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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Over the last decade eutrophication of freshwater artificial reservoirs in Cuba occurred in parallel to oligotrophication of estuarine and coastal waters. These two processes influenced both freshwater and marine fisheries. A dramatic shift in species composition in freshwater fisheries has occurred, from dominance by cichlids (tilapia) to dominance by cyprinids. The high fishery yield from some reservoirs, and shift in species composition, seems related to progressive eutrophication of reservoirs by nutrient subsidies from different anthropogenic activities; particular those related to the size of urban areas within their watersheds. On the other hand, marine landings of estuarine-dependent species declined more significantly than for other groups associated with seagrass beds–coral reefs and oceanic waters. The ratio between catches of estuarine-dependent species and those associated with seagrass beds and coral reefs, decreased significantly over the last 20 years. The decrease in landings was more evident in typical estuarine species, such as shrimps (Litopenaeus schmitti and Farfantopenaeus notialis), mangrove oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and mullets (Mugil spp.). River damming increased during the same period and is significantly correlated with these decreases. It is hypothesized that two different processes acted synergistically, leading to dramatic decreases of several orders of magnitude, in the catches of estuarine species over the last decade: the trapping of nutrients and sediments by river damming, and a drastic reduction in nutrient inputs from land-based sources due to reduced fertilizer use. These are postulated to have affected not only estuarine resources, but also the whole coastal ecosystem.
    Description: Durante la última década, la eutrofización de los embalses artificiales de agua dulce en Cuba se produjo en paralelo a oligotrophication de estuarios y costeras aguas. Estos dos procesos de influencia de agua dulce y la pesca marina. Un cambio dramático en la composición de las especies en la pesca de agua dulce se ha producido, de la dominación de los cíclidos (tilapia) a la dominación de ciprínidos. La alta producción de la pesca de algunos embalses, y el cambio en las especies composición, parece relacionada con la progresiva eutrofización de los embalses de las subvenciones de nutrientes de diferentes actividades antropogénicas, especialmente las relacionado con el tamaño de las zonas urbanas dentro de sus cuencas. Por otro lado, los desembarques de especies marinas de estuario-dependientes disminuyeron significativamente más que para otros grupos asociados con algas marinas Los arrecifes de coral-camas y las aguas oceánicas. La relación entre las capturas de las especies que dependen de los estuarios y las asociadas a las praderas marinas y Los arrecifes de coral, se redujo significativamente en los últimos 20 años. La disminución en los desembarques fue más evidente en especies típicas de estuarios, tales como camarones (Litopenaeus schmitti y Farfantopenaeus notialis), ostra de mangle (Crassostrea rhizophorae) y la lisa (Mugil spp.). El represamiento del Río aumentó durante el mismo período y se correlaciona significativamente con estas disminuciones. Se planteó la hipótesis de que dos procesos diferentes actúan de forma sinérgica, que conduce a una disminución drástica de varios órdenes de magnitud, en las capturas de las especies de estuario en la última década: la captura de nutrientes y sedimentos por represas río, y una reducción drástica de los aportes de nutrientes de fuentes terrestres, debido a la reducción del uso de fertilizantes. Se postula que han afectado no sólo a los recursos estuarinos, sino también todo el ecosistema costero.
    Description: Published
    Description: ríos
    Description: impactos antropogénicos
    Keywords: river ; Fisheries ; Eutrophication
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se muestra la evolución de las capturas de las sierras y pintadas, se describen las 3 maneras en que las especies pueden quedar atrapadas en la redes de enmalles, así como también los tipos de redes (deriva, media agua y de fondo).
    Description: Published
    Description: Scomberomorus regalis
    Description: Scomberomorus maculatus
    Description: Scomberomorus cavalla
    Description: spanish mackerel
    Description: king mackerel
    Description: painted mackerel
    Description: enmalle
    Description: arte de pesca
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Description: Mugil curema
    Description: Mugil liza
    Description: Mugil cephalus
    Description: Gerres cinereus
    Description: patao
    Description: coastal lagoons
    Keywords: Mullet fisheries ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Ce travail représente une contribution à l'étude de l'activité de pêche hauturière dans le gouvernorat de Médenine, particulièrement, au niveau du port de Zarzis ; durant la période (juin 2005-juin 2006). Il consiste à réaliser, grâce à des enquêtes menées au port, deux types d'analyses : une analyse quantitative afin de déterminer les débarquements saisonniers moyens des espèces les plus débarquées par la pêche hauturière et une analyse qualitative pour établir les structures démographiques des espèces les plus exploitées dans la région. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que, durant la période d'étude, les principales espèces débarquées par la pêche hauturière sont la sardinelle, le maquereau, le saurel, le rouget blanc, le pageot, la thonine, la seiche et la crevette royale. En examinant les débarquements saisonniers moyens des espèces les plus débarquées par type de pêche, nous avons remarqué que deux ou trois espèces dominent pour chaque saison. De plus, l'analyse des structures démographique des apports a montré que la majorité des individus débarqués sont matures, à l’exception du maquereau dont les captures sont constituées d’individus immatures, surtout pendant les saisons d’été et d’automne.
    Description: This work represents a contribution to the study of the offshore fishing activity in the governorate of Medenine, particularly at the port of Zarzis, during the period (june 2005-june 2006. It is to realize, through surveys conducted at the port, two types of analyzes: a quantitative analysis to determine the average seasonal landings of most landed species by fishing offshore units and qualitative analysis to determine the demographic structure of the most exploited species in the region. The obtained results showed that during the period of study, the main landed species by offshore fishing are sardinella, mackerel, horse mackerel, white mullet, sea bream, skipjack tuna, cuttlefish and the caramote prawn. By examining the average seasonal landings of the most landed species, we noticed that, for each season, two or three species dominate. Furthermore, analysis of demographic structures of the landings showed that the majority of landed individuals are mature, with the exception of mackerel catches which are composed of immature individuals, especially during the seasons of summer and autumn.
    Description: Published
    Description: analyse qualitative
    Description: pêche hauturière
    Keywords: Quality analysis ; Offshore ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Refereed , Meeting abstract
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se muestran las capturas históricas de la biajaiba (1935-2000), la evolución de las capturas del pargo (una de las especies de mayor interés económico en Cuba). Se evalúa la utilización de éstas artes de pesca en especies comerciales y su implicación con daños al medio ambiente. Se tiene en cuenta que los pargos criollos, la biajaiba y el caballerote representan el 20 % de las capturas.
