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  • Artikel  (62)
  • 42.80  (33)
  • Lepidoptera  (28)
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  • Springer  (62)
  • La Paz: Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD)
  • 1980-1984  (62)
  • 1982  (62)
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  • Artikel  (62)
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  • Springer  (62)
  • La Paz: Institute for Advanced Development Studies (INESAD)
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  • 1980-1984  (62)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 32 ; 42.80 ; 33 ; 82 ; 34
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 373-381 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 52
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We investigated noise and fluctuations of the output power of cataphoretic HeSe+ lasers in positive column plasma. Direct coupling of laser output power noise and fluctuations of the local population inversion was found. An investigation of the positive column plasma showed moving striations being responsible for the gain fluctuations. Whereas the local plasma properties are dominated by high frequency striations in the 100 kHz range, integrated quantities such as laser gain per pass are most strongly influenced by low-frequency waves with a continuous noise spectrum below 200 kHz. External modulation of the discharge voltage or current at a frequency near thehf striations reduces laser noise and increases laser output power.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 383-390 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.10 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The validity of 2-D coupled-wave theory is investigated for the case of Bragg diffraction of a Gaussian beam by a thick unslanted phase grating in transmission mode. Fourier plane wave decomposition theory, as presented in a companion article, is used to test 2-D coupled-wave theory under circumstances when its validity is in question, namely when the incident distribution is very narrow or fast-varying, or when the parameterv o, due to Kogelnik (1969), which is proportional to the product of coupling rate and grating thickness, is very large. Numerical evaluations of the field patterns at output from the grating, obtained using plane-wave decomposition, are used to explore the effect of the gradual violation of the conditions (from the previous article) under which 2-D coupled-wave theory is valid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 263-267 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The duration, shape, and background intensity level of pulses of a passively modelocked Nd-glass laser are determined by noncollinear phase-matched four-photon frequency mixing of time-separated fundamental and second-harmonic pulses in a KI crystal. The pulse shape is found to be slightly asymmetric with slower trailing than rising parts. The background intensity level before and behind the main pulse is about 5¢10−6 the peak pulse intensity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 85.60 ; 42.80 ; 42.55 ; 33
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 43-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 32
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper analyses the slight change undergone by the polarization of a laser beam performing a multipass between two spherical mirrors facing each other. We replace the general 16-parameter Mueller formalism by an approximate 7-parameter one, and we give a quantitative experimental criterion for the validity of this approximation. Then we apply this formalism to the analysis of our experimental data. The results evidence:i) intrinsic birefringence in the mirror coatings (typical value per reflexion ∼2 to 4×10−4 rad);ii) birefringence due to off-normal incidence (typically 3.6×10−5 rad per reflexion for an incidence of 2×10−2 rad);iii) optical rotation, of purely geometrical origin (typically 14° for a multipass with revolution symmetry and 100 forward-backward passes under constant incidencei=2°);iv) no observable circular dichroism (≲10−6). Finally these results are discussed in connection with possible associated systematics in a parity violation experiment which motivated this work.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33 ; 34 ; 36 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 33 ; 42.80 ; 07.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A sub-Doppler spectroscopic technique involving the detection of vibrational energy transfer in excited molecules with selected velocity components at a microphone diaphragm is demonstrated. The technique is applied to the investigation of thev 3 R(16) transition in HCN and the results compared with a previously derived theoretical model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 68 ; 42.70 ; 42.60 ; 61.70 ; 61.50 ; 42.80 ; 29
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 349-353 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.82
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Various methods for the recording of blazed holographic diffraction gratings are presented and the regions in the wavelength-groove density plane for which they can be used are shown. The gratings are made in the positive photoresist Shipley AZ-1350. The diffraction efficiency for s and p polarization was measured as a function of wavelength and angle of incidence. An absolute efficiency of 80% was achieved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 359-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.30 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, the general formulations of the apparent transfer function for the partially coherent optical processor will be derived. Although these formulas show that the apparent transfer function is dependent upon the degree of spatial and temporal coherence, there is actually more variability in the spatial coherence. We note that the obtained formulas may also be used as a criterion in the selection of source size and spectral bandwidth of an incoherent light source. Thus a specific optical information processing operation can be carried out with an incoherent source.