ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • climate change  (56)
  • 551.5
  • Englisch  (109)
  • Dänisch
  • Griechisch
  • Spanisch
  • 2020-2022  (46)
  • 2010-2014  (62)
  • 1990-1994  (1)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1955-1959
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949
Sammlung
Schlagwörter
Sprache
  • Englisch  (109)
  • Dänisch
  • Griechisch
  • Spanisch
  • Deutsch  (19)
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
  • 1
    Unbekannt
    Washington, D. C. : The World Bank
    Schlagwort(e): poverty reduction ; governance ; social justice ; energy efficiency ; social protection ; vulnerability ; climate ; climate change ; global warming ; emissions ; carbon ; equity ; renewable energy ; forest
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Climate change is arguably the most profound challenge facing the international community in the 21st century. It is as much a challenge for poverty reduction, growth, and development as it is a global environmental issue. Climate change could undermine or reverse progress in reducing poverty and attaining the Millennium Development Goals, thereby unraveling many of the development gains of recent decades. It already threatens the livelihoods, health, and well-being of millions of people worldwide, particularly the poorest, most vulnerable groups. This book focuses attention on these previously neglected and poorly understood social dimensions of climate change. It highlights equity and vulnerability as central organizing themes and illustrates the multiple ways that pro-poor climate policy and action should be integrated into existing approaches to poverty reduction and development—from the local to the global levels. This integration is needed both in terms of pro-poor approaches to climate change adaptation and in terms of better managing the social risks and potential benefits associated with measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 319 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821381427
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    Unbekannt
    Washington, D.C. : The World Bank
    Schlagwort(e): emission scenarios ; colors ; vegetative cover ; oceans ; energy efficiency ; greenhouse gas ; temperature anomalies ; temperature ; emission ; greenhouse gas emissions ; carbon ; low-carbon ; climate change ; carbon cycle ; ecosystem ; ipcc ; greenhouse ; climate ; carbon dioxide ; chlorophyll concentration
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Today's enormous development challenges are complicated by the reality of climate change�the two are inextricably linked and together demand immediate attention. Climate change threatens all countries, but particularly developing ones. Understanding what climate change means for development policy is the central aim of the World Development Report 2010. It explores how public policy can change to better help people cope with new or worsened risks, how land and water management must adapt to better protect a threatened natural environment while feeding an expanding and more prosperous population, and how energy systems will need to be transformed.The report is an urgent call for action, both for developing countries who are striving to ensure policies are adapted to the realities and dangers of a hotter planet, and for high-income countries who need to undertake ambitious mitigation while supporting developing countries efforts. A climate-smart world is within reach if we act now to tackle the substantial inertia in the climate, in infrastructure, and in behaviors and institutions; if we act together to reconcile needed growth with prudent and affordable development choices; and if we act differently by investing in the needed energy revolution and taking the steps required to adapt to a rapidly changing planet.In the crowded field of climate change reports, WDR 2010 uniquely: -- emphasizes development -- takes an integrated look at adaptation and mitigation -- highlights opportunities in the changing competitive landscape and how to seize them -- proposes policy solutions grounded in analytic work and in the context of the political economy of reform
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXI, 417 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821379882
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    Unbekannt
    Washington, D. C. : The World Bank
    Schlagwort(e): alternative energy ; sustainable forest management ; carbon finance ; carbon ; forests ; climate change ; biodiversity conservation ; emissions ; oceans ; silver ; colors ; carbon sinks ; carbon offsets ; climate ; ecosystem ; emissions from deforestation ; coral reefs ; carbon stores ; forest ; sustainable forest
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Global warming and changes in climate will have severe and lasting impacts on national efforts to alleviate poverty and promote sustainable development. Some of the world s poorest countries and communities are the most vulnerable and are already suffering the consequences. Yet often these countries are rich in natural capital, ecosystems, and biodiversity that can contribute to solutions as they can to climate change. Biodiversity is the foundation and mainstay of agriculture, forests, and fisheries. Biological resources provide the raw materials for livelihoods, agriculture, medicines, trade, tourism, and industry. Forests, grasslands, freshwater, and marine and other natural ecosystems provide a range of services, often not recognized in national economic accounts but vital to human welfare: regulating water flows and water quality, flood control, pollination, decontamination, carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and nutrient and hydrological cycling. Current efforts to address climate change focus mainly on reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly through cleaner energy strategies, and on attempting to reduce vulnerability of the communities at risk by improving infrastructure to meet new energy and water needs. This book book sets out a compelling argument for including ecosystem-based approaches to mitigation and adaptation as a third essential pillar in national strategies to address climate change. Such ecosystem-based strategies can offer cost-effective, proven and sustainable solutions contributing to, and complementing, other national and regional adaptation strategies.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 114 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821381274
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Unbekannt
    Washington, D. C. : The World Bank
    Schlagwort(e): climate change mitigation ; emission reductions ; electricity ; energy efficiency ; energy policy ; emission ; climate change ; drought ; climate ; forests ; carbon dioxide ; low-carbon ; global greenhouse gas emissions ; emissions ; colors ; deforestation ; transport sector ; global greenhouse gas ; carbon dioxide mitigation
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Governments and civil society in Latin America and the Caribbean should be well informed about the potential costs and benefits of combating climate change, their policy options over the next decades, and the global context for these policy decisions. At the same time, the global community needs to be better informed about the unique perspective of the Latin American and Caribbean region: problems the region will face, its potential contributions toward combating global warming, and how to maximize this potential while continuing to maintain growth and reduce poverty. This book, a companion volume to Low Carbon, High Growth: Latin American Responses to Climate Change, seeks to help fill both these needs.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 200 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821380819
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; global warming ; environmental law ; human rights
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This Study explores arguments about the impact of climate change on human rights, examining the international legal frameworks governing human rights and climate change and identifying the relevant synergies and tensions between them. It considers arguments about (i) the human rights impacts of climate change at a macro level and how these impacts are spread disparately across countries; (ii) how climate change impacts human rights enjoyment within states and the equity and discrimination dimensions of those disparate impacts; and (iii) the role of international legal frameworks and mechanisms, including human rights instruments, particularly in the context of supporting developing countries’ adaptation efforts. The Study surveys the interface of human rights and climate change from the perspective of public international law. It builds upon the work that has been carried out on this interface by reviewing the legal issues it raises and complementing existing analyses by providing a comprehensive legal overview of the area and a focus on obligations upon States and other actors connected with climate change. The objective has therefore been to contribute to the global debate on climate change and human rights by offering a review of the legal dimensions of this interface as well as a survey of the sources of public international law potentially relevant to climate change and human rights in order to facilitate an understanding of what is meant, in legal terms, by 'human rights impacts of climate change' and help identify ways in which international law can respond to this interaction. This is a complex and dynamically evolving legal and policy landscape and this study aims to capture its most salient features insofar as they appear at present.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 145 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821387238
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; emissions ; poverty
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book provides the latest knowledge and practice in responding to the challenge of climate change in cities. Case studies focus on topics such as New Orleans in the context of a fragile environment, a framework to include poverty in the cities and climate change discussion, and measuring the impact of GHG emissions.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 306 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821386675
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    Schlagwort(e): climate change
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book offers an interdisciplinary view of the biophysical issues related to climate change. Climate change is a phenomenon by which the long-term averages of weather events (i.e. temperature, precipitation, wind speed, etc.) that define the climate of a region are not constant but change over time. There have been a series of past periods of climatic change, registered in historical or paleoecological records. In the first section of this book, a series of state-of-the-art research projects explore the biophysical causes for climate change and the techniques currently being used and developed for its detection in several regions of the world. The second section of the book explores the effects that have been reported already on the flora and fauna in different ecosystems around the globe. Among them, the ecosystems and landscapes in arctic and alpine regions are expected to be among the most affected by the change in climate, as they will suffer the more intense changes. The final section of this book explores in detail those issues.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (520 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074191
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Unbekannt
    New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London : Springer
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; mitigation ; fossil energy ; alternative energy ; renewable energy ; solar energy ; biofuel ; atmospheric carbon ; energy conservation ; advanced combustion ; emission ; fuel cells ; precipitation ; sustainability
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: There is a mounting consensus that human behavior is changing the global climate and its consequence could be catastrophic. Reducing the 24 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions from stationary and mobile sources is a gigantic task involving both technological challenges and monumental financial and societal costs. The pursuit of sustainable energy resources, environment, and economy has become a complex issue of global scale that affects the daily life of every citizen of the world. The present mitigation activities range from energy conservation, carbon-neutral energy conversions, carbon advanced combustion process that produce no greenhouse gases and that enable carbon capture and sequestion, to other advanced technologies. From its causes and impacts to its solutions, the issues surrounding climate change involve multidisciplinary science and technology. This handbook will provide a single source of this information. The book will be divided into the following sections: Scientific Evidence of Climate Change and Societal Issues, Impacts of Climate Change, Energy Conservation, Alternative Energies, Advanced Combustion, Advanced Technologies, and Education and Outreach.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 2130 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781441979919
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; atmospheric sciences
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: As societies transition to evidence-based adaptation and management there is increasing recognition of the need for understanding climate change and variability dynamics and impacts at regional levels and for various activities. This book is a contribution toward that goal. Readers interested in climate change management will find detailed discussions of climatic variability dynamics in selected regions as well as new innovative ways of monitoring climate change, assessing climate risks, and predicting impacts. Those interested in refreshing the fundamentals of climate change and climate variability will find a very accessible review of the status of knowledge on the subject, including a balanced interrogation of available evidence. In an attempt to keep the book accessible, every effort was made to minimize technical jargon without compromising scientific accuracy. The result should be useful to researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (203 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111870
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Unbekannt
    Ann Arbor, Michigan : Open Humanities Press
    Schlagwort(e): climate change
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book argues that climate change has a devastating effect on how we think about the future. Once several positive feedback loops in Earth’s dynamic systems, such as the melting of the Arctic icecap or the drying of the Amazon, cross the point of no return, the biosphere is likely to undergo severe and irreversible warming. Nearly everything we do is premised on the assumption that the world we know will endure into the future and provide a sustaining context for our activities. But today the future of a viable biosphere, and thus the purpose of our present activities, is put into question. A disappearing future leads to a broken present, a strange incoherence in the feel of everyday life. We thus face the unprecedented challenge of salvaging a basis for our lives today. That basis, this book argues, may be found in our capacity to assume an infinite responsibility for ecological disaster and, like the biblical Job, to respond with awe to the alien voice that speaks from the whirlwind. By owning disaster and accepting our small place within the inhuman forces of the biosphere, we may discover how to live with responsibility and serenity whatever may come.
