, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 4;289(5480):762-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10926535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biomass ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Great Britain ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Rain ; Temperature
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 40
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    Contribution of increasing CO2 and climate to carbon storage by ecosystems in the United States (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-03-17
    Beschreibung: The effects of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and climate on net carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States for the period 1895-1993 were modeled with new, detailed historical climate information. For the period 1980-1993, results from an ensemble of three models agree within 25%, simulating a land carbon sink from CO2 and climate effects of 0.08 gigaton of carbon per year. The best estimates of the total sink from inventory data are about three times larger, suggesting that processes such as regrowth on abandoned agricultural land or in forests harvested before 1980 have effects as large as or larger than the direct effects of CO2 and climate. The modeled sink varies by about 100% from year to year as a result of climate variability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schimel, D -- Melillo, J -- Tian, H -- McGuire, A D -- Kicklighter, D -- Kittel, T -- Rosenbloom, N -- Running, S -- Thornton, P -- Ojima, D -- Parton, W -- Kelly, R -- Sykes, M -- Neilson, R -- Rizzo, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):2004-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach 10 01 64, D-07701 Jena, Germany. dschimel@bgc-jena.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Atmosphere ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; *Climate ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Trees ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 41
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    Reinterpreting space, time lags, and functional responses in ecological models (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-12-02
    Beschreibung: Natural enemy-victim interactions are of major applied importance and of fundamental interest to ecologists. A key question is what stabilizes these interactions, allowing the long-term coexistence of the two species. Three main theoretical explanations have been proposed: behavioral responses, time-dependent factors such as delayed density dependence, and spatial heterogeneity. Here, using the powerful moment-closure technique, we show a fundamental equivalence between these three elements. Limited movement by organisms is a ubiquitous feature of ecological systems, allowing spatial structure to develop; we show that the effects of this can be naturally described in terms of time lags or within-generation functional responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keeling, M J -- Wilson, H B -- Pacala, S W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1758-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. matt@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Movement ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Stochastic Processes ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 42
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    Connectivity of marine populations: open or closed? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-02-05
    Beschreibung: Most marine populations are thought to be well connected via long-distance dispersal of larval stages. Eulerian and Lagrangian flow models, coupled with linear mortality estimates, were used to examine this assumption. The findings show that when simple advection models are used, larval exchange rates may be overestimated; such simplistic models fail to account for a decrease of up to nine orders of magnitude in larval concentrations resulting from diffusion and mortality. The alternative process of larval retention near local populations is shown to exist and may be of great importance in the maintenance of marine population structure and management of coastal marine resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cowen, R K -- Lwiza, K M -- Sponaugle, S -- Paris, C B -- Olson, D B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 4;287(5454):857-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA. rcowen@rsmas.miami.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10657300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Barbados ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Geography ; Larva/physiology ; Marine Biology ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 43
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    Relation between population density and body size in stream communities (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-01
    Beschreibung: The existence of a general relation between population density and body size in animal assemblages has been debated because of known biases and ambiguities in the published data and data handling. Using new comprehensive data sets from two geographically separated stream communities that encompass 448 and 260 invertebrate taxa with a wide range of body sizes, we show that an inverse proportionality between density and body size is a consistent feature in these communities. The scaling across taxa is not statistically different between the two systems, indicating a convergent pattern of communities. Variation in the regression slope among different taxonomic groups indicates that these communities are not governed universally by a single ecological or energetic rule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmid, P E -- Tokeshi, M -- Schmid-Araya, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 1;289(5484):1557-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK. p.e.schmid@qmw.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10968792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Austria ; Body Constitution ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Invertebrates/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Population Density ; Regression Analysis ; Wales
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 44
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    Global warming. Some coral bouncing back from El Nino (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-06-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 12;288(5468):941-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10841705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Climate ; Cnidaria/*growth & development/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/physiology ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Indian Ocean ; Pacific Ocean ; Symbiosis ; Temperature
