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  • Binding Sites  (116)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (116)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (68)
  • 1990-1994  (48)
  • 1995  (68)
  • 1991  (48)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (116)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Oxford University Press
Years
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (68)
  • 1990-1994  (48)
Year
  • 1
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    Crystal structure of DCoH, a bifunctional, protein-binding transcriptional coactivator (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: DCoH, the dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1, stimulates gene expression by associating with specific DNA binding proteins and also catalyzes the dehydration of the biopterin cofactor of phenylalanine hydroxylase. The x-ray crystal structure determined at 3 angstrom resolution reveals that DCoH forms a tetramer containing two saddle-shaped grooves that comprise likely macromolecule binding sites. Two equivalent enzyme active sites flank each saddle, suggesting that there is a spatial connection between the catalytic and binding activities. Structural similarities between the DCoH fold and nucleic acid-binding proteins argue that the saddle motif has evolved to bind diverse ligands or that DCoH unexpectedly may bind nucleic acids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Endrizzi, J A -- Cronk, J D -- Wang, W -- Crabtree, G R -- Alber, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):556-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3206, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hydro-Lyases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Structure of a hyperthermophilic tungstopterin enzyme, aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-10
    Description: The crystal structure of the tungsten-containing aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR) from Pyrococcus furiosus, a hyperthermophilic archaeon (formerly archaebacterium) that grows optimally at 100 degrees C, has been determined at 2.3 angstrom resolution by means of multiple isomorphous replacement and multiple crystal form averaging. AOR consists of two identical subunits, each containing an Fe4S4 cluster and a molybdopterin-based tungsten cofactor that is analogous to the molybdenum cofactor found in a large class of oxotransferases. Whereas the general features of the tungsten coordination in this cofactor were consistent with a previously proposed structure, each AOR subunit unexpectedly contained two molybdopterin molecules that coordinate a tungsten by a total of four sulfur ligands, and the pterin system was modified by an intramolecular cyclization that generated a three-ringed structure. In comparison to other proteins, the hyperthermophilic enzyme AOR has a relatively small solvent-exposed surface area, and a relatively large number of both ion pairs and buried atoms. These properties may contribute to the extreme thermostability of this enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, M K -- Mukund, S -- Kletzin, A -- Adams, M W -- Rees, D C -- 1F32 GM15006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM50775/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 10;267(5203):1463-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7878465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaea/*enzymology ; Binding Sites ; *Coenzymes ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Stability ; Ferrous Compounds ; Metalloproteins/analysis/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organometallic Compounds/analysis/*chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Pteridines/analysis/chemistry ; Pterins/analysis/*chemistry ; Surface Properties ; Temperature ; Tungsten/analysis/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Molecular mimicry in protein synthesis? (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, P B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1453-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 05620-8107, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7491488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; GTP Phosphohydrolase-Linked Elongation Factors/metabolism ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; *Molecular Mimicry ; Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational ; Peptide Elongation Factor G ; Peptide Elongation Factor Tu/*chemistry/metabolism ; Peptide Elongation Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    Crystal structure of a purple acid phosphatase containing a dinuclear Fe(III)-Zn(II) active site (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-09
    Description: Kidney bean purple acid phosphatase (KBPAP) is an Fe(III)-Zn(II) metalloenzyme resembling the mammalian Fe(III)-Fe(II) purple acid phosphatases. The structure of the homodimeric 111-kilodalton KBPAP was determined at a resolution of 2.9 angstroms. The enzyme contains two domains in each subunit. The active site is located in the carboxyl-terminal domain at the carboxy end of two sandwiched beta alpha beta alpha beta motifs. The two metal ions are 3.1 angstroms apart and bridged monodentately by Asp164. The iron is further coordinated by Tyr167, His325, and Asp135, and the zinc by His286, His323, and Asn201. The active-site structure is consistent with previous proposals regarding the mechanism of phosphate ester hydrolysis involving nucleophilic attack on the phosphate group by an Fe(III)-coordinated hydroxide ion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strater, N -- Klabunde, T -- Tucker, P -- Witzel, H -- Krebs, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 9;268(5216):1489-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universitat Munster, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7770774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acid Phosphatase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fabaceae/enzymology ; Ferric Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Plants, Medicinal ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Zinc/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
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    Minor groove recognition of the conserved G.U pair at the Tetrahymena ribozyme reaction site (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: The guanine-uracil (G.U) base pair that helps to define the 5'-splice site of group I introns is phylogenetically highly conserved. In such a wobble base pair, G makes two hydrogen bonds with U in a geometry shifted from that of a canonical Watson-Crick pair. The contribution made by individual functional groups of the G.U pair in the context of the Tetrahymena ribozyme was examined by replacement of the G.U pair with synthetic base pairs that maintain a wobble configuration, but that systematically alter functional groups in the major and minor grooves of the duplex. The substitutions demonstrate that the exocyclic amine of G, when presented on the minor groove surface by the wobble base pair conformation, contributes substantially (2 kilocalories.mole-1) to binding by making a tertiary interaction with the ribozyme active site. It contributes additionally to transition state stabilization. The ribozyme active site also makes tertiary contacts with a tripod of 2'-hydroxyls on the minor groove surface of the splice site helix. This suggests that the ribozyme binds the duplex primarily in the minor groove. The alanyl aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase recognizes the exocyclic amine of an invariant G.U pair and contacts a similar array of 2'-hydroxyls when binding the tRNA(Ala) acceptor stem, providing an unanticipated parallel between protein-RNA and RNA-RNA interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strobel, S A -- Cech, T R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):675-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Exons ; Guanine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Guanosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligoribonucleotides/*metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Tetrahymena/enzymology ; Uracil/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 6
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    Regulatory subunit of protein kinase A: structure of deletion mutant with cAMP binding domains (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: In the molecular scheme of living organisms, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP or cAMP) has been a universal second messenger. In eukaryotic cells, the primary receptors for cAMP are the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The crystal structure of a 1-91 deletion mutant of the type I alpha regulatory subunit was refined to 2.8 A resolution. Each of the two tandem cAMP binding domains provides an extensive network of hydrogen bonds that buries the cyclic phosphate and the ribose between two beta strands that are linked by a short alpha helix. Each adenine base stacks against an aromatic ring that lies outside the beta barrel. This structure provides a molecular basis for understanding how cAMP binds cooperatively to its receptor protein, thus mediating activation of the kinase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Y -- Dostmann, W R -- Herberg, F W -- Durick, K -- Xuong, N H -- Ten Eyck, L -- Taylor, S S -- Varughese, K I -- GM07313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM34921/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR01644/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):807-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0654, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Affinity Labels ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*chemistry ; Enzyme Activation ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 7
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    Crystal structure of Pseudomonas mevalonii HMG-CoA reductase at 3.0 angstrom resolution (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: The rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis in mammals is catalyzed by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a four-electron oxidoreductase that converts HMG-CoA to mevalonate. The crystal structure of HMG-CoA reductase from Pseudomonas mevalonii was determined at 3.0 angstrom resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement. The structure reveals a tightly bound dimer that brings together at the subunit interface the conserved residues implicated in substrate binding and catalysis. These dimers are packed about a threefold crystallographic axis, forming a hexamer with 23 point group symmetry. Difference Fourier studies reveal the binding sites for the substrates HMG-CoA and reduced or oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD(H)] and demonstrate that the active sites are at the dimer interfaces. The HMG-CoA is bound by a domain with an unusual fold, consisting of a central alpha helix surrounded by a triangular set of walls of beta sheets and alpha helices. The NAD(H) is bound by a domain characterized by an antiparallel beta structure that defines a class of dinucleotide-binding domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrence, C M -- Rodwell, V W -- Stauffacher, C V -- AI 127713/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL 47113/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1758-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fourier Analysis ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Pseudomonas/*enzymology
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  • 8
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    Binding of CO to myoglobin from a heme pocket docking site to form nearly linear Fe-C-O (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: The relative orientations of carbon monoxide (CO) bound to and photodissociated from myoglobin in solution have been determined with time-resolved infrared polarization spectroscopy. The bound CO is oriented 〈 or = 7 degrees from the heme normal, corresponding to nearly linear FE-C-O. Upon dissociation from the Fe, CO becomes trapped in a docking site that orientationally constrains it to lie approximately in the plane of the heme. Because the bound and "docked" CO are oriented in nearly orthogonal directions CO binding from the docking site is suppressed. These solutions results help to establish how myoglobin discriminates against CO, a controversial issue dominated by the misconception that Fe-C-O is bent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, M -- Jackson, T A -- Anfinrud, P A -- DK45306/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):962-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbon Monoxide/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Ligands ; Light ; Myoglobin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Oxygen/chemistry/metabolism ; Photolysis ; Protein Conformation ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Temperature
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  • 9
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    Functions of the proteasome: the lysis at the end of the tunnel (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):522-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeal Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Thermoplasma/enzymology ; Ubiquitins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Structures of metal sites of oxidized bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase at 2.8 A (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-25
    Description: The high resolution three-dimensional x-ray structure of the metal sites of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase is reported. Cytochrome c oxidase is the largest membrane protein yet crystallized and analyzed at atomic resolution. Electron density distribution of the oxidized bovine cytochrome c oxidase at 2.8 A resolution indicates a dinuclear copper center with an unexpected structure similar to a [2Fe-2S]-type iron-sulfur center. Previously predicted zinc and magnesium sites have been located, the former bound by a nuclear encoded subunit on the matrix side of the membrane, and the latter situated between heme a3 and CuA, at the interface of subunits I and II. The O2 binding site contains heme a3 iron and copper atoms (CuB) with an interatomic distance of 4.5 A; there is no detectable bridging ligand between iron and copper atoms in spite of a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between them. A hydrogen bond is present between a hydroxyl group of the hydroxyfarnesylethyl side chain of heme a3 and an OH of a tyrosine. The tyrosine phenol plane is immediately adjacent and perpendicular to an imidazole group bonded to CuB, suggesting a possible role in intramolecular electron transfer or conformational control, the latter of which could induce the redox-coupled proton pumping. A phenyl group located halfway between a pyrrole plane of the heme a3 and an imidazole plane liganded to the other heme (heme a) could also influence electron transfer or conformational control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsukihara, T -- Aoyama, H -- Yamashita, E -- Tomizaki, T -- Yamaguchi, H -- Shinzawa-Itoh, K -- Nakashima, R -- Yaono, R -- Yoshikawa, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 25;269(5227):1069-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cattle ; Copper/*analysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Transport ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*chemistry/metabolism ; Fourier Analysis ; Heme/*analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Magnesium/*analysis ; Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton Pumps ; Zinc/*analysis
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  • 11
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    FGF binding and FGF receptor activation by synthetic heparan-derived di- and trisaccharides (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) require a polysaccharide cofactor, heparin or heparan sulfate (HS), for receptor binding and activation. To probe the molecular mechanism by which heparin or HS (heparin/HS) activates FGF, small nonsulfated oligosaccharides found within heparin/HS were assayed for activity. These synthetic and isomerically pure compounds can activate the FGF signaling pathway. The crystal structures of complexes between FGF and these heparin/HS oligosaccharides reveal several binding sites on FGF and constrain possible mechanisms by which heparin/HS can activate the FGF receptor. These studies establish a framework for the molecular design of compounds capable of modulating FGF activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ornitz, D M -- Herr, A B -- Nilsson, M -- Westman, J -- Svahn, C M -- Waksman, G -- CA60673/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):432-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7536345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Cell Line ; Crystallization ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/chemistry/*metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/*metabolism ; Heparin/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Heparitin Sulfate/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 12
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    Crystal structure of the mammalian Grb2 adaptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-14
    Description: The mammalian growth factor receptor-binding protein Grb2 is an adaptor that mediates activation of guanine nucleotide exchange on Ras. Grb2 binds to the receptor through its SH2 domain and to the carboxyl-terminal domain of Son of sevenless through its two SH3 domains. It is thus a key element in the signal transduction pathway. The crystal structure of Grb2 was determined to 3.1 angstrom resolution. The asymmetric unit is composed of an embedded dimer. The interlaced junctions between the SH2 and SH3 domains bring the two adjacent faces of the SH3 domains in van der Waals contact but leave room for the binding of proline-rich peptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maignan, S -- Guilloteau, J P -- Fromage, N -- Arnoux, B -- Becquart, J -- Ducruix, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):291-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale, Unite Mixte de Recherche CNRS-Universite de Paris-Sud, Gif sur Yvette, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; GRB2 Adaptor Protein ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism
