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  • Articles  (299)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (270)
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  • 1980-1984  (299)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive material resembling vertebrate neuropeptides in the corpus cardiacum and corpus allatum of the insect Leucophaea moderae (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 319-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vertebrate-type neuropeptides ; Neuroendocrine system of insects ; Neurosecretion ; Peptidergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence and differential distribution of substances antigenically related to known vertebrate neuropeptides demonstrated within the corpus cardiacum of the insect Leucophaea are as follows: Of ten mammalian antisera tested, six yielded substantial immunoreactive deposits resembling oxytocin, somatostatin, Substance P, met-enkephalin, bombesin, and neurotensin, respectively. In the remaining four, the reaction was moderate (vasopressin, β-endorphin) or marginal (LH-RF, calcitonin). With regard to their regional distribution, these biochemically distinct reaction products seem to fall into two groups: (1) Materials resembling oxytocin, vasopressin, met-enkephalin, β-endorphin (and presumably also neurotensin and LH-RF) predominate in the central release area of the organ and are considered to be of extrinsic (cerebral) origin. (2) Substances localized primarily in areas rich in intrinsic glandular cells of the corpus cardiacum, and revealed by antisera raised against somatostatin, Substance P, and bombesin, are judged to be synthesized and stored within this organ. In peptidergic fibers entering the adjacent corpora allata, thus far Substance P-, β-endorphin-, and LH-RF-like immunoreactivities have been demonstrated. Some of these “new” neuropeptides may be contained in classical neurosecretory neurons, formerly identified by less specific methods, others must be assigned to additional peptidergic neurons heretofore unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214685
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of peptidergic cells in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis with an antiserum to the molluscan cardioactive tetrapeptide FMRF-amide (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 347-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Cardioactive peptide ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Neurohormone ; Neurotransmitter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With an antiserum to the molluscan cardioactive tetrapeptide FMRF-amide immunoreactive perikarya and nerve fibers were identified in the central and peripheral nervous system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Their localization is described. The same antiserum yielded reactive product in particular cells of the epithelium of the alimentary tract. The use of two different fixatives, glutaraldehyde, and a mixture of glutaraldehyde, picric acid, and acetic acid (GPA) showed that certain nerve cells can be identified only in material fixed with either the one or the other of these two fixatives, a result which indicates that in Lymnaea more than one FMRF-amide-like substance may occur. “Positive” axon endings were found in the periphery of various nerves, i.e., in places where neurohormones are released into the blood. Other fibers were found to end, probably synaptically, on other neurons, on epithelial cells in the stomach, and between muscle cells in various parts of the body, e.g., in the heart. In these cases the FMRF-amide-like substance may function as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214687
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive material resembling ovine prolactin in perikarya and nerve terminals of the rat hypothalamus (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat brain ; Hypothalamus ; Prolactin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of prolactin (PRL)-like material is demonstrated in the brain of rats with the aid of anti-ovine PRL (oPRL) IgG as primary antibody in the unlabeled antibody-enzyme method. Immunoreactive deposits are visualized as an intraneuronal constituent with a widespread distribution in the hypothalamus and neural lobe of the pituitary. Dense networks of reactive nerve terminals derived from two prominent fibre tracts, a ventral (VHT) and a dorsal hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract (DHT) are seen. The VHT is confined to the median eminence and pars oralis tuberis, the DHT to the pars caudalis tuberis. Both fibre tracts pass through the infundibular stalk into the neural lobe. The origin of the immunoreactive nerve terminals can be elucidated only to some extent. The VHT gives off beaded fibres entering the ependymal and glandular layer of the median eminence. Immunoreactive perikarya are observed in the supraoptic nucleus, the paraventricular nucleus, the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, the anterior commissural nucleus, the preoptic nucleus and the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis. A few of the immunoreactive perikarya are observed in close connection with brain vessels and the ependymal cells of the third ventricle. The results indicate that the anti-oPRL has a unique region specificity implying that only a segment of the mammalian PRL molecule is present in these nuclei of the brain. Fragments of PRL may function as neuromodulators or neurotransmitters in the rat brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217087
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemistry of gonadotropic cells and identification of cell types in ultrathin cryosections of the pituitary of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 177-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cryo-ultramicrotomy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Pituitary gland ; Gonadotropic cells ; Salmo gairdneri
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The most frequently occurring cell types in the pars distalis of the pituitary gland of the rainbow trout, (i) the lactotropic, (ii) the gonadotropic, and (iii) the somatotropic cells, were identified in cryosections. Their morphological characteristics were compared with those of Epon-embedded material. Cell location, cell form, position of the nucleus, arrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum and sizes of secretory granules proved to be useful parameters for identification. The size distribution of secretory granules of corresponding cells in cryosections and Epon sections proved to be similar. Additionally, both the immunoferritin and the unlabeled antibody enzyme method were applied for the immunocytochemical labeling of gonadotropic hormone-producing cells in cryosections. Anti-salmon-GTH as well as anti-carp-GTH serum showed the presence of GTH in both the smaller and the larger granules of the classical GTH cells, but also produced a reaction in TSH cells. Labelling of TSH cells was absent when using anti-β-carp-GTH. Specificity of the reaction depended upon the degree of dilution of the anti-GTH serum. Results with dilutions of 1∶4,000 and 1∶8,000 in the unlabeled antibody enzyme method, and of 1∶8,000 up to 1∶32,000 in the immunoferritin technique were optimal. Acid phosphatase activity in the smaller granules was demonstrated by enzyme cytochemistry in Epon sections. The relationship of the presence of hormone in these granules is discussed. The high sensitivity of the immunocytochemical labeling procedure is discussed with respect to cryo-ultramicrotomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217092
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the neurohypophysis and hypothalamus of the mouse compared with the distribution of other neuropeptides (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 533-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substance P ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurohypophysis ; Hypothalamus ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Substance-P immunoreactivity has been located in semithin sections of mouse hypothalami and pituitaries and compared with the distribution of other hypothalamic peptides. In the mouse, nerve fibres and terminals reacting with antibodies against substance P (SP) were detected both in the external zone of the median eminence (ME) and in the neural lobe of the pituitary. Immunoreactive SP (ISP) axons of the ME did not react with antibodies against other peptides, i.e. arginine-vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT), somatostatin and enkephalin, and were also negative with an antibody to serotonin. In the neural lobe, SP immunostaining occurred in AVP but not in OT axons. In the hypothalamus, ISP axons were widespread but conspicuously lacking in areas containing AVP neurones, i. e. in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the clusters of AVP cells in the SO and PV nuclei. In contrast, multiple ISP endings were seen in contact with OT neurones. Immunoreactive cell bodies, only detected after colchicine treatment, belonged to two distinct classes of neurones: 1) single AVP neurones of the SO and PV nuclei; 2) specific (staining only for SP) neurones, scattered or grouped in different areas of the hypothalamus, not showing relationship with any circumscribed nucleus. These results reinforce the opinion that SP can be released as a neurohormone into the vascular portal system and can directly affect the pars distalis. The presence of immunoreactive SP in the neural lobe, which has not been reported in species other than the mouse, may have a different physiological significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218474
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic connections of substance P-immunoreactive nerve terminals in the substantia nigra of the rat (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 469-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substantia nigra (rat) ; Substance P ; Striatonigral pathway ; Immunocytochemistry ; Synaptic vesicles ; Synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody that recognises the C-terminal part of substance P was used to study immunoreactive structures in the substantia nigra by the unlabeled antibody, peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure. Immunoreactivity was present in nerve fibres in all parts of the substantia nigra, particularly in the pars reticulata and pars lateralis. Electron microscopically two types of bouton immunoreactive for substance P were found: Type 1 contained large electron-lucent vesicles, occasional large granulated vesicles and formed symmetrical synapses with dendrites. Type 2 boutons contained smaller, round electron-lucent vesicles, many large granular vesicles and formed asymmetrical synapses (having prominent postjunctional dense bodies) with dendrites and perikarya. Immunoreactive fibres with varicosities that had been identified light microscopically were studied in serial sections in the electron microscope. Each identified varicosity contained synaptic vesicles and formed a single synapse. An individual fibre formed boutons of only one kind (type 1 or type 2) and could form multiple synapses with the same neuron. Thus, an identified fibre in the pars compacta had eight varicosities, each of which was in synaptic contacts (type 2) with the dendrites or soma of the same neuron. The results are consistent with the concept that substance P is a synaptic transmitter in the substantia nigra and indicate that neurons in this region may receive a significant input from substance P-containing afferents, and that there are at least two types of such afferent fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218469
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of progesterone-binding protein (PBP) in guinea-pig placental tissue (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 627-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Progesterone-binding protein (PBP) ; Placenta ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular localization of progesterone-binding protein (PBP) in the guinea-pig placenta was studied by use of immunocytochemical procedures. Within the chorioallantoic placenta, a strong positive reaction was observed in the interlobar and marginal trophoblast from the third week of gestation to term. PBP was localized in the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast, and the nuclei were never stained. At the ultrastructural level, the immunoreaction was associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the perinuclear space. No deposits were seen in any other cell organelles. This localization strongly suggests that the interlobar syncytium is related to PBP synthesis. In the labyrinth, a weak immunoreaction was observed by light microscopy around some blood lacunae. At the ultrastructural level the dense deposits were localized in vesicles located near the maternal lacunae. The distribution of PBP was also studied by light microscopy in other tissues from pregnant guinea-pig. No PBP, or PBP-like material, was detected inside cells from liver, muscle, heart, lung, kidney, ovary, and uterus. A weak immunoreaction for PBP was detected in vascularized zones of these organs. These observations strongly suggest that PBP, a protein related to gestation in the guinea-pig, is elaborated by the placental tissue of this hystricomorph rodent. PBP is the first steroid-binding plasma protein shown to be of extrahepatic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218482
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal appearance of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-like material in the pineal gland of the rat (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 695-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-like material has been demonstrated in the pineal gland of the adult rat. The objective of the present study was to examine the ontogenetic development of this LHRH-like substance in the rat pineal with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method of Sternberger. LHRH-like immunoreactive material was not observed in pineal glands of newborn rats. The amount of material increased progressively from the 6th–12th day of postnatal development. On day 12, the amount of LHRH-like immunoreactivity was consistent and comparable in all pineal glands of male and female animals examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218488