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 45
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    Marine census. Grants kick off ambitious count of all ocean life (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 2;288(5471):1575-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10858133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; International Cooperation ; Internet ; Invertebrates ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton ; *Research Support as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 46
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    Ecology. The value of nature and the nature of value (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-08-12
    Beschreibung: Ecosystems are capital assets: When properly managed, they yield a flow of vital goods and services. Relative to other forms of capital, however, ecosystems are poorly understood, scarcely monitored, and--in many important cases--undergoing rapid degradation. The process of economic valuation could greatly improve stewardship. This potential is now being realized with innovative financial instruments and institutional arrangements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daily, G C -- Soderqvist, T -- Aniyar, S -- Arrow, K -- Dasgupta, P -- Ehrlich, P R -- Folke, C -- Jansson, A -- Jansson, B -- Kautsky, N -- Levin, S -- Lubchenco, J -- Maler, K G -- Simpson, D -- Starrett, D -- Tilman, D -- Walker, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 21;289(5478):395-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. gdaily@leland.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Australia ; Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; Industry ; Investments
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 47
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    Ecology. Invariants, scaling laws, and ecological complexity (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-19
    Beschreibung: There has been much debate about scaling laws in nature. It is believed that as body size increases the number of individuals in the population decreases. As Marquet explains in his Perspective, an elegant new study in two totally separate stream communities (Schmid et al.) confirms that this scaling law holds across more than 400 species of invertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marquet, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 1;289(5484):1487-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Ecologia, P. Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. pmarquet@genes.bio.puc.cl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10991735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Austria ; Body Constitution ; *Ecosystem ; Invertebrates/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Population Density ; Regression Analysis ; Wales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 48
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    Rain forest conservation under review (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Leva, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 1;289(5484):1471-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10991731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Carbon Dioxide ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Industry/economics ; Madagascar ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 49
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    Biological control of invading species (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-08-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pimentel, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 11;289(5481):869.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10960315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Plants ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 50
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    The ecological risks and benefits of genetically engineered plants (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-12-16
    Beschreibung: Discussions of the environmental risks and benefits of adopting genetically engineered organisms are highly polarized between pro- and anti-biotechnology groups, but the current state of our knowledge is frequently overlooked in this debate. A review of existing scientific literature reveals that key experiments on both the environmental risks and benefits are lacking. The complexity of ecological systems presents considerable challenges for experiments to assess the risks and benefits and inevitable uncertainties of genetically engineered plants. Collectively, existing studies emphasize that these can vary spatially, temporally, and according to the trait and cultivar modified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolfenbarger, L L -- Phifer, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2088-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉AAAS Environmental Fellow, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (8601D), Washington, DC 20460, USA. wolfenbarger.lareesa@epa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11118136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Agriculture ; Animals ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Plant ; *Genetic Engineering ; Pesticides ; Plant Diseases ; Plants/*genetics ; *Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; Risk ; Soil ; Transgenes
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Coherence and conservation (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-11-18
    Beschreibung: A principal aim of current conservation policy is to reduce the impact of habitat fragmentation. Conservation corridors may achieve this goal by facilitating movement among isolated patches, but there is a risk that increased connectivity could synchronize local population fluctuations (causing coherent oscillations) and thereby increase the danger of global extinction. We identify general conditions under which populations can or cannot undergo coherent oscillations, and we relate these conditions to local and global extinction probabilities. We suggest a simple method to explore the potential success of conservation corridors and, more generally, any manipulations of dispersal patterns that aim to protect threatened species or control pests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Earn, D J -- Levin, S A -- Rohani, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 17;290(5495):1360-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1. earn@math.mcmaster.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11082064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Logistic Models ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; Reproduction
