ALBERT

Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig , Beiträge teilweise in Englisch

Note: In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Ungezählte Beil. ab 2010: Special , Ersch. jährl. 4x

Note: Zugl.: Marburg (Lahn), Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2004 u.d.T.: Gutmann, Mathias: Die Medialität des Erfahrens

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: In kyrill. Schr., russ.

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 1999 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 1.1 Kenntnisstand und offene Fragen 1.2 Fragestellung und Ziele dieser Arbeit 2. Umweltbedingungen in den Arbeitsgebieten 2.1 Hydrographie, Eisverhältnisse und NAO 2.2 Zur Variation von Wassertiefe und Breite der Dänemarkstraße und zur Vereisung Islands während des letzten Glazials 3. Methoden 3.1 Auswahl der Kernstationen 3.2 Probennahme und Analysen (Übersicht) 3.3 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Oberflächenwasser Zur Aussage stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse in planktischen Foraminiferen Zur Messung stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse Zur Massenspektrometrie Zur Rekonstruktion von Oberflächentemperaturen Alkane und Alkohole als Maß für Staubeintrag Eistranspmtiertes Material und vulkanische Aschen 3.4 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Zwischen-/ Tiefenwasser Häufigkeit von Cibicides- und anderen benthischen Arten (inkl. Taxonomie) Stabile Isotopenverhältnisse in benthischen Foraminiferen 3.5 AMS 14C-Datierungen Probenreinigung 3. 6 Hauptelementanalysen von vulkanischen Asche-Leithorizonten 3. 7 Geomagnetische Meßgrößen und magnetische Suszeptibiltät 3.8 Techniken zur Spektralanalyse 4. Methodische Ergebnisse 4.1 Zum Einfluß der Probenreinigung auf δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte 4.2 Probleme bei der langfristigen Reproduzierbarkeit von δ18O-Zeitreihen 4.3 Einfluß der Korngröße und Artendefinition planktischer Foraminiferen auf SST-Rekonstruktionen in hohen Breiten 4.4 Vergleich der stabilen Isotopenwerte von Cibicides lobatulus und Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi 5. Stratigraphische Grundlagen und Tiefenprofile der Klimasignale 5.1 Stratigraphische Korrelation zwischen parallel-gekernten GKG- und SL-/KL-Profilen 5.2 Flanktische δ18O-/ δ13C-Kurven, 14C-Alter und biostratigraphische Fixpunkte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Kern 23351 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.3 Benthische δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte in Kern PS2644 5.4 Siliziklastische Sedimentkomponenten: Eistransportiertes Material Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.5 Vulkanische Glasscherben in Kern PS2644: Wind- und Eiseintrag 5.6 Geochemie und Alter einzelner Tephralagen als Leithorizonte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.7 Magnetische Suszeptibilität in den Kernen PS2644, PS2646 und PS2647 Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 5.8 Geomagnetische Feldintensität und Richtungsänderungen in Kern PS2644 5.9 Variation von Planktonfauna und -flora Westliches Islandbecken: Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 Vøring-Plateau: Kern 23071 und 23074 5.10 Benthische Foraminiferen in Kern PS2644 6. Entwicklung von Temperatur und Salzgehalt nördlich der Dänemark-Straße 6.1 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Planktonforaminiferen 6.2 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Uk37 6.3 Variation der Oberflächensalinität 7. Die Feinstratigraphie von Kern PS2644 als Basis für eine Eichung der 14C-Altersskala 22 - 55 ka 7.1 Korrelation zwischen den Klimasignalen in Kern PS2644 und der GISP2-Klimakurve zum Kalibrieren der 14C-Alter und Erstellen eines Altersmodells Tephrachronologische Marker Korrelationsparameter und -regeln Sonderfälle/ Probleme bei der Korrelation 7.2 Alters-stratigraphische Korrelation der Klimakurven von Kern 23071 und 23074 7.3 Variation der Altersanomalien zwischen 20 und 55 14C-ka 7.4 Variabilität des planktischen 14C-Reservoiralters in Schmelzwasserbeeinflußten Seegebieten Variation der planktischen 14C-Alter unmittelbar an der Basis von Heinrich-Ereignis 4 Unterschiede zwischen planktischen und benthischen 14C-Altern in der westlichen Islandsee. Zur Erklärung der inversen Altersdifferenzen 7.5 Differenz zwischen 14C- und Kalenderalter: Zeitliche Variation unter Einfluß des Erdmagnetfeldes - Modell und Befund 7.6 Sedimentationsraten der Kerne 23071, 23074 und PS2644 nach dem GISP2-Altersmodell Vøring-Plateau: Kerne 23071 und 23074 Südwest-Islandsee: Kern PS2644 8. Klimaoszillationen im Europäischen Nordmeer in der Zeit und Frequenzdomäne 8.1 "Der Einzelzyklus" in den Klimakurven von Kern PS2644 8.2 Zur Veränderlichkeit der Warm- und Kaltextreme sowie Zyklenlänge Besonderheiten in der Zyklenlänge Variation der Kalt-(Stadiale) Variation der Interstadiale 8.3 Periodizitäten der Klimasignale im Frequenzband der D.-Oe.-Zyklen. Der D.-Oe.-Zyklus von 1470 J., seine Multiplen und harmonischen Schwingungen Weitere Frequenzen: 1000-1150 Jahre- und 490- 510 Jahre-Zyklizitäten Höhere Frequenzen im Bereich von Jahrhunderten und Dekaden 8.4 Phasenbeziehungen und (örtliche) Steuemngsmechanismen der Dansgaard-Oeschger-Zyklen 9. Schlußfolgerungen Danksagung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

