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  • General Chemistry  (14,458)
  • BIOSCIENCES  (4,888)
  • COMMUNICATIONS  (3,504)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1970-1974  (8,775)
  • 1965-1969  (12,540)
  • 1920-1924  (3,532)
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Space and man (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of man's entry into space on changes in economics and technology, politics and law, science, philosophy, and art are considered. A single world economy, extracting from the natural resources of the moon and other cosmic bodies raw materials and energy, will avoid terrestrial limitations and improve society by eliminating the inequalities of economic and social status. However, a spacecraft for interplanetary travel require thermonuclear engines that achieve an escape velocity of 0.1 times the speed of light in order to allow an astronaut stellar expedition corresponding to the active life of a single generation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 128-134
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  • 2
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    Radio communications with extra-terrestrial civilizations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Communications between civilizations within our galaxy at the present level of radio engineering is possible, although civilizations must begin to search for each other to achieve this. If an extra-terrestrial civilization possessing a technology at our level wishes to make itself known and will transmit special radio signals to do this, then it can be picked up by us at a distance of several hundreds of light years using already existing radio telescopes and specially built radio receivers. If it wishes, this civilization can also send us information without awaiting our answer.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 79-82
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  • 3
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    Detection of life in space (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The selection of spacecraft experiments and equipment to detect extraterrestrial life outside earth centers on observations of chemical compounds similar to amino acids and proteins, on signs of metabolism in the form of nutrient absorption, and life form impressions in fossiles or signs of civilization.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820; p 42-52
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  • 4
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    Space psychology (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Psychological selection of astronauts considers mental responses and adaptation to the following space flight stress factors: (1) confinement in a small space; (2) changes in three dimensional orientation; (3) effects of altered gravity and weightlessness; (4) decrease in afferent nerve pulses; (5) a sensation of novelty and danger; and (6) a sense of separation from earth.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 29-41
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  • 5
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    Life in space (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Biotechnological aspects of manned space flight are reviewed and the basic biological problems of training and sustaining man in interplanetary flights are elaborated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 17-28
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  • 6
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    Intermediate memory devices (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Several methods of transfer and processing of data whose practical implementation requires operational memory devices are described. Devices incorporating multistable elements are proposed and their main parameters are given. The possibility of using the proposed devices for storing information for transmission in space radio communications channels is examined.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 155-162
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  • 7
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    Electromagnetic processes in the atmosphere of pulsars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The work consists of two parts. The first deals with the fine structure of radio pulses. Based on kinetic theory, processes occurring in the plasma shell of a pulsar when external electromagnetic radiation is present are investigated. It is shown that electromagnetic waves cause electrons to drift relative to ions, and initiate longitudinal oscillations. A dispersion equation describing the longitudinal oscillations in magnetized plasma is derived. Conditions for excitation of oscillations are found. Correlation functions of electron density are calculated, along with the coefficients of electromagnetic wave scattering. It is shown that variations in the amplitude of pulsar pulses are associated with scintillations caused by fluctuations in the plasma electron density. The second part of the study presents a mechanism for the radio emission of pulsars. The model of a rotating and a pulsating star, a neutron star with dipolar or more complex magnetic field, is examined.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3, (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 44-53
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  • 8
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    The tropospheric calibration model for Mariner Mars 1971 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of the troposphere on arrival time, range, and range rate measurement of radio signals propagating from spacecraft are examined. A tropospheric calibration model which takes into account seasonal variations, various elevations, and apparent location changes was developed. A comparison was made of the effects before and after calibration. Without calibration, a 16-m change in the distance off the spin axis, is induced for a 10-deg minimum elevation symmetrical pass. Even after calibration with the old model, the error in spin axis is still greater than 1 m. Calibration results and estimated uncertainties of the model are given in tabular form. Test results also show that the model met the required accuracy for the Mariner Mars 1971 mission.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Tracking System Analytic Calibration Activities for the Mariner Mars 1971 Mission; p 61-76
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  • 9
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    Optical antenna gain. II - Receiving antennas (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Expressions are developed for the gain of a centrally obscured, circular optical antenna used as the collecting and focusing optics in a laser receiver, involving losses due to (1) incoming light blockage by central obscuration, (2) energy spillover at the detector, and (3) the effect of local oscillator distribution in the case of heterodyne or homodyne detection. Numerical results are presented for direct detection and for three types of local oscillator distribution (uniform, Gaussian, and matched).
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 10
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    Optical antenna gain. I - Transmitting antennas (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The gain of centrally obscured optical transmitting antennas is analyzed in detail. The calculations, resulting in near- and far-field antenna gain patterns, assume a circular antenna illuminated by a laser operating in the TEM-00 mode. A simple polynomial equation is derived for matching the incident source distribution to a general antenna configuration for maximum on-axis gain. An interpretation of the resultant gain curves allows a number of auxiliary design curves to be drawn that display the losses in antenna gain due to pointing errors and the cone angle of the beam in the far field as a function of antenna aperture size and its central obscuration. The results are presented in a series of graphs that allow the rapid and accurate evaluation of the antenna gain which may then be substituted into the conventional range equation.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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  • 11
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    Alterations in left ventricular volumes induced by Valsalva manoeuvre (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Five patients were studied with left ventriculography during different phases of the Valsalva manoeuvre. Small doses of contrast medium allowed adequate repetitive visualization of the left ventricle for volume calculation. During strain phase, the volume of the left ventricle decreased by nearly 50 per cent in each case, and stroke volume and cardiac output also dropped strikingly. Release of straining was attended by a sharp rebound of left ventricular volume to control levels, with a transient surge of increased cardiac output 42 per cent above that of the resting state.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: British Heart Journal; 36; July 197
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  • 12
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    Apollo space crew cardiovascular evaluations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Cardiovascular responses associated with pre- and postflight orthostatic tolerance evaluations of Apollo crewmen are presented with a brief historical survey and a discussion of their implications for future manned space flight. Heart rates were increased while systolic and pulse pressures were decreased during the immediate postflight orthostatic evaluation. A postflight elevation in resting heart rate was a less frequent finding.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Aug. 197
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  • 13