    ISBN: 9781607853145
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 11
    Unbekannt
    Washington, D. C. : The World Bank
    Schlagwort(e): land use ; congestion ; climate change ; travel costs ; energy consumption ; fossil fuel ; population density ; trip ; congestion charging ; bus ; rapid transit ; infrastructure projects ; transport ; greenhouse gas ; car ; air ; emissions ; carbon neutral ; toll ; greenhouse gas emissions
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Energy is intrinsic to urban settlements, embedded in the built environment, and directly used to power socio-economic activity, transport and communications, and enable the provision of municipal services. In response to the crucial role of urban energy efficiency for environmentally sustainable and inclusive development processes, ESMAP’s Energy Efficient Cities Initiative (EECI) was launched in October 2008 to facilitate the implementation of practical energy solutions that meet the development priorities of cities, and simultaneously build their climate resilience. Chapter 1 begins with a contextual background on the inter-related associations between energy, socio-economic progress and urbanization. This edited volume compiles seven topical papers presented at the two EECI sponsored sessions during the World Bank’s fifth Urban Research Symposium, held at Marseille, France, June 28-30, 2009. Chapters 2–8 comprise the papers presented at these sessions: i) tools and assessment approaches on energy efficient urban development, and ii) good practices that promote low carbon sectoral interventions. The analytical tools and policy insights offered in this volume extend from integrated assessments of new cities to the impacts of socio-economic, climate and demographic changes on existing cities. Sector-specific interventions are discussed in the context of tools to ‘green’ buildings in Australia, the transformation to efficient lighting systems in the Philippines, and Demand Responsive Transport Systems in France. In addition, the documentation and benchmarking of a variety of low-carbon and carbon neutral good practices provides a range of practical insights on plausible energy efficient interventions in urban sectors. Thus the chapters in this publication comprise significant contributions to the ESMAP objective of mainstreaming and leveraging knowledge and initiatives on urban energy efficiency. Following from them, the last chapter 9 provides a contextual overview of ESMAP’s programmatic priorities to support energy efficient urban growth, to be effected through EECI.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 227 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821383094
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 12
    Schlagwort(e): bulk water ; climate change ; equitable access ; large dams ; river basins ; water conservation ; water infrastructure ; water legislation ; water management ; water quality ; water resources ; water supply ; water use
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The past decade has witnessed a major global shift in thinking about water, including the role that water infrastructure plays in sustainable development. This rethinking aims to balance better the social, economic, and environmental performance aspects in the development and management of large dams. Infrastructure strategies must complement strategies for water, environment, and energy security and for emerging concerns to reduce vulnerability in water resource systems to climate change on the horizon. Communication is central to multi-stakeholder dialogue and partnerships at all levels needed to achieve sustainability and governance reform in water resource management and infrastructure provision. At the same time, communication drives the advocacy to mobilize political will and public support for beneficial change and continuous improvement in practices. This case study emphasizes that is not only important to mobilize all opportunities to reconcile water demand and supply in river basins that are coming under increasing levels of water stress, but also to integrate effectively governance and anti-corruption reforms and sustainability improvements into all stages of the planning and project cycle - adding value for stakeholders.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 116 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821384343
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 13
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; global warming
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book is intended to introduce the reader to examples of the range of practical problems posed by "Global Warming". It includes 11 chapters split into 5 sections. Section 1 outlines the recent changes in the Indian Monsoon, the importance of greenhouse gases to life, and the relative importance of changes in solar radiation in causing the changes. Section 2 discusses the changes to natural hazards such as floods, retreating glaciers and potential sea level changes. Section 3 examines planning cities and transportation systems in the light of the changes, while section 4 looks at alternative energy sources. Section 5 estimates the changes to the carbon pool in the alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The 11 authors come from 9 different countries, so the examples are taken from a truly international set of problems.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071497
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 14
    Unbekannt
    Washington, D.C. : The World Bank
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; caribbean ; climate change ; community ; indigenous peoples ; latin america ; livelihoods ; poverty ; rural development ; vulnerability
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book addresses the implications of climate change on indigenous peoples and communities living in the highlands, lowlands, and coastal areas of Latin America and the Caribbean. Across the region, indigenous people already experience the negative effects of climate change and variability. Their livelihoods are threatened by insecure food supplies and poor health. In addition, their cultural integrity is challenged: Indigenous peoples often blame themselves for the changes they observe in nature, despite their limited emission of greenhouse gasses. This book shows the complexity of how indigenous communities are affected by climate change, explores options for improving resilience, and provides guidance in the design of effective and sustainable adaptations. 'Changing climates of the world create new challenges not only for mainstream societies, but for indigenous and subsistence societies as well. The marginalized populations of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have long paid a price for their isolation from the colonial societies, but now the natural foundations of their marginal, traditional habitats and cultural spaces are being changed in ways that are yet to be fathomed. Kronik and Verner systematically and fairly thoroughly substantiate the effects of changing climate on the flora and fauna and patterns of life among indigenous populations in four regions of LAC: the Amazon, Andean and sub-Andean South America, and the Caribbean. Examinations of the vulnerabilities, adjustments, and potential adaptations of an assortment of peoples in each region illuminate the complexities of understanding what the world is up against with climate change, and can help to inform thinking about how the future will unfold. An extraordinary report of rigorous research that ought to be replicated everywhere.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVI, 185 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821383810
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 15
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): climate change
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Climate change is emerging as one of the most important issues of our time, with the potential to cause profound cascading effects on ecosystems and society. However, these effects are poorly understood and our projections for climate change trends and effects have thus far proven to be inaccurate. In this collection of 24 chapters, we present a cross-section of some of the most challenging issues related to oceans, lakes, forests, and agricultural systems under a changing climate. The authors present evidence for changes and variability in climatic and atmospheric conditions, investigate some the impacts that climate change is having on the Earth's ecological and social systems, and provide novel ideas, advances and applications for mitigation and adaptation of our socio-ecological systems to climate change. Difficult questions are asked. What have been some of the impacts of climate change on our natural and managed ecosystems? How do we manage for resilient socio-ecological systems? How do we predict the future? What are relevant climatic change and management scenarios? How can we shape management regimes to increase our adaptive capacity to climate change? These themes are visited across broad spatial and temporal scales, touch on important and relevant ecological patterns and processes, and represent broad geographic regions, from the tropics, to temperate and boreal regions, to the Arctic.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (486 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071442
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 16
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): climate change
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book shows some of the socio-economic impacts of climate change according to different estimates of the current or estimated global warming. A series of scientific and experimental research projects explore the impacts of climate change and browse the techniques to evaluate the related impacts. These 23 chapters provide a good overview of the different changes impacts that already have been detected in several regions of the world. They are part of an introduction to the researches being done around the globe in connection with this topic. However, climate change is not just an academic issue important only to scientists and environmentalists; it also has direct implications on various ecosystems and technologies.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (454 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074115
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 17
    Schlagwort(e): environmental engineering ; climate change ; global warming
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The failure of the UN climate change summit in Copenhagen in December 2009 to effectively reach a global agreement on emission reduction targets, led many within the developing world to view this as a reversal of the Kyoto Protocol and an attempt by the developed nations to shirk out of their responsibility for climate change. The issue of global warming has been at the top of the political agenda for a number of years and has become even more pressing with the rapid industrialization taking place in China and India. This book looks at the effects of climate change throughout different regions of the world and discusses to what extent cleantech and environmental initiatives such as the destruction of fluorinated greenhouse gases, biofuels, and the role of plant breeding and biotechnology. The book concludes with an insight into the socio-religious impact that global warming has, citing Christianity and Islam.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (646 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077338
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 18
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book provides a general introduction to the popular topic of climate variability. It explores various aspects of climate variability and change from different perspectives, ranging from the basic nature of low-frequency atmospheric variability to the adaptation to climate variability and change. This easy and accessible book can be used by professionals and non professionals alike.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (192 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533076997
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 19
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; climatology ; oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Climatology, the study of climate, is no longer regarded as a single discipline that treats climate as something that fluctuates only within the unchanging boundaries described by historical statistics. The field has recognized that climate is something that changes continually under the influence of physical and biological forces and so, cannot be understood in isolation but rather, is one that includes diverse scientific disciplines that play their role in understanding a highly complex coupled "whole system" that is the earth's climate. The modern era of climatology is echoed in this book. On the one hand it offers a broad synoptic perspective but also considers the regional standpoint, as it is this that affects what people need from climatology. Aspects on the topic of climate change - what is often considered a contradiction in terms - is also addressed. It is all too evident these days that what recent work in climatology has revealed carries profound implications for economic and social policy; it is with these in mind that the final chapters consider acumens as to the application of what has been learned to date.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (398 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535100959
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 20
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; climate policy ; sustainable development
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Anomalous climatic outcomes such as higher temperatures, intense rainfall and flood, frequent and severe droughts are now at the new level. Without appropriate adaptation measures, climate change is bound to exacerbate vulnerability of society, place food security and human health at risk, threaten the lives of growing urban population and impede the goal of attaining sustainable development. The human and social dimensions of climate change, including climate policy, are essential parts of our response to the many challenges emanating from climate change. By focusing on a wide range of topics and involving a diverse array of scholars, this book sheds lights on human and social dimensions of climate change; topics neglected and often poorly understood by scholars and policymakers.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (286 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535108474
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 21
    Schlagwort(e): climate change
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Climate scenarios suggest that current forest stands will face radically different temperature and precipitation conditions in the future. Developing future strategies for forest management in the face of uncertain and highly variable forecasts of future site conditions is a great challenge. Here we have analyzed transnational case studies dealing with different manifestations of climate change effects. We intend to stimulate the discussion on management strategies to adapt forests in the Alps to climate change risks. The presented results are derived from the INTERREG project “Management Strategies to Adapt Alpine Space Forests to Climate Change Risks” that was implemented within the framework of the European Territorial Cooperation “Alpine Space Programme 2007-2013.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (383 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111948
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 22
    Schlagwort(e): hydrology ; pollution ; climate change ; oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Irrigated agriculture is the most significant user of fresh water in the world and, due to the large area occupied, is one of the major pollution sources for the water resources. This book comprises 12 chapters that cover different issues and problematics of irrigated agriculture: from water use in different irrigated systems to pollution generated by irrigated agriculture. Moreover, the book also includes chapters that deal with new possibilities of improving irrigation techniques through the reuse of drainage water and wastewater, helping to reduce freshwater extractions. A wide range of issues is herein presented, related to the evaluation of irrigated agriculture impacts and management practices to reduce these impacts on the environment.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (246 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535104216
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 23
    Unbekannt
    Basel, Beijing, Wuhan : MDPI
    Schlagwort(e): water policy design ; economic efficiency and productivity ; water markets ; climate change ; evaluation instruments
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Over the past few decades, water policies have undergone significant changes in many countries, notably due to the development of national and international political, social, and environmental issues, including globalization, trade liberalization, institutional and legal requirements, changing standards of living, management practices, and technological innovation. Policy changes include both “high level” views about water status and practical instruments, in particular with an emphasis on integrated basin management and economic policy instruments. A relevant part of the water policy literature addresses this topic, mainly as an issue related to environmental conservation. However, water remains a major productive factor, particularly in agriculture. This role is made even more prominent in light of economic crises, increased competition across markets and climate change, as well as fossil energy limitations, which also highlight the water–energy nexus as a key resource issue for future economic viability. The delay, in the past, in recognizing the economic consequences of a limited water supply, and in decoupling economic development from water demand and supply, has resulted in a water-dependent growth model, currently threatened by increasing scarcity and droughts. Consequently, there is now an urgent need for new perspectives for promoting a more sustainable and efficient use of water resources. This calls for, on the one hand, a comprehensive understanding of water efficiency and productivity and, on the other hand, an investigation of the linkages among economic sectors to illustrate trade-offs in water reallocations. In addition, this also points to the need to study the institutional innovations and economic evaluation instruments that are able to better assess policy performance and provide evidence for improved mechanism designs aimed specifically at water efficiency and productivity.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 202 Seiten)
    Ausgabe: Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Water
    ISBN: 9783038420132
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 24
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; gravity change ; isostasy ; tectonics ; volcanism ; deformation ; geodynamic process
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: During the last decades, the monitoring and modelling of various geodynamic processes have gained ever increasing importance. In particular, temporal variations of the deformation and gravity fields recorded by new types of geodetic measuring techniques and reflecting isostatic, tectonic or volcanic processes in the earth's interior as well as climatologically induced changes on its surface have opened new avenues. The present volume succeeds a similar topical volume published in 2007 and reflects the most recent developments in these fields of research. Part of the papers in this book were presented at the second workshop on 'Deformation and Gravity Change: Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism and Climate Change' that took place at the Casa de los Volcanes on Lanzarote, Spain, during March 27-30, 2007. It was jointly organized and supported by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, the Spanish Council for Scientific Research and the Cabildo Insular de Lanzarote. The workshop also served as the second meeting of the members of the IAG Working Group ICCT2 on 'Dynamic Theories of Deformation and Gravity Fields'.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (373 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034601474
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 25
    Unbekannt
    Washington, D. C. : The World Bank
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; climate change ; climate projections