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 63-65 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A time standard based on the use of an optical oscillation period of a frequencystable He−Ne laser as a time scale is first described. We obtained highly frequency-stable oscillations in the SHF range that were locked to the oscillations of a He−Ne laser stabilized to an absorption resonance in methane at 3.39 μm. A direct comparison of frequency stabilities of a rubidium standard and He−Ne/CH4 laser has been made. The absolute measurement of the frequency of the He−Ne/CH4 laser we performed gave a new value of frequency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82 ; 78.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The mechanism of intramolecular energy transfer in two bifluorophoric laser dyes has been investigated by measurements of laser parameters, excited state absorption and phosphorescence spectra. The new value found for the dimethyl-POPOP triplet energy (48.0 kcal/mole) accounts for the different behaviour of the two classes of bifluorophoric dyes used in this investigation.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.55
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.65
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 86 ; 70L ; 07.60 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we report on a differential absorption technique using a CO2 waveguide laser. The method is based on the measurement of the differential absorption between two different frequencies of the same selected CO2 laser line. The sensitivity of the technique depends strongly on the total pressure and has been estimated to be about a few tens of ppb or better over a 1 km path length in C2H4 diluted with air to a total pressure of a few tens of torrs. Its relative simplicity and high sensitivity at low total pressure enable this technique to be applied to gas detection either at high altitude or to local monitoring of a low pressure sample.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 279-285 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 07.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The minimum absorption detectable by a tunable diode laser spectrometer utilising harmonic techniques is often limited by interference fringes generated by scattered light. The sensitivity of the spectrometer to absorption can be increased by applying a jitter modulation. In this paper, the theory of harmonic response for single- and two-tone modulation over optical fringes and Lorentzian absorption lines is developed and compared to experimental measurements. A simple analytic expression for the two-tone harmonic line shape is derived. This expression provides a physical understanding of the effects of the second modulation, and a means to unravel the effects of the second modulation on the linewidth and line shape. For a specific choice of the jitter frequency and phase, it is possible to simultaneously minimise the fringe signal and increase the harmonic absorption signal. The results of this investigation are applicable to trace gas detection using tunable diode lasers, and to other areas of spectroscopy and magnetic resonance where harmonic techniques are used.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 79-87 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.50 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract By use of circularly polarized light we have exploited optical pumping within the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state to obtain optical bistability in sodium vapours with low threshold power (around 1 mW) and a wide tuning range (〉12 GHz). Experimental results are presented for different conditions of operation and compared to computer calculations, that include propagation effects and inhomogeneous broadening, based on a three-level atomic model that accounts for optical pumping.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 06 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of fluctuations in the pulse duration of synchronously pumped modelocked pulse trains on excite and probe measurements is discussed. Relaxation times comparable with the pulse durations can be measured even when large pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in duration exist. The pump and probe pulse durations are assumed to be correlated. When the probe pulses are the second harmonic of the pump, or vice versa, the third harmonic must also be generated to permit deconvolution of experimental excite and probe data. When the pump and probe pulses have the same time dependence, the excite and probe curves consist of the desired response function convolved with the time-averaged second harmonic autocorrelation function which is easily measured. Deconvolution yields the relaxation time but fluctuations in pulse duration increase the root-mean-square voltage fluctuation at the output of the detector system and limit the accuracy with which the relaxation time can be calculated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 36 ; 42.80 ; 52
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 211-213 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 06 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The use of the depth discriminination property of the confocal scanning microscope for surface profiling has been adapted to provide a method of high-resolution three-dimensional surface profilometry. Measurements on a semiconductor specimen demonstrate the technique; depth variations of the order of 0.1 μm are clearly resolved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 99-104 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.30 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A relation between spatial coherence function and source encoding intensity transmittance function is presented. Since the spatial coherence is depending upon the information processing operation, a strictly broad spatial coherence function may not be required for the processing. The advantage of the source encoding is to relax the constraints of strict coherence