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    Recovery of medically important microorganisms from Apollo astronauts (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Microbiological samples were obtained from the crewmembers of the Apollo 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 spaceflights. These specimens were analyzed for the presence of medically important microorganisms with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Tricophyton rubrum, and Candida albicans being discussed in detail. Preflight isolation of crewmembers was found to coincide with a complete absence of inflight disease events and is recommended for future spaceflights. No autoinfection response (microbial shock) occurred after any of the reported spaceflights.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Aug. 197
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  • 14
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    Alteration of pituitary-adrenal dynamics induced by a water deprivation regimen (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiments are described which were designed to assess the degree of adaptation that occurs in rats chronically exposed to the stress of a water-deprivation regimen and to determine if that adaptation represents a normalization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. There were no significant differences in mean corticosterone concentrations among control nondeprived rats 1, 4, and 8 weeks after the start of the experiment. The water-deprived rats, however, had significantly elevated plasma steroids 1 and 4 weeks after the onset of deprivation as compared to controls, but not after 8 weeks. Thus, there was a significant decrease in mean plasma corticosterone levels during water deprivation from 1 week to 8 weeks.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Physiology and Behavior; 12; 1974
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  • 15
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    The subsequence weight distribution of summed maximum length digital sequences (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An attempt is made to develop mathematical formulas to provide the basis for the design of pseudorandom signals intended for applications requiring accurate knowledge of the statistics of the signals. The analysis approach involves calculating the first five central moments of the weight distribution of subsequences of hybrid-sum sequences. The hybrid-sum sequence is formed from the modulo-two sum of k maximum length sequences and is an extension of the sum sequences formed from two maximum length sequences that Gilson (1966) evaluated. The weight distribution of the subsequences serves as an approximation to the filtering process. The basic reason for the analysis of hybrid-sum sequences is to establish a large group of sequences with good statistical properties. It is shown that this can be accomplished much more efficiently using the hybrid-sum approach rather than forming the group strictly from maximum length sequences.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Communications; COM-22; Aug. 197
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  • 16
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    Effects of simulated weightlessness on responses of untrained men to +Gz acceleration (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This study documents bedrest-induced metabolic and physiologic changes in six untrained men exposed, following a two-week period of simulated weightlessness, to possible +Gz acceleration profiles anticipated for Space Shuttle vehicle travel. All subjects demonstrated decreased +Gz tolerance following simulated weightlessness. While only one of six subjects could not tolerate the +Gz profile in the control phase of the study, three of the six could not complete the postbed-rest study. The use of an inflated standard Air Force cutaway G-suit improved +Gz tolerance in all subjects, but two of six subjects still failed to complete the profile. These findings are discussed in reference to the selection of untrained humans for Space Shuttle vehicle travel.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 36; June 197
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  • 17
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    Computer simulation of the Pioneer 10 microwave occultation experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: As Pioneer 10 approaches the planet Jupiter, its trajectory will carry it behind the planet, as seen from the earth. The microwave telemetry signal from the spacecraft will then pass through the Jovian atmosphere on its way to the earth, and analysis of the effects of the atmosphere on the signal should yield information on the atmospheric structure. To help define the capabilities of this experiment and to aid the analysis of the real data, we have simulated the occultation experiment on a computer by using model Jovian atmospheres and a predicted trajectory. The results indicate that the useful depth of penetration of the microwave signal will be governed by ammonia absorption rather than superrefractivity. The experiment is apparently far more sensitive to variations in cloud-top temperature than to variations in the hydrogen-helium ratio. Characteristic 'flashes' in the attenuation record of the signal may yield information on the location of the top of the Jovian convective zone.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; May 1
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  • 18
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    Mutual coupling in a finite planar array of circular apertures (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Equations are presented for the calculation of the interelement mutual coupling in a finite-size planar array of waveguide-fed apertures in an infinite flat conductor. The general mutual admittance expression is evaluated for circular apertures, and the mutual coupling calculations are verified experimentally for two Te-(11) mode excited apertures. Qualitative agreement between calculations for a 183-element array and an infinite array establishes the validity of the finite-array theoretical model.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 19
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    Channel simulation for optical communication systems (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is reported for simulating the signal fading that will be experienced by typical optical communication systems. The desired irradiance or amplitude fading statistics can be simulated by incorporating a linearized optical modulator subsystem between the transmitter and receiver. This technique has been implemented in the design and construction of a laboratory channel simulator. The design of the processing electronics is discussed along with the results of tests performed for each mode of operation.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; June 197
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  • 20
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    On first cycle slip time of phase-locked loops in cascade (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Precise measurement and spacecraft tracking are obtained by using phase-locked loops in cascade in two-way communications links. Statistics on cycle slip time are of vital importance in system planning and design. This paper presents: (1) results of a computer simulation study of the mean time to first cycle slip of cascade phase-locked loops preceded by bandpass limiters, and (2) the determination of probability distributions of cycle slip. Numerical results are obtained for a typical coherent communication system.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; AES-10; May 1974
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  • 21
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    Bistatic scatter from rain (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An experimental investigation of bistatic scatter from rain was conducted, using a 143-km scatter path at frequencies of 4.5 and 7.7 GHz. The ratio of transmitted to received power (transmission loss) was measured for scattering angles ranging from 6 to 130 deg. Simultaneous weather radar observations were made at a frequency of 1.3 GHz. Transmission loss estimates for the bistatic scatter path were computed, using the weather radar data, the bistatic radar equation, and a model for the scattering cross section per unit volume of rain based upon Rayleigh scattering by an ensemble of water spheres. The measured and estimated transmission loss values were compared to test the use of the scattering model for the estimation of interference. The averaged ratio of measured-to-calculated transmission loss for the 4.5 GHz data is 1.2 plus or minus 0.4 dB. The averaged ratio for the 7.7 GHz data is -1.6 plus or minus 0.5 dB.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 22
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    Determination of left ventricular size and shape (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Significant advances have occurred over the past 15 years in the ability to measure ventricular dimensions. Angiocardiography still remains the most reliable method for overall determination of chamber size and shape and serves as a standard for calibration or comparison for newer methods. Improvements in the use of radiographic methods over the next few years are anticipated with more extensive use of multiplane studies associated with repeated injections of improved contrast materials that produce fewer physiological effects or with substances that adhere to the endocardial surfaces. It is also anticipated that existing methods for automatically obtaining dimensional information from X rays will be continued and improved.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Circulation Research; 34; Jan. 197
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  • 23