Note: Contents: Introduction: Climate Change and our Future ; 1: Global Crisis and the Mandate of COP ; 2: Insuring the Future ; 3: The Kyoto Protocol and its Carbon Market ; 4: The Road to Paris: An Insider’s Timeline ; 5: An Uncertain Future ; 6: Implementing the Carbon Market and its CDM ; 7: The Paris Agreement: Failure as an Opportunity ; 8: Avoiding Extinction ; 9: Four Obscure Articles in the Paris Agreement Hold the Key to Resolve Climate Change ; 10: Reversing Climate Change ; Epilogue: The Future Act of 2018: New U.S. Law Provides Unlimited Tax Credits to Remove CO2 from Air

Note: Contents: Introduction ; 1. Climate Change: What's the Big Deal? ; 2. Business as Usual: What Are the Costs? ; 3. Why Do Economists Like a Carbon Tax? ; 4. Isn't There a Better Way? (No, There Isn't) ; 5. Cap and Trade: The Other Way to Price Pollution ; 6. What To Do With $200 Billion: Give It Back ; 7. So You Want a Carbon Tax: How Do You Design It? ; 8. Objections to a Carbon Tax ; 9. Enacting a Carbon Tax: How Do We Get There? ; Afterword - What Next?

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2019 , TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Zusammenfassung Table of contents List of figures List of tables List of abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientific background and motivation 1.1.1 Permafrost degradation 1.1.2 Snow cover 1.1.3 Vegetation phenology 1.2 Remote sensing of rapid changes 1.2.1 SAR remote sensing 1.2.2 TerraSar-X 1.3 Data and methods 1.4 Aims and objectives 1.5 Study areas and data 1.6 Thesis structure and author contributions 1.6.1 Chapter 2 – Monitoring inter-and intra-seasonal dynamics of rapidly degrading ice-rich permafrost riverbanks in the Lena Delta with TerraSAR-X time series 1.6.2 Chapter 3 – TerraSAR-X time series fill a gap in spaceborne snowmelt monitoring of small Arctic catchments 1.6.3 Chapter 4 – Estimation of Arctic tundra vegetation phenology with TerraSAR-X 2 Monitoring inter-and intra-seasonal dynamics of rapidly degrading ice-rich permafrost riverbanks in the Lena Delta with TerraSAR-X time series 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Study area 2.4 Data and methods 2.4.1 SAR data and processing 2.4.2 Automated cliff-top line extraction from SAR data 2.4.3 Quantification of cliff-top erosion with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System 2.4.4 Cliff top mapping from optical satellite data 2.4.5 In-situ observations of cliff top erosion 2.4.6 Climate data 2.4.7 Statistical data analysis 2.5 Results 2.5.1 TSX erosion versus in-situ and optical datasets 2.5.2 Inter-and intra-annual cliff-top erosion and climate data 2.5.3 Backscatter time series 2.6 Discussion 2.6.1 Inter-annual dynamics