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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 183 (1959), S. 358-361 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE purpose of this communication is to indicate some geophysical effects which one would expect to be associated with high-altitude explosions of nuclear weapons or high-altitude chemical explosions. In addition to outlining the effects which one would anticipate seeing concurrent with ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 181 (1958), S. 1317-1319 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A NUMBER of observations of the general cosmic -ray level at balloon-altitudes have been made which show a very large decrease in intensity during the spring and summer of 1957 compared with 1955 and 1956. The observations are of two types, the first made with a small Geiger-counter vertical ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 178 (1956), S. 1226-1227 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN a series of papers, E. and O. Thellier1 have measured the remnant magnetism of ancient bricks. By comparison of the original magnetic moment of a sample with the moment acquired by heating above the Curie point and cooling in the present Earths field under proper conditions, they have deduced ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 230 (1971), S. 564-566 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This article describes a controlled method of investigating the trapping of particles in the Earth's magnetosphere. Instruments in the separated nose cone of a rocket have been used to detect electromagnetic radiation from electrons injected into the magnetosphere from the rocket and ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 16 (1968), S. 372-375 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Kombination des AChE-Nachweises nach Karnowsky mit der PAS-Reaktion nach McManus ist es möglich, markhaltige, markarme und marklose (cholinerge) Nerven am Kryostatschnitt zu differenzieren. Die Methode ist einfach und zuverlässig.
    Notes: Summary By combining the demonstration of AChE (Karnowsky's method) with the PAS-reaction (McManus) on cryostat sections it is possible to distinguish myelinated nerve fibres from non myelinated ones. Furthermore cholinergic preterminals and terminals are visible. The method is simple and reliable.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 19 (1969), S. 272-280 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Entwicklung einer katecholamin-spezifischen Fluorescenz im Pigmentepithel des Meerschweinchenauges während der Embryonalzeit berichtet. Ab 16. Tragtag ist mit der Methode der „formaldehyde-induced fluorescence“ am Kryostatschnitt eine spezifische Fluorescenz in den Zellen der äußeren Lamelle des Augenbechers nachweisbar. Während die Fluorescenz bei pigmentierten Tieren mit dem Auftreten von Melanin am Ort der Melaninablagerung verschwindet, bleibt sie bei Albinos bis zur Geburt erhalten und erreicht hier bis zum 40. Tag der Embryonalentwicklung ihr Maximum. Es kann angenommen werden, daß wir durch die Fluorescenz Dopa erfassen.
    Notes: Summary The development of the catecholamine-specific fluorescence in the pigment epithelium of the guinea-pig eye during fetal life is investigated. At the 16th day of gestation a specific fluorescence in the outer layer of the optic cup can be demonstrated. It disappears with the onset of melanin synthesis in the pigment cells, while the fluorescence in the pigment epithelium of albinotic animals persists until birth and has its maximun intensity at the 40th day of gestation. The fluorescence is considered to be Dopa-specific.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 25 (1971), S. 130-142 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein einfaches Verfahren für die Kombination von Katecholaminfluorescenz und Katecholaminautoradiographie an Kryostatschnitten beschrieben. Hierdurch werden Aussagen über Qualität, Quantität und Stoffumsatz der Katecholamine in einzelnen Zellgruppen oder einzelnen Zellen möglich. Die Methode beruht auf dem von Heene (1968) angegebenen Katecholaminnachweis am gefriergetrockneten Kryostatschnitt. Für die in Anschluß an die fluorescenzmikroskopische Untersuchung durchgeführte Stripping-film Autoradiographie ist eine Fixierung der Schnitte unerläßlich. Hierfür eignen sich besonders gut Glutaraldehyd (pH 7,2) und das Orthsche Fixans mit Glutaraldehydzusatz. Die Brauchbarkeit und Verläßlichkeit der Methode wurde an verschiedenen Geweben der Ratte nachgewiesen. — Für Untersuchungen des Nebennierenmarks ist vorteilhaft, daß durch die Nachfixierung der gefriergetrockneten Kryostatschnitte mit bichromathaltigen Fixantien auch im Autoradiogramm eine Differenzierung von A- und N-Zellen leicht möglich ist; nur die N-Zellen zeigen nämlich eine ausgeprägte Phaeochroinie. Die phaeochrome Reaktion der N-Zellen wird nur an formaldehydbedampften Schnitten beobachtet.