requirement, so that the processing operation can be carried out with an extended incoherent source. Emphasis of the source encodings and experimental demonstrations are given. The constraint of temperal coherence requirement is also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 63-72 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.10 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Two rival techniques used in the analysis of Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional light beams by thick unslanted phase gratings, namely Fourier plane wave decomposition and 2-D coupled-wave theory, are compared. The advantages and regions of applicability of each are discussed, and the conditions found under which they yield identical results. In particular, the results of plane-wave decomposition are used to provide quantitative conditions for validity of 2-D coupled-wave theory. These conditions are not easily derived using any other technique, and set quantitative limits to how narrow or fast-varying the incident distribution may be before 2-D coupled-wave theory fails. It is also shown that 2-D coupled-wave theory is inadequate when the parameterv 0, due to Kogelnik (1969), which is proportional to the product of coupling rate and grating thickness, is very large.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 42.65 ; 34 ; 42.55 ; 42.70 ; 78
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.55 ; 36.20 ; 36.10 ; 02 ; 36 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 33 ; 36 ; 36.10 ; 14 ; 32
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 42.70 ; 42.55 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 52 ; 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 51
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 229-233 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 77 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The dielectric constant of a PbTe epitaxial layer has been measured by surface wave spectroscopy using an optically pumped far-infrared laser and the technique of attenuated total reflection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 35-38 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 72.40 ; 78.20
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Undoped tellurium single crystals show at low temperatures (2.2 K) strong photoeffect under submillimeter irradiation. Therefore, tellurium was used as a FIR-detector. For a comparison with other detectors signal-to-noise ratio, response time, and noise equivalent power were determined. Tests were carried out with HCN-laser radiation (λ = 337 μm,≈ν = 30 cm- t). The sensitivity of the Tc-photoconductor is comparable to that of a TGS-bolometer but lower than that of a Ge-bolometer. The Te-detector is much faster than the bolometers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 95-97 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.80 ; 62
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The coupling constant of common or thin-layered-piezoelectric interdigital transducers for surface acoustic waves up to the highest frequencies can be determined in an optical way with reproducibility better than 3%. Being a nondestructive and noncontact method one can apply it in the technological process for fabricating uniform piezoelectric layered transducers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 78.20 ; 81 ; 42.80
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The changes in reflectivity of a silicon surface, irradiated by a green picosecond pulse, are probed during and following that pulse with a spatial resolution of 10 μm. The data indicate the development of a liquid phase, and a resolidification either into a single crystal or an amorphous phase. The latter has a characteristic ring-type pattern, and occurs only at locations where the incident picosecond laser fluence lies between 0.2 and 0.26 J/cm2. The reflectivity data appear to be in good quantitative agreement with a “simple heating” model, in which the electrons and phonons maintain a local thermodynamic equilibrium on a picosecond time scale.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 45-51 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): 42.10 ; 42.80 ; 78.20
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Radiation induced losses and the recovery behavior of several optical fibers have been determined by in situ steady state and by pulse measurements in a nuclear reactor. Agreement with the literature was found for Suprasil and Fibropsil core fibers in ionizing radiation, but our results on Suprasil-W core fibers show an appreciably higher radiation hardness of this material than reported elsewhere. Additionally, increased long term losses were observed, when the mixed radiation flux contained a noticeable content of neutrons.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1251-1262 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Adoxophyes orana ; pheromone traps ; attraction ; interaction ; trap spacing ; wind ; monitoring ; mass trapping
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In a spindle-tree apple orchard, sex pheromone traps for the summerfruit tortrix moth were distributed at different spacings. From the captures, information was derived about influence of prevailing wind direction and of trap spacing on interactions between traps. Prevailing wind direction in the experimental area had no appreciable influence on trap interaction, perhaps because of eddying within the planting. The relationship between density and capture of traps was first considered theoretically and interaction by overlap of active-space areas was distinguished from that by overlap of mere capturing areas, which depend also on distance of dispersal. The actual results were in accordance with these considerations and indicated that the diameter of the active-space areas averaged 15 m. The variation in the captures of the wider-spaced traps was too large to be conclusive about the average width of the capturing areas, but the diameter of these seemed to be more than about 45 m. These data have been related to adequate trap distances for monitoring and mass trapping.