of cliff-top erosion 2.6.2 Intra-annual dynamics of cliff-top erosion 2.6.3 Backscatter dynamics of tundra and cliff surfaces 2.7 Conclusions 2.8 Acknowledgments 3 TerraSAR-X time series fill a gap in spaceborne snowmelt monitoring of small Arctic catchments 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Data and methods 3.4.1 SAR satellite data 3.4.2 Optical satellite data 3.4.3 In-situ time-lapse camera data 3.4.4 Snow Cover Extent from TerraSAR-X 3.4.5 Snow Cover Extent from Landsat 8 3.4.6 Accuracy assessment of TerraSAR-X Snow Cover Extent 3.4.7 Fractional Snow Cover time series analysis 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Evaluation of TSX Snow Cover Extent 3.5.2 Time series of Fractional Snow Cover in all catchments 3.5.3 Time series of Fractional SnowCover in small catchments 3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Spatiotemporal monitoring of snowmelt dynamics using TSX 3.6.2 Technical considerations for using TSX for wet snow detection 3.7 Conclusions 3.8 Acknowledgements 3.9 Appendix 4 Relationships between X-Band SAR and vegetation phenology in a low Arctic ecosystem 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study area 4.4 Data and methods 4.4.1 In-situ time-lapse phenological cameras 4.4.2 Time-lapse image analysis 4.4.3 SAR satellite data 4.4.4 Backscatter and coherence time series 4.4.5 In-situ vegetation and climate data 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Phenocams 4.5.2 Backscatter dynamics 4.5.3 Coherence dynamics 4.6 Climate data 4.7 Backscatter and vegetation height 4.8 Discussion 4.9 Conclusion 4.10 Acknowledgments 5 Synthesis 5.1 Rapid permafrost disturbance 5.2 Snowmelt dynamics 5.3 Arctic tundra vegetation phenology 5.4 Seasonality and complementarity of TSX 5.5 Limitations and technical considerations 5.6 Key findings and outlook References Acknowledgements

Note: Contents: 1 Religion: It's a market ; 2 What determines religiousness ; 3 Religion and economic growth ; 4 Islam and economic growth ; 5 State religion ; 6 Religious clubs, terrorist organizations, and Tibetan Buddhism ; 7 When saints come marching in ; 8 The wealth of religions

Note: Contents: 1: Looking Foolish ; 2: The Demographics of Disaffiliation ; 3: Why They Say They Leave ; 4: The Night Before ; 5: Gaudium et spes, luctus et angor ; 6: The Morning After ; 7: Unto the Third and Fourth Generations ; Epilogue: Did the Council Fail?

Note: Contents: Preface ; 1. Pragmatism and the policy sciences ; 2. The Chicago School of Pragmatism ; 3. Functions of the decision process ; 4. Functionalism and policy change ; 5. The unity of knowledge and policy ; 6. The roots of misinterpretation ; 7. Conclusions – rediscovering the policy sciences.