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative immunocytochemical studies on the gonadotrophs isolated from the pituitary of the male rat (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gonadotrophs ; Male rats ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cytophotometry ; Image analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative studies on the population of the gonadotropic cells in the pituitary of adult male rats were performed after trypsic dissociation of the pituitary glands and immunoenzymatic staining with anti-β-LH or anti-β-FSH antisera. Number, area and extinction of labelled cells were measured by use of an image analyser and a cytophotometer. The gonadotrophs represent approximately 14% of the pituitary cells. The mean area of gonadotrophs is significantly larger after staining with anti-β-LH serum than after staining with anti-β-FSH serum. Planimetric measurement of the gonadotrophs reveals their variability in size ranging between 30 and 160 μm2. Moreover, the size distribution depends on the staining serum used: more numerous small-sized cells (〈75 μm2) are stained with anti-β-FSH serum than with anti-β-LH serum, which conversely stains more numerous large-sized cells. Cytophotometric measurements indicate that immunostaining varies greatly among cells of the same size class and that the staining intensity appears to increase according to the cell size. These results emphasize the morphofunctional heterogeneity of the gonadotropic cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217273
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons and other somatostatin-immunoreactive perikarya in brains of tadpoles of Xenopus laevis (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 693-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry ; CSF-contacting neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Xenopus laevis, tadpoles ; Amphibia, Anura
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In untreated tadpoles of Xenopus laevis, stage 60 (Nieuwkoop and Faber 1956), somatostatin-immunoreactive perikarya and fiber networks are already discernible in the pallium and the septum, as well as in the anterior and posterior hypothalamus. In addition, somatostatin-immunoreactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons were found in the periventricular gray of the most caudal division of the ventral tuber cinereum. The results are discussed with respect to the inhibitory influence of the system of CSF-contacting and other somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons on the anterior pituitary and other target sites, especially during the climax of metamorphosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213765
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of immunoreactive prolactin in ependyma and circumventricular organs of rat brain (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 79-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunoreactive prolactin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Circumventricular organs ; Choroid plexus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactive prolactin (IMP) has been localized in the male rat brain using the soluble peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. In normal untreated animals, reaction product was seen in choroid plexus (CP) and in ependymal cells of the ventricular lining with heaviest concentrations of positively staining cells in the 3rd ventricle near the subcommisural organ (SCO), in the lateral ventricles near the subfornical organ (SFO), and in the 4th ventricle near the area postrema (AP). IMP was also present in numerous ependymal cells resembling tanycytes in the cerebral aqueduct, central canal of the spinal cord at the level of the AP, the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and the floor of the infundibular recess. Immunoreactive cells resembling neurons were localized within the substance of the AP, SCO, and OVLT. IMP was also present in fibers of the zona externa of the median eminence and infundibular stalk; a few cells of the pars tuberalis contained reaction product. Hypophysectomized rats and bromocriptine-treated rats exhibited a similar staining pattern except that bromocriptine treatment eliminated IMP from most CP cells. Hypophysectomy, bromocriptine or estrogen treatment enhanced staining for IMP in cells of the pars tuberalis; estrogen treatment or hypophysectomy produced an increase in the number and distribution of immunoreactive cells as well as increased density of reaction product in cells of the medial habenular nucleus. The functional relevance of prolactin in these locations in the brain, the possible routes of transport of prolactin from the pituitary gland to the central nervous system, and the strong suggestion of extra-pituitary sites of synthesis of a prolactin-like hormone are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216220
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-containing structures in the central nervous system of the domestic fowl (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 451-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Domestic fowl ; Hypothalamus ; LHRH-neurosecretion ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location of LHRH-containing neuronal elements was investigated in the domestic fowl by means of immunohistochemical techniques. LHRH antisera were raised against synthetic LHRH in the rabbit. The antiserum used in the present study cross-reacted with LHRH of mammalian and avian tissues. LHRH-immunoreactive perikarya are located in the preoptic and in the septal areas, and in the bulbus olfactorius; however, no LHRH-immuno-reactive perikarya were found in the tuberal part of the hypothalamus. LHRH-immunoreactive fibers course from these areas toward the median eminence mainly along the wall of the third ventricle in the form of a periventricular network. Originating from the same cell groups other fibers run caudally immediately above the optic chiasma, forming the median bundle of the tractus preoptico-infundibularis. The third bundle running toward the OVLT is named the tractus preoptico-terminalis. In addition to these structures, LHRH-containing fibers and terminals were also present in different regions of the limbic system, in the dorsal part of the hippocampus, in the tuberculum and bulbus olfactorius, as well as in the optic lobe, nuclei commissurales tectales, organon subcommissurale, periaqueductal area, and pars ventralis mesencephali. The general distribution of the LHRH system in the chicken corresponds principally to that described previously in rodents (Sétáló et al. 1976, 1978). However, some subtle differences were demonstrated between the location of the LHRH system in birds and mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210899
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurophysin pathways in the normal and hypophysectomized rat (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 93-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysins ; Immunocytochemistry ; Age-dependent changes ; Hypophysectomy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamo-extrahypophyseal neurophysin pathways (HEH) and the three hypothalamic nuclei secreting neurophysins, the supraoptic (SON), paraventricular (PVN) and suprachiasmatic (SCN) nuclei, of normal and hypophysectomized rats were studied by application of the immunoperoxidase procedure. Eight well-defined HEH pathways were recognized. Their main sites of projection were: lateral septum and subfornical organ (1 and 2); tractus diagonalis (3); medial nucleus of the amygdala and lateral ventricle (4); nucleus periventricularis thalami, nucleus habenulae lateralis and periaqueductal gray (5); periaqueductal gray, pineal organ, collicular recess and subependymal region of the fourth ventricle (6); dorsomedial nucleus and premammillary area (7); perimammillary region, corpus trapezoideum, ventral surface of medulla oblongata, nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus commissuralis, substantia gelatinosa and formatio reticularis lateralis of the medulla oblongata and spinal cord (8). Neurophysin fibers of unknown origin were found in the frontal cerebral cortex. It was noted that in pathway 5 the amount of immunostainable material undergoes changes with age. The three neurophysin-secreting nuclei reacted differently following hypophysectomy. Among the HEH pathways the only one that seemed to be affected by hypophysectomy was that innervating the lateral septum. It is suggested that the neurons that survive hypophysectomy either do not project to the neural lobe or, alternatively, display axon collaterals projecting outside the neural lobe. Such a neuronal population could be the origin of the HEH pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206334
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Routine overnight starvation and immunocytochemistry of hepatocyte albumin content (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver (Rat) ; Albumin ; Metabolism ; Hepatocytes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The indirect immunoperoxidase method was used to identify albumin in hepatocytes of rats before and after periods of starvation. All hepatocytes in fed rats contained a relatively large amount of nascent albumin. Overnight fasting reduced the number of hepatocytes with a large amount of albumin to primarily those surrounding terminal hepatic venules. These were estimated to be about 30% of the population. The other cells had only a slight amount of albumin. After 48 h of fasting all hepatocytes contained a low level of albumin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210896
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical distribution of LHRH neurons and processes in the rat: Hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic locations (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1982), S. 493-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Luteinizing hormone ; releasing hormone ; Immunocytochemistry ; Distribution ; Forebrain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-immunoreactive perikarya and processes was examined, in the untreated rat, with the unlabeled antibody enzyme method of immunocytochemistry on thick 50 μm vibratome sections. LHRH neurons were primarily observed in the preoptico-anterior hypothalamic and septal areas. Projections from these cell bodies to the median eminence form three distinct pathways, one laterally along the course of the optic tracts, one medially through the periventricular stratum of the third ventricle, and one through the tractus infundibularis. In addition, some of these cell bodies project to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and the subfornical organ (SFO). LHRH immunoreactive neurons were also noted in the anterior olfactory regions; they project along the medial olfactory tract to the olfactory bulb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215698
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and immunocytochemistry of the turtle pituitary gland with special reference to the pars tuberalis (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 81-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Turtle ; Immunocytochemistry ; Pars tuberalis ; Pituitary ; Hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination of pituitaries from young and adult turtles representing four families, reveals that in addition to the abundant juxtaneural pars tuberalis (JuxPT) found in this class of reptiles, there is generally a substantial amount of pars tuberalis (PT) tissue closely associated with the pars distalis (PD). The PT forms a cortical layer especially conspicuous around the anterior tip of the PD in some species (Trionyx, Kinosternon, Sternotherus), or it forms a thick dorsal layer of tissue irregularly extending onto the sides of the PD in others (Pseudemys, Chrysemys, Lepidochelys, Chelonia). Immunocytochemical studies using unlabelled second antibody and peroxidase-antiperoxidase reveal that in turtles of all ages, the PT tissue allied with the PD (the PTinterna) is composed primarily of cells containing glycoprotein hormones (FSH, LH and TSH), especially the gonadotropins. The juxPT, however, consists mainly of secretory cells unstained by the antisera tested and includes only a small number of gonadotropes and thyrotropes. Although usually widely distributed in the testudinate adenohypophysis, the great majority of gonadotropes and thyrotropes present in the hatchling are in the PTinterna. It is probable that a concentration of these cells in the PTinterna is widespread among vertebrates. In all turtles examined, lactotropes occur principally in the anterior and ventral part of the PD proper; somatotropes are posterior and dorsal. Corticotropes are concentrated as the lactotropes in the anterior PD, but some are also scattered throughout the posterior half of the gland. Lactotropes, corticotropes, and with a few exceptions, somatotropes, do not occur in PT tissue in the turtle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218290