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    Serotonin and pituitary-adrenal function (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation is conducted to evaluate the response of the pituitary-adrenal system to a stress stimulus in the rat. In the investigation brain serotonin synthesis was inhibited with p-chlorophenylalanine. In other tests the concentration of serotonin was enhanced with precursors such as tryptophan or 5-hydroxytryptophan. On the basis of the results obtained in the study it is speculated that in some disease states there is a defect in serotonergic neuronal processes which impairs pituitary-adrenal feedback mechanisms.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 248; Mar. 29
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  • 24
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    Life span and fine structural changes in oxygen-poisoned drosophila melanogaster (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Mar. 197
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  • 25
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    Irregular bilayer structure in vesicles prepared from Halobacterium cutirubrum lipids (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Fluorescent probes were used to study the structure of the cell envelope of Halobacterium cutirubrum, and, in particular, to explore the effect of the heterogeneity of the lipids in this organism on the structure of the bilayers. The fluorescence polarization of perylene was followed in vesicles of unfractionated lipids and polar lipids as a function of temperature in 3.4 M solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and KSCN, and it was found that vesicles of unfractionated lipids were more perturbed by chaotropic agents than polar lipids. The dependence of the relaxation times of perylene on temperature was studied in cell envelopes and in vesicles prepared from polar lipids, unfractionated lipids, and mixtures of polar and neutral lipids.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 356; 1974
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  • 26
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    Integrated laser/radar satellite ranging and tracking system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A laser satellite ranging system that is mounted upon and integrated with a microwave tracking radar is reported. The 1-pulse/sec ruby laser transmitter is attached directly to the radar's elevation axis and radiates through a new opening in the radar's parabolic dish. The laser photomultiplier tube receiver utilizes the radar's existing 20-cm diam f/11 boresight telescope and observes through a similar symmetrically located opening in the dish. The laser system possesses separate ranging system electronics but shares the radar's timing, computer, and data handling/recording systems. The basic concept of the laser/radar is outlined together with a listing of the numerous advantages over present singular laser range-finding systems. The developmental laser hardware is described along with preliminary range-finding results and expectations.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 27
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    Human radiation tolerance (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The acute radiation syndrome in man is clinically bounded by death at high dose levels and by the prodromal syndrome of untoward physiological effects at minimal levels of clinically effective exposure. As in lower animals, man experiences principally three acute modes of death from radiation exposure (Bond et al., 1965). These are known collectively as the lethal radiation syndromes: central nervous system death, gastrointestinal death, and hematopoietic death. The effect of multiple exposure on lethality, the effect of multiple exposure on hematopoietic recovery, and quantitative aspects of cell and tissue repair are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 28
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    Ultrastructural response of rat lung to 90 days' exposure to oxygen at 450 mm Hg (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Young Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 100% oxygen at 450 mm Hg in constant environment capsules for 90 days. Lung tissue examined by electron microscopy revealed a number of changes, many similar to those observed after exposure to oxygen at 760 mm Hg for shorter periods of time. Alterations in vesicle size and number and in mitochondrial matrix and cristae appear in both the endothelial and epithelial cells. Blebbing and rarefication of cytoplasm occur in both cell layers of the alveolo-capillary wall. Also seen are fluid in the basement membrane, platelets in the capillaries, and alveolar fluid and debris. All of these alterations occur at 1 atm exposure. However, after exposure to 450 mm Hg the changes are not as widespread nor as destructive as they are at the higher pressure.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Sept
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  • 29
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    Microbial detection method based on sensing molecular hydrogen (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An approach involving the measurement of hydrogen evolution by test organisms was used to detect and enumerate various members of the Enterobacteriaceae group. The experimental setup for measuring hydrogen evolution consisted of a test tube containing two electrodes plus broth and organisms. The test tube was kept in a water bath at a temperature of 35 C. It is pointed out that the hydrogen-sensing method, coupled with the pressure transducer technique reported by Wilkins (1974) could be used in various experiments in which gas production by microorganisms is being measured.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; May 1974
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  • 30
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    Shortwave telemetric system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The application of frequency modulation when constructing a telemetric system in the shortwave band. The operating principles, the construction of the system and the decision making device are described and experimental data are presented. The equipment can be used on sounding balloons.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 59-65
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  • 31
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    Treatment of the external epicondylitis of the humerus with a magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The therapeutic effect of a constant and varying magnetic field on epicondylitis of the humerus is studied on ninety patients. Good results are obtained from the treatment (recovery of 80%, considerable improvement in 14.5%). The method is recommended for clinical application.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 191-197
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  • 32
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    Effect of magnetic bracelets on the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood of patients with hypertension (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The data which have been obtained on the influence of magnetic bracelets on the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood indicate that the wearing of magnetic bracelets results in a decrease in the coagulation activity of the blood and an increase in the activity of the anticoagulation system. These changes must be viewed as favorable for patients with cardiovascular pathology.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 167-190
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  • 33
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    Changes in the fibrinogen-fibrin system following a 20-hour exposure of rabbits to a magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Prolonged exposure of animals to a constant magnetic field resulted in a sharp increase in the amount of fibrinogen. The addition of EACA to the plasma of experimental rabbits as well as protamine sulfate caused an additional increase in the amount of fibrinogen. A 20-hour exposure was accompanied by phenomena of paralysis of the pelvic limbs and death of some of the animals.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 163-166
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  • 34
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    Influence of a constant magnetic field on the fibrinogen-fibrin system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effect of a constant magnetic field with a strength of 2500 oersteds on the fibrinogen-fibrin system was studied in the organism of healthy rabbits with exposure times of 1 and 5 hours. The results obtained indicate disruptions in the stage of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and an increase in the amount of fibrinogen.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 157-161
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    Influence of a constant magnetic field on thrombocytes (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In an experiment on white mice it was found that a constant electromagnetic field with strength of 250-275 oersteds is biologically active at an exposure of 55 minutes. Qualitative and morphological changes in thrombocytes 1-3 days following exposure reduced their numbers, prolonged blood coagulation time and increased the number of leucocytes.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 141-147
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  • 36
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    The protective effect of a constant magnetic field (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The protective effect of a constant magnetic field sharply reduced spontaneous lysis of E. coli cells when subjected to ultraviolet radiation. A protective effect of a CMF was found in a study of tissue cultures of normally growing cells (kidney epithelium) and cancer cells (cells from a cancer of the larynx). The protective effect of a CMF is also seen in a combined exposure of tissue cultures to X-rays and CMF energy (strength of the CMF was 2000 oersteds with a gradient of 500 oersteds/cm). The data obtained are of interest to experimental oncology (development of new methods of treating malignant tumors).