Note: Contents Preface The Arctic and Antarctic – natural realms at the poles A brief history of the polar regions The human conquest of the polar regions Conclusion: The Arctic and Antarctic – two fundamentally different polar regions The polar regions as components of the global climate system Why it is so cold in the polar regions Ice floes, ice sheets and the sea Conclusion: A chain reaction with an icy end Climate change impacts in the polar regions The pathways of heat Retreating ice Conclusion: More heat – much less ice Polar flora and fauna Living in the cold Marine life Polar ecosystems in retreat Conclusion: Highly specialized and greatly threatened Polar politics and commerce The Arctic and Antarctic as political arenas An economic boom with side effects Conclusion: Growing interest in the polar regions Overall Conclusion Glossary Abbreviations Bibliography Contributors Index Partners and Acknowledgements Table of figures Publication details

Note: Contents: 1 The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Haakon Hop and Christian Wiencke Part I. Atmospheric conditions 2 The atmosphere above Ny-Ålesund : climate and global warming, ozone and surface UV radiation / Marion Maturilli, Inger Hanssen-Bauer, Roland Neuber, Markus Rex, and Kåre Edvardsen Part II. Oceanography, sea ice and underwater light regime 3 The Kongsfjorden Transect : seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography / Vigdis Tverberg, Ragnheid Skogseth, Finlo Cottier, Arild Sundfjord, Waldemar Walczowski, Mark E. Inall, Eva Falck, Olga Pavlova, and Frank Nilsen 4 Changes in sea-ice extent and thickness in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (2003-2016) / Olga Pavlova, Sebastian Gerland, and Haakon Hop 5 The underwater light climate in Kongsfjorden and its ecological implications / Alexey K. Pavlov, Eva Leu, Dieter Hanelt, Inka Bartsch, Ulf Karsten, Stephen R. Hudson, Jean-Charles Gallet, Finlo Cottier, Jonathan H. Cohen, Jørgen Berge, Geir Johnsen, Marion Maturilli, Piotr Kowalczuk, Sławomir Sagan, Justyna Meler, and Mats A. Granskog Part III. Pelagic production, phytoplankton and zooplankton 6 Phytoplankton seasonal dynamics in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard and the adjacent shelf / Else N. Hegseth, Philipp Assmy, Józef M. Wiktor, Józef Wiktor Jr., Svein Kristiansen, Eva Leu, Vigdis Tverberg, Tove M. Gabrielsen, Ragnheid Skogseth, and Finlo Cottier 7 Zooplankton in Kongsfjorden (1996-2016) in relation to climate change / Haakon Hop, Anette Wold, Mikko Vihtakari, Malin Daase, Slawomir Kwasniewski, Marta Gluchowska, Silke Lischka, Friedrich Buchholz and Stig Falk-Petersen Part IV. Benthic microbes, macroalgae and fauna 8 Living on cold substrata : new insights and approaches in the study of microphytobenthos ecophysiology and ecology in Kongsfjorden / Ulf Karsten, Iris Schaub, Jana Woelfel, Duygu S. Sevilgen, Carolin Schlie, Burkhard Becker, Angela Wulff, Martin Graeve, and Heiko Wagner 9 Biodiversity of benthic macro- and microalgae from Svalbard with special focus on Kongsfjorden / Stein Fredriksen, Ulf Karsten, Inka Bartsch, Jana Woelfel, Miriam Koblowsky, Rhena Schumann, Siri Røang Moy, Robert S. Steneck, Józef M. Wiktor, Haakon Hop, and Christian Wiencke 10. Kelps and environmental changes in Kongsfjorden : Stress perception and responses / Kai Bischof, Christian Buschbaum, Stein Frederiksen, Francisco J. L. Gordillo, Sandra Heinrich, Carlos Jiménez, Cornelius Lütz, Markus Molis, Michael Y. Roleda, Max Schwanitz, and Christian Wiencke 11. Ecological drivers of and responses by Arctic benthic communities, with an emphasis on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Markus Molis, Frank Beuchel, Jürgen Laudien, Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk, and Christian Buschbaum Part V. Arctic fjord ecosystem model and autonomous marine observatories. 12. Outline of an Arctic fjord ecosystem model for Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden, Svalbard / Pedro Duarte, Jan Marcin Weslawski, and Haakon Hop 13. Autonomous marine observatories in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Haakon Hop, Finlo Cottier, and Jørgen Berge Part VI. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic 14. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic : knowns, unknowns and research priorities / Kai Bischof, Peter Convey, Pedro Duarte, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Maria Granberg, Haakon Hop, Clara Hoppe, Carlos Jiménez, Leonid Lisitsyn, Brezo Martinez, Michael Y. Roleda, Peter Thor, Józef M. Wiktor, and Geir Wing Gabrielsen