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  • 13
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    Identification of bases in 16S rRNA essential for tRNA binding at the 30S ribosomal P site (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-13
    Description: Previous studies suggest that the mechanism of action of the ribosome in translation involves crucial transfer RNA (tRNA)-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) interactions. Here, a selection scheme was developed to identify bases in 16S rRNA that are essential for tRNA binding to the P site of the small (30S) ribosomal subunit. Modification of the N-1 and N-2 positions of 2-methylguanine 966 and of the N-7 position of guanine 1401 interfered with messenger RNA (mRNA)-dependent binding of tRNA to the P site. Modification of the same positions as well as of the N-1 and N-2 positions of guanine 926 interfered with mRNA-independent binding of tRNA at high magnesium ion concentration. These results suggest that these three bases are involved in intermolecular contacts between ribosomes and tRNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Ahsen, U -- Noller, H F -- GM17129/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 13;267(5195):234-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7528943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehydes/pharmacology ; Base Composition ; Binding Sites ; CME-Carbodiimide/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Codon ; Guanine/chemistry ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Leu/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Phe/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/*metabolism ; Sulfides/pharmacology
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  • 14
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    Metal-carbon bonds in nature (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovacs, J A -- Shoner, S C -- Ellison, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 27;270(5236):587-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7570015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carbon/chemistry ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Electrons ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Metalloproteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Multienzyme Complexes ; Nickel/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction
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  • 15
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    Nicotine enhancement of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in CNS by presynaptic receptors (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-22
    Description: The behavioral and cognitive effects of nicotine suggest that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) participate in central nervous system (CNS) function. Although nAChR subunit messenger RNA (mRNA) and nicotine binding sites are common in the brain, there is little evidence for synapses mediated by nAChRs in the CNS. To test whether, CNS nAChRs might modify rather than mediate transmission, the regulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by these receptors was examined. Nanomolar concentrations of nicotine enhanced both glutamatergic and cholinergic synaptic transmission by activation of presynaptic nAChRs that increased presynaptic [Ca2]i. Pharmacological and subunit deletion experiments reveal that these presynaptic nAChRs include the alpha 7 subunit. These findings reveal that CNS nAChRs enhance fast excitatory transmission, providing a likely mechanism for the complex behavioral effects of nicotine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGehee, D S -- Heath, M J -- Gelber, S -- Devay, P -- Role, L W -- NS09395/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS22061/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 22;269(5231):1692-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Bungarotoxins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium/physiology ; Chick Embryo ; Culture Techniques ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/drug effects/physiology ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nicotine/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Nicotinic Agonists/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Presynaptic Terminals/chemistry/drug effects/*physiology ; Receptors, Nicotinic/analysis/*physiology ; Synapses/drug effects/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects ; Thalamic Nuclei/drug effects/physiology
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  • 16
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    Reactive immunization (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: For almost 200 years inert antigens have been used for initiating the process of immunization. A procedure is now described in which the antigen used is so highly reactive that a chemical reaction occurs in the antibody combining site during immunization. An organophosphorus diester hapten was used to illustrate this concept coined "reactive immunization." The organophosphonate recruited chemical potential from the immune response that resembled the way these compounds recruit the catalytic power of the serine hydrolases. During this recruitment, a large proportion of the isolated antibodies catalyzed the formation and cleavage of phosphonylated intermediates and subsequent ester hydrolysis. Reactive immunization can augment traditional immunization and enhance the scope of catalytic antibody chemistry. Among the compounds anticipated to be effective are those that contain appropriate reactive functionalities or those that are latently reactive, as in the mechanism-based inhibitors of enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wirsching, P -- Ashley, J A -- Lo, C H -- Janda, K D -- Lerner, R A -- DA08590/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM48351/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA27489-16/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1775-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Catalytic/*chemistry/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/immunology ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cattle ; Esters/chemistry/immunology ; Haptens/chemistry/immunology ; Immunization/*methods ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Organophosphonates/chemistry/*immunology ; Thermodynamics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    From the cradle to the grave: ring complexes in the life of a protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weissman, J S -- Sigler, P B -- Horwich, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):523-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Chaperonin 60/*chemistry/metabolism ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Endopeptidases ; Multienzyme Complexes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Folding ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Thermoplasma/enzymology ; Ubiquitins/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Crystal structure of the biphenyl-cleaving extradiol dioxygenase from a PCB-degrading pseudomonad (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) typify a class of stable aromatic pollutants that are targeted by bioremediation strategies. In the aerobic degradation of biphenyl by bacteria, the key step of ring cleavage is catalyzed by an Fe(II)-dependent extradiol dioxygenase. The crystal structure of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase from a PCB-degrading strain of Pseudomonas cepacia has been determined at 1.9 angstrom resolution. The monomer comprises amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains. Structural homology between and within the domains reveals evolutionary relationships within the extradiol dioxygenase family. The iron atom has five ligands in square pyramidal geometry: one glutamate and two histidine side chains, and two water molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, S -- Eltis, L D -- Timmis, K N -- Muchmore, S W -- Bolin, J T -- GM 52831/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):976-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1392, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Dioxygenases ; Evolution, Molecular ; Ferrous Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxygen/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxygenases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Pseudomonas/*enzymology ; Sequence Alignment
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  • 19
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    Excision of deoxyribose phosphate residues by DNA polymerase beta during DNA repair (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-04
    Description: Eukaryotic DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) can catalyze DNA synthesis during base excision DNA repair. It is shown here that pol beta also catalyzes release of 5'-terminal deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) residues from incised apurinic-apyrimidinic sites, which are common intermediate products in base excision repair. The catalytic domain for this activity resides within an amino-terminal 8-kilodalton fragment of pol beta, which comprises a distinct structural domain of the enzyme. Magnesium is required for the release of dRP from double-stranded DNA but not from a single-stranded oligonucleotide. Analysis of the released products indicates that the excision reaction occurs by beta-elimination rather than hydrolysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsumoto, Y -- Kim, K -- CA06927/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA63154/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 4;269(5224):699-702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apurinic Acid ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Ligases/metabolism ; DNA Polymerase I/*metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase ; Deoxyribonuclease IV (Phage T4-Induced) ; Edetic Acid/pharmacology ; Hydrolysis ; Lyases/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polynucleotides ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Ribosemonophosphates/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 20
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    Structure-based design of transcription factors (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-06
    Description: Computer modeling suggested that transcription factors with novel sequence specificities could be designed by combining known DNA binding domains. This structure-based strategy was tested by construction of a fusion protein, ZFHD1, that contained zinc fingers 1 and 2 from Zif268, a short polypeptide linker, and the homeodomain from Oct-1. The fusion protein bound optimally to a sequence containing adjacent homeodomain (TAATTA) and zinc finger (NGGGNG) subsites. When fused to an activation domain, ZFHD1 regulated promoter activity in vivo in a sequence-specific manner. Analysis of known protein-DNA complexes suggests that many other DNA binding proteins could be designed in a similar fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pomerantz, J L -- Sharp, P A -- Pabo, C O -- P01-CA42063/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 6;267(5194):93-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computer Simulation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry ; Host Cell Factor C1 ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Octamer Transcription Factor-1 ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Engineering ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; *Zinc Fingers
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  • 21
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    Conformation and function of the N-linked glycan in the adhesion domain of human CD2 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: The adhesion domain of human CD2 bears a single N-linked carbohydrate. The solution structure of a fragment of CD2 containing the covalently bound high-mannose N-glycan [-(N-acetylglucosamine)2-(mannose)5-8] was solved by nuclear magnetic resonance. The stem and two of three branches of the carbohydrate structure are well defined and the mobility of proximal glycan residues is restricted. Mutagenesis of all residues in the vicinity of the glycan suggests that the glycan is not a component of the CD2-CD58 interface; rather, the carbohydrate stabilizes the protein fold by counterbalancing an unfavorable clustering of five positive charges centered about lysine-61 of CD2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyss, D F -- Choi, J S -- Li, J -- Knoppers, M H -- Willis, K J -- Arulanandam, A R -- Smolyar, A -- Reinherz, E L -- Wagner, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1273-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylglucosamine/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, CD2/*chemistry/metabolism ; Antigens, CD58 ; Binding Sites ; CHO Cells ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Cell Adhesion ; Cricetinae ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oligosaccharides/*chemistry ; *Protein Conformation
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  • 22
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    Similarity of sli-1, a regulator of vulval development in C. elegans, to the mammalian proto-oncogene c-cbl (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-25
    Description: Vulval induction during Caenorhabditis elegans development is mediated by LET-23, a homolog of the mammalian epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. The sli-1 gene is a negative regulator of LET-23 and is shown here to encode a protein similar to c-Cbl, a mammalian proto-oncoprotein. SLI-1 and c-Cbl share approximately 55 percent amino acid identity over a stretch of 390 residues, which includes a C3HC4 zinc-binding motif known as the RING finger, and multiple consensus binding sites for Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. SLI-1 and c-Cbl may define a new class of proteins that modify receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoon, C H -- Lee, J -- Jongeward, G D -- Sternberg, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 25;269(5227):1102-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/growth & development ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Helminth ; *Genes, Regulator ; Helminth Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Vulva/growth & development
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  • 23
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    Tertiary and quaternary structural changes in Gi alpha 1 induced by GTP hydrolysis (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: Crystallographic analysis of 2.2 angstrom resolution shows that guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis triggers conformational changes in the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit, Gi alpha 1. The switch II and switch III segments become disordered, and linker II connecting the Ras and alpha helical domains moves, thus altering the structures of potential effector and beta gamma binding regions. Contacts between the alpha-helical and Ras domains are weakened, possibly facilitating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The amino and carboxyl termini, which contain receptor and beta gamma binding determinants, are disordered in the complex with GTP, but are organized into a compact microdomain on GDP hydrolysis. The amino terminus also forms extensive quaternary contacts with neighboring alpha subunits in the lattice, suggesting that multimers of alpha subunits or heterotrimers may play a role in signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mixon, M B -- Lee, E -- Coleman, D E -- Berghuis, A M -- Gilman, A G -- Sprang, S R -- DK 46371/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM34497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):954-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism ; Guanosine Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrolysis ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 24
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    A functionally diverse enzyme superfamily that abstracts the alpha protons of carboxylic acids (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-02-24
    Description: Mandelate racemase and muconate lactonizing enzyme are structurally homologous but catalyze different reactions, each initiated by proton abstraction from carbon. The structural similarity to mandelate racemase of a previously unidentified gene product was used to deduce its function as a galactonate dehydratase. In this enzyme superfamily that has evolved to catalyze proton abstraction from carbon, three variations of homologous active site architectures are now represented: lysine and histidine bases in the active site of mandelate racemase, only a lysine base in the active site of muconate lactonizing enzyme, and only a histidine base in the active site of galactonate dehydratase. This discovery supports the hypothesis that new enzymatic activities evolve by recruitment of a protein catalyzing the same type of chemical reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Babbitt, P C -- Mrachko, G T -- Hasson, M S -- Huisman, G W -- Kolter, R -- Ringe, D -- Petsko, G A -- Kenyon, G L -- Gerlt, J A -- GM-34572/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-40570/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 24;267(5201):1159-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7855594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Histidine/metabolism ; Hydro-Lyases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Intramolecular Lyases ; Isomerases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Operon ; *Protons ; Pseudomonas putida/*enzymology/genetics ; Racemases and Epimerases/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 25