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 148-156
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  • 37
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    Method of magnetobiological indication in clinical laboratory practice (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Data are presented on the use of the method of magnetobiological indication for defining the immunobiological state of patients with very serious diseases. It has been found that the enzymes of a patient react more sensitively to the energy from a magnetic field. It is important that the magnetoreactivity of the enzymes, like the cell forms of the blood in the patients, have a certain relationship to the clinical-nosological forms and the dynamics of the illness of the subject.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 129-140
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  • 38
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    Influence of a constant and variable magnetic field on the coagulation of human blood in vitro and in vivo (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of constant and varying magnetic fields on the coagulation of the blood was studied in experiments performed in vitro and vivo. In the in vitro tests it was found that a constant magnetic field with a strength of 100 or 200 oersteds influences the coagulation of the blood, retarding it in some cases and speeding up the coagulation time in others. In the in vivo studies, both retarding and accelerating effects were likewise observed with respect to the coagulation of the blood, but the nature of the change was a function of the background. A normalizing effect of the magnetic field on the coagulation of the blood was observed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 124-128
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  • 39
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    Change in fibrinolytic activity under the influence of a constant magnetic field (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The fibrinolytic activity of plasma changes under the influence of a constant magnetic field (CMF) with a strength of 250 or 2500 oersteds. CMF shows a tendency toward normalization of fibrinolytic processes in the presence of pathological disturbances in fibrinolysis activation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 117-123
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  • 40
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    Change in blood coagulation indices as a function of the incubation period of plasma in a constant magnetic field (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a constant magnetic field (CMF) with a strength of 250 and 2500 oersteds on the recalcification reaction and the tolerance of plasma to heparin was studied as a function of the exposure time of the plasma to the CMF. The maximum and reliable change in the activation of the coagulatory system of the blood was observed after a 20-hour incubation of the plasma in a CMF. As the exposure time increased, the recalcification reaction changed insigificantly; the difference between the mean arithmetic of the experiment and control values was not statistically reliable. The tolerance of the plasma to heparin as a function of the exposure time to the CMF of the plasma was considerably modified, an was statistically reliable.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 109-116
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  • 41
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    Repeated action of a constant magnetic field on the blood coagulation system in artificially produced anemia (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Changes are discussed in the coagulatory system of the blood in rabbits under the influence of a constant magnetic field of an intensity of 2500 oersteds against the background of artificially induced anemia. Reversibility of the changes produced and the presence of the adaptational effect are noted. Taking all this into consideration, the changes involving the coagulatory system of the blood which arise under the influence of a constant magnetic field may be considered to have a nerve-reflex nature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 97-108
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  • 42
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    The influence of a constant magnetic field on the coagulatory system of the blood in an experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a constant magnetic field with a strength of 2500 oersteds on the coagulatory system of the blood in rabbits was studied; the animals were subjected to this field for one and five hours. The magnetic field acts on the coagulatory system of the blood after only one hour exposure. Repeated 5-hour exposures cause activation of the anticoagulatory system in the blood and causes distinctive effects on the subsequent changes in the coagulatory system of the blood. It is quite likely that in this instance the adaptational properties of the organism make themselves felt.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 82-96
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  • 43
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    Effect of a magnetic field of extremely low intensity on the coagulatory system of the blood (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a magnetic field of 10,000 gamma on the conditions of the coagulatory system of rabbits was studied. The results from a number of experiments indicate that the action of a very weak magnetic field produces an increase in the coagulatory activity of the blood.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 73-81
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  • 44
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    Reactions of the nervous system to magnetic fields (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This magnetobiological survey considers sensory, nervous, stress and genetic effects of magnetic fields on man and animals. It is shown that the nervous system plays an important role in the reactions of the organism to magnetic fields; the final biological effect is a function of the strength of the magnetic fields, the gradient, direction of the lines of force, duration and location of the action, and the functional status of the organism.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 59-72
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  • 45
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    Results of comparison of the dynamics of the epidemic process with changes in the planetary index of magnetic disturbance (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Possible pathways for the action of factors related to solar activity and its magnetic effects on the epidemic process are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 31-38
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  • 46
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    Statistical evaluation of the significance of the influence of abrupt changes in solar activity on the dynamics of the epidemic process (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Statistical evaluations of the significance of the relationship of abrupt changes in solar activity and discontinuities in the multi-year pattern of an epidemic process are reported. They reliably (with probability of more than 99.9%) show the real nature of this relationship and its great specific weight (about half) in the formation of discontinuities in the multi-year pattern of the processes in question.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 49-58
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  • 47
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    The problem of the periodicity of the epidemic process (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analysis of data from epidemics makes it possible to determine their principal causes, governed by environmental factors (solar activity, etc.) The results of an analysis of the periodicity of the epidemic process in the case of diphtheria are presented which was conducted with the aid of autocorrelation and spectral methods of analysis. Numerical data (annual figures) are used on the dynamics of diphtheria in 50 regions (points) with a total duration of 2,777 years.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 39-48
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  • 48
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    The influence of weather on fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis indices by month showed an increase in the activity of these processes from winter to summer (1967-1968). At all seasons of the year, fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis increase during weather of the cyclonic type with passage of fronts and sharp fluctuations in meteorological factors in the atmosphere.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 24-30
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  • 49
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    Fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis on magnetically-active days (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On magnetically-active days, activation of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis is observed. The increase in fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis begins on the day of the onset of a magnetic storm, reaching a maximum in 24 hours. Activation is higher on days with magnetic storms with a sudden onset and a C index of 1.5-2.0.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 16-20
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  • 50
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    Influence of synoptic processes on fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis in healthy persons (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is shown that on days with frontal activity in the atmosphere the levels of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis are increased. The reactions of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis to the passage of warm and cold fronts varies with the season of the year.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 20-23
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  • 51
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    Influence of solar activity on fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: During periods of high solar activity fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis are increased. A direct correlative relationship is established between the indices of fibrinolysis, fibrinogenolysis and solar flares which were recorded two days before the blood was collected for analysis.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 12-15
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  • 52
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    Notes on the concept of normal values employed in clinical practice (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The question of the considerable variations in various blood parameters under the influence of changes in environmental factors is discussed. Recommendations are given that so-called normal values should be given special attention. Fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity studies on the blood in healthy human beings revealed significant differences for individual months and even on specific days. Changes in the activity of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis show a correlation with changes in the meteorological conditions, seasonal variations and changes in solar activity.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 9-11
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  • 53
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    Heliobiology, its development, successes and tasks (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Heliobiology studies the influence of changes in solar activity on life. Considered are the influence of periodic solar activity on the development and growth of epidemics, mortality from various diseases, the functional activity of the nervous system, the development of psychic disturbances, the details of the development of microorganisms and many other phenomena in the living world.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 1-8
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  • 54
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    Rhythmic variation in heart rate and respiration rate during space flight - Apollo 15 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: As part of the operational biomedical monitoring for Apollo manned missions, ECG and respiration rate are telemetered at selected intervals to mission control. The data were collected as part of this monitoring program. These data were evaluated for circadian and ultradian rhythmicity because of their uniqueness. The ability to detect and quantitate biorhythms in living systems during space flight is an important aspect of evaluating hypotheses concerning the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena. Circadian variation in heart rate during space flight is demonstrated here. In analyzing generated time series data it has been found that period discrimination is much better than the theoretical limit.