Note: Contents: Introduction / Stephen Macedo -- Why trust science? : perspectives from the history and philosophy of science -- Science awry -- Coda: Values in science -- Comments. The epistemology of frozen peas : innocence, violence, and everyday trust in twentieth-century science / Susan Lindee ; What would reasons for trusting science be? / Marc Lange ; Pascal's wager reframed : toward trustworthy climate policy assessments for risk societies / Ottmar Edenhofer and Martin Kowarsch ; Comments on the present and future of science, inspired by Naomi Oreskes / Jon A. Krosnick -- Response. Reply -- Afterword.

Note: Table of contents Part 1: Introduction and Key Concepts 1: Introduction to Planetary Health 2: Key Concepts in Planetary Health Part 2: Conceptual Frameworks for Planetary Health 3: The Evolutionary Biology Approach: a Natural Baseline for Human Health 4: The Natural Capital Approach: Opportunities and Challenges 5: The One Earth Approach: Planetary Health in an Era of Limits 6: The Transhuman Approach: Technoscience and Nature Part 3: Human Health in an Era of Global Environmental Change 7: Trends in Human Health 8: The Demographic Transition 9: The Epidemiological Transition 10: The Ecological Transition 11: Agriculture: Land Use, Food Systems and Biodiversity 12: Urbanization, Living Standards and Sustainability 13: Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming 14: Environmental Protection: a Key Tool for Planetary Health 15: Conclusions: Equity, Distribution and Planetary Health Part 4: Case Studies of Planetary Health 16: Climate Change, Land Use and Waterborne Infectious Disease 17: Sanitation, Clean Energy and Fertilizer 18: Trees, Well-being and Urban Greening 19: Livestock, Antibiotics and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Note: SECTION I TYPES OF DEMOCRATIC INNOVATION 1. Defining and typologising democratic innovations 11 Stephen Elstub and Oliver Escobar 2. Democratic innovations and theories of democracy 32 Ian O'Flynn 3. Mini-publics: design choices and legitimacy 45 Clodagh Harris 4. Collaborative governance: between invited and invented spaces 60 Sonia Bussu 5. The long journey of participatory budgeting 77 Ernesto Ganuza and Gianpaolo Baiocchi 6. Referendums and citizens' initiatives 90 Maija Jaske and Maija Setala 7. Digital participation 105 Hollie Russon Gilman and Tiago Carneiro Peixoto SECTION II DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS AND THE DEMOCRATIC MALAISE 8. Does political trust matter? 120 Gerry Stoker and Mark Evans 9. Accountability and democratic innovations 135 Albert Weale 10. Anti-politics and democratic innovation 148 Matthew Flinders, Matthew Wood and Jack Corbett 11. The impact of democratic innovations on citizens' efficacy 161 Paolo Spada SECTION III ACTORS IN DEMOCRATIC INNOVATION 12. Facilitators: the micropolitics of public participation and deliberation 178 Oliver Escobar 13. Consultants: the emerging participation industry 196 Laurence Bherer and Caroline W. Lee 14. Public servants in innovative democratic governance 209 Wieke Blijleven, Merlijn van Hulst and Frank Hendriks 15. Experts: the politics of evidence and expertise in democratic innovation 225 Ruth Lightbody and Jennifer J. Roberts 16. Advocates: interest groups, civil society organisations and democratic innovation 241 Carolyn M. Hendriks 17. The role of elected representatives in democratic innovations 255 Nivek Thompson 18. Journalists: the role of the media in democratic innovation 269 Gianfranco Pomatto SECTION IV DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS IN POLICY AND GOVERNANCE 19. Democratic innovations and the policy process 282 Adrian Bua 20. Democratic innovation in science and technology 297 Sarah R. Davies 21. Democratic innovation in social policy 310 Rikki Dean 22. Democratic innovation and environmental governance 324 Jens Newig, Edward Challies and Nicolas W. Jager 23. Democratic innovation in constitutional reform 339 Ron Levy 24. Democratic innovation in transnational and global governance 354 Mikko Rask, Bjorn Bedsted, Edward Andersson and Liisa Kallio SECTION V DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS AROUND THE WORLD 25. Democratic innovations in North America 371 Christopher F. Karpowitz and Chad Raphael 26. Democratic innovations in Latin America 389 Thamy Pogrebinschi and Melisa Ross 27. Democratic innovations in Europe 404 Brigitte Geissel 28. Trends in democratic innovation in Asia 421 Naoyuki Mikami 29. Democratic innovation in Australasia 435 Lucy Parry, Jane Alver and Nivek Thompson 30. Local democratic innovations in Africa 449 Isabel Ferreira and Giovanni Allegretti SECTION VI RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS 31. Quantitative methods in democratic innovation research 472 Simon Beste and Dominik Wyss 32. Qualitative approaches to democratic innovations 486 Julien Talpin 33. Mixed methods research in democratic innovation 501 Oliver Escobar and Andrew Thompson 34. Using experiments to study democratic innovations 515 Kimmo Groenlund and Kaisa Herne 35. From discourse quality index to deliberative transformative moments 527 Maria Clara Jaramillo and Ju rg Steiner 36. Analysing deliberative transformation : a multi-level approach incorporating Q methodology 540 Simon Niemeyer 37. Comparative approaches to the study of democratic innovation 558 Matt Ryan CONCLUDING CHAPTER 38. Reflections on the theory and practice of democratic innovations 572 Graham Smith Index 583