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1429-1436 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Heliothis zea ; bioassay ; host plant resistance mechanisms ; allelochemicals
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Maysin, a flavone glycoside from corn silks, inhibits ingestion, and thus growth, ofHeliothis zea (Boddie) larvae. Pinitol from soybeans inhibitedH. zea growth by the same mechanism. Despite the widely held assumption that tannins inhibit growth by inhibiting assimilation, cotton condensed tannin inhibitedH. zea growth by reducing ingestion; no evidence was found for a reduction in assimilation. Neonate larvae are shown to be much more sensitive to allelochemics than larvae that have fed on control diet before being transferred to diet containing plant allelochemics.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 351-362 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Choristoneura occidentalis ; western spruce budworm ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; pheromone chemistry ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; capillary GC-MS ; (E/Z)-11-tetradecenal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract SCOT capillary Chromatographic and SCOT capillary chromatographic-mass spectrometic analyses of gland washes and effluvia of virgin femaleChoristoneura occidentalis Free, have been conducted with both a diapausing and nondiapausing strain of this insect. The following compounds were identified in gland washes and effluvia in both strains:E andZ11–14∶Ald,E andZ11–14∶Ac,E andZ11–14∶OH and 14∶Ald, 14∶Ac, and 14∶OH. The average aldehyde: acetate: alcohol ratio found by analysis of single glands by virgin females (nondiapausing strain) was 1∶7∶0.73. Analysis of virgin female effluvia gave this ratio as 10∶3∶8 (diapausing strain: %Z=8, 11, 15, respectively) and 10∶3∶6 (nondiapausing strain: %Z=8, 11, 12, respectively). The saturated components were generally 1–2% of theE isomer in each case. Comparisons of EAG responses of bothC. occidentalis andC. fumiferana toE11–14∶Ald,E11–14∶Ac andE11–14∶OH were made. Correlations with both laboratory and field data previously published were also made betweenC. fumiferana andC. occidentalis.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 493-506 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.) ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; mating disruption ; sex attraction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Male spruce budworm [Chorisloneura fumiferana (Clem.)] moths were held for 3 hr in a wind tunnel and subjected to various concentrations of background synthetic pheromone. They were then exposed to calling females and their response was recorded. The background pheromone was presented either as discrete turbulent plumes or as a uniform permeation throughout the tunnel. The numbers of males wing-fanning and flying in response to the calling females decreased as the concentration of background pheromone increased. Of the males which flew, a higher proportion progressed upwind in the discrete plumes than in the uniform permeation, an indication that structure in the pheromone cloud is necessary for upwind progression. In both discrete plumes and uniform permeation fewer males were able to locate the females (i.e., disruption was greater) as the concentration of synthetic pheromone increased, but for the same total release rates, disruption was greater when the synthetic pheromone was released in discrete plumes rather than in a uniform permeation. This implies that disruption which involves luring males to sources of synthetic pheromone is more effective than masking female plumes by uniform permeation and suggests that it is more efficient to release pheromone from a few potent sources than from numerous low-potency sources.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Monarch butterfly ; Asclepias spp. ; monooxygenase ; induction ; cardenolide ; aldrin epoxidation ; p-chloro-N-methylanilme demethylation ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Monarch butterfly larvae were examined for NADPH-dependent monooxygenase activities. Midgut and fat body homogenates catalyzed aldrin epoxidation andp-chloro-N-methylanilineN-demethylation at consistently low rates compared to many other lepidopteran larvae. Homogenates from larvae collected from four different milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) with quite different cardenolide contents had similar levels of activity. There were no detectable variations in activity due to season or year of collection.