    Notes: Summary A simple method is described that combines fluorescence histochemistry and autoradiography of catecholamines in cryostat sections. By means of this method, qualitative and quantitative data may be obtained as well as insights in catecholamine metabolism of cell groups or single cells. The method is based on the demonstration of catecholamines in freeze dried cryostat sections (Heene, 1968). Following fluorescence microscopy and proceeding stripping-film autoradiography the sections must be fixed. Glutaraldehyde (pH 7,2) and Orth's fixative with glutaraldehyde added are best suited for this purpose. The method yields good and reproducible results in various rat tissues. — For investigations of the adrenal medulla it is of advantage that following a fixation with bichromate-containing fixatives a clear differentiation of A- and N-cells is possible even in autoradiograms due to a bichromate reaction of N-cells; the reaction takes place only in sections previously exposed to formaldehyde vapour.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 32 (1972), S. 143-152 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein einfacher Glasmesserhalter beschrieben, der anstelle des üblichen Mikrotommessers in wohl jedes Kryostatmikrotom eingebaut werden kann. Zum Schneiden semidünner Schnitte wird die Glasmesser-Schneide nach unten gerichtet und der Gewebsblock gegen die Messerschneide angehoben. Dadurch wird verhindert, daß sich die semidünnen Schnitte aufrollen und am Glasmesser kleben bleiben; denn durch das Eigengewicht der Schnitte hängen sie von der Messerschneide und strecken sich. Bänder von 6–8 Schnitten können ohne Schwierigkeiten hergestellt werden. Das Zurechtschneiden der Gewebsblöcke auf Messerbreite ist überflüssig. Die Kryostattemperatur während des Schneidens sollte um −30°C liegen. Diese Temperatur reicht für die Erhaltung der Gewebsstruktur sowie die Lokalisation von Enzymen und wasserlöslichen Verbindungen völlig aus. Der relative Verlust von Enzym aus semidünnen Schnitten an das Inkubationsmedium scheint nicht größer zu sein als beim Kryostatschnitt normaler Dicke. Auch das Anschneiden von Zellorganellen, z.B. Lysosomen, scheint nicht not-wendigerweise zur Enzym Verlagerung aus diesen Organellen zu führen. So ist die Verwendung semidünner Kryostatschnitte nichtfixierten Gewebes in der Histochemie uneingeschränkt möglich.
    Notes: Summary A knife-holder for glass knifes is described that instead of the ordinary knife can be fastened on the microtomes of all cryostat models. Sectioning happens with the glass knife edge showing down and the tissue block moving upwards against it. By this semithin sections are prevented from curling and adhering to the knife because due to their weight they tend to hang down from the knife edge and need not be flattened. Ribbons of 6–8 sections may be cut without any difficulty; trimming of the tissue block to knife thickness is not necessary. During cutting the cryostat temperature should be about −30°C. This temperature is fully sufficient for the preservation of tissue structure and the localization of enzymes as well as of water soluble compounds. The relative loss of enzyme into the incubation medium seems not to exceed that from cryostat sections of normal thickness. The sectioning of cell organelles, e. g. lysosomes, too, seems not necessarily lead to enzyme diffusion from these organelles. So there are no restrictions for the use of semithin sections of nonfixed tissue in histochemistry.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 22 (1970), S. 234-240 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gefriertrocknung von Kryostatschnitten kann, im Gegensatz zur Trockung von Gewebsblöcken, manometrisch kontrolliert werden. Das in die herkömmlichen Gefriertrockungsanlagen eingebaute Pirani-Element genügt für diesen Zweck vollauf. Es ist damit möglich, das Verfahren ohne jedes Risiko durch Regelung der Kühltemperatur abzukürzen. Die Druckkurve zeigt eindeutig, wann die Schnitte eine für histologische und histochemische Reaktionen optimale Restfeuchtigkeit erreicht haben.
    Notes: Summary In contrast to freeze-drying of tissue blocks the freeze-drying of cryostat sections can be controlled manometrically. The Pirani-element has been found to be fully sufficient for this task. It is therefore possible to shorten the procedure without any risk by regulating the cooling temperature. The pressure curve shows clearly, when the sections have reached optimum humidity for histological and histochemical staining.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 53 (1977), S. 107-116 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The autonomic innervation of the mouse gallbladder mucosa was studied using histo-and cytochemical methods. In a light microscopic investigation the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and formaldehyde-induced fluorescence was studied histochemically. Nerve fibres and small varicosities showed concentrations of AChE activity very close to the epithelium in the subepithelial connective tissue. No adrenergic nerves were observed in the mucosa. When using the electron microscope and employing the potassium permanganate fixation/staining technique only one sort of axonal enlargement was encountered, viz. the cholinergic type. These varicosities contained numerous agranular vesicles (500–600 Å in diameter). No varicosities of the adrenergic (dense-cored vesicles) type were observed. Signs of increased secretory activity in the epithelium were observed in the first few minutes after cholinergic stimulation. After repeated in vivo stimulation, there was an almost total depletion of glycoprotein granules, best seen when using the cytochemical PA-CrA-silver technique. The findings suggest that the subepithelial connective tissue and the epithelium of the mouse gallbladder mucosa have a cholinergic innervation.
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