Note: Contents: What Is Telecoupling? ; Telecoupling: A New Framework for Researching Land-Use Change in a Globalised World ; Explanations in Telecoupling Research ; Mapping Export-Oriented Crop Production ; Telecoupling and Consumption in Agri-Food Systems ; Toolbox: Flow Analysis—Social Metabolism in the Analysis of Telecoupling ; Trade and Land-Use Telecouplings ; Governance for Sustainability in Telecoupled Systems ; Toolbox: Operationalising Telecoupling with Network Analysis ; Environmental Justice in Telecoupling Research ; Livelihoods through the Lens of Telecoupling ; Toolbox: Spatial Analysis and Modelling ; Urban Telecouplings ; Conservation Telecouplings ; Toolbox: Capturing and Understanding Telecoupling through Qualitative Research ; Discursive Telecouplings ; Beyond Integration: Exploring the Interdisciplinary Potential of Telecoupling Research ; Co-producing Knowledge for Sustainable Development in Telecoupled Land Systems

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2020 , CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1.1 Context: A rapidly changing Arctic 1.1.1 Documentation of recent changes in the Arctic 1.1.2 Research relevance 1.1.3 Objective: Svalbard as a hotspot for climate change 1.2 Physical Background 1.2.1 Radiation and surface energy balance 1.2.2 Peculiarities of the Arctic climate system 1.2.3 Role of atmospheric circulation 1.3 The regional setup on Svalbard 2 data and methods 2.1 Data description 2.1.1 Era-Interim atmospheric reanalysis 2.1.2 Svalbard Station Meteorology 2.1.3 Sea Ice Extent 2.1.4 Ocean data products 2.1.5 FLEXTRA Trajectories 2.2 Statistical Methods 2.2.1 Trend estimation 2.2.2 Correlation 2.2.3 Coefficient of Determination 3 state of surface climate parameters: pan-svalbard differences 3.1 Motivation 3.2 Surface air temperature 3.2.1 Annual cycle 3.2.2 Annual temperature range 3.2.3 Long-term trends 3.3 Fjord Sea Ice coverage 3.3.1 Climatology 3.3.2 Sea ice cover trends 3.3.3 Regional classification across Svalbard 3.3.4 Drivers of regional differences 3.4 Discussion and Conclusion 3.5 Current state of climate projections for the Svalbard region 4 Air mass back trajectories 4.1 Methodology 4.2 Winter 4.2.1 Source Regions of Ny-Ålesund Air 4.2.2 Circulation changes 4.2.3 Quantification of Advective Warming 4.3 Summer 4.3.1 Source Regions of Ny-Ålesund Air 4.3.2 Circulation changes 4.3.3 Quantification of advective cooling 4.3.4 Observational Case Study: May/June 2017 4.4 Discussion and Conclusion 5 Changing drivers of the arctic near surface temperature budget 5.1 Winter 5.2 Summer 5.3 Summary 6 Summary and conclusion A Details on calculations A.1 SLP composite Index A.2 Derivation of coefficient of determination A.3 Temperature effect of changing source regions over time B Supplementary figures Bibliography