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 731-754 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Alkenylcompounds ; pheromones ; chemotaxonomy ; decenyl dodecenyl ; tetradecenyl ; hexadecenyl ; trapping ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sex attractants known for 145 species of noctuid moths have many common features both as to chemical constituents and to their relationships in blends. The great majority of constituents are straight-chain (Z)-alkenols, -alkenals, or -alkenyl acetates of even carbon number (10 through 16). The unsaturation is nonterminal in odd-numbered positions (5 through 11). In effective lures, these components are blended in specific ratios and the components in a sex pheromone or sex attractant blend are structurally related by “one-change” steps. This means that any blend component differs from one or more other components by a single structural alteration, such as a change in double bond position, or a change in carbon chain length, or a change in the oxygen function. For the few multicomponent systems known in detail, the central place in the “one-change” framework is occupied by the predominant blend component. Different patterns of occurrence of lure components occur in the subfamilies Acronictinae, Noctuinae, Hadeninae, Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae, Heliothidinae, Plusiinae, Acontiinae, and Pantheinae, and some subfamilies are as yet without known lures. Some guiding principles for elucidation of blend compositions for unstudied species are presented; these guidelines can also be used in improvement of some synthetic blends of unsatisfactory quality.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 837-842 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): 2-Tridecanone ; structure-activity relationships ; Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum C.M. Mull ; Heliothis zea (Boddie) ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Toxicity bioassays of the naturally occurring insecticide 2-tridecanone and a group of structural analogs against the tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea) reveal a significant influence of chain length on toxicity of methyl ketones. This effect may be due to the differential ability of these compounds to penetrate lipid barriers and reach the active site, since a close relationship is seen between toxicity and lipophilicity. Congeners of chain lenths 15 and over are less active than predicted by this relationship, possibly due to steric effects.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1125-1132 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Peachtree borer ; Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) ; Lepidoptera ; Sessiidae ; oviposition stimulant ; peach ; Prunus persica
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Peachtree borer (PTB) cocoons, peach tree bark, and a mixture of frass and gum obtained arount PTB wounds were extracted with organic solvents of increasing polarity. Female PTB moths,Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), laid the greatest number of eggs on filter paper substrates treated with acetone extracts of PTB cocoons, ethyl acetate extracts of peach tree bark and acetone extracts of frass and gum mixtures. The extracts of cocoons or frass and gum mixture were separated by liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1183-1191 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Kairomone ; contact chemicals ; arrestant ; host seeking ; Eucelatoria bryani ; Diptera ; Tachinidae ; Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; parasitoid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Factors acting at contact or close range affected the behavior associated with host seeking of females, but not of males, of the tachinid,Eucelatoria bryani Sabrosky. Females were arrested by components of larvae ofHeliothis virescens (F.) and by a dichloromethane extract of okra leaves. A hexane extract ofH. virescens frass and a chloroform-methanol extract ofH. virescens larvae were both active. In addition to chemicals, shape and size were involved because females were arrested by small inert objects the size ofH. virescens larvae and frass.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 7 (1982), S. 207-228 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): Batoids ; Chondrichthyes ; Costa Rica ; Elasmobranchs ; Euryhalinity ; Freshwater adaptation ; Growth rate ; Isolation of population ; Nicaragua
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Synopsis Of a total of 377 Pristis perotteti tagged in the Lake Nicaragua-Río San Juan System, 214 (56.8% were recovered. Eighty were recovered at the original tagging site; four moved downstream the full length of the river; and 127 tagged at the source of the river were recovered in all parts of the lake. Only one was recovered in a different river system, 58 km down the coast from the main mouth of the Río San Juan. A life span of 30 years is suggested, with rapid growth (30–40 cm per year) in the first three years, slowing to about 4 or 5 cm per year in the later years of life. Maximum sizes collected were 384 cm for males, 429 cm for females, smaller than maximum lengths reported elsewhere. The lake sawfish are not physically landlocked, but individuals remain in fresh water for very long periods; parturition takes place in fresh water; all sizes are found in the lake; and it appears that this stock finds all of its ecological needs met in the lake. Individuals may spend all of their lives in fresh water, although, as a species, P. perotteti has not completely abandoned the sea, since some are known to occur in salt water. The Lake Nicaragua-Río San Juan sawfish are a discrete stock, with only limited gene flow with neighboring stocks. P. perotteti is farther along in its adaptation to fresh water, in being able both to osmoregulate and reproduce there, than other known euryhaline elasmobranchs, except for the African stingray, Dasyatis garouaensis, of the Niger-Benue System, and the completely adapted South American freshwater rays (family Potamotrygonidae).