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 467-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Substance P ; Uvea ; Immunocytochemistry ; Iris ; Smooth muscle contraction ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Substance P-immunoreactive nerve terminals were found in several locations in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye. In the iris they occurred in the sphincter muscle and were randomly distributed in the iris stroma with some fibres running close to the dilator muscle. In the ciliary body these immunoreactive elements were few and occurred within bundles of nerve fibres, while in the ciliary processes they were more numerous with a predominantly subepithelial location. Blood vessels in the anterior uvea were often surrounded by substance P-immunoreactive fibres. No substance P-fibres were found in the cornea, while the sclera contained very few such elements. Using conventional in vitro techniques it was found that the sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris responded to electrical stimulation with a contraction that was resistant to cholinergic and adrenergic blockade, but was inhibited by the neuronal blocker tetrodotoxin. This indicates the existence of a non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic neuronal mediator of the contractile response. Exogenously applied substance P produced a long-lasting contraction of the spincter muscle, an observation compatible with the view that substance P is the noncholinergic, non-adrenergic neurotransmitter involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213848
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive neuropeptide systems in avian embryos (domestic mallard, domestic fowl, Japanese quail) (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 287-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Avian brain ; Endocrine glands ; Avian embryos ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In embryos of the domestic mallard, domestic fowl, and Japanese quail vasotocin-, mesotocin-, luliberin (LHRH)-, met-enkephalin-, cortico- tropin-, and somatostatin-immunoreactive perikarya and fiber formations were visualized at different incubation stages by means of the PAP technique (Sternberger 1979). The most striking results were: (1) Vasotocin-, mesotocin-, and luliberin-immunoreactive systems display, up to the late embryonic period, morphological features most probably related to a neurohormonal function. (2) Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity appears very late during embryonic life; it is restricted to fiber networks and not found in perikarya. (3) Corticotropin immunoreactivity is observed in the tuberal region temporarily at the end of the second and the beginning of the last third of the incubation period. (4) Somatostatin-immunoreactive material is present (i) at the end of the first third of incubation, in association with the olfactory system; (ii) during the same period, adjacent to thin-layered portions of the roof of the brain; (iii) shortly thereafter, in cells of both pancreatic primordia and thyroid gland; and (iv) onward from the middle of the incubation period, in a mesencephalic cell group. The striking difference, in the early embryo, between the mature somatostatin system and the immature character of the surrounding tissues may indicate that somatostatin plays a role in the development of the brain, as well as the pancreas, and the thyroid gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258490
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular localization of thiol-proteinase inhibitor in the epidermis of the newborn rat (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 313-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Newborn rat epidermis ; Soluble epidermal protein ; Thiolproteinase inhibitor ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subcellular distribution of a thiol-proteinase inhibitor protein was determined in the epidermis of the newborn rat by light and electron microscopy. This protein was highly soluble in basal cells and concentrated on ribosomes in the perinuclear region. Solubility in Tris buffer decreased in granular and cornified cells in which the protein appeared on polysomes which were attached on other cellular structures such as dense homogenous deposits and tonofilaments. The protein also appeared to be deposited on the plasma membrane and became insoluble in Tris buffer at 37° C, but solubilized in 1 M phosphate buffer. Location of the protein around keratohyalin granules or by the plasma membrane suggested that the inhibitor protein bound to cysteinerich protein of the epidermis with or without forming a thiol-proteinase inhibitor complex. The thiol-proteinase inhibitor protein seems to contribute to epidermal cell differentiation at multiple points through changes in its solubility and subcellular localization from basal cells to cornified cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258492
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical evidence for cholecystokinin-like peptides in neuronal cell bodies of the rat spinal cord (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 463-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin ; Spinal cord ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat ; Neuropeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity has been demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry in the spinal cord of various mammals, in particular in nerve fibers of the superficial layers of the posterior column, but had not been detected in neuronal cell bodies. We report immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of a group of cholecystokinincontaining neuronal cell bodies in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. This group of cells is only visualized after direct injection of colchicine into the spinal cord and is located near the central canal in the intermedio-medial nucleus of area X of Rexed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258503
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of IgM- and IgG-containing cells during the primary immune response in the rat spleen (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Ig-containing cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Germinal center ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology and localisation of IgM- and IgG-containing cells in the spleen of rats immunized with sheep red-blood cells (SRBC) were studied by combining immunohistochemical reactions with routine histological and histochemical methods. It was shown that IgM cells occur only in the outer periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath (PALS), whereas IgG cells are present throughout the whole PALS. It has been concluded that these cell types have different routes of migration. Both IgM- and IgG-containing cells were found in the germinal center in close relation with the extracellular immune complexes. The significance of this localisation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217263
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of steroids on gonadotropic (GTH) cells in the pituitary of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, shortly after hatching (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 361-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Steroids ; Pituitary ; Gonadotrops ; Immunocytochemistry ; Teleosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical reactions with anti-h(uman) TSHβ and anti-c(arp) GTHβ indicate that in juvenile rainbow trout, the dorsal basophils of the proximal pars distalis (ppd) are TSH cells, and that the ventral ones are GTH cells. Small GTH cells first appear in some fish at D(ay) 50 following fertilization (= D17 from hatching), when gonads are still undifferentiated. GTH cells increase greatly in number and size after D100. Contrary to treatment with 11β(OH)androstenedione, addition of methyl testosterone, progesterone and 17α(OH)progesterone stimulate the development of granular GTH cells in rainbow trout, shortly after hatching. It is suggested that steroid receptors in the brain or pituitary discriminate between 11-steroids and other steroids rather than between aromatizable androgens and other steroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216879
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface labelling of oligodendrocytes with anti-myelin serum in cell cultures from the rat brain (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 581-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Oligodendrocytes ; Cell culture ; Maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antiserum produced in rabbits against purified myelin contains antibodies that bind to the surface of cells having multiple branched processes in live cultures of cerebral hemispheres of newborn rats. The identity of these cells was determined by double immunolabelling experiments with other specific antigenic markers (W1 Wolfgram protein, myelin basic proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein). It was demonstrated that the cells are a subclass of oligodendrocytes which have reached a certain degree of maturation; nearly all of them contain basic proteins. Indeed, a number of oligodendrocytes, that contain the W 1 protein, and may or may not have processes, are not surface-labelled in similar conditions. The usefulness of such an anti-myelin serum in the isolation of pure oligodendrocytes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214806
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactivity of endocrine-like cells in the feline pyloric mucosa (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Brain-gut peptide ; Pyloric antrum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity to VIP by endocrine-like cells in the feline pyloric mucosa was examined by using three kinds of region-specific anti-porcine VIP sera. VIP-immunoreactive endocrine-like cells were detected clearly with all of the VIP antisera used. They were located mainly around the neck of the pyloric glands. Some of these endocrine-like cells showed dilution-dependent immunoreactivity against VIP antisera. The immunostaining intensity of VIP-immunoreactive endocrine-like cells showing dilution-independence could not be distinguished from those of nerve elements. The present results suggest that the immunoreactivity with properties very similar to those of authentic VIP may be present in the endocrine-like cells of the feline pyloric glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217086
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunocytochemical and electron-microscopical study of endocrine cells in the gut and pancreas of a stomachless teleost fish, Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 577-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteroendocrine cells ; Pancreatic endocrine cells ; Gastroenteropancreatic hormones ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four immunoreactive endocrine cell types can be distinguished in the pancreatic islets of B. conchonius: insulin-producing B cells, somatostatin-producing A1 (= D) cells, glucagon-producing A2 cells and pancreatic poly-peptide-producing PP cells. The principal islet of this species contains only a few PP cells, while many PP cells are present in the smaller islets. Except for the B cell all pancreatic endocrine cell types are also present in the pancreatic duct. At least six enteroendocrine cell types are present in the gut of B. conchonius: 1. a cell type (I) with small secretory granules, present throughout the intestine, and possibly involved in the regulation of gut motility; 2. a C-terminal gastrin immunoreactive cell, probably producing a caerulein-like peptide; these cells are located at the upper parts of the folds, especially in the proximal part of the intestinal bulb; 3. a met-enkephalin-immunoreactive cell, present throughout the first segment; 4. a glucagon-immunoreactive cell, which is rare in the first segment; 5. a PP-immunoreactive cell, mainly present in the first half of the first segment; 6. an immunoreactive cell, which cannot at present be specified, located in the intestinal bulb. The latter four cell types are mostly located in the basal parts of the folds, although some PP-immunoreactive cells can also be found in the upper parts. Most if not all enteroendocrine cells are of the open type. The possible functions of all enteroendocrine cell types are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204788
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of different secretin-like cells in the digestive tract of the ascidian Styela plicata (Urochordata, Ascidiacea) (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Secretin-like cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Digestive tract ; Styela plicata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Secretin-like cells have been detected in the digestive tract of the ascidian Styela plicata by means of immunofluorescent and immunocytochemical methods. Especially, in the esophageal epithelium there are immunoreactive cells (S2) in which a biogenic amine (5-HT) and a regulatory peptide (secretin) occur together. In the gastric epithelium only secretin-like cells (S1) are present. Tests of cross-reactivity performed with glucagon, GIF and VIP, have confirmed the presence of a secretin-like molecule only in the S1 and S2 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217097
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of pancreatic polypeptide in the nervous system and gut of the blowfly, Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera) (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 67-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide ; Neurosecretory cells ; Neuropeptides ; Calliphora vomitoria ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of a neuropeptide, previously shown to have the same or a very similar amino acid composition as vertebrate pancreatic polypeptide (PP), has been studied in the nervous system and gut of the blowfly, Calliphora vomitoria. Neurones immunoreactive to a bovine PP antiserum occur in the thoracic and abdominal ganglionic components of the central nervous system, in addition to the brain and suboesophageal ganglion. Pancreatic polypeptide appears to be relayed from its cells of origin to a neurohaemal organ in the dorsal sheath of the thoracic ganglion. PP immunoreactivity is also found in cells of the hypocerebral ganglion of the stomatogastric nervous system and in associated nerve fibres. The mid-gut contains PP-positive material in flask-shaped cells of its epithelial lining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206332