    Description: Published
    Description: pesquería artesanal
    Description: cubera
    Description: cherna criolla
    Description: pesca del alto
    Description: pargo
    Description: rabirrubia
    Description: caballerote
    Description: biajaiba
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Un análisis de los datos arqueológicos e históricos sobre la pesca en Cuba muestra que el impacto de la población aborigen sobre los recursos pesqueros no fue significativo debido a su baja densidad poblacional y a las tecnologías de pesca. El interés por el oro, el tamaño de la población, las limitaciones tecnológicas para la pesca y preservación de las capturas así como las preferencias dietéticas de los españoles todas indican que la pesca tampoco fue una actividad económica importante durante los tres siglos que siguieron a la llegada de Colón. Las preferencias por la carne de res y el bacalao salado y la baja tasa de crecimiento poblacional durante el período colonial determinaron que la mayor parte de los recursos pesqueros, con la excepción del manatí y las tortugas marinas, permanecieran prácticamente inexplorados durante varios siglos después de la Conquista. Los datos estadísticos e históricos revelan que la pesca experimentó un rápido crecimiento desde 1950 y este patrón parece ser una característica común en el Caribe así como en otras partes del mundo. Las presiones sobre la vida marina fueron más evidentes en la segunda mitad del siglo xx cuando el crecimiento poblacional, las mejoras tecnológicas y las demandas del mercado aceleraron el sector pesquero así como la urbanización en la mayoría de los países del caribe.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Integrated management ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Refereed , Article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A yield per recruit model has been used to compare the effects of mesh size increment on the yields and revenues of the fisheries of Cameroon under two different cases. Case 1 assumes the commercial fishery to move from the exploitation of three age-groups to two age-groups with no interactions with the artisanal fishery, whereas Case 2 takes into account these interactions. The difference in the percentage increase of yield per recruit between case 1 and case 2 is 61% at current fishing (46% and 18% yield per recruit increment in cases 1 and 2 respectively). The usually accepted long-term yield per recruit increment with increase of age at first capture (with a single non-interacting fisheries) is, in this case, cancelled out. However, the revenues increase by 72% and 63% in cases 1 and 2 respectively. Therefore the economic approach, compared with purely biological analyses, is more convincing. In general, as fisheries always interact, a single-fishery management approach should not be the rule as it is at present; management strategies should consider interactions between different fisheries and be based on their economic performances and not, as said earlier, on purely biological considerations. This is because a biological approach to fisheries management will, at best, be modified by economic factors, or, at worst, be ignored totally in favour of economic policies.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Biological interaction ; Sciaenidae ; Fisheries development ; Fishery management ; Yield/recruit ; Commercial fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La pêche au Sénégal joue un rôle économique et social très important par une contribution globale de près de 11% du PIB primaire et 2,3% du PIB total. Elle occupe de façon directe et indirecte environ 600 000 personnes, soit près de 17% de la population active selon la DP M. Cependant ces dernières décennies, les études ont montré que le secteur traverse une crise aiguë se traduisant par une raréfaction croissante des ressources, notamment les espèces nobles qui ont une forte valeur commerciale. Cette crise est due entre autres à une surexploitation de ces ressources qui est le résultat d’un manque de maîtrise de l’effort de pêche surtout pour les pêcheries artisanales (80% des débarquements et plus de 60% des approvisionnements des industries de la place) au regard du volume de ressources disponibles. Ce manque de maîtrise est dû essentiellement par un défaut du suivi contrôle et surveillance au niveau de la pêche artisanale par l’Etat, qui n’a pas les moyens humains et matériels pour appliquer des mesures de gestion, qui pour la plupart ne sont pas adaptées aux réalités des acteurs à la base. L’objet de cette étude est d’analyser une nouvelle approche axée sur la surveillance participative basée sur l’émergence d’initiatives locales de cogestion au niveau des quatre (04) sites du programme GIRMaC que sont ; Ouakam, Ngaparou, Foundiougne et Bétenty. Il ressort de cette étude que : • Le secteur de la pêche traverse une crise aiguë due principalement selon les acteurs à un défaut de suivi, contrôle et surveillance tel que appliqué actuellement ; • L’approche de cogestion avec des bases juridiques cohérentes, comme le propose le programme GIRMaC peut être un moyen viable pour solutionner à la crise que traverse la pêche ; • D’une part le système Suivi Contrôle et Surveillance coûte cher, d’autre part que ces coûts sont fortement amoindris lorsque les acteurs participent à l’effort de surveillance, par une démarche de surveillance participative en cogestion.
    Description: Président : Omar Thiom THIAW, Professeur UCAD Membres : • Niokhor DIOUF, Chercheur IUPA. • Luis Tito Morais, Chercheur IRD Dakar. • Djiby THIAM, Chercheur GIRMac
    Description: Published
    Description: surveillance; contrôle; cogestion; effort de pêche; pêcherie; surexploitation; biodiversité; pêche artisanale
    Keywords: Ocean surveillance ; Ecosystem management ; Fishing effort ; Overexploitation ; Biodiversity ; Artisanal fishing ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Master thesis
    Format: 87
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Description: espéces pélagiques
    Description: sardine
    Description: pêche industrielle
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Industrial fish ; Fish products ; Fishing industry ; Fishing fleet
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: conservation
    Description: chaine froide
    Description: poisson
    Keywords: Food conservation ; Fisheries ; Fish conversion ; Conservation (fishery products) ; Glass ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Description: Pêche
    Description: Senneur
    Keywords: Seining ; Fisheries ; Fisheries ; Seiners
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: ACDI;CRDI; République Française, Ministère des Affaires Etrangéres; CDE; Enda Graf Sahel;
    Description: Conseil Info MPEA, Projer d'Accés à l'information et au Conseil pour les microet petites entreprises agroalimentaires; Projet d'Appui aux Opérateurs/trices de l'Agroalimentaires (PAOA); Cintech Agroalimentaire; Groupe de Recherche et d'Echanges Technologiques (GRET); Enda GRaf Sahel; SNC-LAVALIN International
    Description: Published
    Description: transformation; transformation artisanale; échantillonage; collecte de données; commercialisation
    Keywords: Processing fishery products ; Biological sampling ; Data collections ; Marketing and distribution ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Master thesis
    Format: 41
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Français - Les traits essentiels de la côte sénégalaise, repères historiques de la pêche, communautés de pêcheurs, caractéristiques des flottes et modes d’accès à la ressource et d’interaction sont analysés. Les caractéristiques, tendances décroissantes de l’abondance,niveaux d’exploitation, mesures d’aménagement, relations interspécifiques, changements potentiels et sources de variation des stocks démersaux côtiers sont précisés. Les notions de tactiques et stratégies de pêche sont passées en revue, conceptualisées puis étudiées.Le modèle «Dynamique Conjointe Exploitation Ressource» utilisé repose sur la définition de 4 typologies. L’utilisation de méthodes de classification et de connaissances d’experts conduit à considérer 32 stocks, 31 strates, 82 tactiques et 25 flottilles artisanales et chalutières. Les typologies sont articulées avec la prise en compte de paramètres relatifs à l’économie, aux stocks, flottilles et règles de décisions. L’ajustement est satisfaisant en partie. Toutefois, le modèle garde son importance en matière de prospective et d’objectifs à atteindre via la définition de variables de contrôle. Notre travail peut être considéré comme une esquisse invitant à un groupe de travail élargi aux experts des institutions halieutiques nationales voire, sous-régionales. Des propositions sont faites sur les bases de données, les licences de pêche et l’étude des tactiques et stratégies à mener suivant des pas de temps raisonnables pour tenir compte du grand dynamisme des pêcheries. Dès lors qu'il s’agit de caractériser l'impact de la pêche sur l'écosystème, ces travaux sont des éléments essentiels des recherches à faire sur la dynamique des écosystèmes exploités. English - The essential features of the Senegalese coast, fisheries history, fishermen's communities, artisanal and trawling fleet’s characteristics and their way of accessing to the resource and interactions are described. The characteristics, evolutionary tendencies of abundance, level of exploitation, measures of fisheries management, interspecific relationship, potential evolutionary changes and sources of variation of coastal demersal stocks are specified. Tactics and strategies are reviewed, conceptualized and studied. We used the model "Dynamique Conjointe Exploitation Ressource" which lies on 32 stocks, 31 strata, 82 tactics, 25 fleets and several other parameters dealing with stocks, fleets, economy and making decision rules. The adjustment is partially satisfactory but the model is of great interest for prospective studies and objectives to reach once defined variables of control. Our work is an outline calling for an enlarged working group implying national or sub regional fisheries institutional experts. Tactics and strategies studies, re-actualized in artisanal fisheries, are performed for the first time in industrial fisheries. The typological approach is simple, pertinent, efficacy and fast. Propositions are made relatively to databases, fishing licenses and tactics and strategies studies that should be implemented according to a reasonable time steps in order to take into account the big dynamism of the Senegalese fisheries. As it is intended to characterize fisheries impact on ecosystem, these works are one of essential research elements on the dynamic of exploited ecosystems.