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: While the energy sector is a primary target of efforts to arrest and reverse the growth of greenhouse gas emissions and lower the carbon footprint of development, it is also expected to be increasingly affected by unavoidable climate consequences from the damage already induced in the biosphere. Energy services and resources, as well as seasonal demand, will be increasingly affected by changing trends, increasing variability, greater extremes and large inter-annual variations in climate parameters in some regions. All evidence suggests that adaptation is not an optional add-on but an essential reckoning on par with other business risks. Existing energy infrastructure, new infrastructure and future planning need to consider emerging climate conditions and impacts on design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Integrated risk-based planning processes will be critical to address the climate change impacts and harmonize actions within and across sectors. Also, awareness, knowledge, and capacity impede mainstreaming of climate adaptation into the energy sector. However, the formal knowledge base is still nascent—information needs are complex and to a certain extent regionally and sector specific. This report provides an up-to-date compendium of what is known about weather variability and projected climate trends and their impacts on energy service provision and demand. It discusses emerging practices and tools for managing these impacts and integrating climate considerations into planning processes and operational practices in an environment of uncertainty. It focuses on energy sector adaptation, rather than mitigation which is not discussed in this report. This report draws largely on available scientific and peer-reviewed literature in the public domain and takes the perspective of the developing world to the extent possible.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXXIX, 178 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821386989
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 26
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; glaciers ; Peru ; Andes ; water regulation
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Climate change is beginning to have effects on climate, weather and resource availability in ways that need to be anticipated when planning for the future. In particular, changes in rainfall patterns and temperature may impact the intensity or schedule of water availability. Also the retreat of tropical glaciers, the drying of unique Andean wetland ecosystems, as well as increased weather variability and weather extremes will affect water regulation. These changes have the potential to impact the energy and other sectors, such as agriculture, and could have broader economic effects. Anticipating the impacts of climate change is a new frontier. There are few examples of predictions of the impact of climate change on resource availability and even fewer examples of the applications of such predictions to planning for sustainable economic development. However, having access to an effective methodology would allow planners and policy makers to better plan for adaptation measures to address the consequences of climate change on the power and water sectors. This report presents a summary of the efforts to develop methodological tools for the assessment of climate impacts on surface hydrology in the Peruvian Andes. It is targeted to decision makers in Peru and in other countries to give them guidance on how to choose available and suitable tools and make an assessment of climate impacts on water regulation.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIX, 157 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821386637
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 27
    Schlagwort(e): greenhouse gas emission reduction ; energy consumption ; bus ; greenhouse gas emission ; rapid transit ; pedestrian ; pedestrian pathway ; climate change ; transportation network ; road pricing ; emission ; urban transportation ; travel demand ; rebates ; greenhouse gas ; road ; transport ; transport sector ; transit ; travel demand management
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Eco2 Cities approach is a point of departure for cities that would like to reap the many benefits of ecological and economic sustainability. It provides an analytical and operational framework that offers strategic guidance to cities on sustainable and integrated urban development. At the same time case studies are used throughout the book to provide a matter-of-fact and ground-level perspective. The Eco2 framework is flexible and easily customized to the context of each country or city. Based on the particular circumstances and the development priorities of a city - the application of the framework can contribute to the development of a unique action plan or roadmap in each case. This action plan can be triggered through catalyst projects.To support this framework, the book also begins to introduce some powerful and practical methods and tools that can further enable sustainable and integrated city planning and decision making. These include 1) operational and process methods that can strengthen collaborative decision making and cross-sector synergies in a city; 2) analytical methods ranging from diagnostics, simulation, design and scenario-generation; and 3) accounting and benchmarking methods which can help clarify, define and measure what it means to truly invest in sustainability and resilience.As additional reference reading, the book also features a series of case studies from best practice cities around the world, each demonstrating a very different dimension of the Eco2 approach. It also features a series of infrastructure sector notes (on spatial development, transport, energy, water and waste management), each of which explore sector specific issues as they pertain to urban development, and the many opportunities for coordination and integration across sectors.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821381441
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 28
    Schlagwort(e): carbon ; energy ; climate change ; coal emissions ; energy efficiency
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This study from the Independent Evaluation Group draws lessons for development and climate change mitigation from the World Bank Group’s far-reaching portfolio of projects in energy, forestry, transport, coal power, and technology transfer. Reviewing what has worked, what hasn’t, and why, the evaluation’s key findings include: Energy efficiency can offer countries direct economic returns that dwarf those of most other development projects, while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Tropical forest protected areas, on average, significantly reduce tropical deforestation, preserving carbon and biodiversity. Deforestation rates are lower in areas that allowed sustainable use by local populations than in strictly protected areas. Deforestation rates were lowest of all in indigenous forest areas. For renewable energy projects, long-duration loans have been important in making projects financially viable.. But at prevailing carbon prices, carbon offset sales had little impact on most renewable energy projects’ rate of returns, and did not address investors’ need for up-front capital. Technology transfer – broadly understood to include diffusion of technical and financial innovations related to low-carbon development – has worked well when the logic of piloting and demonstration is well thought out, and when grants are used to mitigate the risk of pioneering efforts.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXXIX, 128 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821386545
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 29
    Schlagwort(e): climate change
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book provides an interdisciplinary view of how to prepare the ecological and socio-economic systems to the reality of climate change. Scientifically sound tools are needed to predict its effects on regional, rather than global, scales, as it is the level at which socio-economic plans are designed and natural ecosystem reacts. The first section of this book describes a series of methods and models to downscale the global predictions of climate change, estimate its effects on biophysical systems and monitor the changes as they occur. To reduce the magnitude of these changes, new ways of economic activity must be implemented. The second section of this book explores different options to reduce greenhouse emissions from activities such as forestry, industry and urban development. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that climate change can be minimized, but not avoided, and therefore the socio-economic systems around the world will have to adapt to the new conditions to reduce the adverse impacts to the minimum. The last section of this book explores some options for adaptation.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (488 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533076218
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 30
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; adaptation technologies
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sea level rise, more intense storm surges, and other climate change impacts will pose serious threats to large number of people living along the worlds coasts. This guidebook covers thirteen main adaptation technologies for coastal erosion and flooding due to climate change. For each technology, the authors present a technology description, its advantages and disadvantages, costs and benefits, institutional organisation requirements and detailed examples about its application. This guidebook is co-authored by Matthew M. Linham and Robert J. Nicholls from the University of Southampton. Professor Nicholls is one of the top international experts on coastal impacts and adaptation to climate change, with an emphasis on seal level rise. This guidebook will be a useful handbook for policy makers and coastal zone project planners. This publication is one of the adaptation and mitigation technology guidebooks produced as part of the GEF-funded Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) project. This project is undertaken by UNEP and URC in 36 developing countries.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 150 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9788755038554
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 31
    Schlagwort(e): cities ; climate change ; distaster risk management ; environmental buffers ; flooding ; urban development
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Urban flooding is a significant challenge which today increasingly confronts the residents of the expanding cities and towns of developing countries, as well as policymakers and national, regional and local government officials. The Global Handbook presents the state-of-the art in urban flood risk management in a thorough and user-friendly way. It serves as a primer in integrated urban flood risk management for technical specialists, decision-makers and other concerned stakeholders in the private and community sectors. It covers the causes, probability and impacts of floods; the measures that can be used to manage flood risk, balancing structural and non-structural solutions in an integrated fashion; and the means by which these measures can be financed and implemented, and their progress monitored and evaluated.The Handbook provides an operational guide on how most effectively to manage the risk of floods in rapidly urbanizing settings – and within the context of a changing climate.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (631 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821394779
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 32
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): climate change
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Earth is the only planet in our solar system that supports life. The complex process of evolution occurred on Earth only because of some unique environmental conditions that were present: water, an oxygen-rich atmosphere, and a suitable surface temperature. Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). Thus, it requires field of attention towards reduction in the rise in atmospheric temperature, by controlling emitted greenhouse gases into the atmosphere in order to preserve natural resources and by introducing new technologies on alternative fuels. This book presents the fundamental effect on the origin of climate change, impacts over ice cap, melting of Arctic ice, rise in sea level and related technologies that can be implemented to cultivate our land for agriculture, growing forestation to reduce the impact of temperature rise and disaster on human being as well as on other livelihood. This also need to strive for novel policies that world leader should adopt.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (508 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535109341
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 33
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): earth and planetary sciences ; oceanography and atmospheric sciences ; climate change
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (247 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535111320
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 34
    Unbekannt
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Schlagwort(e): energy ; wind power ; solar photovoltaics ; climate change ; electricity ; renewable energy ; energy security
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Wind power and solar photovoltaics (PV) are crucial to meeting future energy needs while decarbonising the power sector. Deployment of both technologies has expanded rapidly in recent years, one of the few bright spots in an otherwise bleak picture of clean energy progress. However, the inherent variability of wind power and solar PV raises unique and pressing questions. Can power systems remain reliable and cost-effective while supporting high shares of variable renewable energy (VRE)? And if so, how? Based on a thorough review of the integration challenge, this publication - gauges the economic significance of VRE integration impacts - highlights the need for a system-wide approach to integrating high shares of VRE - recommends how to achieve a cost-effective transformation of the power system. This book summarises the results of the third phase of the Grid Integration of VRE (GIVAR) project, undertaken by the IEA over the past two years. It is rooted in a set of seven case studies, comprising 15 countries on four continents. It deepens the technical analysis of previous IEA work and lays out an analytical framework for understanding the economics of VRE integration impacts. Based on detailed modelling, the impact of high shares of VRE on total system costs is analysed. In addition, the four flexible resources which are available to facilitate VRE integration – generation, grid infrastructure, storage and demand side integration – are assessed in terms of their technical performance and cost-effectiveness.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (234 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264208032
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 35
    Unbekannt
    West Lafayette, Indiana : Purdue University Press
    Schlagwort(e): energy policy ; energy crisis ; climate change ; global warming ; alternative energy
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: We are facing a global energy crisis caused by world population growth, an escalating increase in demand, and continued dependence on fossil-based fuels for generation. It is widely accepted that increases in greenhouse gas concentration levels, if not reversed, will result in major changes to world climate with consequential effects on our society and economy. This is just the kind of intractable problem that Purdue University’s Global Policy Research Institute seeks to address in the Purdue Studies in Public Policy series by promoting the engagement between policy makers and experts in fields such as engineering and technology. Major steps forward in the development and use of technology are required. In order to achieve solutions of the required scale and magnitude within a limited timeline, it is essential that engineers be not only technologically-adept but also aware of the wider social and political issues that policy-makers face. Likewise, it is also imperative that policy makers liaise closely with the academic community in order to realize advances. This book is designed to bridge the gap between these two groups, with a particular emphasis on educating the socially-conscious engineers and technologists of the future. In this accessibly-written volume, central issues in global energy are discussed through interdisciplinary dialogue between experts from both North America and Europe. The first section provides an overview of the nature of the global energy crisis approached from historical, political, and sociocultural perspectives. In the second section, expert contributors outline the technology and policy issues facing the development of major conventional and renewable energy sources. The third and final section explores policy and technology challenges and opportunities in the distribution and consumption of energy, in sectors such as transportation and the built environment. The book’s epilogue suggests some future scenarios in energy distribution and use.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 304 Seiten)
    Ausgabe: Knowledge Unlatched Open Access Edition
    ISBN: 9781612493091
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 36
    Unbekannt
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Schlagwort(e): Block Diagram ; Heirarchical Models ; State Space Models ; climate ; climate change ; climatology ; global climate change ; greenhouse effect ; system theory ; systems modelling
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book bridges the gap between system theory and global climate change research, and benefits both. A representative set of systems problems is listed indicating how such cross-fertilization would enhance present understanding of global problems while assisting the extension of systems theory. The goal is a comprehensive conceptual model of global change which encompasses atmosphere, lithosphere, ocean, biosphere and cryosphere. The systems model is developed in two steps using a "block diagram" approach. First, causality flows among principal components are identified and a block diagram representation is constructed. Second, mathematical description of the mappings represented by the blocks is derived from the physical principles and known disciplinary models. The generation of the complete block diagram is believed to be the first of its kind. A number of helpful features characterize the book. Chapter 1 provides the basic framework and organization of the book. Chapter 2 is a primer to global climate systems for the reader unfamiliar with the subject of the scientific aspects of global warning. A list of notation in Appendix B, a glossary of global climate change research search terminology, and a detailed index for cross referencing are included. Additionally, a representative set of relevant systems problems in global change is listed at the end of the book.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 261 pages)
    ISBN: 9783540393122
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 37
    Schlagwort(e): china ; climate change ; east asia ; energy and environment ; energy efficiency ; energy financing ; energy policy ; renewable energy ; sustainable energy ; world bank
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: East Asia has experienced the fastest economic growth in the world over the last three decades, accompanied by a 10-fold gross domestic product increase and rapid urbanization. Energy consumption has more than tripled during this period and is expected to double over the next 20 years. This remarkable trend has led to twin energy challenges in the region - environmental sustainability and energy security. Written for an audience of energy policy makers and practitioners, Winds of Change explores the region’s energy future over the next two decades through two energy scenarios. It outlines the strategic direction East Asia’s energy sector must take to meet its growing energy demand in an environmentally sustainable manner, and presents a pathway of policy frameworks and financing mechanisms to get there. The six East Asian countries - China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam - examined in this book could, with the right policies and financing, stabilize CO2 emissions by 2025, improve their local environment, and enhance energy security without compromising economic growth. They must move their energy sectors toward much higher efficiency and more widespread use of low-carbon technologies, while obtaining substantial financing and low-carbon technologies from developed countries. This clean energy revolution requires major policy and institutional reforms, including energy pricing reforms, regulations such as energy efficiency standards, financial incentives such as feed-in tariffs for renewable energy, and accelerated research and development. Finally, building low-carbon cities will be key to containing the rapid urban energy growth through compact urban design, public transport, clean vehicles, and green buildings. The window of opportunity is closing fast - delaying action would lock the region into a longlasting high-carbon infrastructure. The technical and policy means exist for such transformational changes, but only strong political will and unprecedented international cooperation will make them happen.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 154 Seiten)
    ISBN: 978082138502
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 38
    Unbekannt
    Venezia : Università Iuav di Venezia
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; urbanisme ; Veneto region ; water ; waterscape
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: “Extreme City - Climate change and the transformation of the waterscape” is the book about the results of the Intensive Learning Programme held recently at the Iuav University (Venice, 3rd – 15th April 2010) with the projectual explorations of the EMU students and the teachers contributions. The goals of the intensive programme have been to deal with changes in the water space in climate change conditions. A “research by design” approach was chosen as the starting point of a reflection on techniques and forms of knowledge which use the project to tackle complex issues. A multidisciplinary approach has been proposed to deal with the vulnerability of a dispersedly inhabited region.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (289 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9788887697438