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like immunoreactivity in the central and visceral nervous systems of the cockroach Periplaneta (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like material ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system ; Periplaneta americana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The central and visceral nervous systems of the cockroach Periplaneta americana were studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method, with the use of antibody to bovine pancreatic polypeptide (PP). PP-like immunoreactive neuron somata are most numerous in the brain; at least 6 pairs of cell groups occur in clearly defined regions. Three pairs of cells each are also present in the suboesophageal ganglion and the thoracic ganglia, one pair of a single cell each in the first abdominal and the frontal ganglia, and 4 to 6 pairs of single cells in the terminal ganglion. No reactive cells were found in the retrocerebral complex and the second to the fifth abdominal ganglia. The axons containing PP-like immunoreactivity issue many branches that are distributed in the entire brain-retrocerebral complex, ventral cord, and visceral nervous system. PP-like immunoreactive material produced in the brain seems to be transported by three routes: protocerebrum to corpora cardiaca (-allata) through the nervi corporis cardiaci, tritocerebrum to visceral nervous system through frontal commissures, and to ventral cord through circumoesophageal connectives. A possible homology between the mammalian brain-GEP (gastro-enteropancreatic) system and the brain-midgut system of this insect is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206327
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical study on the localization of neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein in the carotid body of rats (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 291-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enolase (neuron-specific) ; S-100 protein ; Carotid body ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light- and electron-immunocytochemical investigation with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) procedure revealed neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein-like immunoreactivities specifically localized in the chief cells and the sustentacular cells of the rat carotid body, respectively. This finding suggests a neuron-like nature of the chief cells and a glia-like nature of the sustentacular cells on both embryological and functional bases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210887
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    Reexamination of acoustic evidence in the Kennedy assassination. Committee on Ballistic Acoustics, National Research Council (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: Sounds recorded in Dallas at the time of the assassination of John F. Kennedy were analyzed by two research groups, whose reports formed the basis for the opinion that two gunmen fired at President Kennedy. These reports and the acoustic evidence have been studied by the Committee on Ballistic Acoustics, and further acoustic analyses, including sound spectrograms, have been performed. The committee finds that the acoustic data do not support a conclusion that a second gunman was involved in the assassination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):127-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6750789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustics ; *Famous Persons ; *Forensic Medicine ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Male ; Texas ; *Wounds, Gunshot
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mycotoxin weapons (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):776-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia, Southeastern ; *Biological Warfare ; Humans ; *Mycotoxins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Chromatic valence curves: alternative interpretation derived by the direct matching method (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-19
    Description: The amount of red chromatic valence of the red-green opponent colors channel of the human visual system has been reported to be greatly reduced in short wavelengths when the hue-matching method is used to measure red valence instead of the more typical cancellation method. Receptive fields with a silent surround were postulated to explain the reduction, and it was emphasized that the reduced valence curve represented the true chromatic valence curve of the visual system. In the present studies the previous results are interpreted to be a direct consequence of the method and the particular matching stimuli used. It is shown that the reduction can be explained by the existing color-matching data without appealing to the silent surround hypothesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ayama, M -- Ikeda, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 19;215(4539):1538-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color Perception/*physiology ; Humans ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Gene transfer between eukaryotes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benveniste, R E -- Todaro, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 24;217(4566):1202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Eukaryotic Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Retroviridae/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mice regrow the tips of their foretoes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-20
    Description: Mice will replace the tip of a foretoe when it is amputated distal to the last interphalangeal joint. Amputation of the digit more proximal to the joint does not result in regrowth of the foretoe. Though this growth shares certain similarities with the epimorphic regeneration of amphibian limbs, the two processes are not the same. The regrowth reported here in mice is probably similar to the scattered clinical reports of fingertips regeneration in children, and presents a model system with which to explore the controls of wound healing and tissue reconstruction in mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borgens, R B -- CA 20920/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS 18456/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 20;217(4561):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amputation ; Animals ; Child ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; *Regeneration ; Toe Joint ; Toes/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Wound Healing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nonsmokers and cigarette smoke: a modified perception of risk (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bock, F G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):197.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Risk ; *Smoking ; *Tobacco Smoke Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Researcher denied future U.S. funds (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broad, William J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 4;216(4550):1081.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; *Financial Support ; *Financing, Government ; *Fraud ; *Government ; Government Regulation ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Public Policy ; *Research Personnel ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Social Control, Formal ; Social Responsibility ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Publisher settles suit, says clone book is a fake (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broad, William J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 23;216(4544):391.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cloning, Organism ; *Fraud ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Literature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Radioactivity in the Urals (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 16;217(4556):198, 200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Radioactive Fallout ; *Radioactive Pollutants ; *Rural Population ; Ussr
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    T-lymphocyte immunology and hominoid evolution (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cartmill, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1145.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6983135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Primates/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Topological structure in visual perception (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: Three experiments on tachistoscopic perception of visual stimuli demonstrate that the visual system is sensitive to global topological properties. The results indicate that extraction of global topological properties is a basic factor in perceptual organization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):699-700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Form Perception ; Humans ; *Visual Perception
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    Phosphoglucomutase: evidence for a new locus expressed in human milk (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-07
    Description: Electrophoretic study of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in human milk revealed different patterns that can be explained by the existence of a locus distinct from the common PGM1, PGM2, and PGM3. One hundred and forty samples were tested and the results showed four different alleles of PGM4 whose frequencies were under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantu, J M -- Ibarra, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 7;216(4546):639-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6461922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Erythrocytes/enzymology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Milk, Human/*enzymology ; Phenotype ; Phosphoglucomutase/*genetics
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    OSHA policy on carcinogens (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cowan, M D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):884.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogens ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases/chemically induced ; United States ; *United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Autoantibodies to nucleosomal proteins: antibodies to HMG-17 in autoimmune diseases (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-03-05
    Description: The relative amounts of autoantibodies against defined nucleosomal proteins present in serums from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) have been examined by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Autoantibodies to nucleosomal proteins were detected in 45 percent of the patients with SLE, 18 percent of the MCTD patients, and none of the RA patients. The results suggest that, in SLE, antibodies are formed against a subset of nucleosomes which contain protein HMG-17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bustin, M -- Reisch, J -- Einck, L -- Klippel, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1245-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6460317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*immunology ; High Mobility Group Proteins ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology ; Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/immunology ; Nucleosomes/*immunology
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    Theory and observation in cultural transmission (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Cultural phenomena may show considerable stability over time and space. Transmission mechanisms responsible for their maintenance are worthy of theoretical and empirical inquiry; they are complex and each possible pathway has different effects on evolutionary stability of traits, as can be shown theoretically. A survey designed to evaluate the importance of some components of cultural transmission on a variety of traits showed that religion and politics are mostly determined in the family, a mode of transmission which guarantees high evolutionary stability and maintenance of high variation between and within groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cavalli-Sforza, L L -- Feldman, M W -- Chen, K H -- Dornbusch, S M -- 10452/PHS HHS/ -- 20467/PHS HHS/ -- 20816/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):19-27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attitude ; Child ; Cultural Characteristics ; *Culture ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Marriage ; Models, Psychological ; *Parent-Child Relations
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    Development of mouse embryos in vitro: preimplantation to the limb bud stage (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Mouse embryos were grown successfully in vitro from the blastocyst stage to the limb bud stage. Mouse blastocysts grown in vitro for 10 days showed blood circulation in the yilk sac, forelimb buds, and the primordia of liver, pancreas, and lungs. These characteristics are indicative of a developmental stage equivalent to one-half of the total gestation period in utero. Improvements in culture conditions from days 7 to 9 have made it feasible to culture mouse blastocysts beyond the early somite stage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, L T -- Hsu, Y C -- AM 19535/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 28550/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):66-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Yolk Sac/physiology
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    A new subtype of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-05