    Description: Published
    Description: pêcherie; démersale côtière; modélisation; stocks; écosystème; communauté de pêcheurs; eaux continentales; eaux marines; saison hydrologique; pêcheur; flottille; crevettier; capture; aménagement des pêcheries; pêche chalutière; pêche artisanale; licence de pêche; permis de pêche
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Modelling ; Stocks ; Ecosystems ; Community fishing ; Inland waters ; Marine water ; Hydrologic cycle ; Fishermen ; Fishing fleet ; Shrimp fisheries ; Capture fisheries ; Fisheries management ; Trawling ; Artisanal fishing ; Fishing licenses
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Bachelor thesis
    Format: 234
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Description: conservation
    Description: produits
    Description: pêche
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Fish products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 23 (2013): 959–971, doi:10.1890/12-0447.1.
    Description: The biological benefits of marine reserves have garnered favor in the conservation community, but “no-take” reserve implementation is complicated by the economic interests of fishery stakeholders. There are now a number of studies examining the conditions under which marine reserves can provide both economic and ecological benefits. A potentially important reality of fishing that these studies overlook is that fishing can damage the habitat of the target stock. Here, we construct an equilibrium bioeconomic model that incorporates this habitat damage and show that the designation of marine reserves, coupled with the implementation of a tax on fishing effort, becomes both biologically and economically favorable as habitat sensitivity increases. We also study the effects of varied degrees of spatial control on fisheries management. Together, our results provide further evidence for the potential monetary and biological value of spatial management, and the possibility of a mutually beneficial resolution to the fisherman–conservationist marine reserve designation dilemma.
    Description: M. G. Neubert acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (DMS-0532378, OCE-1031256) and a Thomas B. Wheeler Award for Ocean Science and Society. H. V. Moeller acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. This research is based in part on work supported by Award No. USA 00002 made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
    Keywords: Bioeconomics ; Destructive fishing practices ; Fisheries ; Habitat damage ; Marine protected areas ; Marine reserves ; Optimal control ; Optimal harvesting ; Spatial management
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 16
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    Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino | Madrid (Espagne)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Description du secteur de la pêche Avec la Mauritanie, le Sénégal est de loin le plus grand producteur de produits de pêche de la sous région. Avec 718 km de cote et un territoire maritime de 198km2, 15 745 km2 de superficie fluviale, 2 estuaires, des mangroves et un lac de 350km2, le Sénégal possède tous les atouts des plus grands producteurs de pêche. Le potentiel annuel de captures s’élève à 500 000 tonnes. Le secteur a subi une croissance spectaculaire ces trente dernières années : les débarquements sont passés 50 000 tonnes en 1965 à plus de 450 000 en 1997. Le secteur se compose principalement de deux sous-secteurs : la pêche industrielle et la pêche traditionnelle ou artisanale. Cette dernière, vielle de plusieurs siècles a su s’adapter et se moderniser au cours des dernières décennies. La flotte de pêche artisanale est dynamique et diversifiée ; selon les estimations, en 2005 il y avait plus de 13 000 pirogues. La pêche artisanale se concentre dans sept régions maritimes et fluviales du pays: Dakar, Thiès, Saint Louis, Fatick, Zinguinchor, Louga et Kaolack. Le port de Kayar dans la région de Thiès correspond à la principale zone de débarquement de la pêche artisanale avec environ 70% des débarquements. Dans le secteur industriel, les pêcheurs travaillent à bord d’une flottille de petits sardiniers, de 143 chalutiers destinés à la pêche d’espèces demersales, de 3 sardiniers et de 42 thoniers. Alors que le Sénégal domine largement le sous-secteur demersale avec 70% des chalutiers opérants, le pays ne possède que 6 thoniers contre 38 étrangers, dont une partie seulement des captures est débarquée au Sénégal. La pêche industrielle est concentrée autour de la capitale dans le Port autonome de Dakar et des ports secondaires de Saint Louis, Kaolack et Ziguinchor. Aujourd’hui, le secteur de la pêche sénégalaise est largement dominé par la pêche artisanale, qui constituait 90% des cargaisons totales des produits de la mer en 2006 avec 350 000 tonnes. Plus de 60% des produits de la pêche artisanale sont destinés à l’exportation et la transformation. En 2006, le secteur dans son ensemble représentait 9% du PIB du secteur primaire, 1.5% du PIB total, et 1/3 des devises étrangères (250 millions de dollars par an). Plus importante que le poids économique du secteur, est son poids social : la pêche génère indirectement 600 000 emplois, dont 67% au sein du secteur artisanal. En outre, les produits de la pêche comblent les besoins en protéines animales de la population sénégalaise à hauteur de 75%1. La pêche a connu une expansion spectaculaire au cours des dernières décennies grâce à l’impulsion de politiques publiques de développement basées sur une logique sectorielle productiviste. Une flotte nationale artisanale et industrielle a été progressivement mise en place ainsi que de fortes capacités de transformation industrielle. Cet engagement de l’Etat a ensuite connu un net ralentissement du fait, entre autre, des politiques d’ajustement structurel. Le renchérissement des coûts de production subséquents à la dévaluation du franc CFA en 1994 a lourdement affecté les pêcheurs. Parallèlement, avec la forte demande en produits halieutiques et en l’absence de politiques adéquates et cohérentes de gestion durable des ressources exploitables, une situation de surexploitation des ressources halieutiques s’est installée. En conséquence de la raréfaction des ressources halieutiques, la pêche sénégalaise traverse une crise sans précédent, dont les effets commencent à se faire sentir à tous les niveaux : appauvrissement des communautés de pêcheurs, menace de l’approvisionnement en poisson des populations, baisse des captures à haute valeur ajoutée, baisse des exportations, baisse de la rentabilité et des revenus des unités de pêche. Par ailleurs, de plus en plus d’établissements de transformation industrielle ferment (23 entreprises entre 1999 et 2006).
    Description: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Y Medio Rural y Marino
    Description: Pablo Manuel Xandri Royo CTP Proyecto (INT/07/16M/SPA) Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del Convenio de Colaboración entre el actual Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino de España y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo de 28 de diciembre de 2007
    Description: Published
    Description: environnement; socio-économie; pêche; capture; débarquement; engin de pêche; femme; pêcheur; convention internationale; réglementation
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Marine environment ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Capture fisheries ; Landing statistics ; Fishing gear ; Women ; Fishermen ; Conventions ; Fishery regulations
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 208
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Programme KURUKAN FUGAN (Union Européenne/Gouvernement du Sénégal/EndaGraf/GRET)
    Description: Published
    Description: politique de pêche; environnement marin; socio-économie; co-gestion; aquaculture; pêche artisanale; pêche industrielle; pêcherie; ONG; AMP; ressource halieutique; organisations professionnelles
    Keywords: Marine environment ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Fishery management ; Aquaculture ; Artisanal fishing ; Fisheries ; Industrial fish ; Fishery resources ; Fishing policy ; Protected areas ; Professionals
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book , Non-Refereed , Article
    Format: 26
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-09-18
    Description: En la época colonial algunas especies de peces cubanos retienen sus nombres por los cuales eran conocidos por los aborígenes: biajaca, biajaiba, cojinúa, jiguagua, cibí. Aún hoy se designan de igual forma. En esta época aparece la primera obra científica impresa en Cuba, los primeros pueblos pescadores y los primeros científicos.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-09-18
    Description: Published
    Description: especies nativas
    Description: pesca
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Indigenous species ; Indigenous fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2021-09-18
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-09-18
    Description: Recuento en forma breve de las pesquerías de estas especies durante varios siglos, en los cuales los sabios Parra y Felipe Poey ofrecen descripciones. Precios, lugares de captura y pescadores son los protagonistas.