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 39
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; global warming
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book addresses the theme of the impacts of global warming on different specific fields, ranging from the regional and global economy, to agriculture, human health, urban areas, land vegetation, marine areas and mangroves. Despite the volume of scientific work that has been undertaken in relation to each of each of these issues, the study of the impacts of global warming upon them is a relatively recent and unexplored topic. The chapters of this book offer a broad overview of potential applications of global warming science. As this science continues to evolve, confirm and reject study hypotheses, it is hoped that that this book will stimulate further developments in relation to the impacts of changes in the global climate.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (290 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077857
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 40
    Schlagwort(e): cities ; climate change ; distaster risk management ; environmental buffers ; flooding ; urban development
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Urban flooding is a significant challenge which today increasingly confronts the residents of the expanding cities and towns of developing countries, as well as policymakers and national, regional and local government officials. The Global Handbook presents the state-of-the art in urban flood risk management in a thorough and user-friendly way. It serves as a primer in integrated urban flood risk management for technical specialists, decision-makers and other concerned stakeholders in the private and community sectors. It covers the causes, probability and impacts of floods; the measures that can be used to manage flood risk, balancing structural and non-structural solutions in an integrated fashion; and the means by which these measures can be financed and implemented, and their progress monitored and evaluated. The Handbook provides an operational guide on how most effectively to manage the risk of floods in rapidly urbanizing settings – and within the context of a changing climate.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (631 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821394779
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 41
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; oceanography ; atmospheric sciences
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Climate Models offers a sampling of cutting edge research contributed by an international roster of scientists. The studies strive to improve our understanding of the physical environment for life on this planet. Each of the 14 essays presents a description of recent advances in methodologies for computer-based simulation of environmental variability. Subjects range from planetary-scale phenomena to regional ecology, from impacts of air pollution to the factors influencing floods and heat waves. The discerning reader will be rewarded with new insights concerning modern techniques for the investigation of the natural world.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101352
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 42
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): phenology ; climate change ; agricultural and biological sciences
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Phenology, a study of animal and plant life cycle, is one of the most obvious and direct phenomena on our planet. The timing of phenological events provides vital information for climate change investigation, natural resource management, carbon sequence analysis, and crop and forest growth monitoring. This book summarizes recent progresses in the understanding of seasonal variation in animals and plants and its correlations to climate variables. With the contributions of phenological scientists worldwide, this book is subdivided into sixteen chapters and sorted in four parts: animal life cycle, plant seasonality, phenology in fruit plants, and remote sensing phenology. The chapters of this book offer a broad overview of phenology observations and climate impacts. Hopefully this book will stimulate further developments in relation to phenology monitoring, modeling and predicting.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (320 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103363
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 43
    Schlagwort(e): archaeology ; northern Australia ; environment ; climate change
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The research presented here is primarily concerned with human-environment interactions on the tropical coast of northern Australia during the late Holocene. Based on the suggestion that significant change can occur within short time-frames as a direct result of interactive processes, the archaeological evidence from the Point Blane Peninsula, Blue Mud Bay, is used to address the issue of how much change and variability occurred in hunter-gatherer economic and social structures during the late Holocene in coastal northeastern Arnhem Land. The suggestion proposed here is that processes of environmental and climatic change resulted in changes in resource distribution and abundance, which in turn affected patterns of settlement and resource exploitation strategies, levels of mobility and, potentially, the size of foraging groups on the coast. The question of human behavioural variability over the last 3000 years in Blue Mud Bay has been addressed by examining issues of scale and resolution in archaeological interpretation, specifically the differential chronological and spatial patterning of shell midden and mound sites on the peninsula in conjunction with variability in molluscan resource exploitation. To this end, the biological and ecological characteristics of the dominant molluscan species is considered in detail, in combination with assessing the potential for human impact through predation. Investigating pre-contact coastal foraging behaviour via the archaeological record provides an opportunity for change to recognised in a number of ways. For example, a differential focus on resources, variations in group size and levels of mobility can all be identified. It has also been shown that human-environment interactions are non-linear or progressive, and that human behaviour during the late Holocene was both flexible and dynamic.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIX, 216 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781925021103
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 44
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): greenhouse gases ; global warming ; climate change
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Understanding greenhouse gas capture, utilization, reduction, and storage is essential for solving issues such as global warming and climate change that result from greenhouse gas. Taking advantage of the authors' experience in greenhouse gases, this book discusses an overview of recently developed techniques, methods, and strategies: - Novel techniques and methods on greenhouse gas capture by physical adsorption and separation, chemical structural reconstruction, and biological utilization. - Systemic discussions on greenhouse gas reduction by policy conduction, mitigation strategies, and alternative energy sources. - A comprehensive review of geological storage monitoring technologies.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (348 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101925
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 45
    Unbekannt
    Rijeka : InTech
    Schlagwort(e): greenhouse gases ; global warming ; climate change
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Understanding greenhouse gas sources, emissions, measurements, and management is essential for capture, utilization, reduction, and storage of greenhouse gas, which plays a crucial role in issues such as global warming and climate change. Taking advantage of the authors' experience in greenhouse gases, this book discusses an overview of recently developed techniques, methods, and strategies: - A comprehensive source investigation of greenhouse gases that are emitted from hydrocarbon reservoirs, vehicle transportation, agricultural landscapes, farms, non-cattle confined buildings, and so on. - Recently developed detection and measurement techniques and methods such as photoacoustic spectroscopy, landfill-based carbon dioxide and methane measurement, and miniaturized mass spectrometer.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (514 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103233
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 46
    Schlagwort(e): Australia ; environment ; climate change ; biogeography ; palaeoecology ; human ecology
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Like a star chart this volume orientates the reader to the key issues and debates in Pacific and Australasian biogeography, palaeoecology and human ecology. A feature of this collection is the diversity of approaches ranging from interpretation of the biogeographic significance of plant and animal distributional patterns, pollen analysis from peats and lake sediments to discern Quaternary climate change, explanation of the patterns of faunal extinction events, the interplay of fire on landscape evolution, and models of the environmental consequences of human settlement patterns. The diversity of approaches, geographic scope and academic rigor are a fitting tribute to the enormous contributions of Geoff Hope. As made apparent in this volume, Hope pioneered multidisciplinary understanding of the history and impacts of human cultures in the Australia- Pacific region, arguably the globe’s premier model systems for understanding the consequences of human colonization on ecological systems. The distinguished scholars who have contributed to this volume also demonstrate Hope’s enduring contribution as an inspirational research leader, collaborator and mentor. Terra Australis leave no doubt that history matters, not only for land management, but more importantly, in alerting settler and indigenous societies alike to their past ecological impacts and future environmental trajectories.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (512 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781921666810
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: Ozone, balloon-borne measurements, atmospheric trace gases, concentration profiles, climate change. - In the frame of this work, a new small-size balloon-borne sonde was developed. A miniature grating spectrometer in the sonde measures simultaneously the solar spectral irradiance at a wide wavelength range from 200 to 850. As a first application, ozone profiles have been determined by measuring the changes in the spectral irradiance, caused by ozone absorption in the Huggins band. The wide spectral coverage of the spectrometer offers the possibility for measurements of other trace gases which absorb within the wavelength range, e.g. NO2 and BrO. The low weight of the new sonde (1.7 kg), the moderate price, and the autonomous portable telemetry system makes it a very versatile tool for satellite validation and for case studies, which requires a high number of launches. The newly developed sonde works well without temperature stabilisation, even so the spectrometer experiences rather large temperature changes (15 - 20 K) during the ascent through the atmosphere. Laboratory measurements were performed in ...
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 551.8 ; 550
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 148 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Univ. Berlin
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 700 ; TVH 300 ; Verfahren zur Untersuchung der freien Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Lufttemperatur {Meteorologie}
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 153 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Internat. Assoc. of Geomagnetism & Aeronomy
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: This manual and instruction book was written by a group of active researchers, both professional and amateur. There are chapters giving practical advice for taking visual observations, photographing the clouds with film or with video equipment. A summary of observations from space is included, as well as comments on the connection between noctilucent clouds, seen from the ground, and the polar mesospheric clouds that so far have been measured only from orbit. Noctilucent clouds are seen in the summer months, shining in the poleward sky at nighttime. Measurements show that the clouds are higher than any others. Lying at a height of 80-85 kilometers, the clouds mark a boundary between meteorology and space physics. This book is beautifully illustrated with photographs, and will help everyone recognize and appreciate these sailors in the summer night.
    Beschreibung: manual
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 550 ; TVM 530 ; TVB 420
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
    Format: 39 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: The Aggregated Carbon Cycle, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Climate model (ACC2) (Tanaka and Kriegler et al., 2007a) describes physical-biogeochemical processes in the Earth system at a global-annual-mean level. Compared to its predecessors NICCS (Hooss, 2001) and ICM (Bruckner et al., 2003), ACC2 adopts more detailed parameterizations of atmospheric chemistry involving a set of agents (CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, SF6, 29 species of halocarbons, sulfate aerosols (direct effect), carbonaceous aerosols (direct effect), all aerosols (indirect effect), stratospheric H2O, OH, and pollutants NOx, CO, and VOC). In contrast to the Impulse Response Function (IRF) approaches in the predecessor models, ACC2 uses DOECLIM (Kriegler, 2005), a land-ocean Energy Balance Model (EBM), to calculate temperature change. The carbon cycle is described by box models based on the IRF approach. A temperature feedback is newly implemented to ocean and land CO2 uptake. The most novel aspect of ACC2 is its inverse estimation, the first attempt to estimate uncertain parameters simultaneously for the carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry, and climate system by taking their interactions into account. Theoretical underpinning of the ACC2 inversion is the probabilistic inverse estimation theory (Tarantola, 2005), which characterizes the ACC2 inversion as an integration of the existing Earth system knowledge. This includes parameter estimates, observational databases, reconstructions, and physical-biogeochemical laws...
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; TUA 500 ; TOY 000 ; TVA 200 ; VJD 000 ; Meteorologische Modelle ; Energiebilanzen in der Geodynamik {Geophysik} ; Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Geochemie der Atmosphäre
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 300 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: The distribution of hydrometeors is highly variable in space and time, since it is the result of a complex chain of processes with scales from microphysical (1e-6 m) to synoptical (1e3 m). It is a challenging task to observe these highly variable atmospheric constituents on a global scale with a temporal and spatial resolution sufficient for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and hydrological purposes. This study investigates the potential of the millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength range on space-borne sensors for hydrometeor and surface precipitation rate observations. The approach is based on simulations with cloud resolving models (CRMs) coupled to a radiative transfer (RT) model. The simulations are performed for mid-latitude cases covering a broad band of precipitation events such as heavy convective and light stratiform winter precipitation. Realistic atmospheric conditions were simulated with two mesoscale CRMs: the Meso-scale NonHydrostatic model (Meso-NH) on a 10 km and the COSMO-DE (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdeling-DEutschland) on a 2.8 km horizontal resolution. When calculating brightness temperatures for satellite observations with the one-dimensional radiative transfer model MWMOD (MicroWave MODel), the detailed cloud microphysics and the three-dimensional fields of temperature, humidity, and pressure of the CRMs are considered in the calculation of the interaction parameters ...
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; TUA 800 ; TUA 850 ; Radarmeteorologie ; Satellitenmeteorologie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 138 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Univ. Hamburg
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: Aim of the study was to test the capability of multiple trace gas analyses for the assessment of regional carbon budgets. Therefore, air samples were taken by airborne and ground level activities during several field campaigns within Europe. Basic elements for the data acquisition were the development of an adapted sampling system and of an enhanced investigation strategy. By the study important processes like insufficient mixing and advection were identified which could seriously effect the measurements and thus the calculated budgets. The concluding results prompt for improvements regarding appropriate flux estimation techniques and application of the enhanced investigation strategy within a frame of combined measurement activities.
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 700 ; VJI 000 ; VJD 100 ; TVA 210 ; Verfahren zur Untersuchung der freien Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Geochemische Kreislaufmodelle ; Geochemie der Ungestörten Atmosphäre ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 344 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Univ. Köln
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: Wasserdampf ist eines der wichtigsten atmosphärischen Spurengase. Sein Einfluss auf das Klima, die Chemie und den Energiehaushalt ist bedeutend. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei die Wasserdampfverteilung in der oberen Troposphäre insbesondere in den Tropen. Die wichtigste Wasserdampfquelle für die tropische obere Troposphäre ist tropische Konvektion. Ihr wirkt das grossräumige Absinken entgegen, das seine Ursache sowohl in der Dynamik als auch im Strahlungshaushalt hat. Es gleicht die konvektive Aufwärtsbewegung aus und transportiert dabei relativ trockene Luft nach unten. Über den Netto-Effekt dieser beiden Prozesse ist wenig bekannt, vorallem wegen eines Mangels an zuverlässigen Messungen in dieser Region. In dieser Arbeit werden der Wasserdampfgehalt und die Mechanismen, die für die Wasserdampfverteilung in der oberen tropischen Troposphäre verantwortlich sind, mithilfe einer grossen Menge an in-situ Feuchtemessungen untersucht. Die Messungen wurden auf Linienflugzeugen im Rahmen des EU Projektes MOZAIC durchgeführt (Measurements of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service AirCraft; Messungen von Ozon und Wasserdampf auf Airbus Linienflugzeugen). Eine Klimatologie der gemessenen Parameter über dem tropischen Atlantik zeigt, dass die Feuchte auf allen zeitlichen und räumlichen Skalen sehr variabel ist. Die bimodale Verteilung der Feuchte in den Tropen unterscheidet sich ausserdem deutlich von der Verteilung in den Sub-Tropen oder mittleren Breiten...
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 550 ; TVB 100 ; TVL 100
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 54
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: The hyperspectral UV-vis-NIR spectrometer SCIAMACHY will be launched aboard the European satellite Envisat. Its limb measurements will provide vertically resolved profiles of trace gases and other atmospheric parameters. No retrieval algorithms and radiative transfer models have been established for these measurements yet.In this thesis, a unique, fast radiative transfer model for UV-vis-NIR limb radiances has been developed, implemented, and validated. It takes into account the sphericity of the atmosphere and up to two orders of scattering and surface reflection. The weighting functions for all parameters are calculated from analytical formulae. A realistic instrument model with field-of-view integration and signal-to-noise computation and retrieval algorithms have also been implemented. All have been combined in the new program package SCIARAYS. The package has been applied for the characterisation of the limb measurements in several ways:The simulated weighting functions agree well with those due to full multiple scattering. Thus they may be used to calculate theoretical precision estimates and averaging kernels. In conformance with this, test retrievals with approximate weighting functions converge correctly. Therefore, the approximate weighting functions of SCIARAYS are well suited for retrievals from SCIAMACHYś limb measurements.Detailed theoretical retrieval precisions have been calculated for SCIAMACHYś trace gas targets. The conclusion is that a UV-vis-NIR limb sensor like SCIAMACHY is well suited for studying the vertical structure of the stratosphere and also of the upper troposphere above cloud top.Further investigations show that the vertical resolution of retrievals from SCIAMACHYś limb measurements can be improved beyond its geometrical limits. As a trade-off for better vertical resolution, the retrieval precision gets worse. Thus O3 profile features with 1km vertical extent will be detectable with a precision of 20-30%.