    Description: Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is a human type-C RNA tumor virus (retrovirus) previously identified in and isolated from several patients with T-cell leukemias or lymphomas. The known virus isolates from the United States and Japan are closely related and are found in adults with an acute malignancy of mature T cells. A related retrovirus has been found in a patient (Mo) with a somewhat different disease (a T-cell variant of relatively benign hairy cell leukemia). Serum from Mo contains antibodies to the major internal core protein (p24) of HTLV. A T-cell line established from the spleen of Mo expresses HTLV antigens. However, HTLV from Mo is significantly different from all previous HTLV isolates in immunological cross-reactivity tests of p24. The usual prototype HTLV isolate is represented as HTLV-I, and the HTLV from Mo is represented as HTLV-II. Individual members of each subgroup may then be identified by subscript initials of the patient [for example, HTLV-I(CR), HTLV-I(MB), and HTLV-II(Mo)].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalyanaraman, V S -- Sarngadharan, M G -- Robert-Guroff, M -- Miyoshi, I -- Golde, D -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):571-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6981847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Humans ; Leukemia, Hairy Cell/*microbiology ; Retroviridae/immunology/*isolation & purification ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/microbiology
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    Monoclonal antibody to acetylcholine receptor: cell line established from thymus of patient with Myasthenia gravis (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-19
    Description: A human B cell line producing a monoclonal antibody to an antigenic determinant of acetylcholine receptors was established by cloning B cells that had been transformed in vitro by Epstein-Barr virus. The B cells were obtained from the thymus of a patient with myasthenia gravis. The antibody produced by the cell line precipitated acetylcholine receptors from denervated and innervated rat muscle and from human muscle, but did not show detectable response to the acetylcholine receptors from the electric organs of Narke japonica. The monoclonal antibody showed identical binding patterns in innervated and denervated rat muscles. Passive transfer of the monoclonal antibody into rats induced moderate muscle weakness and electromyographic changes characteristic of myasthenia gravis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kamo, I -- Furukawa, S -- Tada, A -- Mano, Y -- Iwasaki, Y -- Furuse, T -- Ito, N -- Hayashi, K -- Satoyoshi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 19;215(4535):995-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6297000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Muscles/immunology/innervation ; Myasthenia Gravis/immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*immunology
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    Human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes map to a region of translocations in malignant B lymphocytes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kirsch, I R -- Morton, C C -- Nakahara, K -- Leder, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6801764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Fetal hemoglobin genes turned on in adults (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1295-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6183747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy ; Azacitidine/therapeutic use ; Fetal Hemoglobin/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Thalassemia/therapy
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    Heart study produces a surprise result (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):31-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diuretics/*adverse effects ; Heart Diseases/*drug therapy ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Risk ; United States
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    On the origin of introns (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):921-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Base Sequence ; *Genes ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Heterogeneity in epidermal basal keratinocytes: morphological and functional correlations (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-03-05
    Description: Two structurally distinct populations of basal keratinocytes, nonserrated and serrated, were observed in cynomolgus monkey and human palm epidermis. Anatomical location, fine structural features, and kinetic properties suggest that nonserrated cells represent a stem cell population and that serrated cells help anchor the epidermis to the dermis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lavker, R M -- Sun, T T -- AM 25140/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- EY 00125/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY 02472/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1239-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Epidermis/*cytology ; Hand ; Humans ; Macaca fascicularis
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    Rabies treatment (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lele, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dogs ; Humans ; Medicine, Ayurvedic ; Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use ; *Plants, Medicinal ; Rabies/*prevention & control
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    Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-05-28
    Description: The photosynthesis of previtamin D3 from 7-dehydrocholesterol in human skin was determined after exposure to narrow-band radiation or simulated solar radiation. The optimum wavelengths for the production of previtamin D3 were determined to be between 295 and 300 nanometers. When human skin was exposed to 295-nanometer radiation, up to 65 percent of the original 7-dehydrocholesterol content was converted to previtamin D3. In comparison, when adjacent skin was exposed to simulated solar radiation, the maximum formation of previtamin D3 was about 20 percent. Major differences in the formation of lumisterol3, and tachysterol3 from previtamin D3 were also observed. It is concluded that the spectral character of natural sunlight has a profound effect on the photochemistry of 7-dehydrocholesterol in human skin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacLaughlin, J A -- Anderson, R R -- Holick, M F -- AM 27334/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 28;216(4549):1001-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6281884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cholecalciferol/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Dehydrocholesterols/radiation effects ; Ergosterol/metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isomerism ; Photochemistry ; Skin/*metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Ultraviolet Rays
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    How did humans evolve big brains? (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 21;216(4548):840-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Primates/*anatomy & histology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Natural antibodies to human retrovirus HTLV in a cluster of Japanese patients with adult T cell leukemia (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-19
    Description: Human T cell lymphoma leukemia virus (HTLV) is a human retrovirus (RNA tumor virus) that was originally isolated from a few patients with leukemias or lymphomas involving mature T lymphocytes. Here we report that the serum of Japanese patients with adult T cell leukemia, but not the serum of tested normal donors, contains high titers of antibodies to HTLV. These observations, together with data from Japan showing that adult T cell leukemia is endemic in southwest Japan, suggest that HTLV is involved in a subtype of human T cell malignancy, including Japanese adult T cell leukemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robert-Guroff, M -- Nakao, Y -- Notake, K -- Ito, Y -- Sliski, A -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 19;215(4535):975-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6760397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Antibody Specificity ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Japan ; Leukemia/*immunology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; *T-Lymphocytes
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    Identification of the constant chromosome regions involved in human hematologic malignant disease (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: Specific consistent chromosome translocations are regularly observed in certain human leukemias and lymphomas. For the myeloid leukemias, the constant recombinants are: the long arm of 9 to chromosome 22 in chronic myeloid leukemia, the long arm of 21 to chromosome 8 in acute myeloblastic leukemia, and the long arm of 17 to chromosome 15 in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Three related translocations are seen in Burkitt lymphoma and B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia; in each one, chromosome 8 is involved with chromosome 2, 14, or 22. Analysis of a complex translocation affecting chromosomes 8 and 14 indicates that the translocation of chromosome 8 to chromosome 14 is the critical constant rearrangement. The analysis of the DNA at the translocation sites of these chromosomes, rather than the reciprocal of each translocation, appears to be the most productive focus for initial study. The various immunoglobulin loci are located in chromosomes 2, 14, and 22, the chromosomes regularly involved in translocations in Burkitt lymphoma and B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowley, J D -- CA 16910/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 19266/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 25568/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):749-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 ; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/*genetics ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Sugar and dental caries: a review of human studies (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-30
    Description: Studies of special population groups, epidemiological surveys, controlled longitudinal studies of humans, and longitudinal studies on the effect of sugar substitutes indicate that frequent or high intake of sugary foods predisposes to dental decay. The relation is not always clear-cut, and most studies have important methodological problems and limitations. Longitudinal measurements of caries increments combined with multiple dietary histories are needed to clarity the association between caries and eating habits. The relative cariogenicity of specific foods can be assessed by a combination of in vitro tests, human in vivo tests, and experimental caries in animals. Human diets, however, vary in food items eaten and the frequency and sequence of eating, and these factors can affect the cariogenicity of a food. Therefore, reported correlations must be interpreted with caution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newbrun, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 30;217(4558):418-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7046052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Cariogenic Agents ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries/epidemiology/*etiology ; *Diet, Cariogenic ; Food Habits ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Sucrose/adverse effects/metabolism ; Sweetening Agents/pharmacology
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    Benzodiazepine receptor-mediated experimental "anxiety" in primates (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: The ethyl ester of beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid has a high affinity for benzodiazepine receptors in the brain. In the rhesus monkey this substance produces an acute behavioral syndrome characterized by dramatic elevations in heart rate, blood pressure, plasma cortisol, and catecholamines. The effects are blocked by benzodiazepines and the specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788. The benzodiazepine receptor may consist of several subsites or functional domains that independently recognize agonist, antagonists, or "active" antagonists such as beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. These results suggest that the benzodiazepine receptor is involved in both the affective and physiological manifestations of anxiety, and that the administration of beta-carboxylic acid ethyl ester to monkeys may provide a reliable and reproducible animal model of human anxiety.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ninan, P T -- Insel, T M -- Cohen, R M -- Cook, J M -- Skolnick, P -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1332-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6293059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety/*etiology ; Benzodiazepinones ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Flumazenil ; Heart Rate/*drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Drug/*physiology ; Receptors, GABA-A
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    No fraud found in alcoholism study (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 19;218(4574):771.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alcoholism ; *Behavioral Research ; Fraud ; Humans ; *Research ; United States ; allegations that they fabricated data in a project on treatment of alcoholics. ; Their research, which suggested that some alcoholics can reject abstinence and ; learn to moderate their drinking, was disputed by other researchers. The ; investigating committee did not judge whether alcoholics can indeed become ; moderate drinkers but concluded that the Sobells had carried out the research as ; reported except for one lapse ascribed to carelessness. The procedures of the ; committee, which was appointed by the Addiction Research Foundation where the ; Sobells are now employed, have been questioned by critics.