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Impacts of climatic change and fishing on Pacific salmon abundance over the past 300 years (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-29
    Beschreibung: The effects of climate variability on Pacific salmon abundance are uncertain because historical records are short and are complicated by commercial harvesting and habitat alteration. We use lake sediment records of delta15N and biological indicators to reconstruct sockeye salmon abundance in the Bristol Bay and Kodiak Island regions of Alaska over the past 300 years. Marked shifts in populations occurred over decades during this period, and some pronounced changes appear to be related to climatic change. Variations in salmon returns due to climate or harvesting can have strong impacts on sockeye nursery lake productivity in systems where adult salmon carcasses are important nutrient sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finney, B P -- Gregory-Eaves, I -- Sweetman, J -- Douglas, M S -- Smol, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):795-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. finney@ims.uaf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alaska ; Animals ; *Climate ; Diatoms ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Industry ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Plankton ; Salmon/*physiology ; Temperature
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Names for cash (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-03-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minelli, A -- Kraus, O -- Tubbs, P K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1203-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10712151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Classification ; *Ecosystem ; Fees and Charges ; Fund Raising ; *Terminology as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ecology. Weather ruins winter vacations (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-07-06
    Beschreibung: There has been increasing concern over the decline in many migratory bird species. As Saether discusses in his Perspective, evidence is accumulating (Sillett et al.) that climate change resulting from the El Nino Southern Oscillation affects both the survival rate of adult birds at tropical wintering sites and their reproductive rate at summer breeding grounds in the Northern Hemisphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saether, B E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):1975-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoological Institute, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. bernt-erik.sather@chembio.ntnu.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10877716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fertility ; Flight, Animal ; Greenhouse Effect ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Songbirds/*physiology ; Weather
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Restoration ecology. Ecological Restoration Principles Class (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-04-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alcoze, T A -- Covington, W W -- Fule, P Z -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10744534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Trees ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Confounding factors in coral reef recovery (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-08-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, C S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 21;289(5478):391.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cnidaria ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Diversity digitized (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugden, A -- Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Computational Biology ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Internet
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ecology. Receding forest edges and vanishing reserves (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-06-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gascon, C -- Williamson, G B -- da Fonseca, G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 26;288(5470):1356-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 2501 M Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10847849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Plant Development ; Poaceae/growth & development ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Conservation biology. Group urges southwest migration corridors (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2259.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Mexico ; Southwestern United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ecological Society of America meeting. Global warming, insects take the stage at Snowbird (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-14
    Beschreibung: Despite the turmoil of not-so-distant forest fires and United Airlines troubles that threw off travel schedules, some 2600 ecologists made their way to this sun-soaked canyon last month for the Ecological Society of America's 85th annual meeting. Topics ranged from ancient droughts to photosynthesis beneath snow and how trees resist insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2031-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11032552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alaska ; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Moths/*physiology ; *Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Tannins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Trees/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ecosystem assessment. New survey to collect global news you can use (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-23
    Beschreibung: Researchers are hoping that the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a new 4-year, $20 million project that will get under way early next year, will synthesize what's known about the world's ecosystems and help policy-makers deal with those that are under siege. The assessment will turn loose ecologists and social scientists to gather and analyze data on the state of the world's ecosystems, assess nature's ability to provide essential "services" such as food and clean water, and project environmental trends such as deforestation, loss of species, and pollution. But some say that the assessment could end up a victim of its own lofty goals--to evaluate ecosystem health, supply data to implement treaties, and sell the message that ecosystems have economic value.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1676-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11001730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollution ; Foundations ; Greenhouse Effect ; *International Cooperation ; Public Policy ; United Nations