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 550.28 ; 550 ; TUA 850 ; TQI 000 ; TVA 210 ; Satellitenmeteorologie ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 247 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: report
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 550
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , publishedVersion
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Environmental Protection Agency, Wexford
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change represented a consensus among the world's leading climate scientists that rapid climate changes were occurring on a global scale. In particular, the marked warming that had occurred over the past half century was, they concluded, substantially caused by the build-up of greenhouse gases in the troposphere as a result of anthropogenic activities. Globally, 1998 was the warmest year of the warmest decade of the warmest century of at least the last millennium. Such fluctuations, the IPCC suggested, were already capable of being associated with changes in a diverse set of physical and biological indicators in many parts of the world. Indicators of climate change are primarily used to simplify a complex reality and to communicate, more succinctly, critical information regarding climatic trends. They also provide an essential early warning system by making available information that may point to an environmental problem which is capable of being ameliorated before it becomes critical. In establishing indicators, a distinction can be made between primary indicators, based on analysis of directly observed meteorological data, and secondary indicators, based on the responses of the living world to climate changes which provoke a response in living organisms.
    Beschreibung: research
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 550 ; TYC 200 ; TWC 100 ; Britische Inseln {Meteorologie und Klimatologie} ; Instr. Ergebn. zu Klimaänderungen und Klimaschwankungen
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
    Format: 66 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Potsdam
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: This thesis examines how the cusp as a feature of the Earth Magnetic Field influences the (neutral) upper atmospheric dynamics. The thermospheric total mass density, as derived from CHAMP satellite data, shows a distinct enhancement in the vicinity of the cusp, the so-called density anomaly. In a climatological analysis this anomaly is identified as a continuous phenomenon of both hemispheres which depends mainly on background density, coupling efficiency between Earth Magnetic Field and Interplanetary Magnetic Field, and solar activity.Air-upwelling from deeper atmospheric layers (neutral fountain effect), as excited by Joule heating, is considered to be the cause of the density anomaly.Its activating mechanisms have been investigated by considering a combined CHAMP-EISCAT campaign, a model study on soft particle precipitation, and an analysis of periodic density anomaly variations and their controlling parameters.According to the results of this study the following mechanism is suggested to cause a cusp-related density anomaly: The energy input by the solar wind provides the power for Joule heating of preferably neutral molecules. Soft particle precipitation in the cusp simultaneously enhances the altitude of maximal Pedersen conductivity, thus lifting up the heated layer in the cusp. Differential expansion of heavier particles changes the local air composition, thus contributing to the density anomaly. The mechanism is more pronounced during high solar activity phases, since a larger background density causes larger density anomaly amplitudes. The phenomenon can affect the global thermospheric density distribution.
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 538.7 ; 550 ; TVB 400 ; TYY 000 ; TGC 900 ; Äußere Atmosphäre insgesamt {Meteorologie} ; Polargebiete {Meteorologie und Klimatologie} ; Solar-terrestrische Erscheinungen {Astronomie}
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 133 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Univ. Bremen
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: During the last years and decades issues related to the physics and chemistry of the Earthś atmosphere have attracted much scientific and public interest. The most important problems are stratospheric ozone loss and the ò̀zone hole ́́above Antarctica, global warming and climate change, and tropospheric air pollution. The understanding of the impact of human activities on the Earthś atmosphere requires measurements on a global scale. These enable the spatial and temporal variability of the atmospheric constituents to be investigated. Recently efforts have been made to establish a global observation system comprising satellite instruments and ground-based networks. To process data supplied by the instruments which belong to the global observation system, the development of radiative transfer models and retrieval algorithms is essential. This thesis contributes to the development of the radiative transfer models and retrieval algorithms intended to interprete measurements of the spectral radiance scattered in the atmosphere or transmitted through the atmosphere in UV-Vis-NIR spectral region performed by a new-generation remote sensing satellite spectrometer SCIAMACHY. In this study, main problems of radiative transfer through a spherical planetary atmosphere compared to a plane-parallel atmosphere are investigated. An efficient spherical radiative transfer model intended to simulate SCIAMACHY limb measurements was developed and validated. The model can also be used for the interpretation of measurements performed by other space-borne instruments as well as to compute air mass factors for ground-based measurements. An approximate approach allowing the simulation of limb measurements to be substantially accelerated was developed and its accuracy was investigated. Furthermore, a numerical radiative transfer model intended to simulate SCIAMACHY occultation measurements was developed and then coupled with an appropriate selected inverse technique.
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 550.28 ; 550 ; TQI 000 ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 150 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: report
    Schlagwort(e): 551.4 ; 551.5 ; 910 ; 550 ; TYZ 100 ; UHF 300 ; UKB 200 ; Atlantischer Ozean {Meteorologie und Klimatologie} ; Wechselwirkungen zwischen Meer und Atmosphäre {Ozeanologie} ; Mittlerer Atlantik {Regionale Ozeanologie}
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , publishedVersion
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 60
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-25
    Beschreibung: The relationship between mesoscale convective organization, quantified by the spatial arrangement of convection, and oceanic precipitation in the tropical belt is examined using the output of a global storm-resolving simulation. The analysis uses a 2D watershed segmentation algorithm based on local precipitation maxima to isolate individual precipitation cells and derive their properties. 10° by 10° scenes are analyzed using a phase-space representation made of the number of cells per scene and the mean area of the cells per scene to understand the controls on the spatial arrangement of convection and its precipitation. The presence of few and large cells in a scene indicates the presence of a more clustered distribution of cells, whereas many small cells in a scene tend to be randomly distributed. In general, the degree of clustering of a scene (Iorg) is positively correlated to the mean area of the cells and negatively correlated to the number of cells. Strikingly, the degree of clustering, whether the cells are randomly distributed or closely spaced, to a first order does not matter for the precipitation amounts produced. Scenes of similar precipitation amounts appear as hyperbolae in our phase-space representation, hyperbolae that follow the contours of the precipitating area fraction. Finally, including the scene-averaged water vapour path (WVP) in our phase-space analysis reveals that scenes with larger WVP contain more cells than drier scenes, whereas the mean area of the cells only weakly varies with WVP. Dry scenes can contain both small and large cells, but they can contain only few cells of each category.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; convection ; object-based approaches ; organization ; precipitation ; storm-resolving modelling
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-25
    Beschreibung: An exceptionally strong stationary planetary wave with Zonal Wavenumber 1 led to a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Southern Hemisphere in September 2019. Ionospheric data from European Space Agency's Swarm satellite constellation mission show prominent 6-day variations in the dayside low-latitude region at this time, which can be attributed to forcing from the middle atmosphere by the Rossby normal mode “quasi-6-day wave” (Q6DW). Geopotential height measurements by the Microwave Limb Sounder aboard National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aura satellite reveal a burst of global Q6DW activity in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during the SSW, which is one of the strongest in the record. The Q6DW is apparently generated in the polar stratosphere at 30–40 km, where the atmosphere is unstable due to strong vertical wind shear connected with planetary wave breaking. These results suggest that an Antarctic SSW can lead to ionospheric variability through wave forcing from the middle atmosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; sudden stratospheric warming ; quasi-6-day wave ; planetary wave ; ionosphere ; vertical coupling ; Swarm
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 62
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-21
    Beschreibung: The Etesians are the dominant synoptically driven winds observed in the Eastern Mediterranean, usually from late spring to late summer. Due to the complex topography, the Etesians can be very strong and pose significant environmental hazards, especially over wildfire incidents. This study assesses the impacts of climate change on future Etesians by analyzing the response of the most recent EURO-CORDEX regional climate simulations at the 12-km grid resolution over the twenty-first century. The mean model ensemble projects a significant increase of the Etesians' frequency and intensity under the two emission scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. This response is connected to an increase in the zonal wind at 200 hPa, a reinforcement of the midlatitude westerly flow, and a decrease in the wave amplitude. These circulation changes accelerate the mid-to-high latitude eastward propagation of the large-scale circulation systems which can favor enhanced ridges over the Balkans. A strengthening and poleward shift of the subtropical jet stream is also projected, connected with stronger subsidence over the Eastern Mediterranean. The projected changes will have profound environmental and societal implications, including the lengthening of the wildfire season and increasing air pollution risk in the region. On the other hand, the current estimate of future wind power potential in the Aegean Sea will be significantly increased by the end of the century, which might have positive impact in the regional economy.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; Etesians ; extreme winds ; Eastern Mediterranean ; midlatitude atmospheric circulation ; EURO-CORDEX ; future projections
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 63
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-23
    Beschreibung: Clouds are liquid at temperature greater than 0°C and ice at temperature below −38°C. Between these two thresholds, the temperature of the cloud thermodynamic phase transition from liquid to ice is difficult to predict and the theory and numerical models do not agree: Microphysical, dynamical, and meteorological parameters influence the glaciation temperature. We temporally track optical and microphysical properties of 796 clouds over Europe from 2004 to 2015 with the space-based instrument Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager on board the geostationary METEOSAT second generation satellites. We define the glaciation temperature as the mean between the cloud top temperature of those consecutive images for which a thermodynamic phase change in at least one pixel is observed for a given cloud object. We find that, on average, isolated convective clouds over Europe freeze at −21.6°C. Furthermore, we analyze the temporal evolution of a set of cloud properties and we retrieve glaciation temperatures binned by meteorological and microphysical regimes: For example, the glaciation temperature increases up to 11°C when cloud droplets are large, in line with previous studies. Moreover, the correlations between the parameters characterizing the glaciation temperature are compared and analyzed and a statistical study based on principal component analysis shows that after the cloud top height, the cloud droplet size is the most important parameter to determine the glaciation temperature.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; Clouds ; Glaciation temperature ; geostationary satellite ; SEVIRI ; Thermodynamic phase
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 64
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-25
    Beschreibung: Several regions worldwide have seen significant trends in anthropogenic aerosol emissions during the period of detailed satellite observations since 2001. Over Europe (EUR) and North America (NAM) there were strong declines, over China increases then declines and over India, strong increases. Regional trends in model-simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud radiative effects in both the Fifth and Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP5 and CMIP6) are broadly consistent with the ones from satellite retrievals in most parts of EUR, NAM and India. CMIP6 models better match satellite-derived AOD trend in western NAM (increasing) and eastern China (decreasing), where CMIP5 models failed, pointing to improved anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Drop concentration trends in both observations and models qualitatively match AOD trends. The result for solar cloud radiative effect in models, however, is due to compensating errors: Models fail to reproduce observed liquid water path trends and show, in turn, opposite trends in cloud fraction.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; aerosol emission trend ; aerosol optical depth ; cloud radiative effects ; aerosol source regions ; CDNC ; climate models
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-23
    Beschreibung: High-resolution simulations (grid spacing 2.5 km) are performed with ICON-LEM to characterize convective organization in the Tropics during August 2016 over a large domain ranging from northeastern South America, along the tropical Atlantic to Africa (8,000×3,000 km). The degree of organization is measured by a refined version of the wavelet-based organization index (WOI), which is able to characterize the scale, the intensity and anisotropy of convection based on rain rates alone. Exploiting the localization of wavelets both in space and time, we define a localized version of the convective organization index (LWOI). We compare convection observed in satellite-derived rain rates with the corresponding processes simulated by ICON-LEM. Model and observations indicate three regions with different kinds of convective organization. Continental convection over West Africa has a predominantly meridional orientation and is more organized than over South America, because it acts on larger scales and is more intense. Convection over the tropical Atlantic is zonally oriented along the ITCZ and less intense. ICON and observations agree on the number and intensity of the African easterly waves during the simulation period. The waves are associated with strong vorticity anomalies and are clearly visible in a spatiotemporal wavelet analysis. The central speed and the wavelength of the waves is simulated well. Both the scale and intensity components of LWOI in ICON are significantly correlated with environmental variables. The scale of precipitation is related to wind shear, CAPE and its tendency, while the intensity strongly correlates with column-integrated humidity, upper-level divergence and maximum vertical wind speed. This demonstrates that the LWOI components capture important characteristics of convective precipitation.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; convective organization ; ICON-LEM ; IMERG ; LWOI ; tropical convection ; wavelet-based organization index ; WOI
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 66
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-23
    Beschreibung: In this study, we present a five-member Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) physics ensemble over the Arabian Peninsula on the convection-permitting (CP) scale and investigate the ability to simulate convection and precipitation by varying the applied cloud microphysics and planetary boundary layer (PBL) parametrizations. The study covers a typical precipitation event ocurring during summertime over the eastern part of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Our results show that the best results are obtained by using water- and ice-friendly aerosols combined with aerosol-aware Thompson cloud microphysics and the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) PBL parametrization. The diurnal cycle of 2-m temperature over the desert is well captured by all members, although a cold bias is present during the morning and evening transition. All members are capable of simulating the correct timing of the onset of convection. Simulations with the MYNN PBL and Thompson scheme produce the highest convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective inhibition (CIN), associated with stronger mixing inside the PBL, leading to the formation of more dense liquid water clouds. The WDM6 microphysics scheme is not a suitable option, as there are hardly any liquid water clouds; mainly ice clouds are simulated. Precipitation is best captured by applying the MYNN and Thomspon scheme. Although the ensemble size is relatively small, this allows for the provision of cloud probability maps suitable for cloud-seeding applications.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; convection ; ensemble ; PBL ; UAE ; WRF
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 67
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: Microwave remote sensing, polarimetry, radiometer, WindSat, passive. - Measurements from spaceborne microwave radiometers, such as the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), are found to be useful in estimating various earth surface geophysical quantities, e.g. soil moisture and vegetation characteristics over land, snow water equivalent for snow covers and sea ice concentration. All these instruments have measured only the vertical and horizontal polarization component of the brightness temperature (Tb ). WindSat is the first spaceborne radiometer to provide fully polarimetric measurements of the earthÃ
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; TUA 800 ; TVK 100 ; Radarmeteorologie ; Windmessungen und Beobachtungsergebnisse im Allg. {Meteorologie}
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 122 S.