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    Scientists implicated in atom test deception (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):545-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Coercion ; *Deception ; Federal Government ; Government ; *Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Information Services ; Judicial Role ; Jurisprudence ; Nevada ; Nuclear Warfare ; *Public Policy ; *Radiation ; *Research Personnel ; *Scientific Misconduct ; Utah ; Atomic Energy Commission officials suppressed data indicating a link between two ; 1953 atomic bomb tests in Nevada and sheep deaths in neighboring Utah, and then ; pressured scientific investigators to concur with the AEC position. In a 1956 ; trial, a federal judge denied compensation to the sheep owners. Evidence of the ; deception came to light in 1979 and 1980 and, on 24 August 1982, the same judge ; ordered a new trial, ruling that several AEC attorneys and scientists had indeed ; misrepresented the facts. His ruling has been appealed by the Department of ; Justice.
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    The risks of living near Love Canal (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):808-9, 811.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chemical Industry ; Humans ; *Industrial Waste ; Risk ; United States
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    Color vision is altered during the suppression phase of binocular rivalry (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-19
    Description: Increment-threshold spectral sensitivity functions were determined during the dominance and suppression phases of binocular rivalry. The shapes of the functions obtained during the dominance phase exhibited three maxima at approximately 440, 530, and 610 nanometers and resembled functions obtained for nonrivalrous control conditions. However, the functions measured during suppression had a single broad peak near 555 nanometers and were adequately described by functions measured with flicker methods during nonrivalrous conditions. The results indicate that binocular rivalry differentially attenuates opponent-color information relative to achromatic information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, E L -- Levi, D M -- Harwerth, R S -- White, J M -- EY01139/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY01728/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY03611/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY001139/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY003611/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 19;218(4574):802-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Color Perception ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Ocular Physiological Phenomena ; Sensory Thresholds ; *Vision, Ocular
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    Norethisterone, a major ingredient of contraceptive pills, is a suicide inhibitor of estrogen biosynthesis (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-05
    Description: Norethisterone (17 alpha-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone) is an effective irreversible inhibitor of estrogen synthetase (aromatase), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, even at a 2 X 10(-6) molar concentration. This irreversible inactivation, which is directed toward the active site of aromatase and requires the cofactor-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is both time- and concentration-dependent. Ethisterone (17 alpha-ethynyltestosterone), in contrast, is not a suicide inhibitor of aromatase even at concentrations of 10(-4) molar.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Osawa, Y -- Yarborough, C -- HDO4945/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1249-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aromatase Inhibitors ; Binding Sites/drug effects ; Contraceptives, Oral/*pharmacology ; Estrogens/*biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Microsomes/enzymology ; Norethindrone/*pharmacology ; Oxidoreductases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy
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    Chinese decry dishonesty in scientific research (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Marjorie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):871.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Fraud ; Humans ; *Research Personnel ; Science ; *Scientific Misconduct ; similar to those that have been troubling the American scientific community. ; Several articles are cited which report cases of fabrication of data, plagiarism, ; or unfair claims to authorship. A Chinese scientific journal has begun a regular ; column on ethics in science, and researchers have drafted a code of ethics for ; the Peking scientific community.
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    Washington set to act on heptachlor in milk (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):912-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6896767" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Food Contamination ; *Heptachlor ; Humans ; *Milk
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    OSHA's new thoughts on cancer policy (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):35.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carcinogens ; *Government Agencies ; Humans ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/*prevention & control ; Risk ; United States
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    Lethal effect of phenothiazine neuroleptics on the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania donovani (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-23
    Description: Phenothiazine drugs, which are widely used for their antipsychotic, antianxiety, and antiemetic effects, have been found to have protozoacidal effects on the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. These compounds are lethal to both the extracellular stage of the organism, which is inoculated into humans by the sand fly, and the intracellular stage, which is found solely in human macrophages during established infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, R D -- Manian, A A -- Harcus, J L -- Hall, D -- Hewlett, E L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):369-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6124040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Chlorpromazine/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Leishmania/*drug effects ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/*drug therapy ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Mesocricetus
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    Cholinergic innervation in neuritic plaques (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-23
    Description: Although several studies of Alzheimer's disease suggest that the frequency of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex is correlated with the severity of dementia and with reduction in presynaptic cholinergic markers in the cortex, the relationship between cholinergic cortical innervation and the pathogenesis of plaques is unknown. The hypothesis was tested that the neurites in the plaque consist, in part, of presynaptic cholinergic axons, many of which arise from neurons in the basal forebrain. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing the character and distribution of plaques in monkeys, aged 4 to 31 years, with staining for acetylcholin-esterase and also with Congo red and silver stains. Immature and mature plaques were rich in acetylcholinesterase. As the plaques matured, the amount of amyloid increased, and the number of neurites and the activity of acetylcholinesterase decreased. End-stage amyloid-rich plaques lacked acetylcholinesterase. These observations indicate that changes in cortical cholinergic innervation are an important feature in the pathogenesis and evolution of the neuritic plaque.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Struble, R G -- Cork, L C -- Whitehouse, P J -- Price, D L -- NS 07179/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 15721/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 23;216(4544):413-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6803359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/*metabolism ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/*pathology ; Amyloid/*metabolism ; Animals ; Dementia/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Nerve Degeneration ; Neurons/metabolism
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    Risk estimate vanishes from benzene report (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):914-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Benzene/*adverse effects ; Federal Government ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination ; Internationality ; Occupational Diseases/*etiology ; *Professional Misconduct ; Risk ; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) deleted a scientific advisory ; group's estimate of the risk of leukemia in workers exposed to small amounts of ; the chemical. Allegations are reported that the estimate, which would have had ; regulatory implications for U.S. industry, was omitted because the National ; Cancer Institute (NCI), responding to industry complaints about the data, ; cautioned the IARC director to refrain from quantitative risk assessment in its ; NCI-funded monographs.
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    Developmental equations for postural tremor (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tryon, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):300-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Brain/growth & development/*physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Infant ; Tremor/*physiopathology
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    Human aldehyde dehydrogenase: mechanism of inhibition of disulfiram (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-07
    Description: Disulfiram labeled with carbon-14 reacts specifically with human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase E1 with loss of catalytic activity and no incorporation of label. Carbon-14-labeled diethyldithiocarbamate is formed and the number of enzyme sulfhydryl groups decreases from 34 to 30 during this process. Activity is recovered by-mercaptoethanol but not by glutathione, the physiological reducing agent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vallari, R C -- Pietruszko, R -- AA 00186/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- K0200046/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 7;216(4546):637-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7071604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cytoplasm/enzymology ; Disulfiram/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors ; Liver/enzymology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/antagonists & inhibitors
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    Cytomegalovirus antibody in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients detected by enzyme immunoassay (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-05-21
    Description: By means of enzyme immunoassay techniques to detect the presence of antibody to cytomegalovirus, the cerebrospinal fluid of 178 patients with schizophrenia, 17 patients with bipolar disorders, and 11 other psychiatric patients was compared with that of 79 neurological patients and 41 normal control subjects. The cerebrospinal fluid of 20 of the schizophrenic patients and 3 of the patients with bipolar disorders showed significant increases in immunoglobulin M antibody to cytomegalovirus; no difference was found in patients on or off psychotropic medications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Torrey, E F -- Yolken, R H -- Winfrey, C J -- N01 AI 92616/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 21;216(4548):892-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6281883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Bipolar Disorder/immunology/microbiology ; Cytomegalovirus/immunology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/*complications ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Schizophrenia/immunology/*microbiology
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    Agricultural research and Third World food production (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-16
    Description: By the close of this century the world may have to feed as many as 2 billion additional people. Most of them will be born in developing countries, especially in marginal lands ill-suited for food production. This article focuses on efforts by the International Agricultural Research Centers to increase food production in the Third World and addresses the social and ecological issues raised by the introduction of high-yielding varieties into fertile Third World lands and describe how varieties are being tailored for introduction into marginal areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Plucknett, D L -- Smith, N J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 16;217(4556):215-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; *Developing Countries ; Ecology ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; *Research
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    Breast-feeding patterns in low-income countries (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: Breast-feeding is important to infant nutrition, morbidity, and mortality, and to postpartum amenorrhea (hence to birth intervals). Evidence on breast-feeding patterns in low-income countries from nationally representative World Fertility Surveys and secondary sources shows that in all but a few such countries most children are breast-fed for at least a few months. The limited evidence available on trends seems to indicate a decline in the duration of breast-feeding, but in most of Asia and Africa breast-feeding is almost universal during at least the first 6 months. Earlier weaning is common in Latin America.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Popkin, B M -- Bilsborrow, R E -- Akin, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1088-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Asia ; *Breast Feeding ; *Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Rural Population ; South America ; Time Factors ; Urban Population
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    Systemic lupus erythematosus: presence in human serum of an unusual acid-labile leukocyte interferon (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-23