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  • 55
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    Hydrocortisone and ACTH levels in manned spaceflight (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The plasma hydrocortisone, plasma ACTH, and urinary hydrocortisone values were recorded for each man of the crews of Apollo flights eight through fifteen, 30, 14, and 5 days before flight, immediately after spaceflight recovery, and on future days until the return of most variables to preflight values. The plasma and urinary preflight hydrocortisone values were significantly higher than the postflight values. This result is discussed in terms of three possible explanations: (1) the adrenal-cortical function is suppressed during spaceflight; (2) the activity in flight may amount to stressful exercise, which tests have shown can cause a decrease in plasma adrenocortical hormones; and (3) the in-flight work-rest cycles may be such as to affect the circadian periodicity of the pituitary-adrenal function.
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  • 56
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    Diffraction theory techniques applied to aperture antennas on finite circular and square ground planes (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Expressions which represent the elevation-plane patterns of a large TEM mode coax aperture and a TM-01 mode circular aperture on finite circular and square ground planes have been derived using geometrical theory of diffraction; design curves for the coax case are presented. The expressions for the field pattern were obtained by superposing the infinite ground plane solutions, the first-order diffracted field solutions, and the axial caustic solutions in their respective regions of validity. The pattern analyses for the coax and circular apertures are verified experimentally.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; May 1974
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  • 57
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    Fine structure of tannin accumulations in callus cultures of Pinus elliotti /slash pine/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Canadian Journal of Botany; 52; 3, 19; 1974
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  • 58
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    Diffused optical waveguides (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Diffused optical waveguides are studied using the modal and the ray tracing approach, with an emphasis on the case of a hollow waveguide with diffuse cladding. The properties of the guided modes are investigated in detail. The applications of these structures to optical circuits, integrated optics lasers and capillary gas lasers are discussed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: vol. 43; July 197
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  • 59
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    Auditory and visual evoked potentials during hyperoxia (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experimental study of the auditory and visual averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) recorded during hyperoxia, and investigation of the effect of hyperoxia on the so-called contingent negative variation (CNV). No effect of hyperoxia was found on the auditory AEP, the visual AEP, or the CNV. Comparisons with previous studies are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology; 37; Oct. 197
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  • 60
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    The Apollo Lunar Sounder radar system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The objectives of the Apollo 17 Lunar Sounder Experiment (ALSE) were to detect subsurface geologic structures, to generate a continuous lunar profile, and to image the moon at radar wavelengths. A three-wavelength synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) operating at 60, 20, and 2 m wavelengths was designed to attain these objectives. The design choices reflected a balance of scientific requirements versus Apollo mission and hardware constraints. The radar data from the lunar mission were recorded on photographic film in a conventional SAR format, and were returned to earth for processing. A combination of optical and digital processing and exploitation techniques was applied to the scientific interpretation of the data. Some preliminary results from the lunar mission have been obtained.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE; vol. 62
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  • 61
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    Phase relationships between circadian rhythms and the environment in humans during hypokinesis (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
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  • 62
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    Mutual coupling in a finite planar array of circular apertures (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Equations are presented for the calculation of the interelement mutual coupling in a finite size planar array of wave-guide-fed apertures in an infinite flat conductor. The general mutual admittance expression is evaluated for circular apertures and the mutual coupling calculations are verified experimentally for two TE11 mode excited apertures. Qualitative agreement between calculations for a 183 element array and an infinite array establishes the validity of the finite array theoretical model.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 63
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    The action of ultrasounds on Bezostaia 1 winter wheat grown in sand pots treated with Knop solution (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results of 3 years of research are presented concerning the increase in length and weight of the aerial biomass as compared with the underground biomass, as well as the productivity indexes of Bezostaia 1 winter wheat. The experiment involved two varieties, each of them with nine repetitions. Sterile sifted sand treated several times with a Knop solution during the vegetative period was used as a seed bed. The seeds were kept in water for 2 hours before treatment. Biometric and statistical measurements showed significant responses in the treated varieties.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 244-249
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  • 64
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    New experimental contributions to understanding the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on tomatoes (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Irradiation of Aurora 100 tomatoes by a hydrodynamic ultrasonic generator with a frequency of 25 kHz per sec intensifies seed germination and the growth of the plants, causing precosity and increasing the output by 15.63 to 37.65%. The most effective radiation time (between 20 and 40 min) intensifies the phenophases. It causes some increase in output and changes in the chemical compositions of the fruits.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 238-242
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  • 65
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    Echocardiography of the aortic valve. I - Studies of normal aortic valve, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, and mixed aortic valve disease (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: British Heart Journal; 36; Apr. 197
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  • 66
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    Effect of bioisolation and the intestinal flora of mice upon evaluation of an Apollo diet (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; May 1974
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  • 67
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    Angiotensinase activity of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I /cathepsin C/ of rat liver (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Biological Chemistry; 249; Jan. 10
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  • 68
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    Role of gravity in preparative electrophoresis (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Electrophoresis has contributed significantly to the methodology of biological sciences, and shows the potential for large scale fractionation of a wide range of medically important substances, including living cells. Gravity plays an important role in the electrophoretic process, and hence the importance of the NASA effort to develop a zero-gravity separation facility as part of its shuttle program. The current state of art in electrophoresis is reviewed with particular emphasis on the role of gravity and the possible use of istachophoresis. This technique utilizes a discontinuous buffer system, and appears to be the only high resolution electrophoretic technique currently available for separation of living cells.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 729-253
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  • 69