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-03-10
    Beschreibung: Scenarios of changes in biodiversity for the year 2100 can now be developed based on scenarios of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate, vegetation, and land use and the known sensitivity of biodiversity to these changes. This study identified a ranking of the importance of drivers of change, a ranking of the biomes with respect to expected changes, and the major sources of uncertainties. For terrestrial ecosystems, land-use change probably will have the largest effect, followed by climate change, nitrogen deposition, biotic exchange, and elevated carbon dioxide concentration. For freshwater ecosystems, biotic exchange is much more important. Mediterranean climate and grassland ecosystems likely will experience the greatest proportional change in biodiversity because of the substantial influence of all drivers of biodiversity change. Northern temperate ecosystems are estimated to experience the least biodiversity change because major land-use change has already occurred. Plausible changes in biodiversity in other biomes depend on interactions among the causes of biodiversity change. These interactions represent one of the largest uncertainties in projections of future biodiversity change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sala, O E -- Chapin, F S 3rd -- Armesto, J J -- Berlow, E -- Bloomfield, J -- Dirzo, R -- Huber-Sanwald, E -- Huenneke, L F -- Jackson, R B -- Kinzig, A -- Leemans, R -- Lodge, D M -- Mooney, H A -- Oesterheld, M -- Poff, N L -- Sykes, M T -- Walker, B H -- Walker, M -- Wall, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1770-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiologicas y Ecologicas vinculadas a la Agricultura, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martin 4453, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina. sala@ifeva.edu.ar〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Models, Biological ; Nitrogen
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Many plans, one bottom line: save endangered salmon (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kareiva, P -- Levin, P S -- McClure, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2281-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Northwestern United States ; *Salmon
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    DNA banks for endangered animal species (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-04-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryder, O A -- McLaren, A -- Brenner, S -- Zhang, Y P -- Benirschke, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 14;288(5464):275-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, CA 92112-0551, USA. oryder@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10777408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Biological Specimen Banks/economics ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Dna ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Internet ; Registries
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Hurricane disturbance and tropical tree species diversity (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-29
    Beschreibung: The debate over the maintenance of high diversity of tree species in tropical forests centers on the role of tree-fall gaps as a primary source of disturbance. Using a 10-year data series accumulated since Hurricane Joan struck the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua in 1988, we examined the pattern of species accumulation over time and with increased sampling of individuals. Our analysis shows that the pattern after a hurricane differs from the pattern after a simple tree-fall disturbance, and we conclude that pioneers are limited in large disturbances and thus do not suppress other species the way they do in smaller disturbances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vandermeer, J -- Granzow de la Cerda, I -- Boucher, D -- Perfecto, I -- Ruiz, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):788-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University Herbarium, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. jvander@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Climate ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Many plans, one bottom line: save endangered salmon (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayes, J -- Masonis, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2281-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Northwestern United States ; *Salmon
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Endangered species. Migrating otters push law to the limit (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-09
    Beschreibung: Fourteen years ago, Congress declared the Southern California coast an otter-free zone--but the unwitting creatures aren't cooperating. That's no surprise to federal biologists, who this summer issued a report concluding that the otter-free zone harms the already-endangered population. Federal officials are now trying to come up with a better plan, but it's likely to draw from politics as well as science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 25;289(5483):1271-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10979844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Government Agencies ; *Otters ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Environmental science. Biocomplexity blooms in NSF's research garden (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-01-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2068-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Science Disciplines ; *Ecosystem ; Financing, Government ; *Government Agencies/economics ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 69
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    Biosphere management: some tools of the trade (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-02-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Black, P E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 14;287(5451):235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10660421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 70
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    Millennial-scale dynamics of southern Amazonian rain forests (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-12-23