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    Association of protein kinase A and protein phosphatase 2B with a common anchoring protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-06
    Description: Specificity of protein kinases and phosphatases may be achieved through compartmentalization with preferred substrates. In neurons, adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is localized at postsynaptic densities by association of its regulatory subunit with an A kinase anchor protein, AKAP79. Interaction cloning experiments demonstrated that AKAP79 also binds protein phosphatase 2B, or calcineurin (CaN). A ternary complex of PKA, AKAP, and CaN was isolated from bovine brain, and colocalization of the kinase and the phosphatase was established in neurites of cultured hippocampal neurons. The putative CaN-binding domain of AKAP79 is similar to that of the immunophilin FKBP-12, and AKAP79 inhibited CaN phosphatase activity. These results suggest that both PKA and CaN are targeted to subcellular sites by association with a common anchor protein and thereby regulate the phosphorylation state of key neuronal substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coghlan, V M -- Perrino, B A -- Howard, M -- Langeberg, L K -- Hicks, J B -- Gallatin, W M -- Scott, J D -- DK09059/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM48231/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 6;267(5194):108-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7528941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: A Kinase Anchor Proteins ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; *Brain Chemistry ; Calcineurin ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/analysis/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/analysis ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/analysis/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurites/chemistry ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/analysis/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Tacrolimus/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    At last--the crystal structure of urease (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lippard, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):996-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; Urease/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 27
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    Structure of Bam HI endonuclease bound to DNA: partial folding and unfolding on DNA binding (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-04
    Description: The crystal structure of restriction endonuclease Bam HI complexed to DNA has been determined at 2.2 angstrom resolution. The DNA binds in the cleft and retains a B-DNA type of conformation. The enzyme, however, undergoes a series of conformational changes, including rotation of subunits and folding of disordered regions. The most striking conformational change is the unraveling of carboxyl-terminal alpha helices to form partially disordered "arms." The arm from one subunit fits into the minor groove while the arm from the symmetry related subunit follows the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone. Recognition of DNA base pairs occurs primarily in the major groove, with a few interactions occurring in the minor groove. Tightly bound water molecules play an equally important role as side chain and main chain atoms in the recognition of base pairs. The complex also provides new insights into the mechanism by which the enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of DNA phosphodiester groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newman, M -- Strzelecka, T -- Dorner, L F -- Schildkraut, I -- Aggarwal, A K -- GM-44006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 4;269(5224):656-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease BamHI/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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  • 28
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    Solution structure of the epithelial cadherin domain responsible for selective cell adhesion (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-20
    Description: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules containing extracellular repeats of approximately 110 amino acids. The three-dimensional structure of the amino-terminal repeat of mouse epithelial cadherin was determined by multidimensional heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The calcium ion was bound by a short alpha helix and by loops at one end of the seven-stranded beta-barrel structure. An exposed concave face is in a position to provide homophilic binding specificity and was also sensitive to calcium ligation. Unexpected structural similarities with the immunoglobulin fold suggest an evolutionary relation between calcium-dependent and calcium-independent cell adhesion molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Overduin, M -- Harvey, T S -- Bagby, S -- Tong, K I -- Yau, P -- Takeichi, M -- Ikura, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 20;267(5196):386-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD2/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Cadherins/*chemistry/metabolism/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Cell Adhesion ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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  • 29
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    Self-release of CLIP in peptide loading of HLA-DR molecules (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: The assembly and transport of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules require interaction with the invariant chain. A fragment of the invariant chain, CLIP, occupies the peptide-binding groove of the class II molecule. At endosomal pH, the binding of CLIP to human MHC class II HLA-DR molecules was counteracted by its amino-terminal segment (residues 81 to 89), which facilitated rapid release. The CLIP (81-89) fragment also catalyzed the release of CLIP(90-105) and a subset of other self-peptides, probably by transient interaction with an effector site outside the groove. Thus, CLIP may facilitate peptide loading through an allosteric release mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kropshofer, H -- Vogt, A B -- Stern, L J -- Hammerling, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1357-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; HLA-DR3 Antigen/*metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lysine/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Proline/chemistry ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The crystal structure of urease from Klebsiella aerogenes (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: The crystal structure of urease from Klebsiella aerogenes has been determined at 2.2 A resolution and refined to an R factor of 18.2 percent. The enzyme contains four structural domains: three with novel folds playing structural roles, and an (alpha beta)8 barrel domain, which contains the bi-nickel center. The two active site nickels are 3.5 A apart. One nickel ion is coordinated by three ligands (with low occupancy of a fourth ligand) and the second is coordinated by five ligands. A carbamylated lysine provides an oxygen ligand to each nickel, explaining why carbon dioxide is required for the activation of urease apoenzyme. The structure is compatible with a catalytic mechanism whereby urea ligates Ni-1 to complete its tetrahedral coordination and a hydroxide ligand of Ni-2 attacks the carbonyl carbon. A surprisingly high structural similarity between the urease catalytic domain and that of the zinc-dependent adenosine deaminase reveals a remarkable example of active site divergence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jabri, E -- Carr, M B -- Hausinger, R P -- Karplus, P A -- 5T32-GM08384-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):998-1004.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Biopolymers ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/*enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Nickel/analysis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Urease/*chemistry/metabolism
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    DNA template and activator-coactivator requirements for transcriptional synergism by Drosophila bicoid (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: The template and coactivator requirements for synergistic transcription directed by a single activator, Bicoid (BCD), bound to multiple sites have been determined. Mutagenesis studies in combination with protein binding experiments and reconstituted transcription reactions identified two independent activation domains of BCD that target different coactivator subunits (TAFII110 and TAFII60) of the basal transcription factor IID (TFIID). The presence of both coactivators is required for BCD to recruit the TATA binding protein (TBP)-TAF complex to the promoter and direct synergistic activation of transcription. Thus, contact between multiple activation domains of BCD and different targets within the TFIID complex can mediate transcriptional synergism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sauer, F -- Hansen, S K -- Tjian, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1825-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila/*genetics/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Escherichia coli ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Insect Hormones/genetics/*metabolism ; Juvenile Hormones/genetics/metabolism ; Mutagenesis ; Peptide Fragments/genetics/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; TATA-Box Binding Protein ; Templates, Genetic ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    DNA topoisomerase and recombinase activities in Nae I restriction endonuclease (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-03-24
    Description: Nae I endonuclease must bind to two DNA sequences for cleavage. Examination of the amino acid sequence of Nae I uncovered similarity to the active site of human DNA ligase I, except for leucine 43 in Nae I instead of the lysine essential for ligase activity. Changing leucine 43 to lysine 43 (L43K) changed Nae I activity: Nae I-L43K relaxed supercoiled DNA to yield DNA topoisomers and recombined DNA to give dimeric molecules. Interruption of the reactions of Nae I and Nae I-L43K with DNA demonstrated transient protein-DNA covalent complexes. These findings imply coupled endonuclease and ligase domains and link Nae I endonuclease to the topoisomerase and recombinase protein families.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jo, K -- Topal, M D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 24;267(5205):1817-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill 27599.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/*metabolism ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/*metabolism ; DNA, Circular/metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Integrases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Recombinases ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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    Nonspecific DNA bending and the specificity of protein-DNA interactions (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schepartz, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):989-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; DNA/*chemistry ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Thermodynamics ; Viral Proteins ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
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    Biochemistry. New angle for classic tale of respiratory protein and oxygen (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):921-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbon Monoxide/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Heme/metabolism ; Myoglobin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Water/metabolism
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  • 35
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    Repositioning of a domain in a modular polyketide synthase to promote specific chain cleavage (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-09
    Description: Macrocyclic polyketides exhibit an impressive range of medically useful activities, and there is great interest in manipulating the genes that govern their synthesis. The 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) of Saccharopolyspora erythraea, which synthesizes the aglycone core of the antibiotic erythromycin A, has been modified by repositioning of a chain-terminating cyclase domain to the carboxyl-terminus of DEBS1, the multienzyme that catalyzes the first two rounds of polyketide chain extension. The resulting mutant markedly accelerates formation of the predicted triketide lactone, compared to a control in which the repositioned domain is inactive. Repositioning of the cyclase should be generally useful for redirecting polyketide synthesis to obtain polyketides of specified chain lengths.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cortes, J -- Wiesmann, K E -- Roberts, G A -- Brown, M J -- Staunton, J -- Leadlay, P F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 9;268(5216):1487-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cambridge Centre for Molecular Recognition, University of Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7770773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; Erythromycin/biosynthesis ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Vectors ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Protein Engineering ; Saccharopolyspora/*enzymology/genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Recruitment and activation of PTP1C in negative regulation of antigen receptor signaling by Fc gamma RIIB1 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-04-14
    Description: Coligation of the Fc receptor on B cells, Fc gamma RIIB1, with the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) leads to abortive BCR signaling. Here it was shown that the Fc gamma RIIB1 recruits the phosphotyrosine phosphatase PTP1C after BCR coligation. This association is mediated by the binding of a 13-amino acid tyrosine-phosphorylated sequence to the carboxyl-terminal Src homology 2 domain of PTP1C and activates PTP1C. Inhibitory signaling and PTP1C recruitment are dependent on the presence of the tyrosine within the 13-amino acid sequence. Inhibitory signaling mediated by Fc gamma RIIB1 is deficient in motheaten mice which do not express functional PTP1C. Thus, PTP1C is an effector of BCR-Fc gamma RIIB1 negative signal cooperativity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Ambrosio, D -- Hippen, K L -- Minskoff, S A -- Mellman, I -- Pani, G -- Siminovitch, K A -- Cambier, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):293-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; *Antigens, CD ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*metabolism ; Receptors, IgG/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Unity in transposition reactions (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Craig, N L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 13;270(5234):253-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacteriophage mu/*genetics/physiology ; Binding Sites ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Repair ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Viral/metabolism ; Endodeoxyribonucleases/chemistry/metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Integrases ; Nucleotidyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Retroviridae/*genetics/physiology ; Ribonuclease H/chemistry/metabolism ; Transposases ; Virus Integration ; Virus Replication
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  • 38
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    Sulfite reductase structure at 1.6 A: evolution and catalysis for reduction of inorganic anions (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: Fundamental chemical transformations for biogeochemical cycling of sulfur and nitrogen are catalyzed by sulfite and nitrite reductases. The crystallographic structure of Escherichia coli sulfite reductase hemoprotein (SiRHP), which catalyzes the concerted six-electron reductions of sulfite to sulfide and nitrite to ammonia, was solved with multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) of the native siroheme and Fe4S4 cluster cofactors, multiple isomorphous replacement, and selenomethionine sequence markers. Twofold symmetry within the 64-kilodalton polypeptide generates a distinctive three-domain alpha/beta fold that controls cofactor assembly and reactivity. Homology regions conserved between the symmetry-related halves of SiRHP and among other sulfite and nitrite reductases revealed key residues for stability and function, and identified a sulfite or nitrite reductase repeat (SNiRR) common to a redox-enzyme superfamily. The saddle-shaped siroheme shares a cysteine thiolate ligand with the Fe4S4 cluster and ligates an unexpected phosphate anion. In the substrate complex, sulfite displaces phosphate and binds to siroheme iron through sulfur. An extensive hydrogen-bonding network of positive side chains, water molecules, and siroheme carboxylates activates S-O bonds for reductive cleavage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crane, B R -- Siegel, L M -- Getzoff, E D -- GM212226/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM37684/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):59-67.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Anions ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sulfite Reductase (NADPH) ; Sulfites/*metabolism
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  • 39