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 31-39 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Malacosoma americanum ; eastern tent caterpillar ; Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae ; trail pheromone ; pheromone secretory site ; silk trail
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A new site of secretion of a chemical trail marker was found on the sternum at the tip of the last abdominal segment of the larva of the eastern tent caterpillarMalacosoma americanum. Larvae marked from this site by drawing their sterna along the substrate when they extended existing trails in search of food and again when they established recruitment trails to food-finds. Differences in the quantity or quality of the marker deposited by exploring and recruiting caterpillars may account for the greater activity of the recruitment trails.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 267-273 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; pheromone ; mating behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Two components of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), sex pheromone, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (DDA) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (TDA), were tested alone and in combination to determine their effects on male sexual response and inhibition of mating in the laboratory. The threshold response for FAW males was lower for TDA than for DDA, and males responded to TDA over a wider range of dosages. Although TDA is not attractive to FAW males in the field, this compound was highly effective in reducing mating under laboratory conditions.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Pseudaletia separata ; male scent ; repellent pheromone ; repellent allomone ; nonspecificity ; sexual selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Air movement around a malePseudaletia separata Walker, observed using the smoke of an incense stick during wing-fanning, showed that the air moves away from the female and backwards. Moths moved or flew away immediately when vaporized benzaldehyde was blown over their antennae in a screen cage set in a greenhouse. This repellency lacked species, sex, or individual specificity. Male scent acts as an inhibitor to conspecific males and, at the same time, to other moths if they approach the male in courtship. Inhibition of ovipositional and larval locomotory behavior by benzaldehyde was also demonstrated.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Agrotis segetum ; turnip moth ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; straight-chain acetates ; single-cell recordings ; electroantennography ; behavior ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; entrainment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Analysis of female abdominal tips ofAgrotis segetum by means of GC-MS showed the presence of 13 aliphatic acetates and alcohols. (Z)-7-Dodecenyl acetate was found to be the main component in the extracts at amounts of about 1 ng/female. (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenol were present to the extent of 49 and 19%, respectively, of the main component. Minor components could be identified as decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, dodecyl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, a tetradecenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, a hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenol, and (Z)-9-tetradecenol. The presence and biological activity of decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate in the extracts could be detected by GC-EAD. Tested by EAG (Z)-5-decenyl acetate evoked the highest response among pheromone candidates, followed by (E)-5-decenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate. Single-cell recordings from 100 male antennal sensilla trichodea revealed receptorcells highly sensitive to (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, (Z)-8-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate as well as (Z)-5-decenol. The (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate receptors were activated significantly also by female extracts. When tested in a tube olfactometer, a blend of decyl, (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate evoked the same male response as did female glands. Tested in the field, this blend was more attractive than virgin females. Other authors previously reported many of the compounds identified in the present study. However, both quantitative and qualitative discrepancies exist among the various investigations, possibly due to the existence of geographical races.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Smaller tea tortrix moth ; Adoxophyes sp. ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; asymmetric induction ; 10-methyl-1-dodecanol acetate ; ester ; chirality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A new route to (±)-10-methyl-1-dodecanol acetate, a minor component of the smaller tea tortrix moth (Adoxophyes sp.), is described. An optional sequence that permits the generation of the chiral center with enantiomeric excesses (ee's) as high as 74% (R) or 80% (S) employing the available (S)-(−)-prolinol as a chiral auxiliary may be included. High-performance liquid chromatography of diastereomeric intermediates allows preparation of products with greater ee's.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; carbohydrates ; sucrose ; feeding preference ; behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Spruce budworm larvae reared on an artificial diet were tested for preference of twelve carbohydrates over a water control. A strong preference for sucrose was seen, followed by fructose, inositol, and glucose. Male and female larvae do not differ in their responses to sucrose. The behavioral threshold for sucrose is at 10−4 to 10−3 M, with a peak response in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 M sucrose.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Western avocado leafroller ; Amorbia cuneana ; sex pheromone ; Tortricidae ; (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; Lepidoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The major volatile components in the extract of the female sex pheromone gland ofAmorbia cuneana consisted of (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates. The identification was based on electroantennogram bioassay of gas Chromatographic effluent from sex pheromone gland extract, relative retention times on polar and nonpolar gas chromatographic columns, chemical degradation (ozonolysis, saponification), mass spectrometry, chemical synthetic methods, and field tests. Based on mass spectrometry and retention times by capillary gas chromatography, traces of (E)-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and 1-tetradecanol acetate were also present in the extract. Traps baited with a combination of synthetic (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates caught more males than did traps baited with females.
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1455-1462 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Efficacy ; electroantennogram ; looplure ; response threshold ; sex attractant ; trapping ; Trichoplusia ni ; Pseudoplusia includens ; Rachiplusia ou ; pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Source concentration differences of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate, or looplure, were evaluated for field trapping efficiency and electrophysiological responses with malePseudoplusia includens (Walker),Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) andRachiplusia ou (Guenné) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sticky traps baited with 1000 μg of the lure captured a significantly greater (P 〈 0.05) number of maleP. includens andT. ni than any other concentration;R. ou males were caught at a greater rate in traps baited with 100 μg of looplure, significantly more (P 〈 0.05) than with 1000 μg. Electroantennogram (EAG) studies demonstrated that antennae of maleP. includens have a lower response threshold to looplure than eitherT. ni orR. ou antennae, the latter demonstrating the highest significant threshold of response. No differences in the stimulus-response functions of the three species were detected.