    Beschreibung: Amazonian rain forest-savanna boundaries are highly sensitive to climatic change and may also play an important role in rain forest speciation. However, their dynamics over millennial time scales are poorly understood. Here, we present late Quaternary pollen records from the southern margin of Amazonia, which show that the humid evergreen rain forests of eastern Bolivia have been expanding southward over the past 3000 years and that their present-day limit represents the southernmost extent of Amazonian rain forest over at least the past 50,000 years. This rain forest expansion is attributed to increased seasonal latitudinal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which can in turn be explained by Milankovitch astronomic forcing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayle, F E -- Burbridge, R -- Killeen, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2291-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. fem1@leicester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bolivia ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Pollen ; Rain ; Time Factors ; *Trees
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 71
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    The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of earth as a system (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-13
    Beschreibung: Motivated by the rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 due to human activities since the Industrial Revolution, several international scientific research programs have analyzed the role of individual components of the Earth system in the global carbon cycle. Our knowledge of the carbon cycle within the oceans, terrestrial ecosystems, and the atmosphere is sufficiently extensive to permit us to conclude that although natural processes can potentially slow the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2, there is no natural "savior" waiting to assimilate all the anthropogenically produced CO2 in the coming century. Our knowledge is insufficient to describe the interactions between the components of the Earth system and the relationship between the carbon cycle and other biogeochemical and climatological processes. Overcoming this limitation requires a systems approach.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, P -- Scholes, R J -- Boyle, E -- Canadell, J -- Canfield, D -- Elser, J -- Gruber, N -- Hibbard, K -- Hogberg, P -- Linder, S -- Mackenzie, F T -- Moore, B 3rd -- Pedersen, T -- Rosenthal, Y -- Seitzinger, S -- Smetacek, V -- Steffen, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):291-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Atmosphere ; *Carbon/metabolism ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climate ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 72
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    Homogenization of fish faunas across the United States (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-05-08
    Beschreibung: Fish faunas across the continental United States have become more similar through time because of widespread introductions of a group of cosmopolitan species intended to enhance food and sport fisheries. On average, pairs of states have 15.4 more species in common now than before European settlement of North America. The 89 pairs of states that formerly had no species in common now share an average of 25.2 species. Introductions have played a larger role than extirpations in homogenizing fish faunas. Western and New England states have received the most introductions, which is a reflection of the small number of native fishes in these areas considered desirable gamefish by settlers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rahel, F J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):854-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. frahel@uwyo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10797007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Species Specificity ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 73
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    Climate extremes: observations, modeling, and impacts (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-23
    Beschreibung: One of the major concerns with a potential change in climate is that an increase in extreme events will occur. Results of observational studies suggest that in many areas that have been analyzed, changes in total precipitation are amplified at the tails, and changes in some temperature extremes have been observed. Model output has been analyzed that shows changes in extreme events for future climates, such as increases in extreme high temperatures, decreases in extreme low temperatures, and increases in intense precipitation events. In addition, the societal infrastructure is becoming more sensitive to weather and climate extremes, which would be exacerbated by climate change. In wild plants and animals, climate-induced extinctions, distributional and phenological changes, and species' range shifts are being documented at an increasing rate. Several apparently gradual biological changes are linked to responses to extreme weather and climate events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Easterling, D R -- Meehl, G A -- Parmesan, C -- Changnon, S A -- Karl, T R -- Mearns, L O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2068-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Climatic Data Center, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801, USA. david.r.easterling@noaa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11000103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Climate ; Demography ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Insurance ; Models, Theoretical ; *Weather
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 74
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    Interoperability of biodiversity databases: biodiversity information on every desktop (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-29
    Beschreibung: Data about biodiversity are either scattered in many databases or reside on paper or other media not amenable to interactive searching. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is a framework for facilitating the digitization of biodiversity data and for making interoperable an as-yet-unknown number of biodiversity databases that are distributed around the globe. In concert with other existing efforts, GBIF will catalyze the completion of a Catalog of the Names of Known Organisms and will develop search engines to mine the vast quantities of biodiversity data. It will be an outstanding tool for scientists, natural resource managers, and policy-makers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, J L -- Lane, M A -- Nielsen, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2312-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11009409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Classification ; *Computer Communication Networks ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; International Cooperation ; *Internet ; Microcomputers ; Terminology as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 75
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    Conservation biology. When protecting one species hurts another (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-08-12