    Description: A previously undescribed species of human leukocyte, or alpha, interferon is present in the serum of many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. It was shown to be alpha-interferon by neutralization with specific antiserums, affinity column chromatography, and antiviral activity on bovine cells. However, 23 of 30 interferon samples tested were inactivated by incubation at pH 2, a characteristic of human "immune," or gamma, interferon. Multiple samples of interferon from the same patient had similar biological properties, but samples from different patients were not all identical, suggesting that several variants of this species of human alpha-interferon may exist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Preble, O T -- Black, R J -- Friedman, R M -- Klippel, J H -- Vilcek, J -- R01-AI-07057/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI-12948/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 23;216(4544):429-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6176024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Interferons/*blood/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*blood
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
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    Modulation of spasticity: prolonged suppression of a spinal reflex by electrical stimulation (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-09
    Description: Electrical subcutaneous nerve stimulation of radial, median, and saphenous nerves has been shown to produce prolonged analgesia. In a double blind study, such stimulation also suppressed clonus for 3 hours after stimulation ceased in subjects with spasticity. Since the effect is contralateral, each subject was his own control. Because stimulation of the nerve in the wrist suppressed ankle clonus, the mechanism mediating the effect must be centrifugal inhibition. These results suggest that subcutaneous nerve stimulation may also be a tool in the management of spasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 9;216(4542):203-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Electric Stimulation ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Motor Neurons/physiopathology ; Muscle Spasticity/physiopathology/*therapy ; Peripheral Nerves/physiopathology ; Reflex/physiology ; Spinal Cord/physiopathology
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  • 78
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    Temporal trends in the lead concentrations of umbilical cord blood (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-25
    Description: Umbilical cord blood specimens from 11,837 births between April 1979 and April 1981 have been analyzed for lead by anodic stripping voltammetry. The mean was 6.56 +/- 3.19 (standard deviation) micrograms per deciliter of blood, and the range was 0.0 to 37.0 micrograms per deciliter. The mean decreased annually by 0.77 +/- 0.03 microgram per deciliter, about 11 percent. Lead concentrations were higher in infants born in summer than in infants born in winter (7.17 versus 5.99, probability less than .001). A Fourier model of the data is presented, and possible reasons for the decline are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rabinowitz, M B -- Needleman, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 25;216(4553):1429-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Boston ; Environmental Exposure ; Fetal Blood/*analysis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lead/*blood ; Longitudinal Studies ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Seasons
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  • 79
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    How do we avoid confounding the direction we are looking and the direction we are moving? (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: Contrary to a previous assumption, the center of the expanding pattern of visual flow is not generally useful as an aid in judging the direction of self motion since its direction depends on the direction of gaze. For some visual environments, however, the point of maximum rate of change of magnification in the retinal image coincides with the direction of self motion, independently of the direction of gaze. This visual indicator could be used to judge the direction of self motion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Regan, D -- Beverley, K I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):194-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Motion Perception/*physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Retina/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Manipulation of event-related potential manifestations of information processing stages (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: The timing of two event-related potential components was differentially affected by two experimental variables. The earlier component (NA) was affected by degradation of the stimuli and the later component (N2) by the nature of a classification task. The results support the hypothesis that NA and N2 reflect sequential stages of information processing, namely, pattern recognition and stimulus classification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ritter, W -- Simson, R -- Vaughan, H G Jr -- Macht, M -- HD 10804/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- IF32 AGO-5193/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH 06723/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Information Theory ; Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 81
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    Human fetal movement: spontaneous oscillations near one cycle per minute (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: Spectral analysis of spontaneous fluctuations in human fetal movement revealed strong oscillations at frequencies between 0.24 and 0.90 cycle per minute, which are much higher than those of the cyclic alternation of quiet and active states in the fetus and neonate. Oscillations at frequencies up to 2.88 cycles per minute were also detected, but they were usually much weaker. The prominent peaks in the fetal movement spectra are in the frequency range of recently reported neonatal motor rhythms, and indicate the existence of a cyclic process controlling spontaneous motor output that oscillates near one cycle per minute and begins to function in utero.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robertson, S S -- Dierker, L J -- Sorokin, Y -- Rosen, M G -- M01RR00210/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50HD11089/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1327-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Movement ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Spectrum Analysis/methods ; Time Factors
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  • 82
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    Tonotopic organization of the human auditory cortex (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-06-18
    Description: Neuromagnetic measurements of responses to auditory stimuli consisting of pure tones amplitude-modulated at a low frequency have been used to deduce the location of cortical activity. The evoked field source systematically increased in depth beneath the scalp with increasing frequency of the tone. The tonotopic progression can be described as a logarithmic mapping.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romani, G L -- Williamson, S J -- Kaufman, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 18;216(4552):1339-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Auditory Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Humans ; Magnetics
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  • 83
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    Endemic pleural disease associated with exposure to mixed fibrous dust in Turkey (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-30
    Description: Pleural mesothelioma, lung cancer, pleural calcification and fibrosis, and interstitial parenchymal fibrosis have been observed among inhabitants of several villages in south-central Turkey. Earlier reports have stated that environmental and lung tissue samples from this area contained the fibrous zeolite mineral erionite, and this mineral has generally been assumed to be the agent responsible for these endemic pathological conditions in the absence of asbestos outcroppings and usage. Several different kinds of asbestos minerals in addition to erionite have now been found in environmental samples taken from the villages where these diseases occur. The lung tissues of mesothelioma patients from these villages contain both fibrous zeolites and asbestos minerals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohl, A N -- Langer, A M -- Moncure, G -- Selikoff, I J -- Fischbein, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 30;216(4545):518-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7071597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dust ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/*chemically induced ; Lung Neoplasms/*chemically induced/epidemiology ; Mesothelioma/*chemically induced/epidemiology ; Turkey
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  • 84
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    Subperiosteal expansion and cortical remodeling of the human femur and tibia with aging (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: Increases with aging in subperiosteal dimensions and second moments of area (measures of bending and torsional rigidity) in femoral and tibial cross sections are documented in an archeological sample from the American Southwest. Significant differences between cross-sectional sites and between sexes in the pattern of cortical remodeling with age are also present. These differences appear to be related to variations in the stress or strain levels in different regions of the femur and tibia which result from in vivo mechanical loadings of the lower limb.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruff, C B -- Hayes, W C -- AM00749/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26740/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):945-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aging ; Bone Development ; Female ; Femur/*physiology ; Fractures, Bone/etiology ; Growth ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periosteum/*physiology ; Physical Exertion ; Sex Characteristics ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tibia/*physiology
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  • 85
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    Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: loss of neurons in the basal forebrain (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-03-05
    Description: Recent evidence indicates that the nucleus basalis of Meynert, a distinct population of basal forebrain neurons, is a major source of cholinergic innervation of the cerebral cortex. Postmortem studies have previously demonstrated profound reduction in the presynaptic markers for cholinergic neurons in the cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. The results of this study show that neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert undergo a profound (greater than 75 percent) and selective degeneration in these patients and provide a pathological substrate of the cholinergic deficiency in their brains. Demonstration of selective degeneration of such neurons represents the first documentation of a loss of a transmitter-specific neuronal population in a major disorder of higher cortical function and, as such, points to a critical subcortical lesion in Alzheimer's patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitehouse, P J -- Price, D L -- Struble, R G -- Clark, A W -- Coyle, J T -- Delon, M R -- MH 00125/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 26654/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1237-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Alzheimer Disease/*pathology/physiopathology ; Basal Ganglia/*pathology ; Dementia/*pathology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Neural Pathways/pathology
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  • 86
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    Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli producing biosynthetic human insulin proteins (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-02-05
    Description: Escherichia coli that has been genetically manipulated by recombinant DNA technology to synthesize human insulin polypeptides (A chain, B chain, or proinsulin) contains prominent cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The amount of inclusion product within the cells corresponds to the quantity of chimeric protein formed by the bacteria. At peak production, the inclusion bodies may occupy as much as 20 percent of the Escherichia coli cellular volume.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, D C -- Van Frank, R M -- Muth, W L -- Burnett, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 5;215(4533):687-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7036343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure ; DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Humans ; Insulin/*genetics ; Microscopy, Electron ; Plasmids
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  • 87
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    Type A behavior and elevated physiological and neuroendocrine responses to cognitive tasks (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: Qualitatively distinct patterns of cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses were observed in male college students during mental work and during sensory intake task performance. During mental work, Type A (coronary-prone) subjects showed greater muscle vasodilatation and more enhanced secretion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol than Type B subjects. During sensory intake, Type A hyperresponsivity was found for testosterone and, among those subjects with a positive family history of hypertension, for cortisol. As a demonstration of combined cardiovascular, sympathetic nervous system, and neuroendocrine hyperresponsivity to specific cognitive tasks in Type A subjects, this study breaks ground in the search for mechanisms mediating the increased coronary disease risk among Type A persons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, R B Jr -- Lane, J D -- Kuhn, C M -- Melosh, W -- White, A D -- Schanberg, S M -- HL-22740/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MH-6489/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-70482/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):483-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/*physiology ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; Hemodynamics ; Hormones/blood ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Risk
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  • 88