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: thesis
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 550 ; TYY 100 ; TVA 210 ; Arktis {Meteorologie und Klimatologie} ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 69
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-07
    Beschreibung: Der Vergleich von „multiple aliquot“ Protokoll basierten IRSL- und TL-Altern mit denen von „single aliquot regenerative“ Protokollen mittels des post-IR IRSL (225°C) und fading-korrigierten IR (50°C) zeigt, dass Signalverlust durch anomales Ausheilen für Lösse und Lössderivate des Schwalbenberg II Profils ein geringes Problem darstellt. Aus diesem Grund ist es sehr wahrscheinlich, dass auf „multiple aliquot“ Messprotokollen beruhende Lumineszenz-Datierungen, die in den 1990er Jahren im allgemeinen für Lösse aus dem Mittelrheingebiet angewendet wurden, bis zu einem Alter von 70–80 ka innerhalb der 1-sigma Fehlerabweichung verlässliche IRSL und TL-Alter ergeben haben. Die Löss-/Paläobodensedimente des Schwalbenberg II Lössprofils zeigen einen bemerkenswert detaillierte weichselzeitliche mittelpleniglaziale Abfolge, die mit dem marinen Sauerstoffisotopenstadium 3 korreliert wird. Ein verlässlicher chronologischer Rahmen wurde durch Lumineszenz-Datierungsmethoden bestimmt. Vier Löss-Hauptakkumulationsphasen konnten für die letztglaziale Abfolge vom Schwalbenberg nachgewiesen werden. Die chronologischen Ergebnisse unterstützen die litho-pedologische Korrelation der Hesbaye Formation mit MIS 2 und der Ahrgau Formation mit MIS 3. Aufgrund von litho-pedologischen Befunden wird die Keldach Formation mit MIS 4 korreliert. Die Lumineszenz-Alter von 55 bis 45 ka legen jedoch eine Korrelation mit MIS 3 nahe.
    Beschreibung: research
    Schlagwort(e): 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; pleistocene ; germany ; loess ; pléistocène ; climate change ; luminescence dating
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , publishedVersion
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Geozon Science Media
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-29
    Beschreibung: Es wurden in dieser kurzen Arbeit Literaturangaben über die quartären Klimaänderungen gesammelt, die aus dem karibischen Gebiet und den benachbarten Teilen Südamerikas bekannt sind. Man kann feststellen, daß in Kolumbien, Nordwest-Venezuela, Aruba, Curasao, Bonaire und Barbados pluviale Perioden etwa synchron waren mit den Glazialen in Gebieten höherer Breite. Die Daten aus Guyana und Suriname lassen zwar noch keine endgültigen Schlüsse zu, doch deutet vieles darauf hin, daß dort während der Glazialzeiten trockenere klimatische Bedingungen herrschten als heute. Das würde einer Verschiebung der „ariden" Zone um etwa 10° entsprechen.
    Beschreibung: research
    Schlagwort(e): 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; caribbean ; netherlands ; venezuela ; quaternary ; climate change ; south america ; colombia ; leeward islands ; antilles ; barbados ; guyana ; surinam
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , publishedVersion
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 71
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-27
    Beschreibung: To account for model error on multiple scales in convective-scale data assimilation, we incorporate the small-scale additive noise based on random samples of model truncation error and combine it with the large-scale additive noise based on random samples from global climatological atmospheric background error covariance. A series of experiments have been executed in the framework of the operational Kilometre-scale ENsemble Data Assimilation system of the Deutscher Wetterdienst for a 2-week period with different types of synoptic forcing of convection (i.e., strong or weak forcing). It is shown that the combination of large- and small-scale additive noise is better than the application of large-scale noise only. The specific increase in the background ensemble spread during data assimilation enhances the quality of short-term 6-hr precipitation forecasts. The improvement is especially significant during the weak forcing period, since the small-scale additive noise increases the small-scale variability which may favor occurrence of convection. It is also shown that additional perturbation of vertical velocity can further advance the performance of combination.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; additive noise ; model truncation error ; multiscale ; radar data assimilation ; probabilistic forecasts
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-27
    Beschreibung: The magnitudes of river floods in Europe have been observed to change, but their alignment with changes in the spatial coverage or extent of individual floods has not been clear. We analyze flood magnitudes and extents for 3,872 hydrometric stations across Europe over the past five decades and classify each flood based on antecedent weather conditions. We find positive correlations between flood magnitudes and extents for 95% of the stations. In central Europe and the British Isles, the association of increasing trends in magnitudes and extents is due to a magnitude-extent correlation of precipitation and soil moisture along with a shift in the flood generating processes. The alignment of trends in flood magnitudes and extents highlights the increasing importance of transnational flood risk management.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.48 ; flood ; synchrony ; magnitude ; climate change ; classification ; spatial statistics
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 73
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-27
    Beschreibung: Clouds interact with atmospheric radiation and substantially modify the Earth's energy budget. Cloud formation processes occur over a vast range of spatial and temporal scales, which make their thorough numerical representation challenging. Therefore, the impact of parameter choices for simulations of cloud-radiative effects is assessed in the current study. Numerical experiments are carried out using the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model with varying grid spacings between 2.5 and 80 km and with different subgrid-scale parameterization approaches. Simulations are performed over the North Atlantic with either one-moment or two-moment microphysics and with convection being parameterized or explicitly resolved by grid-scale dynamics. Simulated cloud-radiative effects are compared to products derived from Meteosat measurements. Furthermore, a sophisticated cloud classification algorithm is applied to understand the differences and dependencies of simulated and observed cloud-radiative effects. The cloud classification algorithm developed for the satellite observations is also applied to the simulation output based on synthetic infrared brightness temperatures, a novel approach that is not impacted by changing insolation and guarantees a consistent and fair comparison. It is found that flux biases originate equally from clear-sky and cloudy parts of the radiation field. Simulated cloud amounts and cloud-radiative effects are dominated by marine, shallow clouds, and their behavior is highly resolution dependent. Bias compensation between shortwave and longwave flux biases, seen in the coarser simulations, is significantly diminished for higher resolutions. Based on the analysis results, it is argued that cloud-microphysical and cloud-radiative properties have to be adjusted to further improve agreement with observed cloud-radiative effects.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; Cloud-Radiative Effects ; TOA Energy Budget ; High-Resolution Simulations ; Meteosat Observations ; Cloud Classification ; Bias Decomposition
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 74
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-27
    Beschreibung: How the solar electromagnetic energy entering the Earth's atmosphere varied since preindustrial times is an important consideration in the climate change debate. Detrimental to this debate, estimates of the change in total solar irradiance (TSI) since the Maunder minimum, an extended period of weak solar activity preceding the industrial revolution, differ markedly, ranging from a drop of 0.75 W m−2 to a rise of 6.3 W m−2. Consequently, the exact contribution by solar forcing to the rise in global temperatures over the past centuries remains inconclusive. Adopting a novel approach based on state-of-the-art solar imagery and numerical simulations, we establish the TSI level of the Sun when it is in its least-active state to be 2.0 ± 0.7 W m−2 below the 2019 level. This means TSI could not have risen since the Maunder minimum by more than this amount, thus restricting the possible role of solar forcing in global warming.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; total solar irradiance
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-07
    Beschreibung: Volcanic eruptions are an important climate driver. The impact of Pinatubo-sized eruptions has been observed and is well constrained. The magnitude and duration of volcanic winter effects after supereruptions such as Toba remain disputed due to disagreement between the strong cooling predicted by models and much milder climate perturbations according to the paleodata. Here we present a reevaluated climate impact of a Toba-sized supereruption based on up-to-date GISS ModelE simulations. In this study, we account for all known primary mechanisms that govern the evolution of the volcanic plume and their nonlinear interactions. The SO 2 radiative effects are evaluated for the first time in coupled climate simulations with the interactive atmospheric chemistry module. We found that SO 2 effects on photochemistry, dynamics, and radiative forcing are especially prominent. Due to strong absorption in ultraviolet, SO 2 feedback on photochemistry partially offsets the limiting effect associated with aerosol microphysical processes. SO 2 greenhouse warming soothes the radiative cooling exerted by sulfate aerosols. SO 2 absorption in the shortwave and longwave causes radiative heating and lofting of the volcanic plume, and boosts the efficiency of SO 2 impact on photochemistry. Our analysis shows that SO 2 lifetime and magnitude of effects scale up and increase with the amount of emitted material. For a Pinatubo-sized eruption, SO 2 feedbacks on chemistry and dynamics are relevant only during the initial stage of the volcanic plume evolution, while local SO 2 concentrations are high. For a Toba-sized eruption, SO 2 effects are as important as sulfate aerosols and produce a less extreme volcanic winter.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; supereruption ; Toba ; volcanic winter ; sulfate aerosols ; climate impact ; sulfur dioxide
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-07
    Beschreibung: The joint effect of droplet sedimentation and wind shear on cloud top entrainment in stratocumulus is investigated with direct numerical simulations. Although it is well understood that droplet sedimentation weakens entrainment while wind shear enhances entrainment, there is no consensus on the magnitude of each process. We find that the entrainment reduction by droplet sedimentation is sufficiently strong to completely compensate the entrainment enhancement by wind shear, and thus, droplet sedimentation and wind shear effects can be equally important for cloud top entrainment. For instance, for the subtropical conditions considered here, droplet sedimentation weakens entrainment by up to 40% while wind shear enhances entrainment by up to 40%. This result implies that the droplet size distribution can substantially affect cloud lifetimes not only because of its effect on rain formation but also because of its effect on cloud top entrainment, which emphasizes the need for a better characterization of droplet size distributions in stratocumulus. A second implication is that entrainment velocity parametrizations should pay equal attention to droplet sedimentation and to wind shear effects.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; stratocumulus ; entrainment ; wind shear ; droplet sedimentation ; turbulence ; evaporative cooling
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 77
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-07
    Beschreibung: The quantification of factors leading to harmfully high levels of particulate matter (PM) remains challenging. This study presents a novel approach using a statistical model that is trained to predict hourly concentrations of particles smaller than 10  μm (PM10) by combining satellite-borne aerosol optical depth (AOD) with meteorological and land-use parameters. The model is shown to accurately predict PM10 (overall R 2 = 0.77, RMSE = 7.44  μg/m 3) for measurement sites in Germany. The capability of satellite observations to map and monitor surface air pollution is assessed by investigating the relationship between AOD and PM10 in the same modeling setup. Sensitivity analyses show that important drivers of modeled PM10 include multiday mean wind flow, boundary layer height (BLH), day of year (DOY), and temperature. Different mechanisms associated with elevated PM10 concentrations are identified in winter and summer. In winter, mean predictions of PM10 concentrations 〉35  μg/m 3 occur when BLH is below ∼500 m. Paired with multiday easterly wind flow, mean model predictions surpass 40  μg/m 3 of PM10. In summer, PM10 concentrations seemingly are less driven by meteorology, but by emission or chemical particle formation processes, which are not included in the model. The relationship between AOD and predicted PM10 concentrations depends to a large extent on ambient meteorological conditions. Results suggest that AOD can be used to assess air quality at ground level in a machine learning approach linking it with meteorological conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; aerosol optical depth ; air quality ; PM10 ; machine learning ; drivers of air pollution ; MAIAC
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 78
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-15
    Beschreibung: A new microphysical cirrus model to simulate ice crystal nucleation, depositional growth, and gravitational settling is described. The model tracks individual simulation ice particles in a vertical column of air and allows moisture and heat profiles to be affected by turbulent diffusion. Ice crystal size- and supersaturation-dependent deposition coefficients are employed in a one-dimensional model framework. This enables the detailed simulation of microphysical feedbacks influencing the outcome of ice nucleation processes in cirrus. The use of spheroidal water vapor fluxes enables the prediction of primary ice crystal shapes once microscopic models describing the vapor uptake on the surfaces of cirrus ice crystals are better constrained. Two applications addressing contrail evolution and cirrus formation demonstrate the potential of the model for advanced studies of aerosol-cirrus interactions. It is shown that supersaturation in, and microphysical and optical properties of, cirrus are affected by variable deposition coefficients. Vertical variability in ice supersaturation, ice crystal sedimentation, and high turbulent diffusivity all tend to decrease homogeneously nucleated ice number mixing ratios over time, but low ice growth efficiencies counteract this tendency. Vertical mixing induces a tendency to delay the onset of homogeneous freezing. In situations of sustained large-scale cooling, natural cirrus clouds may often form in air surrounding persistent contrails.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; cirrus ; cloud model ; microphysics
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-15
    Beschreibung: Wetlands such as bogs, swamps, or freshwater marshes are hotspots of biodiversity. For 5.1 million km2 of inland wetlands, the dynamics of area and water storage, which strongly impact biodiversity and ecosystem services, were simulated using the global hydrological model WaterGAP. For the first time, the impacts of both human water use and man-made reservoirs (WUR) and future climate change (CC) on wetlands around the globe were quantified. WUR impacts are concentrated in arid/semiarid regions, where WUR decreased mean wetland water storage by more than 5% on 8.2% of the mean wetland area during 1986–2005 (Am), with highest decreases in groundwater depletion area. Using output of three climate models, CC impacts on wetlands were quantified, distinguishing unavoidable impacts [i.e., at 2 °C global warming (GW)] from avoidable impacts (difference between 3 °C and 2 °C impacts). Even unavoidable CC impacts are projected to be much larger than WUR impacts, also in arid/semiarid regions. On most wetland area with reliable estimates, avoidable CC impacts are more than twice as large as unavoidable impacts. In case of 2 °C GW, half of Am is estimated to be unaffected by mean storage changes of more than 5%, but only one third in case of 3 °C GW. Temporal variability of water storage will increase for most wetlands. Wetlands in dry regions will be affected the most, particularly by water storage decreases in the dry season. Different from wealthier countries, low-income countries will dominantly suffer from a decrease in wetland water storage due to CC.