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 383-396 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Insect sex pheromone ; fall webworm moth ; American white moth ; Hyphantria cunea ; salt march caterpillar moth ; Estigmene acrea ; Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae ; (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal ; linolealdehyde ; (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal ; linolenaldehyde ; (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Three compounds have been identified as sex pheromone components produced by female fall webworm moths,Hyphantria cunea (Drury). These compounds are: (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal (I), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal (II), and (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene (III). The ratio of these compounds was approximately 5∶6∶13, respectively, in female tip extracts prepared from U.S.S.R, insects and approximately 1∶8∶21, respectively, in extracts from U.S. insects. The ratio in female effluvia trapped from U.S. insects was 1∶6∶27, respectively. Compound III plus either I or II is effective in eliciting upwind flight in a wind tunnel. Compounds I, II, and III are also components of the sex pheromone system of the saltmarsh caterpillar moth,Estigmene acrea (Drury).
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 397-408 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex attractant ; (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate ; inhibitor ; Synergist ; lure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract (E)-10-Dodecen-1-yl acetate (E10–12∶Ac) and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ylacetate (E,E8,10–12∶Ac) are sex attractants for males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.). Thirty-two structurally related compounds with chain lengths of 9–14 carbon atoms were exposed withE10–12∶Ac orE,E8,10–12∶Ac in traps in the field to investigate their influence on the activity of the attractants. Only alchols and acetates unsaturated at C-8, -9, or -10 greatly influenced moth captures. (Z) and (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol were weak synergists forE10–12∶Ac but no synergists forE,E8,10–12∶Ac were found. (Z) and (E)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol inhibited bothE10–12∶Ac andE,E8,10–12∶Ac while (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol, 10-dodecyn-1-ol, (Z) and (E)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, and undecyl acetate inhibited only the former attractant.
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 507-515 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Almond moth ; Ephestia cautella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; stored products ; pest management ; behavior ; density ; flight
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The mating rate ofEphestia cautella (Walker) was inversely related to the level of pheromone permeating the air. However, permeation did not prevent mating by altering the number of females calling or the frequency, duration, or pattern of male flight. Instead, permeation probably prevented mating by reducing the distance from which a male can respond to a female. The pheromone level necessary to achieve a particular reduction in mating increases with moth density.
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 663-670 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pandemis heparana ; sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; insect behavior ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecenl-ol ; tetradecyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract 90% (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, 5% (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, 5% (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, dodecyl acetate (〈1%), and tetradecyl acetate (〈1%) were identified from gland extracts ofPandemis heparana females by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (including mass fragmentography studies), chemical characterization, total synthesis, laboratory and field bioassays. In the field, a mixture of (Z)-11-tetradecen-l-yl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-l-yl acetate (95∶5) was found to be essential for attractiveness ofP. heparana males.
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 755-762 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; Heliothis virescens ; tobacco budworm ; Heliothis zea ; bollworm ; virelure ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract None of the isolated degradation products of (Z)-11-hexadecenal [(Z)-11-HDAL] affected the catches of either tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] or bollworm [H. zea (Boddie)] moths when dispensed with pheromone from cotton dental rolls in cone traps. Also, none of the degradation products of (Z)-9-tetradecenal [(Z)-9-TDAL] had an effect on trap catches of tobacco budworm moths. Two of the three chemicals that have previously been identified in ovipositor washes of tobacco budworms but that are absent in those of bollworms caused a reduction in capture of bollworms: (Z)-9-TDAL (1.0 μg/trap) caused a 96% reduction in trap catch and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (20.0 μg/trap) caused a similar reduction. Tetradencenal (40 μg/trap) had no effect on trap catch.