    Description: Published
    Description: Emperador-Xiphias gladius
    Description: pez espada
    Description: castero-Makaira nigricans
    Description: aguja blanca-Tetrapturus albidus
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2021-09-18
    Description: Causas del descenso en las pesquerías de estas especies a partir de 1975. Se describen las técnicas y artes de pesca empleadas y se abunda en la complejidad de las capturas y las características de los palangres empleados para cada especie. Una comparación es establecida además con países del área. De forma muy didáctica e instructiva.
    Description: Published
    Description: castero-Makaira nigricans
    Description: Emperador-Xiphias gladius
    Description: aguja blanca-Tetrapturus albidus
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 23
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2013-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, Cameron -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 4;499(7456):115-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23841144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Authorship ; Biodiversity ; Congresses as Topic ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Ecology/education ; *Education, Graduate ; Fisheries ; *Group Processes ; International Cooperation ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Research Personnel/*education ; Research Report ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):546-7. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6132.546.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquaculture ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Bays ; *Earthquakes ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Geologic Sediments ; Japan ; Pacific Ocean ; *Tsunamis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 15, EGU2013-12695, 2013
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 26
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    In:  12th IAGA Scientific Assembly (Merida, Mexico 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We present a new interface between the geochemical simulator PHREEQC and the open source language R. It represents a tool to flexibly and efficiently program and automate every aspect of geochemical modelling. The interface helps particularly to setup and run large numbers of simulations and visualise the results. Also profiting of numberless high-quality R extension packages, performing sensitivity analysis or Monte Carlo simulations becomes straightforward. Further, an algorithm to speedup reactive transport simulations starting from homogeneous or zone- homogeneous state is programmed and successfully evaluated through the interface. It proved effective and could therefore be included in any reactive transport simulator.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We studied 40 artesian wells (AWs) in the Amu Darya Delta. These wells include high-salinity (∼ 52 g/l) and saline (5 – 24 g/l) waters but are mostly low-salinity waters (1.3 – 2.9 g/l). The low-salinity AWs cluster into three types, reflecting the variable mixing of different end-member solutes: (residual) brines and solutes deriving from silicate alteration, dissolution of limestone and dissolution of gypsum. The solutes are all undersaturated in calcite and gypsum, contain a substantial cation excess against dissolved inorganic carbon and are characterised by low Ca/SO4 ratios. On the basis of the hydrochemical mass budgets of model cases, we demonstrate that Na-rich Cl-brines (45-48%) and a Na2SO4-brine (30-47%) are the dominant solute components. The solutes derived from aluminium silicate alteration are minor components (7.3 – 19.4%). Even less important are solutes from limestone or gypsum dissolution (0.05 – 3.7%). These waters are unlikely to have originated from sediments hosting gypsum. The low-salinity AWs must have acquired their dominant hydrochemical signatures under non-equilibrium conditions between their remote (unknown) seepage areas and their discharge locations. This acquisition may have begun during the early hydrochemical groundwater evolution when meteoric or surface water passed the critical zone under an arid climate regime. Warmer saline AWs (∼40°C) hosted in deeper Cretaceous formations contain a high portion of NaCl-rich brine (85%) and some are saturated in gypsum. These waters were derived from fluids rising along faults from pre-Cretaceous strata. The high-salinity and relatively cold AWs discharge close to the retreating Aral Sea south of its western basin. These AWs are suboxic, and Si concentrations are very low. The AW hydrochemical signatures reflect the dissolution of halite and gypsum. We observed positive correlations between temperature, Br, B and Si. The temperature correlation with bromide likely documents the transformation of organically bound Br. The silica concentrations in low-salinity AWs southeast of the Aral Sea (eastern basin) are close to quartz saturation and define a chemical Si-geothermometer.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We applied scaled physical analogue experiments to investigate the early development of salt diapirs induced by differential sedimentary loading in an intra-continental basin realm (e.g. the North German Basin). During the experiments, deformation in a salt-analogue viscous layer was initiated by variations in the thickness of an overlying brittle material and subsequent accumulation of the brittle material further sustained deformation. A 2D optical image correlation system was used to monitor the strain evolution in the salt analogue material. Our models indicate that the formation of salt pillow structures can be achieved by minimum variations in the overburden loading. The increase of differential loading by adding synkinematic layers in the subsided areas causes not only an active piercing of the viscous layer through the brittle overburden but also an additional uplift in the adjacent areas. These elevations, named “secondary structures”, act as origins for a successive generation of diapirs. Consequently, an initial perturbation of the salt–sediment-interface can lead to a lateral propagation temporally shifted diapirs. The linkage between primary and secondary structures is reflected in the synkinematic overburden layers such as overlapping peripheral sinks in the transition zone between two diapirs. These sinks, in turn, are a frequently observable phenomenon around salt structures of the North German basin indicating that “secondary diapirism” is an underestimated process – besides regional tectonic stresses – influencing the evolution of salt structures.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 33
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    In:  Mineralogical Magazine - Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 35
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    In:  Lecture Notes from the Summer School of DFG SPP1257 Global Water Cycle | Schriftenreihe Institut für Geodäsie und Geoinformation ; 30
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: On 2012 May 20 and 29, two damaging earthquakes with magnitudes Mw 6.1 and 5.9, respectively, struck the Emilia-Romagna region in the sedimentary Po Plain, Northern Italy, causing 26 fatalities, significant damage to historical buildings and substantial impact to the economy of the region. The earthquake sequence included four more aftershocks with Mw ≥ 5.0, all at shallow depths (about 7–9 km), with similar WNW–ESE striking reverse mechanism. The timeline of the sequence suggests significant static stress interaction between the largest events. We perform here a detailed source inversion, first adopting a point source approximation and considering pure double couple and full moment tensor source models. We compare different extended source inversion approaches for the two largest events, and find that the rupture occurred in both cases along a subhorizontal plane, dipping towards SSW. Directivity is well detected for the May 20 main shock, indicating that the rupture propagated unilaterally towards SE. Based on the focal mechanism solution, we further estimate the co-seismic static stress change induced by the May 20 event. By using the rate-and-state model and a Poissonian earthquake occurrence, we infer that the second largest event of May 29 was induced with a probability in the range 0.2–0.4. This suggests that the segment of fault was already prone to rupture. Finally, we estimate peak ground accelerations for the two main events as occurred separately or simultaneously. For the scenario involving hypothetical rupture areas of both main events, we estimate Mw = 6.3 and an increase of ground acceleration by 50 per cent. The approach we propose may help to quantify rapidly which regions are invested by a significant increase of the hazard, bearing the potential for large aftershocks or even a second main shock.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 38
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    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 15, EGU2013-3192, 2013