    Beschreibung: Biologists studying whether providing habitat for one wide-ranging species would protect another--the so-called umbrella effect--have found limited overlap between prime grizzly habitat and that of threatened fish, and grizzly conservation programs here may even be hurting the fish. Researchers are now grappling with how best to conserve habitat for multiple species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 21;289(5478):383-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; Montana ; Northwestern United States ; *Ursidae
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 76
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    Rapid evolution of reproductive isolation in the wild: evidence from introduced salmon (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-20
    Beschreibung: Colonization of new environments should promote rapid speciation as a by-product of adaptation to divergent selective regimes. Although this process of ecological speciation is known to have occurred over millennia or centuries, nothing is known about how quickly reproductive isolation actually evolves when new environments are first colonized. Using DNA microsatellites, population-specific natural tags, and phenotypic variation, we tested for reproductive isolation between two adjacent salmon populations of a common ancestry that colonized divergent reproductive environments (a river and a lake beach). We found evidence for the evolution of reproductive isolation after fewer than 13 generations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hendry, A P -- Wenburg, J K -- Bentzen, P -- Volk, E C -- Quinn, T P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):516-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-5810, USA. ahendry@bio.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11039932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phenotype ; *Reproduction ; Salmon/genetics/*physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Washington
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 77
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    Contributions of land-use history to carbon accumulation in U.S. forests (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-11-10
    Beschreibung: Carbon accumulation in forests has been attributed to historical changes in land use and the enhancement of tree growth by CO2 fertilization, N deposition, and climate change. The relative contribution of land use and growth enhancement is estimated by using inventory data from five states spanning a latitudinal gradient in the eastern United States. Land use is the dominant factor governing the rate of carbon accumulation in these states, with growth enhancement contributing far less than previously reported. The estimated fraction of aboveground net ecosystem production due to growth enhancement is 2.0 +/- 4.4%, with the remainder due to land use.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caspersen, J P -- Pacala, S W -- Jenkins, J C -- Hurtt, G C -- Moorcroft, P R -- Birdsey, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1148-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. jpc@eno.princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11073451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; *Biomass ; *Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Likelihood Functions ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 78
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    Predictions of biodiversity response to genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-01
    Beschreibung: We simulated the effects of the introduction of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops on weed populations and the consequences for seed-eating birds. We predict that weed populations might be reduced to low levels or practically eradicated, depending on the exact form of management. Consequent effects on the local use of fields by birds might be severe, because such reductions represent a major loss of food resources. The regional impacts of GMHT crops are shown to depend on whether the adoption of GMHT crops by farmers covaries with current weed levels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watkinson, A R -- Freckleton, R P -- Robinson, R A -- Sutherland, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 1;289(5484):1554-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Schools of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. a.watkinson@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10968791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Animals ; *Chenopodiaceae/genetics/growth & development ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Genetic Engineering ; Great Britain ; *Herbicides ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Seeds ; *Songbirds
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 79
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    Many plans, one bottom line: save endangered salmon (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bosse, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2281-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Northwestern United States ; *Salmon
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 80
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    Ecology. How climate change alters rhythms of the wild (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-02-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 4;287(5454):793, 795.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amphibians/physiology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Butterflies/physiology ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/physiology ; Mammals/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Songbirds/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 81
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    Evidence for ecological causation of sexual dimorphism in a hummingbird (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-07-21
    Beschreibung: Unambiguous examples of ecological causes of animal sexual dimorphism are rare. Here we present evidence for ecological causation of sexual dimorphism in the bill morphology of a hummingbird, the purple-throated carib. This hummingbird is the sole pollinator of two Heliconia species whose flowers correspond to the bills of either males or females. Each sex feeds most quickly at the flower species approximating its bill dimensions, which supports the hypothesis that floral specialization has driven the evolution of bill dimorphism. Further evidence for ecological causation of sexual dimorphism was provided by a geographic replacement of one Heliconia species by the other and the subsequent development of a floral dimorphism, with one floral morph matching the bills of males and the other of females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Temeles, E J -- Pan, I L -- Brennan, J L -- Horwitt, J N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 21;289(5478):441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA. ejtemeles@amherst.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10903203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Body Constitution ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Male ; Plant Structures/anatomy & histology ; Saint Lucia ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex Characteristics ; Zingiberales/*anatomy & histology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 82