    Schlagwort(e): 333.7 ; climate change ; water storage ; water use ; wetland ; reservoirs ; global
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 80
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-15
    Beschreibung: Within a rapidly changing Arctic climate system, snow on sea ice is an important climate parameter. A common method to derive snow depth on an Arctic-wide scale is based on passive microwave satellite observations. However, the uncertainties of this method are not well constrained. In this study, we estimate the influence of geophysical parameters, including ice, snow, and atmospheric properties on passive microwave snow depth retrievals using a Monte Carlo uncertainty estimation. The results are based on model simulations from the Microwave Emission Model for Layered Snowpacks, the SNOWPACK model, and from the Passive and Active Microwave TRAnsfer model. All simulations are based on in situ observations obtained during the N-ICE2015 campaign. The average uncertainty in potential snow depth retrievals is between 11% and 19%, depending on the microwave frequencies used and increases with increasing snow depth. For lower-frequency retrievals (including 6.9 GHz), unknown snow properties are the strongest source of uncertainty while for higher-frequency retrievals (including 36.5 GHz), the contribution of ice, snow properties, and clouds is equally strong.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; snow ; remote sensing ; modeling ; Arctic
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 81
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-27
    Beschreibung: Deforestation influences surface properties such as surface roughness, resulting in changes in the surface energy balance and surface temperature. Recent studies suggest that the biogeophysical effects are dominated by changing roughness, and it remains unclear whether this can be reconciled with earlier modeling studies that highlighted the importance of a reduction of evapotranspiration in the low latitudes and a reduction of net shortwave radiation at the surface in the high latitudes. To clarify this situation, we analyze the local effects of deforestation on surface energy balance and temperature in the MPI-ESM climate model by performing three separate experiments: switching from forest to grass all surface properties, only surface albedo, and only surface roughness. We find that the locally induced changes in surface temperature are dominated by changes in surface roughness for the annual mean, the response of the diurnal amplitude, and the seasonal response to deforestation. For these three quantities, the results of the MPI-ESM lie within the range of observation-based data sets. Deforestation-induced decreases in surface roughness contribute substantially to winter cooling in the boreal regions and to decreases in evapotranspiration in the tropics. By comparing the energy balance decompositions from the three experiments, the view that roughness changes dominate the biogeophysical consequences of deforestation can be reconciled with the earlier studies highlighting the relevance of evapotranspiration.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; deforestation ; land use change ; biogeophysical effects ; local effects ; surface roughness ; surface energy balance
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 82
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-27
    Beschreibung: We show that there is a strong sensitivity of cloud microphysics to model time step in idealized convection-permitting simulations using the COnsortium for Small-scale MOdeling model. Specifically, we found a 53% reduction in precipitation when the time step is increased from 1 to 15 s, changes to the location of precipitation and hail reaching the surface, and changes to the vertical distribution of hydrometeors. The effect of cloud condensation nuclei perturbations on precipitation also changes both magnitude and sign with the changing model time step. The sensitivity arises because of the numerical implementation of processes in the model, specifically the so-called “splitting” of the dynamics (e.g., advection and diffusion) and the parameterized physics (e.g., microphysics scheme). Calculating one step at a time (sequential-update splitting) gives a significant time step dependence because large supersaturation with respect to liquid is generated in updraft regions, which strongly affect parameterized microphysical process rates—in particular, ice nucleation. In comparison, calculating both dynamics and microphysics using the same inputs of temperature and water vapor (hybrid parallel splitting) or adding an additional saturation adjustment within the dynamics reduces the time step sensitivity of surface precipitation by limiting the supersaturation seen by the microphysics, although sensitivity to time step remains for some processes.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; convection permitting ; microphysics ; time step ; parallel splitting ; saturation adjustment ; physics-dynamics coupling
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 83
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-12
    Beschreibung: Surfaces exposed to atmospheric cold temperature and humid environments are prone to ice accretion. Airplanes, electrical power transmission cables, and wind turbines are typical examples for which icing has to be considered. The measurement of the resulting ice shapes is a challenging process. While macroscopic characteristics of the ice geometry can be observed using photography and optical scanning techniques, microscopic measurements are difficult to conduct because grooved surface partially occludes the geometry of chasms. To overcome this optical inaccessibility, we propose a method to carry out detailed high-resolution measurements of the accretion surface with micro-computed tomography. This approach provides a unique visualization of the empty spaces in the feather region. The information obtained by this technique can improve the understanding of ice accretion physics and its computational modeling.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; atmospheric icing ; ice feather ; icing wind tunnel ; micro-computed tomography
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-12
    Beschreibung: Gravity waves (GWs) are important for coupling the mesosphere to the lower atmosphere during sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Here, a minor SSW is internally generated in a simulation with the upper-atmosphere configuration of the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model. At a horizontal resolution of 20 km the simulation uses no GW drag parameterizations but resolves large fractions of the GW spectrum explicitly, including orographic and nonorographic sources. Consistent with previous studies, the simulated zonal-mean stratospheric warming is accompanied by zonal-mean mesospheric cooling. During the course of the SSW the mesospheric GW momentum flux (GWMF) turns from mainly westward to mainly eastward. Waves of large phase speed (40–80 m s −1) dominate the eastward GWMF during the peak phase of the warming. The GWMF is strongest along the polar night jet axis. Parameterizations of GWs usually assume straight upward propagation, but this assumption is often not satisfied. In the case studied here, a substantial amount of the GWMF is significantly displaced horizontally between the source region and the dissipation region, implying that the local impact of GWs on the mesosphere does not need to be above their local transmission through the stratosphere. The simulation produces significant vertically misaligned anomalies between the stratosphere and mesosphere. Observations by the Microwave Limb Sounder confirm the poleward tilt with height of the polar night jet and horizontal displacements between mesospheric cooling and stratospheric warming patterns. Thus, lateral GW propagation may be required to explain the middle-atmosphere temperature evolution in SSW events with significant zonally asymmetric anomalies.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; Sudden Stratospheric Warming ; Gravity wave propagation ; Zonal asymmetries ; High-resolution climate model ; Microwave Limb Sounder ; Tilt of polar night jet
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 85
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-12
    Beschreibung: Recent evidence shows that wind-driven ocean currents, like the western boundary currents, are strongly affected by global warming. However, due to insufficient observations both on temporal and spatial scales, the impact of climate change on large-scale ocean gyres is still not clear. Here, based on satellite observations of sea surface height and sea surface temperature, we find a consistent poleward shift of the major ocean gyres. Due to strong natural variability, most of the observed ocean gyre shifts are not statistically significant, implying that natural variations may contribute to the observed trends. However, climate model simulations forced with increasing greenhouse gases suggest that the observed shift is most likely to be a response of global warming. The displacement of ocean gyres, which is coupled with the poleward shift of extratropical atmospheric circulation, has broad impacts on ocean heat transport, regional sea level rise, and coastal ocean circulation.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.46 ; ocean gyre ; climate change ; poleward shift ; global warming ; ocean circulation ; sea level rise
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-12
    Beschreibung: Geopotential height measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder between 9- and 97-km altitudes during 2004–2018 are used to examine long-period (3–20 days) wave activity during the Northern Hemisphere winter and spring, with the primary focus on the response of normal mode Rossby waves in the middle atmosphere to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Unusually large westward propagating waves with Zonal Wave Number 1 and period ∼10 days are observed at 55° latitude at the stratopause height (∼48 km) and above following final warmings of 2016, 2015, and 2005. In each case, large-amplitude waves are observed for the duration of two to three wave cycles. Characteristics of the waves are in conformity with the second antisymmetric Rossby normal mode of Zonal Wave Number 1, or the quasi-10-day wave. The growth rate of the waves is significantly greater than the classical normal mode in the upper stratosphere (approximately 30–50 km) where instability conditions are met, indicating the amplification or excitation of the waves in that region. The response of the quasi-10-day wave during midwinter SSWs, and also during the spring transition without an SSW, is not as obvious as the wave response during final warmings. The results suggest that not only the occurrence of SSW but also the seasonal timing of SSW is an important factor for the transient variability of the quasi-10-day wave in the middle atmosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; sudden stratospheric warming ; Rossby waves ; planetary waves ; quasi-10-day wave ; stratosphere ; mesosphere
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 87
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-12
    Beschreibung: A realistic simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) depends on an accurate representation of the land–atmosphere coupling. Land surface temperature (LST) plays an important role in this context and the assimilation of LST can lead to improved estimates of the boundary layer and its processes. We assimilated synthetic satellite LST retrievals derived from a nature run as truth into a fully coupled, state-of-the-art land–atmosphere numeric weather prediction model. As assimilation system a local ensemble transform Kalman filter was used and the control vector was augmented by the soil temperature and humidity. To evaluate the concept of the augmented control vector, two-day case-studies with different control vector settings were conducted for clear-sky periods in March and August 2017. These experiments with hourly LST assimilation were validated against the nature run and overall, the RMSE of atmospheric and soil temperature of the first-guess (and analysis) were reduced. The temperature estimate of the ABL was particularly improved during daytime as was the estimate of the soil temperature during the whole diurnal cycle. The best impact of LST assimilation on the soil and the ABL was achieved with the augmented control vector. Through the coupling between the soil and the atmosphere, the assimilation of LST can have a positive impact on the temperature forecast of the ABL even after 15 hr because of the memory of the soil. These encouraging results motivate further work towards the assimilation of real satellite LST retrievals.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; data assimilation ; land–atmosphere coupling ; land surface temperature ; LETKF
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-12
    Beschreibung: Vortex streets formed in the stratocumulus-capped wake of mountainous islands are the atmospheric analogues of the classic Kármán vortex street observed in laboratory flows past bluff bodies. The quantitative analysis of these mesoscale unsteady atmospheric flows has been hampered by the lack of satellite wind retrievals of sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution. Taking advantage of the cutting-edge Advanced Baseline Imager, we derived kilometer-scale cloud-motion winds at 5-min frequency for a vortex street in the lee of Guadalupe Island imaged by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16. Combined with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data, the geostationary imagery also provided accurate stereo cloud-top heights. The time series of geostationary winds, supplemented with snapshots of ocean surface winds from the Advanced Scatterometer, allowed us to capture the wake oscillations and measure vortex shedding dynamics. The retrievals revealed a markedly asymmetric vortex decay, with cyclonic eddies having larger peak vorticities than anticyclonic eddies at the same downstream location. Drawing on the vast knowledge accumulated about laboratory bluff body flows, we argue that the asymmetric island wake arises from the combined effects of Earth's rotation and Guadalupe's nonaxisymmetric shape resembling an inclined flat plate at low angle of attack. However, numerical simulations will need to establish whether or not the selective destabilization of the shallow atmospheric anticyclonic eddies is caused by the same mechanisms that destabilize the deep columnar anticyclones of laboratory flows, such as three-dimensional vertical perturbations due to centrifugal or elliptical instabilities.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; cloud-motion winds ; vortex street ; GOES-R ; ASCAT ; Karman ; satellite winds
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-11
    Beschreibung: The El Niño phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is typically associated with below-average cool-season rainfall in southeastern Australia (SEA). However, there is also large case-to-case variability on monthly time-scales. Despite recent progress in understanding the links between remote climate drivers and this variability, the underlying dynamical processes are not fully understood. This reanalysis-based study aims to advance the dynamical understanding by quantifying the contribution of midlatitude weather systems to monthly precipitation anomalies over SEA during the austral winter–spring season. A k-means clustering reveals four rainfall anomaly patterns with above-average rainfall (Cluster 1), below-average rainfall (Cluster 2), above-average rainfall along the East Coast (Cluster 3) and along the South Coast (Cluster 4). Cluster 2 occurs most frequently during El Niño, which highlights the general suppression of SEA rainfall during these events. However, the remaining three clusters with local above-average rainfall are found in ∼52% of all El Niño months. Changes of weather system frequency determine the respective rainfall anomaly pattern. Results indicate significantly more cut-off lows and warm conveyor belts (WCBs) over SEA in El Niño Cluster 1 and significantly fewer in El Niño Cluster 2. In El Niño Cluster 3, enhanced blocking south of Australia favours cut-off lows leading to increased rainfall along the East Coast. Positive rainfall anomalies along the South Coast in El Niño Cluster 4 are associated with frontal rainfall due to an equatorward shift of the midlatitude storm track. Most of the rainfall is produced by WCBs and cut-off lows but the contributions strongly vary between the clusters. In all clusters, rainfall anomalies result from changes in rainfall frequency more than in rainfall intensity. Backward trajectories of WCB and cut-off low rainfall highlight the importance of moist air masses from the Coral Sea and the northwest coast of Australia during wet months.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; backward trajectories ; clustering ; El Niño ; rainfall decomposition ; rainfall origin ; rainfall variability ; southeastern Australia ; synoptic weather systems
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-11
    Beschreibung: A pronounced warm anomaly occurred at the Peruvian coast in early 2017. This “Coastal Niño” caused heavy rainfalls, leading to flooding in Peru and Ecuador. At the same time, neutral conditions prevailed in the equatorial Pacific. Using observational sea surface temperature data sets and an ocean reanalysis product for the time period 1900 to 2010, previous similar events are investigated. Eighteen coastal warming events without corresponding equatorial Pacific warming are identified. Further analysis shows, however, that only four of these events are not connected to the central equatorial Pacific. All other periods of strong coastal warm anomalies are directly followed or preceded by El Niño-like conditions. The “stand-alone” coastal warming events are characterized by comparatively low equatorial heat content. We thus hypothesize that the depleted heat content in the equatorial Pacific in the wake of the strong 2015/2016 El Niño prevented the warming to spread westward in 2017.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; El Nino ; Coastal Warming ; Tropical Pacific
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-11
    Beschreibung: Abstract Evaporation—a key process for water exchange between soil and atmosphere—is controlled by internal water fluxes and surface vapor fluxes. Recent studies demonstrated that the dynamics of the water flow in corners determine the time behavior of the evaporation rate. The internal water flux of the porous media is often described by capillary flow assuming complete wetting. Particularly, the crucial influence of partial wetting, that is, the nonlinear contact angle dependency of the capillary flow has been neglected so far. The focus of the paper is to demonstrate that SiO2-surfaces can exhibit contact angles of about 40°. This reduces the internal capillary flow by 1 order of magnitude compared to complete wetting. First, we derived the contact angle by inverse modeling. We conducted a series of evaporation experiments in a 2-D square lattice microstructure connected by lognormal distributed throats. We used an explicit analytical power series solution of the single square capillary model. A contact angle of 38° ± 1° was derived. Second, we directly measured the contact angle of the Si-SiO2 wafer using the Drop Shape Analyzer Krüss 100 and obtained an averaged contact angle of 42° ± 2°. The results support the single square capillary model as an appropriate model for the description of the evaporation process in an ideal square capillary.