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We present regional-scale mass balances for 25 drainage basins of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) from satellite observations of the Gravity and Climate Experiment (GRACE) for the years 2002–2011. Satellite gravimetry estimates of the AIS mass balance are strongly influenced by mass movement in the Earth interior caused by ice advance and retreat during the last glacial cycle. Here, we develop an improved glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) estimate for Antarctica using newly available GPS uplift rates, allowing us to more accurately separate GIA-induced trends in the GRACE gravity fields from those caused by current imbalances of the AIS. Our revised GIA estimate is considerably lower than previous predictions, yielding an (upper) estimate of apparent mass change of 48 ± 18 Gt yr−1. Therefore, our AIS mass balance of −103 ± 23 Gt yr−1 is considerably less negative than previous GRACE estimates. The Northern Antarctic Peninsula and the Amundsen Sea Sector exhibit the largest mass loss (−25 ± 6 Gt yr−1 and −126 ± 11 Gt yr−1, respectively). In contrast, East Antarctica exhibits a slightly positive mass balance (19 ± 16 Gt yr−1), which is, however, mostly the consequence of compensating mass anomalies in Dronning Maud and Enderby Land (positive) and Wilkes and George V Land (negative) due to interannual accumulation variations. In total, 7% of the area constitute more than half of the AIS imbalance (53%), contributing −151 ± 9 Gt yr−1 to global mean sea-level change. Most of this imbalance is caused by long-term ice-dynamic speed up expected to prevail in the future.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 40
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    In:  Joint Annual Meeting Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft & Geologische Vereinigung e.V. / Sediment (Tübingen, Germany 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 42
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    In:  5th TerraSAR-X / 4th TanDEM-X Science Team Meeting (Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 44
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    In:  38th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering (Stanford, USA 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: 3000 m of ice sheet thickness has ensured that central Greenland has kept it geothermal heat flow (GHF) distribution enigmatic. Some few direct ice temperature measurements from deep ice cores reveal a GHF of 50 to 60 mW/m2 in the Summit region and this is noticeably above what would be expected for the underlying Early Proterozoic lithosphere. In addition, indirect estimates from zones of rapid basal melting suggest extreme anomalies 15 to 30 times continental background. Subglacial topography indicates caldera like topographic features in the zones hinting at possible volcanic activity in the past [1], and all of these observations combined hint at an anomalous lithospheric structure. Further supporting this comes from new high-resolution P-wave tomography, which shows a strong thermal anomaly in the lithosphere crossing Greenland from east to west [2]. Rock outcrops at the eastern and western end of this zone indicate significant former magmatic activity, older in the east and younger in the west. Additionally, plate modelling studies suggest that the Greenland plate passed over the mantle plume that is currently under Iceland from late Cretaceous to Neogene times, consistent with the evidence from age of magmatism. Evidence of rapid basal melt revealed by ice penetrating radar along the hypocentre of the putative plume track indicates that it continues to affect the Greenland continental geotherm today. We analyse plume-induced thermal disturbance of the present-day lithosphere and their effects on the central Greenland ice sheet by using a novel evolutionary model of the climate-ice-lithosphere-upper mantle system. Our results indicate that mantle plume-induced erosion of the lithosphere has occurred, explaining caldera-type volcanic structures, the GHF anomaly, and requiring dyke intrusion into the crust during the early Cenozoic. The residual thermo-mechanical effect of the mantle plume has raised deep-sourced heat flow by over 25 mW/m2 since 60 Ma and explains the high basal melting rates of the Greenland ice sheet observed in the study area. [1] Fahnestock, M., Abdalati, W., Joughin, I., Brozena, J., Gogineni, P., 2001. High geothermal heat flow, Basal melt, and the origin of rapid ice flow in central Greenland. Science (New York, N.Y.). 294, 2338–2342. [2] Jakovlev, A.V., Bushenkova, N.A., Koulakov, I.Y., Dobretsov, N.L., 2012. Structure of the upper mantle in the Circum-Arctic region from regional seismic tomography. Russian Geology and Geophysics. 53, 963–971.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We present in a statistical study a comparison of thermospheric mass density enhancements (ρrel) with electron temperature (Te), small-scale field-aligned currents (SSFACs), and vertical ion velocity (Vz) at high latitudes around noon magnetic local time (MLT). Satellite data from CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) and DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) sampling the Northern Hemisphere during the years 2002–2005 are used. In a first step we investigate the distribution of the measured quantities in a magnetic latitude (MLat) versus MLT frame. All considered variables exhibit prominent peak amplitudes in the cusp region. A superposed epoch analysis was performed to examine causal relationship between the quantities. The occurrence of a thermospheric relative mass density anomaly, ρrel 〉1.2, in the cusp region is defining an event. The location of the density peak is taken as a reference latitude (Δ MLat = 0°). Interestingly, all the considered quantities, SSFACs, Te, and Vz are co-located with the density anomaly. The amplitudes of the peaks exhibit different characters of seasonal variation. The average relative density enhancement of the more prominent density peaks considered in this study amounts to 1.33 during all seasons. As expected, SSFACs are largest in summer with average amplitudes equal to 2.56 μA m−2, decaying to 2.00 μA m−2 in winter. The event related enhancements of Te and Vz are both largest in winter (Δ Te =730 K, Vz =136 m s−1) and smallest in summer (Δ Te = 377 K, Vz = 57 m s−1. Based on the similarity of the seasonal behaviour we suggest a close relationship between these two quantities. A correlation analysis supports a linear relation with a high coefficient greater than or equal to 0.93, irrespective of season. Our preferred explanation is that dayside reconnection fuels Joule heating of the thermosphere causing air upwelling and at the same time heating of the electron gas that pulls up ions along affected flux tubes.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 47
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    In:  Sedimentary Basins Jena - Research, Modelling, Exploration (Jena, Germany 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 48
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    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 15, EGU2013-12938, 2013
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 49
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    In:  CLEAN. CO2 Large-Scale Enhanced Gas Recovery in the Altmark Natural Gas Field | Geotechnologien science report ; 19 ; Advanced Technologies in Earth Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 51
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    In:  Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment | Ecosystem Development ; 4
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We document Quaternary fluvial incision driven by fault-controlled surface deformation in the inverted intermontane Gökırmak Basin in the Central Pontide mountains along the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau. In-situ-produced 10Be, 21Ne, and 36Cl concentrations from gravel-covered fluvial terraces and pediment surfaces along the trunk stream of the basin (the Gökırmak River) yield model exposure ages ranging from 7 ± 1 ka to 346 ± 45 ka and average fluvial incision rates over the past ~350 ka of 0.28 ± 0.01 mm a-1. Similarities between river incision rates and coastal uplift rates at the Black Sea coast suggest that regional uplift is responsible for the river incision. Model exposure ages of deformed pediment surfaces along tributaries of the trunk stream range from 60 ± 5 ka to 110 ± 10 ka, demonstrating that the thrust faults responsible for pediment deformation were active after those times and were likely active earlier as well as explaining the topographic relief of the region. Together, our data demonstrate cumulative incision that is linked to active internal shortening and uplift of ~0.3 mm a-1 in the Central Pontide orogenic wedge, which may ultimately contribute to the lateral growth of the northern Anatolian Plateau.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Plinian and Ignimbrite deposits represent explosive activity (ca. 17-19 cal ka) within the predominantly effusive and mildly explosive (Strombolian) volcanic history of Mount Etna (Italy). Proximal glasses from the Biancavilla Ignimbrites and Unit D Plinian fall deposits are characterised. Fall deposits recorded at Acireale (D1b and D2b) and Giarre (D1a and D2a) are geochemically distinct confirming they relate to different eruptions. The Acireale Plinian fall (D1b and D2b) deposits compositionally overlap with the Biancavilla Ignimbrite deposits. These explosive eruptions from Etna are considered responsible for widespread ash dispersals throughout the central Mediterranean region, producing the marker tephra layers (Y-1/Et-1) recorded in marine and lacustrine sedimentary archives. Stratigraphically these distal tephras occur at or close to the onset of the last deglaciation (Termination 1) within their respective palaeoenvironmental records, therefore making them potentially crucial tephrostratigraphic markers. This study investigates distal tephra deposits thought to be from Etna recorded in the Ionian Sea (Y-1), Lago Grande di Monticchio (LGdM, Italy; tephras TM-11 and TM-12-1), Lago di Mezzano (Italy) and the Haua Fteah cave (Libya). The glass chemistry of Y-1 tephras recorded in the Ionian Sea and at Haua Fteah are consistent with the Biancavilla Ignimbrites (16,965-17,670 cal yrs BP) and the upper Acireale Plinian fall (D2b). The LGdM record indicates that explosive activity on Etna associated with Unit D spans a minimum of 1540 ± 80 varve years. TM-12-1 (19,200-19,804 cal yrs BP) in LGdM appears to represent the oldest distal counterpart of Etna Unit D explosive activity and is associated with the lower Acireale (D1b) Plinian eruption. The proximally undefined TM-11 (17,640-18,324 cal yrs BP) and distal correlatives are geochemically distinct from the Ionian Sea Y-1 tephra. Such significant compositional differences seen between distal tephra layers are not observed within individual proximal units and are likely to indicate that the distal tephras relate to separate eruptive phases. Until proximal relationships can be established, the TM-11 type Y-1 equivalents should be termed TM-11. Great care should be exercised when using these distal ash layers to synchronise sedimentary records during a crucial period of environmental change.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 59