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    Simulation study of communication link for Pioneer Saturn/Uranus atmospheric entry probe (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A digital simulation is presented for a candidate modem in a modeled atmospheric scintillation environment with Doppler, Doppler rate, and signal attenuation typical of the radio link conditions for an outer planets atmospheric entry probe. The results indicate that the signal acquisition characteristics and the channel error rate are acceptable for the system requirements of the radio link. The simulation also outputs data for calculating other error statistics and a quantized symbol stream from which error correction decoding can be analyzed.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-114739
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  • 70
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    Quantitative values of blood flow through the human forearm, hand, and finger as functions of temperature (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A literature search was made to obtain values of human forearm, hand and finger blood flow as functions of environmental temperature. The sources used include both government and laboratory reports and the research presented in the open literature. An attempt was made to review many of the more quantitative noninvasive determinations and to collate the results in such a way as to yield blood flow values for each body segment as continuous functions of temperature. A brief review of the various ways used to measure blood flow is included along with an abstract of each work from which data was taken.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62342
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  • 71
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    Circadian, endocrine, and metabolic effects of prolonged bedrest: Two 56-day bedrest studies (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two bedrest studies of 56 days each have been conducted to evaluate the effects of prolonged bedrest on circadian synchrony and endocrine and metabolic function. Measurements included the pituitary-adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, insulin-glucose-growth hormones, catecholamine excretion, body temperature, and heart rate. The results indicated that a rigorous regimen of exercise did not prevent the endocrine and metabolic effects of prolonged bedrest. Changes in circadian, endocrine, and metabolic functions in bedrest appear to be due to changes in hydrostatic pressure and lack of postural cues rather than to inactivity, confinement, or the bleeding schedule. Prolonged bedrest, particularly beyond 24 days, resulted in rhythm desynchronization in spite of well regulated light/dark cycles, temperature, humidity, activity, and meal times and meal composition and in increased lability of all endocrine parameter measured. It also resulted in an apparent insensitivity of the glucose response to insulin, of cortisol secretion to ACTH, and of growth hormone secretion to hypoglycemia.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3051 , A-5339
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    Low cost ground receiving systems for television signals from high-powered communications satellites. Volume 2: Parts list and engineering drawings (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Parts lists for the 2.25 GHz indoor- and antenna-unit assemblies are followed by drawings that constitute the drafting package for three converter types and the tunnel diode amplifier.
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    Type: NASA-CR-120933
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  • 73
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    Task 60 test report, evaluation of IRIG-A 21 channel constant bandwith FM multiplexer for shuttle development flight instrumentation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A frequency modulated (FM) multiplexer, consisting of 21 IRIG-A constant bandwidth (CBW) voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO's) was tested to determine its suitability for use in multiplexing 21 data signals which have frequency ranges of dc to 2 kHz. Tests were preformed with the composite signal, consisting of the mixed outputs of the 21 VCO's connected directly to a set of subcarrier discriminators, with the signal recorded on magnetic tape and played back through the discriminators and with the signal transmitted by a frequency-modulated FM S-band radio frequency RF transmitter to a FM receiver and through the subcarrier discriminators. Tape speed flutter was induced to determine the reduction in flutter noise which can be obtained by the tape speed compensation equipment. The RF transmission test included transmitting the composite signal at a nominal RF received signal of -73 dbm and at RF levels of -83 and -86 dbm.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-134304 , LEC-3558 , JSC-09017
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  • 74
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    Enzyme activity in terrestrial soil in relation to exploration of the Martian surface (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Sensitive tests for the detection of extracellular enzyme activity in Martian soil was investigated using simulated Martian soil. Enzyme action at solid-liquid water interfaces and at low humidity were studied, and a kinetic scheme was devised and tested based on the growth of microorganisms and the oxidation of ammonium nitrite.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-138587
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  • 75
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    Bone mineral measurement from Apollo experiment M-078 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Loss of mineral from bone during periods of immobilization, recumbency, or weightlessness is examined. This report describes the instrumentation, technique, and bone mineral changes observed preflight and postflight for the Apollo 14, 15, and 16 missions. The bone mineral changes documented during the Apollo Program are reviewed, and their relevance to future missions is discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-58110 , JSC-08680
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  • 76
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    Integrated source and channel encoded digital communications system design study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Studies on the digital communication system for the direct communication links from ground to space shuttle and the links involving the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). Three main tasks were performed:(1) Channel encoding/decoding parameter optimization for forward and reverse TDRS links,(2)integration of command encoding/decoding and channel encoding/decoding; and (3) modulation coding interface study. The general communication environment is presented to provide the necessary background for the tasks and to provide an understanding of the implications of the results of the studies.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-134183 , R7401-2
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  • 77
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    Test results on the Viking gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer instrument to be utilized in the Viking 1975 Molecular Analysis experiment has undergone preliminary testing in its flight configured version. A synthetic mixture of 24 components as well as a sample of the Murchison meteorite has been used for this purpose. The resulting data not only allowed the identification of most of the organic compounds known to be present, but also revealed the identity of a few unexpected ones. Thus, the sensitivity and reliability of the instrument and data system are satisfactorily demonstrated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Origin of Life; 5; July-Oct
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  • 78
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    Intrathoracic and venous pressure relationships during responses to changes in body position (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Simultaneous end-expiratory pressures, referred to midthoracic level, in the superior and abdominal venae cavae, pericardial space, and right and left heart, were recorded without thoracotomy in three anesthetized dogs during sudden changes from supine to vertical head-up or head-down body positions. Intrathoracic and dependent great vein pressures referred to midchest level (sixth thoracic vertebra) decreased and showed simple hydrostatic gradients in either vertical position. However, a discontinuity in the large vein hydrostatic gradient occurred just distal to the superior margin of the thorax in either body position and was resumed again above this level. It is concluded that, just as the cerebrospinal fluid and intraperitoneal pressures minimize the effects of gravitational and inertial forces on the cerebral and visceral circulations, the pericardial and pleural pressures have a similar role for the heart proper.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 37; Aug. 197
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  • 79