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    Specific DNA-RNA hybrid binding by zinc finger proteins (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-04-14
    Description: Zinc finger proteins of the Cys2His2 type represent a large class of proteins that have been assumed to function by means of specific interactions with DNA. Experiments motivated by structural characteristics of zinc finger protein-DNA complexes revealed that certain zinc finger proteins bound DNA-RNA hybrids with affinities comparable to or greater than those for DNA duplexes. The interactions between the zinc finger proteins and the DNA-RNA hybrids were dependent on which strand was RNA and were sequence-specific. Thus, interactions with DNA-RNA hybrids should be considered with regard to the biological roles of zinc finger proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shi, Y -- Berg, J M -- GM46257/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):282-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7536342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Zinc Fingers/*physiology
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  • 40
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    Requirement for MAP kinase (ERK2) activity in interferon alpha- and interferon beta-stimulated gene expression through STAT proteins (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-22
    Description: Activation of early response genes by interferons (IFNs) requires tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins. It was found that the serine-threonine kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [specifically, the 42-kilodalton MAPK or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)] interacted with the alpha subunit of IFN-alpha/beta receptor in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of cells with IFN-beta induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of MAPK and caused MAPK and Stat1 alpha to coimmunoprecipitate. Furthermore, expression of dominant negative MAPK inhibited IFN-beta-induced transcription. Therefore, MAPK appears to regulate IFN-alpha and IFN-beta activation of early response genes by modifying the Jak-STAT signaling cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉David, M -- Petricoin, E 3rd -- Benjamin, C -- Pine, R -- Weber, M J -- Larner, A C -- GM47332/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 22;269(5231):1721-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cytokine Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/pharmacology ; Interferon-beta/*pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta ; Receptors, Interferon/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; *Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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  • 41
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    Interaction of a peptidomimetic aminimide inhibitor with elastase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: The crystal structure of an aminimide analog of a dipeptide inhibitor of porcine pancreatic elastase bound to its target serine protease has been solved. The peptidomimetic molecule binds in the same fashion as the class of dipeptides from which it was derived, making similar interactions with the subsites on the elastase surface. Because aminimides are readily synthesized from a wide variety of starting materials, they form the basis for a combinatorial chemistry approach to rational drug design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peisach, E -- Casebier, D -- Gallion, S L -- Furth, P -- Petsko, G A -- Hogan, J C Jr -- Ringe, D -- T32GMO7596/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):66-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Biophysics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Anilides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dipeptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrazines/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pancreatic Elastase/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 42
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    On low-barrier hydrogen bonds and enzyme catalysis (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warshel, A -- Papazyan, A -- Kollman, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):102-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7661987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; *Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; *Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Physicochemical Phenomena
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  • 43
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    Modulation of transcription factor Ets-1 DNA binding: DNA-induced unfolding of an alpha helix (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: Conformational changes, including local protein folding, play important roles in protein-DNA interactions. Here, studies of the transcription factor Ets-1 provided evidence that local protein unfolding also can accompany DNA binding. Circular dichroism and partial proteolysis showed that the secondary structure of the Ets-1 DNA-binding domain is unchanged in the presence of DNA. In contrast, DNA allosterically induced the unfolding of an alpha helix that lies within a flanking region involved in the negative regulation of DNA binding. These findings suggest a structural basis for the intramolecular inhibition of DNA binding and a mechanism for the cooperative partnerships that are common features of many eukaryotic transcription factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petersen, J M -- Skalicky, J J -- Donaldson, L W -- McIntosh, L P -- Alber, T -- Graves, B J -- CA 42014/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 48958/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM38663/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1866-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Circular Dichroism ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; *Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 44
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    Protein reaction kinetics in a room-temperature glass (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: Protein reaction kinetics in aqueous solution at room temperature are often simplified by the thermal averaging of conformational substates. These substates exhibit widely varying reaction rates that are usually exposed by trapping in a glass at low temperature. Here, it is shown that the solvent viscosity, rather than the low temperature, is primarily responsible for the trapping. This was demonstrated by placement of myoglobin in a glass at room temperature and subsequent observation of inhomogeneous reaction kinetics. The high solvent viscosity slowed the rate of crossing the energy barriers that separated the substates and also suppressed any change in the average protein conformation after ligand dissociation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagen, S J -- Hofrichter, J -- Eaton, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):959-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbon Monoxide/*chemistry/metabolism ; Glass ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Myoglobin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Photolysis ; Protein Conformation ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature ; Trehalose ; Viscosity
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  • 45
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    Distinct binding specificities and functions of higher eukaryotic polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-26
    Description: In higher eukaryotes, the polypyrimidine-tract (Py-tract) adjacent to the 3' splice site is recognized by several proteins, including the essential splicing factor U2AF65, the splicing regulator Sex-lethal (Sxl), and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB), whose function is unknown. Iterative in vitro genetic selection was used to show that these proteins have distinct sequence preferences. The uridine-rich degenerate sequences selected by U2AF65 are similar to those present in the diverse array of natural metazoan Py-tracts. In contrast, the Sxl-consensus is a highly specific sequence, which can help explain the ability of Sxl to regulate splicing of transformer pre-mRNA and autoregulate splicing of its own pre-mRNA. The PTB-consensus is not a typical Py-tract; it can be found in certain alternatively spliced pre-mRNAs that undergo negative regulation. Here it is shown that PTB can regulate alternative splicing by selectively repressing 3' splice sites that contain a PTB-binding site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singh, R -- Valcarcel, J -- Green, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 26;268(5214):1173-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7761834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Consensus Sequence ; DNA, Complementary ; Drosophila ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Humans ; Insect Hormones/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/*metabolism
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  • 46
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    Mechanism of inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by nonnucleoside inhibitors (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-17
    Description: The mechanism of inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by three nonnucleoside inhibitors is described. Nevirapine, O-TIBO, and CI-TIBO each bind to a hydrophobic pocket in the enzyme-DNA complex close to the active site catalytic residues. Pre-steady-state kinetic analysis was used to establish the mechanism of inhibition by these noncompetitive inhibitors. Analysis of the pre-steady-state burst of DNA polymerization indicated that inhibitors blocked the chemical reaction, but did not interfere with nucleotide binding or the nucleotide-induced conformational change. Rather, in the presence of saturating concentrations of the inhibitors, the nucleoside triphosphate bound tightly (Kd, 100 nM), but nonproductively. The data suggest that an inhibitor combining the functionalities of a nonnucleoside inhibitor and a nucleotide analog could bind very tightly and specifically to reverse transcriptase and could be effective in the treatment of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spence, R A -- Kati, W M -- Anderson, K S -- Johnson, K A -- GM44613/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM49551/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 17;267(5200):988-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7532321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiviral Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Benzodiazepines/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; DNA/metabolism ; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides/metabolism ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase ; HIV-1/drug effects/*enzymology ; Imidazoles/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Magnesium/metabolism/pharmacology ; Nevirapine ; Protein Conformation ; Pyridines/metabolism/*pharmacology ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/chemistry/metabolism ; *Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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  • 47
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    An intelligent channel (and more) (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hofnung, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):473-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite de Programmation Moleculaire et Toxicologie Genetique-Biotechnologies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Bacteriophage lambda/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Diffusion ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry ; Maltose/metabolism ; Porins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Virus/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 48
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    Solution structure of the activator contact domain of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Description: The structure of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase alpha subunit (alpha CTD), which is regarded as the contact site for transcription activator proteins and for the promoter UP element, was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its compact structure of four helices and two long arms enclosing its hydrophobic core shows a folding topology distinct from those of other DNA-binding proteins. The UP element binding site was found on the surface comprising helix 1, the amino-terminal end of helix 4, and the preceding loop. Mutation experiments indicated that the contact sites for transcription activator proteins are also on the same surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeon, Y H -- Negishi, T -- Shirakawa, M -- Yamazaki, T -- Fujita, N -- Ishihama, A -- Kyogoku, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1495-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7491496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Solutions ; Trans-Activators/metabolism
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  • 49
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    Structural basis for phosphotyrosine peptide recognition by protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: The crystal structures of a cysteine-215--〉serine mutant of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B complexed with high-affinity peptide substrates corresponding to an autophosphorylation site of the epidermal growth factor receptor were determined. Peptide binding to the protein phosphatase was accompanied by a conformational change of a surface loop that created a phosphotyrosine recognition pocket and induced a catalytically competent form of the enzyme. The phosphotyrosine side chain is buried within the period and anchors the peptide substrate to its binding site. Hydrogen bonds between peptide main-chain atoms and the protein contribute to binding affinity, and specific interactions of acidic residues of the peptide with basic residues on the surface of the enzyme confer sequence specificity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jia, Z -- Barford, D -- Flint, A J -- Tonks, N K -- CA53840/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1754-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, University of Oxford, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7540771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphotyrosine ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Tyrosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
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  • 50
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    Altered DNA recognition and bending by insertions in the alpha 2 tail of the yeast a1/alpha 2 homeodomain heterodimer (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-13
    Description: The yeast MAT alpha 2 and MATa1 homeodomain proteins bind cooperatively as a heterodimer to sites upstream of haploid-specific genes, repressing their transcription. In the crystal structure of alpha 2 and a1 bound to DNA, each homeodomain makes independent base-specific contacts with the DNA and the two proteins contact each other through an extended tail region of alpha 2 that tethers the two homeodomains to one another. Because this extended region may be flexible, the ability of the heterodimer to discriminate among DNA sites with altered spacing between alpha 2 and a1 binding sites was examined. Spacing between the half sites was critical for specific DNA binding and transcriptional repression by the complex. However, amino acid insertions in the tail region of alpha 2 suppressed the effect of altering an a1/alpha 2 site by increasing the spacing between the half sites. Insertions in the tail also decreased DNA bending by a1/alpha 2. Thus tethering the two homeodomains contributes to DNA bending by a1/alpha 2, but the precise nature of the resulting bend is not essential for repression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jin, Y -- Mead, J -- Li, T -- Wolberger, C -- Vershon, A K -- GM49265/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 13;270(5234):290-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0759, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Genes, Fungal ; Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 51
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    Crystal structure of the ternary complex of Phe-tRNAPhe, EF-Tu, and a GTP analog (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Description: The structure of the ternary complex consisting of yeast phenylalanyl-transfer RNA (Phe-tRNAPhe), Thermus aquaticus elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), and the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) analog GDPNP was determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.7 angstrom resolution. The ternary complex participates in placing the amino acids in their correct order when messenger RNA is translated into a protein sequence on the ribosome. The EF-Tu-GDPNP component binds to one side of the acceptor helix of Phe-tRNAPhe involving all three domains of EF-Tu. Binding sites for the phenylalanylated CCA end and the phosphorylated 5' end are located at domain interfaces, whereas the T stem interacts with the surface of the beta-barrel domain 3. The binding involves many conserved residues in EF-Tu. The overall shape of the ternary complex is similar to that of the translocation factor, EF-G-GDP, and this suggests a novel mechanism involving "molecular mimicry" in the translational apparatus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nissen, P -- Kjeldgaard, M -- Thirup, S -- Polekhina, G -- Reshetnikova, L -- Clark, B F -- Nyborg, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1464-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biostructural Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7491491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Anticodon ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Guanosine Diphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Histidine/metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Elongation Factor G ; Peptide Elongation Factor Tu/*chemistry/metabolism ; Peptide Elongation Factors/chemistry/metabolism ; Peptide Initiation Factors/chemistry/metabolism ; Peptide Termination Factors/chemistry/metabolism ; Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-2 ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Thermus