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    In:  9th International Geothermal Conference IGC-2013 (Freiburg, Germany 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 61
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    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Earthquakes are commonly located by linearized inversion of discrete arrival time picks made from signals recorded at a network of seismic stations. If mis-picks are made, these will contribute to the location, therefore causing potential bias. For data recorded by a dense seismic array, direct imaging methods can be applied instead. We describe the ‘coalescence microseismic mapping’ method, which is a bridge between the two approaches and will operate with seismic data recorded continuously on a sparse array. By continuously mapping scalar signals derived from the envelope of seismic arrivals we derive robust estimates of the spatiotemporal coordinates of the origins of seismic events. Noisy data are migrated away from the correct origin, so do not contribute to errors in location. The method is rooted in a Bayesian formulation of event location traveltime inversion, allows imaging of source locations and has the capacity to handle errors in modelled traveltimes. It has the advantage of working with any 3-D velocity model, which thereforemay include anisotropy. It also automatically incorporates both P- and S-wave data. A multiresolution grid search leads to an efficient implementation, with a search over a larger domain including joint inversion for location and velocity structure possible where warranted by the data quality. We discuss the theory and implementation of this method and illustrate it with real data from microseismic events in Iceland caused by melt intrusion in the crust.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The geological storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers is seen as a promising measure for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. However, generally large-scale pressure build-up as a result of CO2 injection may impact the mechanical behaviour of reservoir, caprock and existing faults. Caprock fracturing, ground uplift, reactivation of faults or induced seismicity are inherent risks that may pose potential health, security and environmental hazards.
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 66
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 68
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    In:  Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 69
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    In:  Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Wissenschaftliche Projekte produzieren große Mengen an Literatur in Form von Artikeln, Büchern, Buchkapiteln, Dissertationen, Diplomarbeiten. Mitunter ist das Sammeln, Auswerten, Analysieren und Anreichern mit neuen Erkenntnissen von Literatur selbst Teil des Projektauftrags. Nach Abschluss des Projekts versinken diese mit großem Aufwand zusammengetragenen wertvollen fachspezifischen Literatursammlungen häufig und geraten, etwa nach Abschalten der entsprechenden Projektwebseiten, aufgrund mangelnder technischer Ausstattung oder veralteter Datenformate, in Vergessenheit und werden somit interessierten Nachnutzern vorenthalten. Die Bibliothekssuchmaschine ALBERT, ein gemeinsames Produkt des KOBV und der Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein, greift diesen Malus auf und macht Sammlungen von Projektliteratur dauerhaft und normiert verfügbar. So werden abgeschlossene oder auch laufende Projekte per Export in ALBERT integriert und als eigene Kollektion dargestellt. Darüber hinaus bietet ALBERT die Möglichkeit, eine eigene permanente Landing Page zu erstellen, die neben generellen Informationen zum Projekt auch als Quereinstieg für Google und Konsorten dient, wodurch ein weitaus höherer Verbreitungsgrad erzeugt wird. Der meist leicht zu realisierende XML-Export beugt zudem veralteten Datenformaten vor. Der Zugang zur Projektliteratur selbst wird dadurch wesentlich erleichtert und verstetigt. So wird offen zugängliche Literatur im Volltext indexiert und direkt über ALBERT angeboten. Andere Inhalte, die lizensiert sind oder deren Urheberschaft unklar ist, werden in der Bibliothek als gedruckte Kopie vorgehalten und können so eingesehen werden. Aus der Vielfalt der sonstigen erschlossenen Quellen sowie der angebotenen Services in ALBERT kann in Verbindung mit institutsassoziierten Projekten so ein sehr umfassendes und einzigartiges Fachportal entstehen, das sonst verstreute Kollektionen gewinnbringend zusammenführt und vor der digitalen Amnesie bewahrt.
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Since the International Geophysical Year (1957), a view has prevailed that East Antarctica has a relatively homogeneous lithospheric structure, consisting of a craton-like mosaic of Precambrian terranes, stable since the Pan-African orogeny 500 million years ago (e.g. Ferracioli et al. 2011). Recent recognition of a continental-scale rift system cutting the East Antarctic interior has crystallised an alternative view of much more recent geological activity with important implications. The newly defined East Antarctic Rift System (EARS) (Ferraccioli et al. 2011) appears to extend from at least the South Pole to the continental margin at the Lambert Rift, a distance of 2500 km. This is comparable in scale to the well-studied East African rift system. New analysis of RadarSat data by Golynsky & Golynsky (2009) indicates that further rift zones may form widely distributed extension zones within the continent. A pilot study (Vaughan et al. 2012), using a newly developed gravity inversion technique (Chappell & Kusznir 2008) with existing public domain satellite data, shows distinct crustal thickness provinces with overall high average thickness separated by thinner, possibly rifted, crust. Understanding the nature of crustal thickness in East Antarctica is critical because: 1) this is poorly known along the ocean–continent transition, but is necessary to improve the plate reconstruction fit between Antarctica, Australia and India in Gondwana, which will also better define how and when these continents separated; 2) lateral variation in crustal thickness can be used to test supercontinent reconstructions and assess the effects of crystalline basement architecture and mechanical properties on rifting; 3) rift zone trajectories through East Antarctica will define the geometry of zones of crustal and lithospheric thinning at plate-scale; 4) it is not clear why or when the crust of East Antarctica became so thick and elevated, but knowing this can be used to test models of Cenozoic ice sheet formation and stability. References Chappell, A.R. & Kusznir, N.J. 2008. Three-dimensional gravity inversion for Moho depth at rifted continental margins incorporating a lithosphere thermal gravity anomaly correction. Geophysical Journal International, 174 (1), 1–13. Ferraccioli, F., Finn, C.A., Jordan, T.A., Bell, R.E., Anderson, L.M. & Damaske, D. 2011. East Antarctic rifting triggers uplift of the Gamburtsev Mountains Nature, 479, 388–392. Golynsky, A.V. & Golynsky, D.A. 2009. Rifts in the tectonic structure of East Antarctica (in Russian). Russian Earth Science Research in Antarctica, 2, 132–162. Vaughan, A.P.M., Kusznir, N.J., Ferraccioli, F. & Jordan, T.A.R.M. 2012. Regional heat-[U+FB02]ow prediction for Antarctica using gravity inversion mapping of crustal thickness and lithosphere thinning. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 14, EGU2012–8095.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 76
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    In:  Fokus Zielgruppe : Wen erreicht Wissenschaftskommunikation? Dokumentation