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    Restoration ecology. Bringing the Salton Sea back to life (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-02-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 28;287(5453):565.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Birds ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; *Fresh Water ; Salts
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 83
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    Paleontology. Biggest extinction hit land and sea (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-09-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1666-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11001724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; *Geologic Sediments ; Oceans and Seas ; *Paleontology ; *Plants ; Seawater ; Volcanic Eruptions
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 84
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    A base dispute (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1990-08-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waldrop, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):472-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2382127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Information Systems ; Jurisprudence ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 85
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    Direct measurement of forces between linear polysaccharides xanthan and schizophyllan (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1990-09-14
    Beschreibung: Direct osmotic stress measurements have been made of forces between helices of xanthan, an industrially important charged polysaccharide. Exponentially decaying hydration forces, much like those already measured between lipid bilayer membranes or DNA double helices, dominate the interactions at close separation. Interactions between uncharged schizophyllans also show the same kind of hydration force seen between xanthans. In addition to the practical possibilities for modifying solution and suspension properties through recognition and control of molecular forces, there is now finally the opportunity for theorists to relate macroscopic properties of a polymer solution to the microscopic properties that underlie them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rau, D C -- Parsegian, V A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1278-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2144663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Carbohydrate Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Gels ; *Glycosaminoglycans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Osmosis ; *Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; *Sizofiran ; Solutions ; Viscosity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 86
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    Common features of protein unfolding and dissolution of hydrophobic compounds (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1990-02-02
    Beschreibung: Protein unfolding and the dissolution of hydrophobic compounds (including solids, liquids, and gases) in water are characterized by a linear relation between entropy change and heat capacity change. The same slope is found for various classes of compounds, whereas the intercept depends on the particular class. The feature common to these processes is exposure of hydrophobic groups to water. These observations make possible the assignment of the heat capacity change to hydrophobic solvation and lead to the description of protein stability in terms of a hydrophobic and a nonhydrophobic contribution. A general representation of protein stability is given by the heat capacity change and the temperature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, K P -- Privalov, P L -- Gill, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 2;247(4942):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Protein Denaturation ; *Proteins ; Thermodynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 87
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    Interparticle collisions driven by ultrasound (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1990-03-02
    Beschreibung: Ultrasound has become an important synthetic tool in liquid-solid chemical reactions, but the origins of the observed enhancements remained unknown. The effects of high-intensity ultrasound on solid-liquid slurries were examined. Turbulent flow and shock waves produced by acoustic cavitation were found to drive metal particles together at sufficiently high velocities to induce melting upon collision. A series of transition-metal powders were used to probe the maximum temperatures and speeds reached during such interparticle collisions. Metal particles that were irradiated in hydrocarbon liquids with ultrasound underwent collisions at roughly half the speed of sound and generated localized effective temperatures between 2600 degrees C and 3400 degrees C at the point of impact for particles with an average diameter of approximately 10 microns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doktycz, S J -- Suslick, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 2;247(4946):1067-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2309118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Metals ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microspheres ; *Ultrasonics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 88
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    Changes in mean concentration, phase shifts, and dissipation in a forced oscillatory reaction (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1990-01-12