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    A new perceptual context-superiority effect: line segments are more visible against a figure than against a ground (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-11-05
    Description: Context, specifically the perceived figure or ground of an ambiguous form that surrounds a diagonal line segment, can influence the discrimination of that line segment even though the physical attributes of the context remain the same during figure-ground reversals. When the line segment was flashed on a region of the form seen as figure, discrimination was twice as accurate as when the line segment was flashed in isolation, and it was at least three times as accurate as when the line segment was flashed on that same region seen as ground.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, E -- Weisstein, N -- EY-03432/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):587-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology ; Form Perception/*physiology ; Humans ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    Potassium iodide: effectiveness after nuclear accidents (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yalow, R S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 19;218(4574):742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Accidents ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism/*radiotherapy ; Iodine Radioisotopes/*adverse effects ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology ; *Nuclear Energy ; Potassium Iodide/*therapeutic use ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology
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  • 90
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    Transformation of human leukocytes by cocultivation with an adult T cell leukemia virus producer cell line (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-08-20
    Description: The transmission of adult T cell leukemia virus, a human retrovirus, into fresh leukocytes from normal humans was examined. One of three virus-carrying cell lines, tested after being subjected to lethal x-irradiation, consistently transformed leukocytes from adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood. All the transformed cell lines expressed adult T cell leukemia virus-associated antigen, but transformed lines originating from adult and umbilical cord blood exhibited T cell and non-T, non-B cell surface natures, respectively. Efforts to transform human leukocytes with cell-free virus were unsuccessful.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamamoto, N -- Okada, M -- Koyanagi, Y -- Kannagi, M -- Hinuma, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 20;217(4561):737-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6980467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Surface/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line ; Fetal Blood ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukocytes/*physiology ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Transformation, Genetic
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  • 91
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    Molecular weight of human gamma interferon is similar to that of other human interferons (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-22
    Description: The molecular weight (as determined by molecular sieve chromatography) of human gamma interferon, formerly referred to as immune or type II interferon, is between 40,000 and 70,000. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gamma interferon activity was recovered mainly from two regions of the gels corresponding to molecular weights of 20,000 and 25,000. The results suggest that in native form human gamma interferon may be aggregated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yip, Y K -- Barrowclough, B S -- Urban, C -- Vilcek, J -- R01-AI-07057/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI-12948/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 22;215(4531):411-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6173921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Glycoproteins ; Humans ; *Interferons ; Lymphocytes ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Weight
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  • 92
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    Wound tissue can utilize a polymeric template to synthesize a functional extension of skin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: Prompt and long-term closure of full-thickness skin wounds is guinea pigs and humans is achieved by applying a bilayer polymeric membrane. The membrane comprises a top layer of a silicone elastomer and a bottom layer of a porous cross-linked network of collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The bottom layer can be seeded with a small number of autologous basal cells before grafting. No immunosuppression is used and infection, exudation, and rejection are absent. Host tissue utilizes the sterile membrane as a culture medium to synthesize neoepidermal and neodermal tissue. A functional extension of skin over the entire wound area is formed in about 4 weeks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yannas, I V -- Burke, J F -- Orgill, D P -- Skrabut, E M -- GM 21700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 23946/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 14322/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7031899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Burns/*therapy ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Collagen/therapeutic use ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans/therapeutic use ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicone Elastomers/therapeutic use ; *Skin Transplantation ; *Wound Healing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 93
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    The origin of man: a chromosomal pictorial legacy (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-19
    Description: Man, gorilla, and chimpanzee likely shared an ancestor in whom the fine genetic organization of chromosomes was similar to that of present man. A comparative analysis of high-resolution chromosomes from orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, and man suggests that 18 or 23 pairs of chromosomes of modern man are virtually identical to those of our "common hominoid ancestor", with the remaining pairs slightly different. From this lineage, gorilla separated fist, and three major chromosomal rearrangements presumably occurred in a progenitor of chimpanzee and man before the final divergence of these tow species. A precursor of the hominoid ancestor and orangutan is also assumed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yunis, J J -- Prakash, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 19;215(4539):1525-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosomes, Human/*ultrastructure ; Humans ; Karyotyping/methods ; Primates/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Type II collagen autoimmunity in otosclerosis and Meniere's Disease (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-17
    Description: Antibodies to collagen types I, II, and IV were measured in patients with otosclerosis and patients with Meniere's disease. Levels of antibodies to type II collagen were significantly higher in these patients than in control subjects, while no differences were found among levels of antibodies to collagen type I or type IV. These observations suggest a possible role for type II collagen autoimmunity in the etiology of otosclerosis and Meniere's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoo, T J -- Stuart, J M -- Kang, A H -- Townes, A S -- Tomoda, K -- Dixit, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 17;217(4565):1153-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autoantibodies/analysis ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology ; Collagen/classification/*immunology ; Humans ; Meniere Disease/*immunology ; Osteosclerosis/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    The neuroanatomy of amnesia: amygdala-hippocampus versus temporal stem (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: Using a task known to be sensitive to human amnesia, we have evaluated two current hypotheses about which brain regions must be damaged to produce the disorder. Monkeys with bilateral transections of the white matter of the temporal stem were unimpaired, but monkeys with conjoint amygdala-hippocampal lesions exhibited a severe memory deficit. The results indicate that the hippocampus, amygdala, or both, but not the temporal stem, are involved in memory in the monkey and suggest that a rapprochement between the findings for the human and the nonhuman primate may be close at hand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zola-Morgan, S -- Squire, L R -- Mishkin, M -- MH24600/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1337-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6890713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amnesia/*etiology ; Amygdala/*physiology ; Animals ; Brain Injuries/complications ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Macaca fascicularis ; *Memory
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Hemoglobin Parchman: double crossover within a single human gene (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-15
    Description: Structural analysis of a new variant hemoglobin revealed tryptic peptides with the amino acid composition of normal delta-globin, except for two internal peptides, which had the compositions of normal beta-globin. The most likely explanation for these findings is that a double, nonhomologous crossover between the delta-and beta-globin genes had occurred.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, J G 3rd -- Morrison, W T -- Steinberg, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 15;218(4569):291-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; Globins/genetics ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/*genetics ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Neuromagnetic localization of epileptiform spike activity in the human brain (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: Local paroxysmal discharges of epileptic tissue within the human brain, which may be electrically recorded as voltage spikes in the electroencephalogram, also generate extracranial magnetic fields. These fields were assessed by means of recently developed neuromagnetometric techniques. Surface measurements of magnetic spike field strength in the region of the focus appear sufficient to establish the location, depth, orientation, and polarity of currents underlying the paroxysmal discharge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barth, D S -- Sutherling, W -- Engel, J Jr -- Beatty, J -- 78040-29867-5/PHS HHS/ -- RR07009/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):891-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6813968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Epilepsies, Partial/*physiopathology ; Humans ; *Magnetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Epidermis of human skin: pyroelectric and piezoelectric sensor layer (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-28
    Description: The epidermis of live human skin has a permanent electric dipole moment perpendicular to its surface. Voltage responses to a rapid change of temperature are pyroeletric, while voltage responses to pressure pulses are piezoelectric in nature. The time course of the responses depends on dX/dt (X, temperature or pressure). The epidermal surface can react to all physical environmental influences to which nonbiological pyroelectric materials are known to respond. Epidermal voltage signals can be perceived through the intraepidermal and the superficial dermal nervous network. The pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties are also measurable on dead, dry skin samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Athenstaedt, H -- Claussen, H -- Schaper, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 28;216(4549):1018-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6177041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Electrophysiology ; Epidermis/*physiology ; Humans ; Keratins/physiology ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis? (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-18
    Description: A treponema-like spirochete was detected in and isolated from adult Ixodes dammini, the incriminated tick vector of Lyme disease. Causally related to the spirochetes may be long-lasting cutaneous lesions that appeared on New Zealand White rabbits 10 to 12 weeks after infected ticks fed on them. Samples of serum from patients with Lyme disease were shown by indirect immunofluorescence to contain antibodies to this agent. It is suggested that the newly discovered spirochete is involved in the etiology of Lyme disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burgdorfer, W -- Barbour, A G -- Hayes, S F -- Benach, J L -- Grunwaldt, E -- Davis, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 18;216(4552):1317-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7043737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/*microbiology ; Arthritis, Infectious/*microbiology ; Digestive System/microbiology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microvilli/microbiology/ultrastructure ; Rabbits ; Seasons ; Spirochaetales/ultrastructure ; Spirochaetales Infections/*microbiology ; Ticks/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Naloxone reverses neonatal depression caused by fetal asphyxia (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-11
    Description: Pregnant near-term rabbits were given an intravenous dose of saline or the opiate antagonist naloxone and then asphyxiated. The fetuses were delivered by cesarean section and evaluated for respiration, color, muscle tone, response to stimulation, and general activity at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes of age. The naloxone-treated pups had significantly better scores during the first 15 minutes after birth than the saline-treated pups. Naloxone did not adversely affect the scores of nonasphyxiated pups. These data suggest that endogenous opiates worsen the neonatal depression caused by intrauterine asphyxia and that this effect can be reversed by naloxone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chernick, V -- Craig, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 11;216(4551):1252-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7200636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications/*physiopathology ; Depression/prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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