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The study of mantle lithosphere plays a key role to reveal predominant tectonic setting process of a region. The current geological and tectonic setting of Iran is due to the ongoing continental–continental collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates. We applied a combined P and S receiver function analysis to the teleseismic data of nine permanent broadband seismic stations of the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology located in different tectonic zones of Iranian plateau. More than 4 years of data were used to estimate the thickness of the crust and mantle lithosphere. According to our results, the crust is 50 km thick beneath the Zagros fold and thrust belt (ZFTB). We found the maximum Moho depth of approximately 70 km under the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone (SSZ) indicating the overthrusting of the crust of Central Iran onto the Zagros crust along the main Zagros thrust (MZT). Below the northeasternmost part of the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) and Central Iran, the Moho becomes shallower and lies at 40 km depth. Towards northeast, beneath the Alborz zone, the crust is 55 km thick. Based on S receiver functions, we provided new insights into the thickness of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheres. The location of the boundary between these plates was estimated to be beneath the SSZ, which is slightly shifted northeastward relative to the surficial expression of the MZT. Furthermore, the Arabian plate is characterized by the relatively thick lithosphere of about 130 km beneath the ZFTB reaching 150 km beneath the SSZ, where the thickest crust was also observed. This may imply that the shortening across the Zagros is accommodated by lithospheric thickening. In contrast, UDMA and Central Iran are recognized by the thin lithosphere of about 80– 85 km. This thin lithosphere may be associated with the asthenospheric upwelling caused by either lithospheric delamination or Neo-Tethys slab detachment beneath the Zagros collision zone.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 79
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    In:  Clean Energy Systems in the Subsurface: Production, Storage and Conversion ; Proceedings of the 3rd Sino-German Conference 'Underground Storage of CO2 and Energy', Goslar, Germany, 21-23 May 2013 | Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The large scale storage of energy is a great challenge arising from the planned transition from nuclear and CO2-emitting power generation to renewable energy production, by e.g. wind, solar, and biomass in Germany. The most promising option for storing large volumes of excess energy produced by such renewable sources is the usage of underground porous rock formations as energy reservoirs. Some new technologies are able to convert large amounts of electrical energy into a chemical form, for example into hydrogen by means of water electrolysis. Porous formations can potentially provide very high hydrogen storage capacities. Several methods have to be studied including high hydrogen diffusivity, the potential reactions of injected hydrogen, formation fluids, rock composition, and the storage complex. Therefore, in August 2012 the collaborative project H2STORE ("hydrogen to store") started to investigate the feasibility of using burial clastic sediments of depleted gas reservoirs as well as recently used gas storage sites as potential hydrogen storage media. In Germany, such geological structures occur at various geographic sites and different geological strata. These deposits are characterized by different geological-tectonic evolution and mineralogical composition, mainly depending on palaeogeographic position and diagenetic burial evolution. Resulting specific sedimentary structures and mineral parageneses will strongly control formation fluid pathways and associated fluid-rock/mineral reactions. Accordingly, H2STORE will analyze sedimentological, petrophysical, mineralogical/geochemical, hydrochemical, and microbiological features of the different geological strata and the German locations to evaluate potential fluid-rock reactions induced by hydrogen injection. Such potential reactions will be experimentally induced in laboratory runs, as analogues for naturally occurring processes in deep seated reservoirs. Finally, rock data determined before and after these experiments will be used as major input parameters for numerical modelling of mineralogical and microbiological reactions. Such reactions are expected to have a strong affect on rock porosity-permeability evolution and therefore the characteristics of flow processes in reservoir and the barrier properties of sealing rocks. The special topic of this study will be the modelling of hydrogen propagation in the subsurface reservoir formation supplemented by its mixing with the residual gases as well as the simulation of coupled bio-dynamic processes and of reactive transport in porous media. These numerical simulations will enable the transfer of experimental results from the laboratory runs to the field-scale and the formulation of the requirements for hydrogen storage in converted gas fields. Thus, the major objectives of H2STORE are to obtain fundamental data on the behaviour of clastic sediments in the presence of formation fluids and injected hydrogen, its impact on petrophysical features and the development of the most realistic modelling for proposed and experimentally induced rock alteration as well as complex gas mixing processes in potential geological hydrogen reservoirs. Moreover these results will be used when discussing the possibility of "green" eco-methane generation by hydrogen and carbon dioxide interaction in the geological underground.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Porosity and permeability of reservoirs are key parameters for an economical use of hydrogeothermal energy. Both may be significantly reduced by precipitation of minerals. The Allermöhe borehole near Hamburg (Germany) represents a case in which precipitation of anhydrite resulted in a failed reservoir development. We introduce a new numerical approach for better understanding of this, considering both the spatial variations of supersaturation on the pore scale and the pore space structure. Besides pore size this requires consideration of the effects of surface charge density on the fluid supersaturation in porous media and of the role of fluid flow velocity.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 81
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    In:  7th Trondheim CCS Conference (TCCS-7) (Trondheim, Norway 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In order to characterize the chemical reactivity and hence the mineralogical CO2 sequestration potential of carbonate minerals, laboratory fluidsiderite/ankerite CO2 exposure experiments have been performed. Experiments were conducted on a hydrothermal rocking autoclave system equipped with flexible Titanium cells allowing for isobaric and isothermal fluid sampling. Crushed siderite/ankerite separates have grain sizes between 100 and 200 μm. The minerals were reacted together with pure CO2 and 2 M NaCl brine at 80 °C and 20 or 30 MPa, respectively; run durations were one week. Approximately 120 ml NaCl brine and 5.5 g of powdered carbonate separate were filled into the Titanium cells to yield a brine to mineral weightratio of 20 to 1. Experiments were supersaturated with CO2 during entire run durations. Successive fluid samples were taken after several different time steps to determine time dependent dissolution behavior. Solid samples were recovered upon completion of each run and analyzed by XRD as well as SEM. Fluid sample compositions were determined by ICPAES.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Angular momentum forecasts for up to 10 days into the future, modeled from predicted states of the atmosphere, ocean and continental hydrosphere, are combined with the operational IERS EOP prediction bulletin A to reduce the prediction error in the very first day and to improve the subsequent 90-day prediction by exploitation of the revised initial state and trend information. EAM functions derived from ECMWF short-range forecasts and corresponding LSDM and OMCT simulations can account for high-frequency mass variations within the geophysical fluids for up to 7 days into the future primarily limited by the accuracy of the forecasted atmospheric wind fields. Including these wide-band stochastic signals into the first days of the 90-day statistical IERS predictions reduces the mean absolute prediction error even for predictions beyond day 10, especially for polar motion, where the presently used prediction approach does not include geophysical fluids data directly. In a hindcast experiment using 1 year of daily predictions from May 2011 till July 2012, the mean prediction error in polar motion, compared to bulletin A, is reduced by 32, 12, and 3 % for prediction days 10, 30, and 90, respectively. In average, the prediction error for medium-range forecasts (30–90 days) is reduced by 1.3–1.7 mas. Even for UT1-UTC, where AAM forecasts are already included in IERS bulletin A, we obtain slight improvements of up to 5 % (up to 0.5 ms) after day 10 due to the additional consideration of oceanic angular momentum forecasts. The improved 90-day predictions can be generated operationally on a daily basis directly after the publication of the related IERS bulletin A product finals2000A.daily.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 83
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    In:  Climate And Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Highlights from a priority program