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  • 52
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    Ethylene-binding sites generated in yeast expressing the Arabidopsis ETR1 gene (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: Mutations in the ETR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana confer insensitivity to ethylene, which indicates a role for the gene product in ethylene signal transduction. Saturable binding sites for [14C]ethylene were detected in transgenic yeast expressing the ETR1 protein, whereas control yeast lacking ETR1 showed no detectable ethylene binding. Yeast expressing a mutant form of ETR1 (etr1-1) also showed no detectable ethylene binding, which provides an explanation for the ethylene-insensitive phenotype observed in plants carrying this mutation. Expression of truncated forms of ETR1 in yeast provided evidence that the amino-terminal hydrophobic domain of the protein is the site of ethylene binding. It was concluded from these results that ETR1 acts as an ethylene receptor in Arabidopsis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaller, G E -- Bleecker, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1809-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; Ethylenes/*metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Peptide Fragments/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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  • 53
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    Crystal structure of a conserved protease that binds DNA: the bleomycin hydrolase, Gal6 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: Bleomycin hydrolase is a cysteine protease that hydrolyzes the anticancer drug bleomycin. The homolog in yeast, Gal6, has recently been identified and found to bind DNA and to act as a repressor in the Gal4 regulatory system. The crystal structure of Gal6 at 2.2 A resolution reveals a hexameric structure with a prominent central channel. The papain-like active sites are situated within the central channel, in a manner resembling the organization of active sites in the proteasome. The Gal6 channel is lined with 60 lysine residues from the six subunits, suggesting a role in DNA binding. The carboxyl-terminal arm of Gal6 extends into the active site cleft and may serve a regulatory function. Rather than each residing in distinct, separable domains, the protease and DNA-binding activities appear structurally intertwined in the hexamer, implying a coupling of these two activities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joshua-Tor, L -- Xu, H E -- Johnston, S A -- Rees, D C -- GM40700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM45162/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):945-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Divison of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*chemistry/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Structure of cytochrome c oxidase, energy generator of aerobic life (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gennis, R -- Ferguson-Miller, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 25;269(5227):1063-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Binding Sites ; Copper/analysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytochrome c Group/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*chemistry/metabolism ; Heme/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Magnesium/analysis ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Molecular Structure ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proton Pumps ; Zinc/analysis
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    Structural basis for sugar translocation through maltoporin channels at 3.1 A resolution (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: Trimeric maltoporin (LamB protein) facilitates the diffusion of maltodextrins across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The crystal structure of maltoporin from Escherichia coli, determined to a resolution of 3.1 angstroms, reveals an 18-stranded, antiparallel beta-barrel that forms the framework of the channel. Three inwardly folded loops contribute to a constriction about halfway through the channel. Six contingent aromatic residues line the channel and form a path from the vestibule to the periplasmic outlet. Soaking of a crystal with maltotriose revealed binding of the sugar to this hydrophobic track across the constriction, which suggests that maltose and linear oligosaccharides may be translocated across the membrane by guided diffusion along this path.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schirmer, T -- Keller, T A -- Wang, Y F -- Rosenbusch, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):512-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, University of Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Bacteriophage lambda/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*chemistry/metabolism ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Maltose/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Oligosaccharides/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Porins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Virus/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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    Crystal structure of the 20S proteasome from the archaeon T. acidophilum at 3.4 A resolution (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: The three-dimensional structure of the proteasome from the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum has been elucidated by x-ray crystallographic analysis by means of isomorphous replacement and cyclic averaging. The atomic model was built and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 22.1 percent. The 673-kilodalton protease complex consists of 14 copies of two different subunits, alpha and beta, forming a barrel-shaped structure of four stacked rings. The two inner rings consist of seven beta subunits each, and the two outer rings consist of seven alpha subunits each. A narrow channel controls access to the three inner compartments. The alpha 7 beta 7 beta 7 alpha 7 subunit assembly has 72-point group symmetry. The structures of the alpha and beta subunits are similar, consisting of a core of two antiparallel beta sheets that is flanked by alpha helices on both sides. The binding of a peptide aldehyde inhibitor marks the active site in the central cavity at the amino termini of the beta subunits and suggests a novel proteolytic mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lowe, J -- Stock, D -- Jap, B -- Zwickl, P -- Baumeister, W -- Huber, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):533-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Biochemie, Abteilung fur Strukturforschung, Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaeal Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Chaperonin 60/chemistry ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Endopeptidases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Fourier Analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Leupeptins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/metabolism ; Thermoplasma/*enzymology
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    Nicotinic receptor binding site probed with unnatural amino acid incorporation in intact cells (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: The nonsense codon suppression method for unnatural amino acid incorporation has been applied to intact cells and combined with electrophysiological analysis to probe structure-function relations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Functional receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes when tyrosine and phenylalanine derivatives were incorporated at positions 93, 190, and 198 in the binding site of the alpha subunit. Subtle changes in the structure of an individual side chain produced readily detectable changes in the function of this large channel protein. At each position, distinct features of side chain structure dominated the dose-response relation, probably by governing the agonist-receptor binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowak, M W -- Kearney, P C -- Sampson, J R -- Saks, M E -- Labarca, C G -- Silverman, S K -- Zhong, W -- Thorson, J -- Abelson, J N -- Davidson, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):439-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Codon ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oocytes ; Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives/*chemistry ; Receptors, Nicotinic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives/*chemistry ; Xenopus
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    In vivo functional analysis of the Ras exchange factor son of sevenless (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: The Son of sevenless (Sos) protein functions as a guanine nucleotide transfer factor for Ras and interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Sevenless through the protein Drk, a homolog of mammalian Grb2. In vivo structure-function analysis revealed that the amino terminus of Sos was essential for its function in flies. A molecule lacking the amino terminus was a potent dominant negative. In contrast, a Sos fragment lacking the Drk binding sites was functional and its activity was dependent on the presence of the Sevenless receptor. Furthermore, membrane localization of Sos was independent of Drk. A possible role for Drk as an activator of Sos is discussed and a Drk-independent interaction between Sos and Sevenless is proposed that is likely mediated by the pleckstrin homology domain within the amino terminus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karlovich, C A -- Bonfini, L -- McCollam, L -- Rogge, R D -- Daga, A -- Czech, M P -- Banerjee, U -- GM-07104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-08375/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01EY08152-06/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):576-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Drosophila ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Eye Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Insect Hormones/physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/cytology/metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Son of Sevenless Proteins ; ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    From molecular diversity to catalysis: lessons from the immune system (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: By combining the enormous molecular diversity of the immune system with basic mechanistic principles of chemistry, one can produce catalytic antibodies that allow control of reactions in ways heretofore not possible. Mechanistic and structural studies of these antibodies are also providing insights into important aspects of enzymatic catalysis and the evolution of catalytic function. Moreover, the ability to rationally direct the immune response to generate selective catalysts for reactions ranging from pericyclic and redox reactions to cationic rearrangement reactions underscores the chemical potential of this and other large combinatorial libraries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schultz, P G -- Lerner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1835-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Catalytic/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Antibody Diversity ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Haptens/immunology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Selection, Genetic ; Thermodynamics
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    Proteasome from Thermoplasma acidophilum: a threonine protease (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: The catalytic mechanism of the 20S proteasome from the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum has been analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis of the beta subunit and by inhibitor studies. Deletion of the amino-terminal threonine or its mutation to alanine led to inactivation of the enzyme. Mutation of the residue to serine led to a fully active enzyme, which was over ten times more sensitive to the serine protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin. In combination with the crystal structure of a proteasome-inhibitor complex, the data show that the nucleophilic attack is mediated by the amino-terminal threonine of processed beta subunits. The conservation pattern of this residue in eukaryotic sequences suggests that at least three of the seven eukaryotic beta-type subunit branches should be proteolytically inactive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seemuller, E -- Lupas, A -- Stock, D -- Lowe, J -- Huber, R -- Baumeister, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):579-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abteilung fur Strukturbiologie Max-Planck Institut fur Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaeal Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Coumarins/pharmacology ; Endopeptidases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Folding ; Sequence Alignment ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Thermoplasma/*enzymology
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    Detection of creatinine by a designed receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-08-04
    Description: An artificial receptor has been designed to bind creatinine with a color change (chromogenic response) caused by proton transfer from one end of the receptor to the other. The receptor was synthesized and found to extract creatinine from water into chlorocarbon solvents. The color change in the organic layer is specific for creatinine relative to other organic solutes, and it is selective for creatinine relative to sodium, potassium, and ammonium ions. The chromogenic mechanism is revealed by x-ray crystal structures of creatinine, the free receptor, and the complex, showing "induced fit" binding resulting from electronic complementarity between host and guest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, T W -- Hou, Z -- Luo, Y -- Drew, M G -- Chapoteau, E -- Czech, B P -- Kumar, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 4;269(5224):671-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-3400, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acridines/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Chromogenic Compounds/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Creatinine/*analysis/blood/chemistry ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Naphthyridines/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Oxygen/chemistry ; Protons
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    E-cadherin: a distant member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagner, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 20;267(5196):342.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD2/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Cadherins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    Vitamin K and energy transduction: a base strength amplification mechanism (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-09-22
    Description: Energy transfer provides an arrow in the metabolism of living systems. Direct energetic coupling of chemical transformations, such that the free energy generated in one reaction is channeled to another, is the essence of energy transfer, whereas the purpose is the production of high-energy chemical intermediates. Vitamin K provides a particularly instructive example of energy transfer. A key principle at work in the vitamin K system can be termed "base strength amplification." In the base strength amplification sequence, the free energy of oxygenation of vitamin K hydroquinone (vitamin KH2) is used to transform a weak base to a strong base in order to effect proton removal from selected glutamate (Glu) residues in the blood-clotting proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dowd, P -- Hershline, R -- Ham, S W -- Naganathan, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 22;269(5231):1684-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Blood Coagulation Factors/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Carbon-Carbon Ligases ; Cyanides/pharmacology ; Energy Metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Thermodynamics ; Vitamin K/*metabolism ; Vitamin K 1/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
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    Tuning into better catalysts (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Labinger, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbon/*chemistry ; *Catalysis ; Hydrocarbons/chemistry ; Hydrogen/*chemistry ; Manganese Compounds/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxides/chemistry ; Oxygen/*chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Toluene/chemistry
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    Inhibition of ICE family proteases by baculovirus antiapoptotic protein p35 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: The baculovirus antiapoptotic protein p35 inhibited the proteolytic activity of human interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) and three of its homologs in enzymatic assays. Coexpression of p35 prevented the autoproteolytic activation of ICE from its precursor form and blocked ICE-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of enzymatic activity correlated with the cleavage of p35 and the formation of a stable ICE-p35 complex. The ability of p35 to block apoptosis in different pathways and in distantly related organisms suggests a central and conserved role for ICE-like proteases in the induction of apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bump, N J -- Hackett, M -- Hugunin, M -- Seshagiri, S -- Brady, K -- Chen, P -- Ferenz, C -- Franklin, S -- Ghayur, T -- Li, P -- AI 38262/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1885-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BASF Bioresearch Corporation, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Caspase 1 ; Cell Line ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology
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    Electron tunneling in proteins: coupling through a beta strand (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: Electron coupling through a beta strand has been investigated by measurement of the intramolecular electron-transfer (ET) rates in ruthenium-modified derivatives of the beta barrel blue copper protein Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin. Surface histidines, introduced on the methionine-121 beta strand by mutagenesis, were modified with a Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)2(imidazole)2+ complex. The Cu+ to Ru3+ rate constants yielded a distance-decay constant of 1.1 per angstrom, a value close to the distance-decay constant of 1.0 per angstrom predicted for electron tunneling through an idealized beta strand. Activationless ET rate constants in combination with a tunneling-pathway analysis of the structures of azurin and cytochrome c confirm that there is a generally efficient network for coupling the internal (native) redox center to the surface of both proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langen, R -- Chang, I J -- Germanas, J P -- Richards, J H -- Winkler, J R -- Gray, H B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1733-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Azurin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cytochrome c Group/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Electron Transport ; Models, Chemical ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Protein Structure, Secondary ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Ruthenium/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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    Crystal structure and function of the isoniazid target of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-17
    Description: Resistance to isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be mediated by substitution of alanine for serine 94 in the InhA protein, the drug's primary target. InhA was shown to catalyze the beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-specific reduction of 2-trans-enoyl-acyl carrier protein, an essential step in fatty acid elongation. Kinetic analyses suggested that isoniazid resistance is due to a decreased affinity of the mutant protein for NADH. The three-dimensional structures of wild-type and mutant InhA, refined to 2.2 and 2.7 angstroms, respectively, revealed that drug resistance is directly related to a perturbation in the hydrogen-bonding network that stabilizes NADH binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dessen, A -- Quemard, A -- Blanchard, J S -- Jacobs, W R Jr -- Sacchettini, J C -- AI30189/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI33696/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI36849/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 17;267(5204):1638-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Isoniazid/*pharmacology ; Models, Molecular ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*chemistry/drug effects ; NAD/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Oxidoreductases ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    Mutagenesis and Laue structures of enzyme intermediates: isocitrate dehydrogenase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-02
    Description: Site-directed mutagenesis and Laue diffraction data to 2.5 A resolution were used to solve the structures of two sequential intermediates formed during the catalytic actions of isocitrate dehydrogenase. Both intermediates are distinct from the enzyme-substrate and enzyme-product complexes. Mutation of key catalytic residues changed the rate determining steps so that protein and substrate intermediates within the overall reaction pathway could be visualized.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bolduc, J M -- Dyer, D H -- Scott, W G -- Singer, P -- Sweet, R M -- Koshland, D E Jr -- Stoddard, B L -- GM49857/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 2;268(5215):1312-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Program in Structural Biology, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7761851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Computer Graphics ; *Crystallography, X-Ray ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Isocitrates/metabolism ; Kinetics ; *Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; NADP/metabolism ; Protein Conformation
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    Group I intron self-splicing with adenosine: evidence for a single nucleoside-binding site (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-04-19
    Description: For self-splicing of Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA precursor, guanosine binding is required for 5' splice-site cleavage and exon ligation. Whether these two reactions use the same or different guanosine-binding sites has been debated. A double mutation in a previously identified guanosine-binding site within the intron resulted in preference for adenosine (or adenosine triphosphate) as the substrate for cleavage at the 5' splice site. However, splicing was blocked in the exon ligation step. Blockage was reversed by a change from guanine to adenine at the 3' splice site. These results indicate that a single determinant specifies nucleoside binding for both steps of splicing. Furthermore, it suggests that RNA could form an active site specific for adenosine triphosphate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Been, M D -- Perrotta, A T -- GM-40689/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 19;252(5004):434-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Exons ; Guanosine/metabolism ; *Introns ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Mutagenesis ; RNA Precursors/chemistry/genetics ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic/metabolism ; Tetrahymena/genetics
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    Identification of the DNA binding site for NGFI-B by genetic selection in yeast (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-05-31
    Description: An in vivo selection system for isolating targets of DNA binding proteins in yeast was developed and used to identify the DNA binding site for the NGFI-B protein, a member of the steroid-thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. The feasibility of the technique was verified by selecting DNA fragments that contained binding sites for GCN4, a well-characterized yeast transcriptional activator. The DNA binding domain of NGFI-B, expressed as part of a LexA-NGFI-B-GAL4 chimeric activator, was then used to isolate a rat genomic DNA fragment that contained an NGFI-B binding site. The NGFI-B response element (NBRE) is similar to but functionally distinct from elements recognized by the estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors and the hormone receptor-like proteins COUP-TF, CF1, and H-2RIIBP. Cotransfection experiments in mammalian cells demonstrated that NGFI-B can activate transcription from the NBRE with or without its putative ligand binding domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, T E -- Fahrner, T J -- Johnston, M -- Milbrandt, J -- NS01018/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA49712/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1296-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Fungal/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 ; Plasmids ; *Protein Kinases ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Receptors, Steroid ; Repressor Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Serine Endopeptidases ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Inhibition of Rap1A binding to cytochrome b558 of NADPH oxidase by phosphorylation of Rap1A (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: Rap1A is a low molecular weight guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein in human neutrophil membranes whose cellular function is unknown. Rap1A was found to form stoichiometric complexes with the cytochrome b558 component of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system. The (guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-gamma-S)-bound form of Rap1A bound more tightly to cytochrome b558 than did the guanosine diphosphate-bound form. No complex formation was observed between cytochrome b558 and H-Ras-GTP-gamma-S or Rap1A-GTP-gamma-S that had been heat-inactivated, nor between Rap1A-GTP-gamma-S and hydrophobic proteins serving as controls. Complex formation between Rap1A-GTP-gamma-S and cytochrome b558 was inhibited by phosphorylation of Rap1A with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase. These observations suggest that Rap1A may participate in the structure or regulation of the NADPH oxidase system and that this function of the Rap1A protein may be altered by phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bokoch, G M -- Quilliam, L A -- Bohl, B P -- Jesaitis, A J -- Quinn, M T -- 5RO126711/PHS HHS/ -- GM39434/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM44428/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1794-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Chromatography, Gel ; Cytochrome b Group/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase ; Neutrophils/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/isolation & purification/metabolism ; rap GTP-Binding Proteins
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    Transducin activation by rhodopsin without a covalent bond to the 11-cis-retinal chromophore (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-02-01
    Description: Rhodopsin and the visual pigments are a distinct group within the family of G-protein-linked receptors in that they have a covalently bound ligand, the 11-cis-retinal chromophore, whereas all of the other receptors bind their agonists through noncovalent interactions. The retinal chromophore in rhodopsin is bound by means of a protonated Schiff base linkage to the epsilon-amino group of Lys-296. Two rhodopsin mutants have been constructed, K296G and K296A, in which the covalent linkage to the chromophore is removed. Both mutants form a pigment with an absorption spectrum close to that of the wild type when reconstituted with the Schiff base of an n-alkylamine and 11-cis-retinal. In addition, the pigment formed from K296G and the n-propylamine Schiff base of 11-cis-retinal was found to activate transducin in a light-dependent manner, with 30 to 40% of the specific activity measured for the wild-type protein. It appears that the covalent bond is not essential for binding of the chromophore or for catalytic activation of transducin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhukovsky, E A -- Robinson, P R -- Oprian, D D -- 5T32 GM07596-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- EY07965/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY007965/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- S07 RR07044/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 1;251(4993):558-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Protein Binding ; Retinaldehyde/*metabolism ; Rhodopsin/genetics/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Schiff Bases ; Spectrophotometry ; Transducin/*metabolism/radiation effects
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    Related RNA polymerase-binding regions in human RAP30/74 and Escherichia coli sigma 70 (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: RAP30/74 is a heteromeric general transcription initiation factor that binds to mammalian RNA polymerase II. The RAP30 subunit contains a region that is similar in amino acid sequence to the RNA polymerase-binding domain of the Escherichia coli transcription initiation factor sigma 70 (sigma 70). Mammalian RNA polymerase II specifically protected a serine residue in the sigma 70-related region of RAP30 from phosphorylation in vitro. In addition, human RAP30/74 bound to Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and was displaced by sigma 70. These results suggest that RAP30 and sigma 70 have functionally related RNA polymerase-binding regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCracken, S -- Greenblatt, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):900-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1652156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Cyanogen Bromide ; Cyclic AMP/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/*analysis/enzymology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/*metabolism ; Sigma Factor/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factors, TFII ; Trypsin
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    Interaction of the IL-2 receptor with the src-family kinase p56lck: identification of novel intermolecular association (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-06-14
    Description: In the interleukin-2 (IL-2) system, intracellular signal transduction is triggered by the beta chain of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R beta); however, the responsible signaling mechanism remains unidentified. Evidence for the formation of a stable complex of IL-2R beta and the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase p56lck is presented. Specific association sites were identified in the tyrosine kinase catalytic domain of p56lck and in the cytoplasmic domain of IL-2R beta. As a result of interaction, IL-2R beta became phosphorylated in vitro by p56lck. Treatment of T lymphocytes with IL-2 promotes p56lck kinase activity. These data suggest the participation of p56lck as a critical signaling molecule downstream of IL-2R via a novel interaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hatakeyama, M -- Kono, T -- Kobayashi, N -- Kawahara, A -- Levin, S D -- Perlmutter, R M -- Taniguchi, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 14;252(5012):1523-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology/drug effects/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection
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    A nonconservative serine to cysteine mutation in the sulfate-binding protein, a transport receptor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-03-22
    Description: Serine 130 is one of seven residues that form a total of seven hydrogen bonds with the sulfate completely sequestered deep in the cleft between the two lobes of the bilobate sulfate-binding protein from Salmonella typhimurium. This residue has been replaced with Cys, Ala, and Gly by site-directed mutagenesis in an Escherichia coli expression system. Replacement with the isosteric Cys caused a 3200-fold decrease in the sulfate-binding activity relative to the wild-type activity, whereas replacement with Ala and Gly resulted in only 100- and 15-fold decreases, respectively. The effect of the Cys substitution is attributed largely to steric effect, whereas the Gly substitution more nearly reflects the loss of one hydrogen bond to the bound sulfate with a strength of only 1.6 kilocalories per mole.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, J J -- Quiocho, F A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 22;251(5000):1479-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Cysteine ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Models, Molecular ; *Periplasmic Binding Proteins ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Serine ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Sulfates/*chemistry ; Thermodynamics
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    Oxygen activation at the diiron center of ribonucleotide reductase (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-07-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Que, L Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 19;253(5017):273-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Hemerythrin/metabolism ; Histidine ; Iron/*metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Theoretical ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Ribonucleotide Reductases/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Atomic structure of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica: a prototypic acetylcholine-binding protein (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: The three-dimensional structure of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica electric organ has been determined by x-ray analysis to 2.8 angstrom resolution. The form crystallized is the glycolipid-anchored homodimer that was purified subsequent to solubilization with a bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. The enzyme monomer is an alpha/beta protein that contains 537 amino acids. It consists of a 12-stranded mixed beta sheet surrounded by 14 alpha helices and bears a striking resemblance to several hydrolase structures including dienelactone hydrolase, serine carboxypeptidase-II, three neutral lipases, and haloalkane dehalogenase. The active site is unusual because it contains Glu, not Asp, in the Ser-His-acid catalytic triad and because the relation of the triad to the rest of the protein approximates a mirror image of that seen in the serine proteases. Furthermore, the active site lies near the bottom of a deep and narrow gorge that reaches halfway into the protein. Modeling of acetylcholine binding to the enzyme suggests that the quaternary ammonium ion is bound not to a negatively charged "anionic" site, but rather to some of the 14 aromatic residues that line the gorge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sussman, J L -- Harel, M -- Frolow, F -- Oefner, C -- Goldman, A -- Toker, L -- Silman, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):872-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1678899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*metabolism ; Acetylcholinesterase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallization ; Electric Organ/*enzymology ; Glutamates ; Glutamic Acid ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; *Torpedo ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 78