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 843-850 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Kairomones ; 2-acylcyclohexane-1 ; 3-diones ; Ephestia keuhniella Zeller ; (syn.Anagasta kuehniella Zeller) ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Nemeritis canescens (Grav.) (syn.Venturia canescens (Grav.)) ; Ephestia cautella (Wlk.) ; Ephestia elutella (Hubner) ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) ; oviposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract 2-Acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones, a novel class of compounds in the larval mandibular glands ofEphestia(=Anagasta) kuehniella Zeller, act as kairomones. Their relative activities in eliciting oviposition responses from the larval parasiteNemeritis(=Venturia) canescens (Grav.) are reported.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Antennae ; esterases ; pheromone degradation ; cuticle ; olfaction ; cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Examination was made of the hydrolytic activities of esterases obtained from the antennae, legs, and wings of 3-day-old cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), by elution and by homogenation of those appendages. Pheromone hydrolysis in 1-min assays was monitored by use of tritium-labeled (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and thin-layer chromatography to separate the reaction products. Listed according to the activities of the esterases obtained by homogenation, the organs were antennae 〉 legs 〉 wings. In contrast, the order according to the activities of the eluted esterases was wings 〉 legs 〉 antennae. Also, the eluted enzymes were less active than the esterases obtained by homogenization. The relatively high pheromone-hydrolyzing activity present in homogenized antennae suggests that the esterases originated inside the antennae and lends support to the hypothesis proposed in earlier investigations that pheromone-inactivating enzymes may play an important role in the olfactory process, possibly by clearing pheromone from the vicinity of the olfactory receptors. The esterases detected on the cuticle, on the other hand, may function by preventing surface accumulation of pheromone. The higher measured esterase activity in homogenates of prothoracic legs than of mesothoracic or metathoracic legs suggests that the prothoracic legs, which are used to clean the antennae of debris, may function by removing and degrading pheromone from the surface of antennae.
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 923-933 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Aldehyde pheromone ; bioluminescence ; corn earworm ; Heliothis zea ; insect pheromone ; navel orangeworm ; Amyelois transitera ; western spruce budworm ; Choristoneura occidentalis ; spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; assay for aldehydes ; Pyralidae ; Noctuidae ; Tortricidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Pheromone levels in the glands of individual female moths of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), the western spruce budworm (C. occidentalis), the navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella), and the corn earworm (Heliothis zea) were quantitively measured by means of a new bacterial bioluminescence assay specific for aldehydes. The sensitivity and rapidity of the bioluminescent assay enabled studies to be conducted on the dependence of the pheromone levels in the spruce budworm on age and the effect of photoperiod on the pheromone levels in the corn earworm. The bioluminescence assay provides a rapid and sensitive approach for studying aldehyde pheromone levels and their regulation in insects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 935-945 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Aldehydes ; bioluminescence ; insect pheromones ; Porapak Q ; spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; (E)-11-tetradecenal ; trapping ; bioassay for aldehydes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A newly developed bioluminescent assay was used to measure quantitatively the amount of (E)-11-tetradecenal, the major component of the sex pheromone of the spruce budworm, trapped on Porapak Q®. The bioluminescent response was linearly related to the amount of aldehyde either deposited on the absorbent or trapped from an airstream. However, the recovery of pheromone from Porapak was dependent on whether the air was prefiltered (through Porapak) or taken directly from the atmosphere. Furthermore, pheromone on Porapak was lost with time during the flow of air through the absorbent, indicating that trapping of aldehyde pheromone should be conducted for short periods of time for optimal recoveries. The applicability of the assay system for the rapid and direct measurement of the release rates of aldehyde pheromone lures was demonstrated for pheromone lures used for baiting spruce budworm traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 973-980 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): (E, Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-yl acetate ; European grapevine moth ; Lobesia botrana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; photoisomerization ; conjugated diene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Photo- and radical isomerization of (E, Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (DDA) leads to an equilibrium mixture of all four possible geometric isomers of 7,9-DDA in the ratio ofE,E, 69–76%;Z,E, 11–13%;E, Z, 12–15%; andZ, Z, 1–3%. Iodine catalysis of the isomerization takes place even in dark at room temperature and is probably a radical reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1043-1055 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Z11-16:Ald ; 16:Ald ; Z9-14:Ald ; 14:Ald ; sex pheromone emission ; gland volatiles ; blend composition ; pheromone emission rates
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Sex pheromone gland volatiles from individualHeliothis virescens (F.) females were collected and analyzed on an SP-2330 capillary gas-liquid chromatography column for identification and quantification of the compounds emitted. Only four of the seven compounds previously reported as pheromone components appeared consistently in the volatile collections: 14:Ald, Z9-14:Ald, 16:Ald, and Z11-16:Ald. The female glands did not emit the same amounts of these compounds throughout a 24-hr period; they emitted maximum quantities between 6 and 11 hr after the onset of scotophase with the remainder of the photoperiod having minimal emission rates. Although the absolute quantities fluctuated, the percent compositions of the compounds remained about the same throughout the 24-hr period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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