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    Oxygen effects on mortality of mice infected with Diplococcus pneumoniae (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mice infected by intraperitoneal injection of Diplococcus pneumoniae were held at 1 atm in either hypoxic (12%), hyperoxic (75%), or a normal (21%) oxygen environment. Mortality rates indicated prolongation of survival in hypoxia and shortened survival in hyperoxia. Exposure of mice to the experimental gas mixtures prior to inoculation did not alter the results.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; July 197
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  • 80
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    Regularity in the control of the free-running sleep-wakefulness rhythm (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In the present experiment, rigid control over the sleep and wake-up times was employed in an attempt to contain the natural rhythm to a 24-hr cycle. Eight subjects were isolated from all time and social cues for 10 days. They were placed on a rigid schedule of sleep between 11 p.m. and 7 a.m. The results indicate that, for practical purposes, the free-running sleep-wakefulness rhythm can be contained to a 24-hr cycle by rigid control of the sleep portion of the cycle. When part of the control was released by allowing the subjects to sleep beyond 7 a.m., they slept an average of 67 min longer and showed sleep latencies which averaged 73 min. From these data it is concluded that control of the sleep portion of the sleep-wakefulness cycle, particularly control of the wake-up time, is sufficient to contain the free-running sleep-wakefulness rhythm to a 24-hr cycle.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; July 197
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  • 81
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    Effects of turbulence in a planetary atmosphere on radio occultation (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A formulation is given for the correlation functions for the log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of both spherical and plane waves propagating in a turbulent medium whose correlation function for refractive index fluctuations is described by the product of a function of the average coordinate and a function of the difference coordinate. The results are applied to radio occultation of a flyby space probe by the atmosphere of Venus, assuming that the turbulence in the atmosphere exists as a layer, that it is localized, isotropic, and smoothly varying, and that the localized turbulence is described by the Kolmogorov spectrum. Closed-form solutions for both variances and frequency spectra of the log-amplitude and phase fluctuations are obtained using Rytov's method, and it is seen that the shape of the frequency spectra depends greatly on the characteristics and extent of the turbulence.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; July 197
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  • 82
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    The interpretation of ionospheric radio drift measurements. VII - Diffraction methods applied to E-region echo fading: Evidence of a focusing model (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 36; May 1974
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  • 83
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    Properties of cutoff corrugated surfaces for corrugated horn design (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Corrugated horns involve a junction between the corrugated surface and a conducting ground plane. Proper horn design requires an understanding of the electromagnetic properties of the corrugated surface and this junction. An integral equation solution has been used to study the influence of corrugation density and tooth thickness on the power loss, surface current, and the scattering from a ground plane/corrugated surface junction.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Mar. 197
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  • 84
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    Parabarosis and experimental infections. II - Body temperatures of small animals; methods of observation and control (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Mar. 197
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  • 85
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    Parabarosis and experimental infections. III - Susceptibility of mice to influenza virus as modified by chilling and by hyperbaric helium atmosphere. IV - Effect of varying O2 tensions on chlamydial infection in mice and cell cultures (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Mar. 197
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  • 86
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    Application of an integral equation formulation to the prediction of space shuttle annular slot antenna radiation patterns (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Pitch and roll plane radiation patterns computed by use of an integral equation formulation are presented for a space shuttle annular slot communications antenna. The excellent agreement between computed patterns and experimental patterns obtained from 1/35 scale models supports the use of this method as a design tool for similar spacecraft/aircraft antenna applications.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-22; Jan. 197
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  • 87
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    The effect of continuous low dose-rate gamma irradiation on cell population kinetics of lymphoid tissue (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Cellular response and cell population kinetics were studied during lymphopoiesis in the thymus of the mouse under continuous gamma irradiation using autoradiographic techniques and specific labeling with tritiated thymidine. On the basis of tissue weights, it is concluded that the response of both the thymus and spleen to continuous low dose-rate irradiation is multiphasic. That is, alternating periods of steady state growth, followed by collapse, which in turn is followed by another period of homeostasis. Since there are two populations of lymphocytes - short lived and long-lived, it may be that different phases of steady state growth are mediated by different lymphocytes. The spleen is affected to a greater extent with shorter periods of steady-state growth than exhibited by the thymus.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-140114
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  • 88
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    Abating exhaust noises in jet engines (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A noise abating improvement for jet engines including turbojets, turbofans, turboprops, ramjets, scramjets, and hybrid jets is introduced. A provision is made for an apparatus in the primary and/or secondary flow streams of the engines; the apparatus imparts to the exhaust gases a component rotation or swirl about the engine's longitudinal axis. The rotary component in the exhaust gases causes a substantial suppression of sound energy build up normally produced by an axial flow exhaust system.
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  • 89
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    Design of a 12 channel fm microwave receiver (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design, fabrication, and performance of elements of a low cost FM microwave satellite ground station receiver is described. It is capable of accepting 12 contiguous color television equivalent bandwidth channels in the 11.72 to 12.2 GHz band. Each channel is 40 MHz wide and incorporates a 4 MHz guard band. The modulation format is wideband FM and the channels are frequency division multiplexed. Twelve independent CATV compatible baseband outputs are provided. The overall system specifications are first discussed, then consideration is given to the receiver subsystems and the signal branching network.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140056 , R(T)-74/2
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  • 90
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    High temperature antenna development for space shuttle, volume 2 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An S-band antenna system and a group of off-the-shelf aircraft antenna were exposed to temperatures simulating shuttle orbital cold soak and entry heating. Radiation pattern and impedance measurements before and after exposure to the thermal environments were used to evaluate the electrical performance. The results of the electrical and thermal testing are given. Test data showed minor changes in electrical performance and established the capability of these antenna to withstand both the low temperatures of space flight and the high temperatures of entry.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-140226 , MDC-E0896-VOL-2
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  • 91
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    Noise suppressor (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A tuned noise suppressor is described consisting of annular acoustically porous elements for incorporation into the inlet and exhaust ducts of turbofan engines. The apparatus uses sound wave absorption, reflection, and incompatibility for achieving high noise reduction in the short distance. In addition, it has a duct of uniform inner diameter which does not block the duct flow.