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    Three-dimensional structures of the ligand-binding domain of the bacterial aspartate receptor with and without a ligand (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-12-09
    Description: The three-dimensional structure of an active, disulfide cross-linked dimer of the ligand-binding domain of the Salmonella typhimurium aspartate receptor and that of an aspartate complex have been determined by x-ray crystallographic methods at 2.4 and 2.0 angstrom (A) resolution, respectively. A single subunit is a four-alpha-helix bundle with two long amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal helices and two shorter helices that form a cylinder 20 A in diameter and more than 70 A long. The two subunits in the disulfide-bonded dimer are related by a crystallographic twofold axis in the apo structure, but by a noncrystallographic twofold axis in the aspartate complex structure. The latter structure reveals that the ligand binding site is located more than 60 A from the presumed membrane surface and is at the interface of the two subunits. Aspartate binds between two alpha helices from one subunit and one alpha helix from the other in a highly charged pocket formed by three arginines. The comparison of the apo and aspartate complex structures shows only small structural changes in the individual subunits, except for one loop region that is disordered, but the subunits appear to change orientation relative to each other. The structures of the two forms of this protein provide a step toward understanding the mechanisms of transmembrane signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Milburn, M V -- Prive, G G -- Milligan, D L -- Scott, W G -- Yeh, J -- Jancarik, J -- Koshland, D E Jr -- Kim, S H -- AI 30725/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK09765/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1342-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Disulfides/analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; *Receptors, Amino Acid ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Solution structure of FKBP, a rotamase enzyme and receptor for FK506 and rapamycin (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-10
    Description: Immunophilins, when complexed to immunosuppressive ligands, appear to inhibit signal transduction pathways that result in exocytosis and transcription. The solution structure of one of these, the human FK506 and rapamycin binding protein (FKBP), has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). FKBP has a previously unobserved antiparallel beta-sheet folding topology that results in a novel loop crossing and produces a large cavity lined by a conserved array of aromatic residues; this cavity serves as the rotamase active site and drug-binding pocket. There are other significant structural features (such as a protruding positively charged loop and an apparently flexible loop) that may be involved in the biological activity of FKBP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michnick, S W -- Rosen, M K -- Wandless, T J -- Karplus, M -- Schreiber, S L -- GM-30804/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-38627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- I-S10-RR04870/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 10;252(5007):836-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1709301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*ultrastructure ; Crystallography ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Polyenes/metabolism ; Sirolimus ; Tacrolimus ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins
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  • 80
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    Specific DNA binding by c-Myb: evidence for a double helix-turn-helix-related motif (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-09-06
    Description: The c-Myb protein is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein that activates transcription in hematopoietic cells. Three imperfect repeats (R1, R2, and R3) that contain regularly spaced tryptophan residues form the DNA binding domain of c-Myb. A fragment of c-Myb that contained the R2 and R3 regions bound specifically to a DNA sequence recognized by c-Myb plus ten additional base pairs at the 3' end of the element. The R2R3 fragment was predicted to contain two consecutive helix-turn-helix (HTH) motifs with unconventional turns. Mutagenesis of amino acids in R2R3 at positions that correspond to DNA-contacting amino acids in other HTH-containing proteins abolished specific DNA binding without affecting nonspecific DNA interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabrielsen, O S -- Sentenac, A -- Fromageot, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 6;253(5024):1140-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire d'Ingenierie des Proteines, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1887237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chickens ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Oncogenes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Restriction Mapping ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Characterization of a human TAR RNA-binding protein that activates the HIV-1 LTR (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-03-29
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is activated by Tat, a virally encoded protein. Tat trans-activation requires viral (trans-activation--responsive; TAR) RNA sequences located in the R region of the long terminal repeat (LTR). Existing evidence suggests that Tat probably cooperates with cellular factors that bind to TAR RNA in the overall trans-activation process. A HeLa complementary DNA was isolated and characterized that encodes a TAR RNA-binding protein (TRBP). TRBP activated the HIV-1 LTR and was synergistic with Tat function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gatignol, A -- Buckler-White, A -- Berkhout, B -- Jeang, K T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 29;251(5001):1597-600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2011739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Endoribonucleases/genetics ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Gene Products, tat/metabolism ; *HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; HIV-1/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Plasmids ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribonuclease III ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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  • 82
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    Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator: nucleotide binding to a synthetic peptide (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-02-01
    Description: Multiple mutations in the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis are located within a region predicted to encode a nucleotide-binding fold in the amino terminal half of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein. A 67-amino acid peptide (P-67) that corresponds to the central region of this putative nucleotide binding site was chemically synthesized and purified. This peptide bound adenine nucleotides. The apparent dissociation constants (Kd's) for the trinitrophenyl (TNP) adenine nucleotides, TNP-adenosine triphosphate, TNP-adenosine diphosphate, and TNP-adenosine monophosphate, were 300 nanomolar, 200 nanomolar, and greater than 1 micromolar, respectively. The Kd for adenosine triphosphate was 300 micromolar. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to show that P-67 assumes a predominantly beta sheet structure in solution, a finding that is consistent with secondary structure predictions. On the basis of this information, the phenylalanine at position 508, which is deleted in approximately 70 percent of individuals with cystic fibrosis, was localized to a beta strand within the nucleotide binding peptide. Deletion of this residue is predicted to induce a significant structural change in the beta strand and altered nucleotide binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, P J -- Shenbagamurthi, P -- Ysern, X -- Pedersen, P L -- CA 10951/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 1;251(4993):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1703660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data
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  • 83
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    Engineered metal-binding proteins: purification to protein folding (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnold, F H -- Haymore, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 28;252(5014):1796-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1648261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/isolation & purification ; Cytochrome c Group/chemistry ; Histidine ; Ligands ; Metals/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering
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  • 84
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    Convergence of Ets- and notch-related structural motifs in a heteromeric DNA binding complex (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-16
    Description: Analysis of the heteromeric DNA binding protein GABP has revealed the interaction of two distinct peptide sequence motifs normally associated with proteins located in different cellular compartments. The alpha subunit of GABP contains an 85-amino acid segment related to the Ets family of DNA binding proteins. The ETS domain of GABP alpha facilitates weak binding to DNA and, together with an adjacent segment of 37 amino acids, mediates stable interaction with GABP beta. The beta subunit of GABP contains four imperfect repeats of a sequence present in several transmembrane proteins including the product of the Notch gene of Drosophila melanogaster. These amino-terminal repeats of GABP beta mediate stable interaction with GABP alpha and, when complexed with GABP alpha, directly contact DNA. These observations provide evidence for a distinct biochemical role for the 33-amino acid repeats, and suggest that they may serve as a module for the generation of specific dimerization interfaces.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, C C -- Brown, T A -- McKnight, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 16;253(5021):762-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1876833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Multigene Family ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Oligonucleotides/chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 85
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    New role found for a common protein "motif" (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 16;253(5021):742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1831563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ankyrins ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Blood Proteins/*chemistry ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Protein Binding ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transcription Factors/chemistry
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  • 86
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    Atomic structure of FKBP-FK506, an immunophilin-immunosuppressant complex (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-05-10
    Description: The structure of the human FK506 binding protein (FKBP), complexed with the immunosuppressant FK506, has been determined to 1.7 angstroms resolution by x-ray crystallography. The conformation of the protein changes little upon complexation, but the conformation of FK506 is markedly different in the bound and unbound forms. The drug's association with the protein involves five hydrogen bonds, a hydrophobic binding pocket lined with conserved aromatic residues, and an unusual carbonyl binding pocket. The nature of this complex has implications for the mechanism of rotamase catalysis and for the biological actions of FK506 and rapamycin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Duyne, G D -- Standaert, R F -- Karplus, P A -- Schreiber, S L -- Clardy, J -- CA-24487/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM-38627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 10;252(5007):839-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1709302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*ultrastructure ; Humans ; *Immunosuppressive Agents ; Molecular Structure ; Tacrolimus ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 87
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    Three-dimensional structure of the LDL receptor-binding domain of human apolipoprotein E (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-06-28
    Description: Human apolipoprotein E, a blood plasma protein, mediates the transport and uptake of cholesterol and lipid by way of its high affinity interaction with different cellular receptors, including the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The three-dimensional structure of the LDL receptor-binding domain of apoE has been determined at 2.5 angstrom resolution by x-ray crystallography. The protein forms an unusually elongated (65 angstroms) four-helix bundle, with the helices apparently stabilized by a tightly packed hydrophobic core that includes leucine zipper-type interactions and by numerous salt bridges on the mostly charged surface. Basic amino acids important for LDL receptor binding are clustered into a surface patch on one long helix. This structure provides the basis for understanding the behavior of naturally occurring mutants that can lead to atherosclerosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, C -- Wardell, M R -- Weisgraber, K H -- Mahley, R W -- Agard, D A -- HL-41633/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 28;252(5014):1817-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2063194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoproteins E/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, LDL/*metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 88
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    Atomic structure of adenosine deaminase complexed with a transition-state analog: understanding catalysis and immunodeficiency mutations (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-05-31
    Description: The crystal structure of a murine adenosine deaminase complexed with 6-hydroxyl-1,6-dihydropurine ribonucleoside, a nearly ideal transition-state analog, has been determined and refined at 2.4 angstrom resolution. The structure is folded as an eight-stranded parallel alpha/beta barrel with a deep pocket at the beta-barrel COOH-terminal end wherein the inhibitor and a zinc are bound and completely sequestered. The presence of the zinc cofactor and the precise structure of the bound analog were not previously known. The 6R isomer of the analog is very tightly held in place by the coordination of the 6-hydroxyl to the zinc and the formation of nine hydrogen bonds. On the basis of the structure of the complex a stereoselective addition-elimination or SN2 mechanism of the enzyme is proposed with the zinc atom and the Glu and Asp residues playing key roles. A molecular explanation of a hereditary disease caused by several point mutations of an enzyme is also presented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, D K -- Rudolph, F B -- Quiocho, F A -- CA14030/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1278-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Deaminase/*chemistry/deficiency/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*enzymology/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Structure ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Purine Nucleosides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribonucleosides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism
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  • 89
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    Variable effects of phosphorylation of Pit-1 dictated by the DNA response elements (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-16
    Description: Pit-1, a tissue-specific POU domain transcription factor, is required for the activation of the prolactin, growth hormone, and Pit-1 promoters that confer regulation by epidermal growth factor, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), and phorbol esters. Pit-1 is phosphorylated in pituitary cells at two distinct sites in response to phorbol esters and cAMP. Phosphorylation of Pit-1 modifies its conformation on DNA recognition elements and results in increased binding at certain sites and decreased binding at other sites, dependent on DNA sequences adjacent to the core Pit-1 binding motif. One residue (Thr220), located in the POU homeodomain within a sequence conserved throughout the POU-domain family, confers these responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kapiloff, M S -- Farkash, Y -- Wegner, M -- Rosenfeld, M G -- DK 18477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 16;253(5021):786-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Eukaryotic Regulatory Biology Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1652153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP/pharmacology ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Mapping ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/*physiology ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcription Factor Pit-1 ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*physiology ; Trypsin