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Numerous monitoring applications make use of seismic coda waves to evaluate velocity changes in the Earth. This raises the question of the spatial sensitivity of coda wave-based measurements. Here, we investigate the depth sensitivity of coda waves to local velocity perturbations using 2-D numerical wavefield simulations. We calculate the impulse response at the surface before and after a slight perturbation of the velocity within a thin layer at depth is introduced. We perform a parametric analysis of the observed apparent relative velocity changes, εobs, versus the depth of the thin perturbed layer. Through the analysis of the decay of εobs, we can discriminate two different regimes: one for a shallow perturbation and the other for a deep perturbation. We interpret the first regime as the footprint of the 1-D depth sensitivity of the fundamental surface wave mode. To interpret the second regime, we need to model the sensitivity of the multiply scattered body waves in the bulk. We show that the depth sensitivity of coda waves can be modelled as a combination of bulk wave sensitivity and surface wave sensitivity. The transition between these two regimes is governed by mode conversions due to scattering. We indicate the importance of surface waves for the sensitivity of coda waves at shallow depths and at early times in the coda. At later times, bulk waves clearly dominate the depth sensitivity and offer the possibility of monitoring changes at depths below the sensitivity of the surface waves. Based on the transition between the two regimes, we can discriminate a change that occurs at the surface from a change that occurs at depth. This is illustrated for shallow depth perturbations through an example from lunar data.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 86
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    In:  12th IAGA Scientific Assembly (Merida, Mexico 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The paleogeography of the Altaids and its kinematic and tectonic evolution during the final collision and amalgamation of Eurasia is still poorly known. Addressing this problem, a paleomagnetic study has been undertaken on Paleozoic sedimentary rocks from the Karatau, Southern Kazakhstan. Stepwise thermal demagnetization reveals the presence of a high-temperature component of magnetization in most samples. Fold tests indicate a syn-folding age of magnetic remanence acquisition at three of the five areas studied. Directional data of Devonian and Permian rocks yield a positive fold test, implying a primary magnetization. Resulting prefolding paleolatitudes for Permian and Devonian rocks show the proximity of the Karatau to Baltica during those times. Syn- and post-folding magnetizations result in paleolatitudes for Karatau, which intersect the paleolatitude curve based on the Baltica apparent polar wander path (APWP), at times, which can be correlated to major deformational events at ~280 Ma, ~260 Ma, and ~230 Ma, respectively. We interpret this with complicated pattern of remagnetization events accompanying deformation, which can include syn-folding remagnetization events and areas of primary magnetic signals. Additionally, the differences between reference declinations based on the APWP for Baltica and observed declinations suggest successive counterclockwise rotational reorganization of the Karatau during the late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic, with maximal rotation values of ~65° with respect to Baltica. The remagnetization events are correlated with latest intracontinental stages of orogenic evolution in the Ural mountains and thus the Paleozoic amalgamation of the Eurasian continent and suggest synchronous and coherent tectonic evolution in the Urals and Karatau mountains.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: On February 27, 2010, the Central Chilean margin ruptured over a length of _400 km in the Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake. The international seismological community responded quickly by organising the International Maule Aftershock Deployment (IMAD) consisting of more than 140 seismological stations from Chile, Germany, France, the USA and the UK. This land seismic network is complemented by 30 ocean bottom seismometers in the northern portion of the rupture, operating from September to December 2012. Similar efforts were carried out by the geodetic community, installing more than 65 cGPS stations and an even larger number of campaign sites. Last but not least surveys of coastal uplift and surface faulting provide constraints on the immediate coseismic response as well as on the longer term evolution of the margin. In the MARISCOS project (MAule eaRthquake: Integration of Seismic Cycle Observations and Structural investigations) seismological, geodetic and geological approaches are combined in order to link coseismic slip, the postseismic response, and the longer term properties of the margin. We have created a bulletin of over 16000 events with low epicentral uncertainties. Seismic activity occurs in 4 main groups: (1) Normal faulting outer rise events at depths between the surface and 30 km depth. (2) a dipping 70-80 wide band along the whole rupture zone, thin in cross-section. Most of the events in this band are consistent with plate interface seismicity, but a kink in cross-section suggests the existence of a splay fault forming the shallowest part. This band is separated from the trench by a 50 km aseismic zone and is approximately terminated by the coastline on the landward side (at least to the north of the main shock epicentre), likely corresponding to the plate interface-continental Moho intersection at depth. (3) elongated clusters of seismicity at 40-50 km depth and with plate interface focal mechanisms, which occur below the continental Moho. (4) Pronounced crustal seismicity, most prominently normal faulting seismicity with strike oblique to the trench occur at the northern limit of the rupture zone. The northern part of the rupture zone is imaged with local earthquake tomography and shows elevated vp/vs values (_1.85) in the western part of the intense crustal seismicity. Further seismicity occurs at intermediate depth range (80-120 km) and shallowly in the volcanic arc. Improved models of coseismic and postseismic slip were computed based on the high density geodetic data and with a realistic plate geometry and elasticity structure. The postseismic response over the first 420 days is characterised by elongated patches of afterslip downdip of the coseismic slip in the rupture zone north of the hypocentre, which spatially largely coincides with the main plate interface seismicity (group 2). The equivalent moment of the afterslip is much larger than the cumulative seismic moment of the aftershocks, but although there is a close temporal correspondence in the decay of afterslip and seismicity, the slip of some aftershocks might be larger than the cumulative afterslip. A deeper patch of afterslip to the south of the coseismic slip is not associated with significant seismicity. Based on the detailed aftershock locations, we have implemented dynamic station corrections for backprojection of the main shock using stations in the US, Antarctica, and Africa. Using this calibration we are able to image coherent energy at frequencies above 2-4 Hz. Similar to other investigators we find that higher frequency energy release is found downdip of the lower frequency release and geodetic slip, but contrary to some published work we locate the HF release for the northern part of this rupture near the downdip end of the main aftershock zone (group 2), updip of the deep band (group 3) for rupture times 〉 50 s. Before 50 s, we find rupture further downdip nearer group 3 seismicity at the deepest part of seismogenic plate interface. Taken together, these results indicate that rather than being either velocity weakening (unstable, Seismogenic) or velocity strengthening (stable, creeping), the plate interface over large areas can switch between both modes of frictional behaviour and is maybe over large areas in a conditionally stable regime, where fluid diffusion can control the variable behaviour.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 97
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    In:  Sedimentary Basins Jena 2013 - Research, Modelling, Exploration (Jena, Germany 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Upward brine migration along a potentially open fault as a result of underground utilization could endanger freshwater-bearing horizons. The present study aimed the investigation of pressure elevation and brine displacement for a prospective storage located in the Northeast German Basin using multi-phase flow simulations.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have been reported to be losing mass at accelerating rates1, 2. If sustained, this accelerating mass loss will result in a global mean sea-level rise by the year 2100 that is approximately 43 cm greater than if a linear trend is assumed2. However, at present there is no scientific consensus on whether these reported accelerations result from variability inherent to the ice-sheet–climate system, or reflect long-term changes and thus permit extrapolation to the future3. Here we compare mass loss trends and accelerations in satellite data collected between January 2003 and September 2012 from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment to long-term mass balance time series from a regional surface mass balance model forced by re-analysis data. We find that the record length of spaceborne gravity observations is too short at present to meaningfully separate long-term accelerations from short-term ice sheet variability. We also find that the detection threshold of mass loss acceleration depends on record length: to detect an acceleration at an accuracy within ±10 Gt yr−2, a period of 10 years or more of observations is required for Antarctica and about 20 years for Greenland. Therefore, climate variability adds uncertainty to extrapolations of future mass loss and sea-level rise, underscoring the need for continuous long-term satellite monitoring.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    In:  12th IAGA Scientific Assembly (Merida, Mexico 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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