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  • 92
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    Dual frequency dichroic feed performance (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The NASA Deep Space Net (DSN) in support of the Viking Mars Project in 1976, and for science and technology demonstrations during the Mariner-Venus-Mercury mission in 1974, has developed and implemented a dual (S- and X-band) feed for large ground microwave antennas. This feed provides for a multiplicity of functions; very low listening capability at each downlink (spacecraft-to-earth) band as well as simultaneous diplexed very high cw power uplink (earth-to-spacecraft) at the S-band frequency. Total 64-m antenna system performance, is considered in terms of gain, operating noise temperature and dual beam pointing or boresight coincidence. Because of the unique ability to fold or stow the dual band feed elements for single band operations, the performance definition between single and dual band operations will be reliable and accurate.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: AGARD Antennas for Avionics; 10 p
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  • 93
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    Effects of turbulence in the atmosphere of Venus on Pioneer Venus radio, phase 2 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two problems related to the effects of turbulence in the atmosphere of Venus on the Pioneer entry probe radio link were studied. In the first problem, the cross correlation between the log amplitude and phase fluctuations of the Pioneer Venus communications link is examined. Data show that for fluctuation frequencies above approximately 1 Hz there is little or no correlation. For frequencies below this region the correlation is weak and the square root of the coherence has a peak value close to 0.65. The second problem consists of interferring turbulence characteristics of the Venus atmosphere from the Mariner 5 phase fluctuations. Data show that with the data processing techniques developed and currently available, the phase error due to oscillator drift, assumed trajectory delay, and spline curve fit exceed the turbulence induced fluctuations. Results show that it is not possible to interfere with the turbulence characteristics from Mariner 5 phase fluctuations.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-139657 , JPL-TM-33-702
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    The potential for congressional use of emergent telecommunications: An exploratory assessment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study of the use of newly emerging communications technology for improving the understanding between members of Congress and their constituents was conducted. The study employed a number of specific methodologies such as interdisciplinary systems model building, technology analysis, a sample survey, and semi-structured interviews using sketches of the emergent channels. The following configurations were identified as representative of emergent channel characteristics: (1) the teleconference, (2) the videoconference, (3) the videophone, (4) cable television, (5) cable television polling, and (6) information retrieval. Analysis of the interview data resulted in an overview of the current congressional-constituent communication system and an assessment of the potential for emergent telecommunications, as perceived by congressmen and senior staff from 40 offices in the stratified judgement sample.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA-CR-139669 , GWPS-MON-20
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  • 95
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    Quantitative ecology and dry-heat resistance of psychrophiles (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Microorganisms capable of growth at 7 C were enumerated and isolated from soil samples from the manufacture area (Denver, Colorado) and assembly area (Cape Kennedy, Florida) of the Viking spacecraft. Temperature requirements were determined for these isolates, and those growing at 3 C, but not at 32 C were designated as obligate psychrophiles in this investigation. These were identified to major generic groups, and the population density of obligate psychrophiles from the various groups was determined. Dry heat D-values were found for those spores that demonstrated growth or survival under a simulated Martian environment.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-139667
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  • 96
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    Effects of prolonged acceleration with or without clinostat rotation on seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three 21-day tests of the effects of chronic centrifugation were carried out on populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition to 1 g the resultant g-forces tested were: 2,4,6,8,16, and 20 g. Observed end points included gross morphological characters such as size of plant organs and, at the other extreme, features of sub-cellular structure and ultrastructure. Plants were grown on banks of clinostats. The acceleration vector was directed either parallel with the plants' axes or transverse to the axes. Plant responses to chronic axial acceleration and to transverse acceleration with clinostated plants were determined. From the data obtained it was possible in some cases: (1) to determine the g-functions of specific plant developmental characters; (2) to extrapolate those functions to the hypothetical value at zero g in order to predict (tentatively) the morphology of a plant grown in space, (3) to describe morphological effects of clinostat rotation, (4) to determine which of those effects was influenced by the prevailing g-force, and (5) to put to direct test the assumption that clinostat rotation nullifies or compensates for the influence of gravity.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-139584
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  • 97
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    Variably positioned guide vanes for aerodynamic choking (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A choking device to cause a sonic barrier to be formed which reduces the transmission of noise in a direction opposed to the direction of air flow in a compressor that may be part of an aircraft gas turbine engine is described. The noise reduction is accomplished by proper shaping and movement of inlet guide vanes, and an actuator is connected to selected guide vanes to effect movement by programmed amounts as required to choke or partially choke within the design range of the axial-flow-air compressor.
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  • 98
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    Utility of ERTS for monitoring the breeding habitat of migratory waterfowl (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Since 1968 the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife (BSF&W) and the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan have cooperated on developing applications of remote sensing to the management of migratory waterfowl. Basically, this work has been concerned with (1) the assimilation of data on surface water conditions so that the data can be used as an index of annual waterfowl production, and (2) the collection of data on land use and wetland quality so that a measure of habitat carrying capacity is obtained. To date, efforts have been directed toward utilizing ERTS to monitor surface water conditions. An example of a model used for predicting the annual production of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) is presented. The data inputs to this model and the potential for acquiring these data using ERTS are described.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: PAPER-E12 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d ERTS-1 Symp., Vol. 1, Sect. B; p 1671-1686
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  • 99
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    An evaluation of the use of ERTS-1 satellite imagery for grizzly bear habitat analysis (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Improved classification and mapping of grizzly habitat will permit better estimates of population density and distribution, and allow accurate evaluation of the potential effects of changes in land use, hunting regulation, and management policies on existing populations. Methods of identifying favorable habitat from ERTS-1 multispectral scanner imagery were investigated and described. This technique could reduce the time and effort required to classify large wilderness areas in the Western United States.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: PAPER-E11 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d ERTS-1 Symp., Vol. 1, Sect. B; p 1653-1670
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  • 100
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    ERTS surveys a 500 km squared locust breeding site in Saudi Arabia (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: From September 1972 to January 1973, ERTS-1 precisely located a 500 sq km area on the Red Sea coastal plain of Saudi Arabia within which the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria, Forsk.) bred successfully and produced many small swarms. Growth of vegetation shown by satellite imagery was confirmed from ground surveys and raingauge data. The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of detecting potential locust breeding sites by satellite, and shows that an operational satellite would be a powerful tool for routine survey of the 3 x 10 to the 7th power sq km invasion area of the Desert Locust in Africa and Asia, as well as of other locust species in the arid and semi-arid tropics.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: PAPER-A15 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d ERTS-1 Symp., Vol. 1, Sect. A; p 233-246
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