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  • 90
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    Mutations affecting internal TEA blockade identify the probable pore-forming region of a K+ channel (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-02-22
    Description: The active site of voltage-activated potassium channels is a transmembrane aqueous pore that permits ions to permeate the cell membrane in a rapid yet highly selective manner. A useful probe for the pore of potassium-selective channels is the organic ion tetraethylammonium (TEA), which binds with millimolar affinity to the intracellular opening of the pore and blocks potassium current. In the potassium channel encoded by the Drosophila Shaker gene, an amino acid residue that specifically affects the affinity for intracellular TEA has now been identified by site-directed mutagenesis. This residue is in the middle of a conserved stretch of 18 amino acids that separates two locations that are both near the external opening of the pore. These findings suggest that this conserved region is intimately involved in the formation of the ion conduction pore of voltage-activated potassium channels. Further, a stretch of only eight amino acid residues must traverse 80 percent of the transmembrane electric potential difference.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yellen, G -- Jurman, M E -- Abramson, T -- MacKinnon, R -- GM4399/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 22;251(4996):939-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2000494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Drosophila/genetics ; Genes ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Tetraethylammonium ; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/*pharmacology
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  • 91
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    Mechanism for regulating cell surface distribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in polarized epithelial cells (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-11-08
    Description: Restriction of sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K(+)-ATPase) to either the apical or basal-lateral membrane domain of polarized epithelial cells is fundamental to vectorial ion and solute transport in many tissues and organs. A restricted membrane distribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells was found experimentally to be generated by preferential retention of active enzyme in the basal-lateral membrane domain and selective inactivation and loss from the apical membrane domain, rather than by vectorial targeting of newly synthesized protein from the Golgi complex to the basal-lateral membrane domain. These results show how different distributions of the same subunits of Na+,K(+)-ATPase may be generated in normal polarized epithelial and in disease states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hammerton, R W -- Krzeminski, K A -- Mays, R W -- Ryan, T A -- Wollner, D A -- Nelson, W J -- GM 35527/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 8;254(5033):847-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1658934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Communication ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*enzymology/physiology ; *Cell Polarity ; Dogs ; Epithelium/enzymology/physiology ; Kinetics ; Ouabain/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*metabolism
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  • 92
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    Structural basis for the activation of glycogen phosphorylase b by adenosine monophosphate (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: The three-dimensional structure of the activated state of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) as induced by adenosine monophosphate (AMP) has been determined from crystals of pyridoxalpyrophosphoryl-GP. The same quaternary changes relative to the inactive conformation as those induced by phosphorylation are induced by AMP, although the two regulatory signals function through different local structural mechanisms. Moreover, previous descriptions of the phosphorylase active state have been extended by demonstrating that, on activation, the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains of GP rotate apart by 5 degrees, thereby increasing access of substrates to the catalytic site. The structure also reveals previously unobserved interactions with the nucleotide that accounts for the specificity of the nucleotide binding site for AMP in preference to inosine monophosphate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sprang, S R -- Withers, S G -- Goldsmith, E J -- Fletterick, R J -- Madsen, N B -- R01 DK26081/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK31507/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1367-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9050.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1962195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Monophosphate/*pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Enzyme Activation ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphorylase b/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Pyridoxal Phosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Activity and distribution of binding sites in brain of a nonpeptide substance P (NK1) receptor antagonist (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-25
    Description: CP-96,345, a nonpeptide substance P antagonist, is selective for the tachykinin NK1 receptor. The compound binds to a single population of sites in guinea pig brain and potently inhibits substance P-induced excitation of locus ceruleus neurons. CP-96,345 should be a useful tool for studying the action of substance P in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLean, S -- Ganong, A H -- Seeger, T F -- Bryce, D K -- Pratt, K G -- Reynolds, L S -- Siok, C J -- Lowe, J A 3rd -- Heym, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):437-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Central Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1703324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Biphenyl Compounds/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Brain/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Guinea Pigs ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tachykinin ; Spectrophotometry ; Substance P/metabolism ; Tachykinins/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Targets for cell cycle arrest by the immunosuppressant rapamycin in yeast (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: FK506 and rapamycin are related immunosuppressive compounds that block helper T cell activation by interfering with signal transduction. In vitro, both drugs bind and inhibit the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) proline rotamase. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells treated with rapamycin irreversibly arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. An FKBP-rapamycin complex is concluded to be the toxic agent because (i) strains that lack FKBP proline rotamase, encoded by FPR1, were viable and fully resistant to rapamycin and (ii) FK506 antagonized rapamycin toxicity in vivo. Mutations that conferred rapamycin resistance altered conserved residues in FKBP that are critical for drug binding. Two genes other than FPR1, named TOR1 and TOR2, that participate in rapamycin toxicity were identified. Nonallelic noncomplementation between FPR1, TOR1, and TOR2 alleles suggests that the products of these genes may interact as subunits of a protein complex. Such a complex may mediate nuclear entry of signals required for progression through the cell cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heitman, J -- Movva, N R -- Hall, M N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):905-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1715094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Cycle/*drug effects ; Cyclosporins/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; G1 Phase/drug effects ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Mutation ; Polyenes/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*cytology/drug effects ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus ; Tacrolimus ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Energy transfer between two peptides bound to one MHC class II molecule (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-04
    Description: The 17-amino acid peptide from chicken ovalbumin, Ova(323-339), was labeled at the amino terminus with fluorescein [FOva(323-339)] and near the carboxyl terminus with Texas Red [AcOva(323-338)KTR]. Fluorescence spectroscopy was carried out on resolved electrophoretic bands on nonreducing polyacrylamide gels derived from incubation mixtures containing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules IAd and the FOva(323-339)- and AcOva(323-338)KTR-labeled peptides. Energy transfer between fluorescein and Texas Red was observed in the "floppy" alpha beta heterodimer band, but not in the "compact" alpha beta heterodimer band. Energy transfer was detected between the truncated peptides FOva(323-328)CONH2 and AcOva(331-338)KTR in both the compact alpha beta and floppy alpha beta gel bands. The energy-transfer data suggest that the two binding sites of floppy alpha beta arise from splitting apart a putative large, single binding site region in compact alpha beta.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tampe, R -- Clark, B R -- McConnell, H M -- 2R37 AI 13587-16/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):87-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stauffer Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1656526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Energy Transfer ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/chemistry/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Ovalbumin/chemistry ; Peptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Effect of deleting the R domain on CFTR-generated chloride channels (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-07-12
    Description: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which forms adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated chloride channels, is defective in patients with cystic fibrosis. This protein contains two putative nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) and an R domain. CFTR in which the R domain was deleted (CFTR delta R) conducted chloride independently of the presence of cAMP. However, sites within CFTR other than those deleted also respond to cAMP, because the chloride current of CFTR delta R increased further in response to cAMP stimulation. In addition, deletion of the R domain suppressed the inactivating effect of a mutation in NBD2 (but not NBD1), a result which suggests that NBD2 interacts with the channel through the R domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rich, D P -- Gregory, R J -- Anderson, M P -- Manavalan, P -- Smith, A E -- Welsh, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 12;253(5016):205-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1712985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; Cystic Fibrosis ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Electric Conductivity ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/chemistry/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    A novel, highly stable fold of the immunoglobulin binding domain of streptococcal protein G (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-09
    Description: The high-resolution three-dimensional structure of a single immunoglobulin binding domain (B1, which comprises 56 residues including the NH2-terminal Met) of protein G from group G Streptococcus has been determined in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on the basis of 1058 experimental restraints. The average atomic root-mean-square distribution about the mean coordinate positions is 0.27 angstrom (A) for the backbone atoms, 0.65 A for all atoms, and 0.39 A for atoms excluding disordered surface side chains. The structure has no disulfide bridges and is composed of a four-stranded beta sheet, on top of which lies a long helix. The central two strands (beta 1 and beta 4), comprising the NH2- and COOH-termini, are parallel, and the outer two strands (beta 2 and beta 3) are connected by the helix in a +3x crossover. This novel topology (-1, +3x, -1), coupled with an extensive hydrogen-bonding network and a tightly packed and buried hydrophobic core, is probably responsible for the extreme thermal stability of this small domain (reversible melting at 87 degrees C).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gronenborn, A M -- Filpula, D R -- Essig, N Z -- Achari, A -- Whitlow, M -- Wingfield, P T -- Clore, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 9;253(5020):657-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1871600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/immunology ; Binding Sites ; Calorimetry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Immunoglobulin G ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation
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  • 98
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    Novel fold and putative receptor binding site of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates the development of and the cytotoxic activity of white blood cells. Recombinant human GM-CSF has proven useful in the treatment of blood disorders. The structure of GM-CSF, which was determined at 2.4 angstrom resolution by x-ray crystallography, has a novel fold combining a two-stranded antiparallel beta sheet with an open bundle of four alpha helices. Residues implicated in receptor recognition, which are distant in the primary sequence, are on adjacent alpha helices in the folded protein. A working model for the receptor binding site is presented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diederichs, K -- Boone, T -- Karplus, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1779-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1837174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/*chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/*chemistry/metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Atomic structure of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase: prototype for a structurally novel flavoenzyme family (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-04
    Description: The three-dimensional structure of spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (NADP+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) has been determined by x-ray diffraction at 2.6 angstroms (A) resolution and initially refined to an R factor of 0.226 at 2.2 A resolution. The model includes the flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) prosthetic group and the protein chain from residue 19 through the carboxyl terminus at residue 314 and is composed of two domains. The FAD binding domain (residues 19 to 161) has an antiparallel beta barrel core and a single alpha helix for binding the pyrophosphate of FAD. The NADP binding domain (residues 162 to 314) has a central five-strand parallel beta sheet and six surrounding helices. Binding of the competitive inhibitor 2'-phospho-AMP (AMP, adenosine monophosphate) places the NADP binding site at the carboxyl-terminal edge of the sheet in a manner similar to the nucleotide binding of the dehydrogenase family. The structures reveal the key residues that function in cofactor binding and the catalytic center. With these key residues as a guide, conclusive evidence is presented that the ferredoxin reductase structure is a prototype for the nicotinamide dinucleotide and FAD binding domains of the enzymes NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, NADPH-sulfite reductase, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, and NADH-nitrate reductase. Thus this structure provides a structural framework for the NADH- or NADPH-dependent flavoenzyme parts of five distinct enzymes involved in photosynthesis, in the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur, in fatty-acid oxidation, in the reduction of methemoglobin, and in the metabolism of many pesticides, drugs, and carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karplus, P A -- Daniels, M J -- Herriott, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 4;251(4989):60-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1986412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase/*chemistry ; Ferredoxins/metabolism ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; NADP/metabolism ; Nucleotides/metabolism ; Plants/enzymology ; Protein Conformation ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-21
    Description: The tumor-suppressor gene p53 is altered by missense mutation in numerous human malignancies. However, the biochemical properties of p53 and the effect of mutation on these properties are unclear. A human DNA sequence was identified that binds specifically to wild-type human p53 protein in vitro. As few as 33 base pairs were sufficient to confer specific binding. Certain guanines within this 33-base pair region were critical, as methylation of these guanines or their substitution with thymine-abrogated binding. Human p53 proteins containing either of two missense mutations commonly found in human tumors were unable to bind significantly to this sequence. These data suggest that a function of p53 may be mediated by its ability to bind to specific DNA sequences in the human genome, and that this activity is altered by mutations that occur in human tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kern, S E -- Kinzler, K W -- Bruskin, A -- Jarosz, D -- Friedman, P -- Prives, C -- Vogelstein, B -- CA06973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA33620/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 21;252(5013):1708-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methylation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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