    Schlagwort(e): 550.724 ; 551.5 ; evaporation ; experiments
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 92
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-11
    Beschreibung: Coupled climate models participating in the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) exhibit a large intermodel spread in the representation of long-term trends in soil moisture and snow in response to anthropogenic climate change. We evaluate long-term (January 1861 to December 2099) water storage trends from 21 CMIP5 models against observed trends in terrestrial water storage (TWS) obtained from 14 years (April 2002 to August 2016) of the GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) satellite mission. This is complicated due to the incomplete representation of TWS in CMIP5 models and interannual climate variability masking long-term trends in observations. We thus evaluate first the spread in projected trends among CMIP5 models and identify regions of broad model consensus. Second, we assess the extent to which these projected trends are already present during the historical period (January 1861 to August 2016) and thus potentially detectable in observational records available today. Third, we quantify the degree to which 14-year tendencies can be expected to represent long-term trends, finding that regional long-term trends start to emerge from interannual variations after just 14 years while stable global trend patterns are detectable after 30 years. We classify regions of strong model consensus into areas where (1) climate-related TWS changes are supported by the direction of GRACE trends, (2) mismatch of trends hints at possible model deficits, (3) the short observation time span and/or anthropogenic influences prevent reliable conclusions about long-term wetting or drying. We thereby demonstrate the value of satellite observations of water storage to further constrain the response of the terrestrial water cycle to climate change.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; GRACE ; CMIP5 ; water storage trends
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-13
    Beschreibung: Current climate models still suffer from many biases which are partly due to excessive subgrid-scale dissipation. Here we systematically develop energetically consistent stochastic energy backscatter (SEB) and deterministic energy backscatter (DEB) parametrization schemes. We implement our schemes in a simplified spectral atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM). It is shown that the SEB scheme performs better than the DEB scheme at low horizontal resolutions (T21 and T31), whereas the performance of both schemes becomes comparable as the resolution increases to T42 when comparing with our reference simulation at T127 resolution. The energy backscatter parametrization schemes improve eddy variability in low-resolution models and correctly capture the dominant mode of zonal-mean zonal wind variability. The autocorrelation time-scale of low-resolution models is also found to be more consistent with the reference simulation when applying the SEB and DEB parametrizations. Our schemes are scale-adaptive and computationally efficient.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; atmospheric models ; deterministic backscatter scheme ; energy consistent parametrizations ; scale-adaptive parametrizations ; stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 94
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-14
    Beschreibung: By mediating evapotranspiration processes, plant canopies play an important role in the terrestrial water cycle and regional climate. Substantial uncertainties exist in modeling canopy water interception and related hydrological processes due to rainfall forcing frequency selection and varying canopy traits. Here we design a new time interpolation method “zero” to better represent convective-type precipitation in tropical regions. We also implement and recalibrate plant functional type-specific interception parameters for rainforests and oil palm plantations, where oil palms express higher water interception capacity than forests, using the Community Land Model (CLM) versions 4.5 and 5.0 with CLM-Palm embedded. Reconciling the interception scheme with realistic precipitation forcing produces more accurate canopy evaporation and transpiration for both plant functional types, which in turn improves simulated evapotranspiration and energy partitioning when benchmarked against observations from our study sites in Indonesia and an extensive literature review. Regional simulations for Sumatra and Kalimantan show that industrial oil palm plantations have 18–27% higher transpiration and 15–20% higher evapotranspiration than forests on an annual regional average basis across different ages or successional stages, even though the forests experience higher average precipitation according to reanalysis data. Our land-only modeling results indicate that current oil palm plantations in Sumatra and Kalimantan use 15–20% more water (mean 220 mm or 20 Gt) per year compared to lowland rainforests of the same extent. The extra water use by oil palm reduces soil moisture and runoff that could affect ecosystem services such as productivity of staple crops and availability of drinking water in rural areas.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; canopy interception ; forcing frequency ; evapotranspiration ; Community Land Model ; land use change ; oil palm
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-14
    Beschreibung: We generated a large number 105,000 of aggregates composed of various monomer types and sizes using an aggregation model. Combined with hydrodynamic theory, we derived ice particle properties such as mass, projected area, and terminal velocity as a function of monomer number and size. This particle ensemble allows us to study the relation of particle properties with a high level of detail which is often not provided by in situ measurements. The ice particle properties change rather smoothly with monomer number. We find very little differences in all particle properties between monomers and aggregates at sizes below 1 mm which is in contrast to many microphysics schemes. The impact of the monomer type on the particle properties decreases with increasing monomer number. Whether, for example, the terminal velocity of an aggregate is larger or smaller than an equal-size monomer depends mostly on the monomer type. We fitted commonly used power laws as well as Atlas-type relations, which represent the saturation of the terminal velocity at large sizes (terminal velocity asymptotically approaching a limiting value) to the data set and tested the impact of incorporating different levels of complexity with idealized simulations using a 1D Lagrangian super particle model. These simulations indicate that it is sufficient to represent the monomer number dependency of ice particle properties with only two categories (monomers and aggregates). The incorporation of the saturation velocity at larger sizes is found to be important to avoid an overestimation of self-aggregation of larger snowflakes.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 550.724 ; agreggation modeling ; cloud microphysics ; ice particle properties ; Lagrangian modeling ; terminal velocity
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-14
    Beschreibung: We present a significantly improved version of the Neighboring Column Approximation (NCA 2.0), a fast 3D approximation for the calculation of thermal heating and cooling rates in cloudy atmospheres for large eddy simulation models. The method can now be used on non-rectangular grids, and the heating rate bias in cloudy atmospheres is substantially reduced compared to a 1D solution and the original version of the NCA (NCA 1.0). For different cloud fields the bias is in the range of −5–30% in the 1D case and −2–7% for the NCA 2.0. The calculation of 3D radiative transfer quantities requires horizontal transport of radiation which causes difficulties in the parallelization of numerical models and is computationally expensive. The NCA overcomes this problem and can calculate 3D thermal heating rates at the expense of only a factor 1.5 to 2 higher compared to a 1D radiative transfer approximation. The method uses the fluxes calculated by a 1D radiation scheme and estimates horizontal fluxes using results from neighboring columns. For the estimation of the heating rates from the before estimated fluxes pre-calculated lookup tables of emissivities are used. For the calculation of the heating rates we neglect scattering (independent of the fact if the incoming fluxes consider scattering or not). Inconsistencies made by assumptions for the method are corrected by a correction factor.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; 3D Radiative Transfer ; Radiative Transfer Approximation ; LES
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-24
    Beschreibung: Recent studies using reanalysis data and complex models suggest that the Tropics influence midlatitude blocking. Here, the influence of tropical precipitation anomalies is investigated further using a dry dynamical model driven by specified diabatic heating anomalies. The model uses a quasi-realistic setup based on idealized orography and an idealized representation of the land-ocean thermal contrast. Results concerning the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Madden-Julian Oscillation are mostly consistent with previous studies and emphasize the importance of tropical dynamics for driving the variability of blocking at midlatitudes. It is also shown that a common bias in models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), namely, excessive tropical precipitation, leads to an underestimation of midlatitude blocking in our model, also a common bias in the CMIP5 models. The strongest blocking anomalies associated with the tropical precipitation bias are found over Europe, where the underestimation of blocking in CMIP5 models is also particularly strong.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; blocking bias ; CMIP5 ; dry atmospheric general circulation model ; ENSO ; Midlatitude blocking ; MJO ; precipitation bias
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 98
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-24
    Beschreibung: Warm and moist air masses are transported into the Arctic from lower latitudes throughout the year. Especially in winter, such moist intrusions (MIs) can trigger cloud formation and surface warming. While a typical cloudy state of the Arctic winter boundary layer has been linked to the advection of moist air masses, direct observations of the transformation from moist midlatitude to dry Arctic air are lacking. Here, we have used observations from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project to compile Eulerian observations along the trajectories of warm and cold air masses in a Lagrangian sense, showing the cooling and drying of air masses over sea ice and moistening over the open ocean. Air masses originating mostly over open water generate cloudy conditions over the observation site, whereas air masses originating over continents or sea ice generate radiatively clear conditions. We recommend using our case-studies and the method of linking expeditions to station soundings via back-trajectories for modelling work in future campaigns.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; air mass transformation ; Arctic ; cloudy state ; moist air intrusion ; polar atmosphere ; SHEBA
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 99
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-24
    Beschreibung: We investigate the sensitivity of self-aggregated radiative-convective-equilibrium cloud-resolving model simulations to the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration. Experiments were conducted on a long (2,000-km × 120-km) channel domain, allowing the emergence of multiple convective clusters and dry regions of subsidence. Increasing the CCN concentration leads to increased moisture in the dry regions, increased midlevel and upper level clouds, decreased radiative cooling, and decreased precipitation. We find that these trends follow from a decrease in the strength of the self-aggregation as measured by the moist static energy (MSE) variance. In our simulations, precipitation is correlated, both locally and in total, with the distribution of MSE anomalies. We thus quantify changes in the adiabatic/diabatic contributions to MSE anomalies (Wing & Emanuel, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013MS000269) and relate those changes to changes in precipitation. Through a simple two-column conceptual model, we argue that the reduction in precipitation can be explained thermodynamically by the reduction in mean net radiative cooling and mechanistically by the weakening of the area-weighted radiatively driven subsidence velocity—defined as the ratio of the total radiative cooling over the dry regions and the static stability. We interpret the system's response to increasing CCN as a thermodynamically constrained realization of an aerosol indirect effect on clouds and precipitation.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.5 ; cloud microphysics
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 100
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-24
    Beschreibung: Meteorological droughts have large impacts on society and the environment. A better understanding and quantification of their occurrences can be highly relevant for the development of proper climate change mitigation, adaptation and resilience strategies. Here we examine meteorological droughts from observed data covering the 1971–2000 period for the Fulda catchment in Germany by means of the Standardized Precipitation Index. The joint dependency of drought duration and severity is modelled by a copula function, which relates their univariate distributions in a functional relationship. Recurrence intervals are further calculated as a function of the joint relationship and univariate marginals. Future projections are investigated in which downscaled EURO-CORDEX Regional Climate Model (RCM) projections for the period 2021–2050 are used together with the three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, in order to analyse and compare future joint patterns of duration and severity of events. We find that drought duration and severity present a clear interdependency supporting the choice of a bivariate model. Results suggest substantial differences in the future joint relationship duration–severity. Depending on the RCM and RCP, drought patterns show different magnitude of changes in the future. The projected changes are different for the different returns periods. RCP8.5 shows more severe events and longer drought durations than RCP2.6 and RCP4.5. The uncertainties of the projected patterns also depend on the RCP and RCM and are larger for higher return periods.
    Schlagwort(e): 551.6 ; climate change ; copulas ; drought duration and severity ; drought events ; extremes ; Fulda catchment ; Standardized Precipitation Index
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...