    Beschreibung: Experiments are presented that confirm earlier predictions that the mode of supply of reactants to a nonlinear (bio)chemical reaction determines or controls concentrations at steady states far from equilibrium. The oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) catalyzed by the enzyme horseradish peroxidase with continuous input of oxygen was studied; NAD+ is continuously recycled to NADH through a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase system. A comparison of steady-state concentrations is made with an oscillatory oxygen input and a constant input at the same average oxygen input for both modes. By varying the frequency and amplitude of the perturbation (O2 influx), the following may be changed: the average concentration of NADH; the Gibbs free energy difference delta G of the reactants and products at steady state; the average rate of the reaction; the phase relation between the oscillatory rate and delta G; and the dissipation. These results confirm the possibility of an "alternating current chemistry," of control and optimization of thermodynamic efficiency and dissipation by means of external variation of constraints in classes of nonlinear reactions and biological pumps, and of improvements of the yield in such reactions (heterogeneous catalysis, for example).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazar, J G -- Ross, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 12;247(4939):189-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2294601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*metabolism ; Horseradish Peroxidase/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; NAD/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Peroxidases/*metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 89
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    An antibody binding site on cytochrome c defined by hydrogen exchange and two-dimensional NMR (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1990-08-17
    Beschreibung: The interaction of a protein antigen, horse cytochrome c (cyt c), with a monoclonal antibody has been studied by hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange labeling and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) methods. The H-exchange rate of residues in three discontiguous regions of the cyt c polypeptide backbone was slowed by factors up to 340-fold in the antibody-antigen complex compared with free cyt c. The protected residues, 36 to 38, 59, 60, 64 to 67, 100, and 101, and their hydrogen-bond acceptors, are brought together in the three-dimensional structure to form a contiguous, largely exposed protein surface with an area of about 750 square angstroms. The interaction site determined in this way is consistent with prior epitope mapping studies and includes several residues that were not previously identified. The hydrogen exchange labeling approach can be used to map binding sites on small proteins in antibody-antigen complexes and may be applicable to protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions in general.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3432411/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3432411/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paterson, Y -- Englander, S W -- Roder, H -- GM 31847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 35926/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM031847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S07-RR-05415-28/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):755-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1697101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology/metabolism ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; *Binding Sites, Antibody ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cytochrome c Group/*immunology ; Deuterium ; Epitopes/immunology ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinetics ; *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Conformation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 90
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    Studies of unusual simple molecules by neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1990-02-23
    Beschreibung: Reactive or unstable molecules are key intermediates in many important reactions, but can be difficult to prepare for experimental studies. Species with missing (:CH-OH) or extra (H3) substituents can often be formed conveniently in the gas phase by neutralizing a beam of a more stable ionic counterpart (CH = O+H, H3+). Reionization of the neutral after approximately 10(-6) seconds tests its stability, whereas its unimolecular chemistry can be probed by preparing it with different amounts of internal energy. The resulting neutral products are reionized and mass analyzed. Isomers are then characterized by ion dissociation and a third mass-analysis step. Many unusual molecules have been characterized with this technique, which can also be used to probe complex unimolecular chemistry, such as that of cyclobutadiene and ethylene oxide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLafferty, F W -- GM-16609/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):925-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Butadienes ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Ethylene Oxide ; Free Radicals ; Hydrocarbons ; *Ions ; *Mass Spectrometry ; Methane/analogs & derivatives ; Molecular Structure ; Thermodynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 91
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    Inhibition of FKBP rotamase activity by immunosuppressant FK506: twisted amide surrogate (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1990-05-18
    Beschreibung: The immunosuppressive agents cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit the transcription of early T cell activation genes. The binding proteins for cyclosporin A and FK506, cyclophilin and FKBP, respectively, are peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans isomerases, or rotamases. One proposed mechanism for rotamase catalysis by cyclophilin involves a tetrahedral adduct of an amide carbonyl and an enzyme-bound nucleophile. The potent FKBP rotamase inhibitor FK506 has a highly electrophilic carbonyl that is adjacent to an acyl-pipicolinyl (homoprolyl) amide bond. Such a functional group would be expected to form a stabilized, enzyme-bound tetrahedral adduct. Spectroscopic and chemical evidence reveals that the drug interacts noncovalently with its receptor, suggesting that the alpha-keto amid of FK506 serves as a surrogate for the twisted amide of a bound peptide substrate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosen, M K -- Standaert, R F -- Galat, A -- Nakatsuka, M -- Schreiber, S L -- GM-38627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 18;248(4957):863-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1693013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Isomerases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclosporins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression ; *Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase ; Recombinant Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tacrolimus
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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