Note: Contents: Empire of law --Coding land --Cloning legal persons --Minting debt --Enclosing nature's code --A code for the globe --The masters of the code --A new code? --Capital rules by law.

Note: Contents Introduction 1 I Discovering Wonder in the Deep 2 I Marine Science for the Nation or for the World? 3 I Scientific Internationalism in a Pacific World 4 I Cold War Science on the Seafloor 5 I Ocean Science and Governance in the Anthropocene Conclusion Notes Acknowledgments Index

Note: Table of Contents Introductory perspectives Chapter 1: Introduction: Cold War science in the North American Arctic / by Stephen Bocking, Daniel Heidt Strategic science Chapter 2: Ice and the depths of the ocean: probing Greenland's Melville Bay during the Cold War / by Mark Nuttall Chapter 3: Leadership, cultures, the Cold War and the establishment of Arctic scientific stations: situating the Joint Arctic Weather Stations (JAWS) / by P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Daniel Heidt Chapter 4: Frontier footage: science and colonial attitudes on film in Northern Canada, 1948–1954 / by Matthew S. Wiseman Chapter 5: Portraying America's last frontier: Alaska in the media during the Second World War and the Cold War / by Victoria Herrmann Chapter 6: Making “Man in the Arctic”: academic and military entanglements, 1944–49 / by Matthew Farish Cold War economies Chapter 7: Arctic pipelines and permafrost science: North American rivalries in the shadow of the Cold War, 1968–1982 / by Robert Page Chapter 8: Cold oil: linking strategic and resource science in the Canadian Arctic / by Stephen Bocking Chapter 9: Icebergs in Iowa: Saudi dreams, Antarctic hydrologics and the production of Cold War environmental knowledge / by Rafico Ruiz Chapter 10: Science and Indigenous knowledge in land claims settlements: negotiating the Inuvialuit Final Agreement, 1977–1978 / by Andrew Stuhl Science crossing borders Chapter 11: Knowledge base: polar explorers and the integration of science, security, and US foreign policy in Greenland, from the Great War to the Cold War / by Dawn Alexandrea Berry Chapter 12: Institutions and the changing nature of Arctic research during the early Cold War / by Lize-Marié van der Watt, Peder Roberts, Julia Lajus Chapter 13: Rockets over Thule? American hegemony, ionosphere research and the politics of rockets in the wake of the 1968 Thule B-52 accident / by Henrik Knudsen Chapter 14: Applied science and practical cooperation: Operation Morning Light and the recovery of cosmos 954 in the Northwest Territories, 1978 / by P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Ryan Dean Chapter 15: Melting the ice curtain: indigeneity and the Alaska Siberia Medical Research Program, 1982–1988 / by Tess Lanzarotta Epilogue: global Cold War—the Antarctic and the Arctic Chapter 16: Antarctic science and the Cold War / by Adrian Howkins

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Das Dilemma 1.1 Die Welt verändert sich 1.2 Die Organisation im gesellschaftlichen Wandel 1.3 Teilzeit-Führung als Herausforderung 1.4 Psychologische Aspekte 1.4.1 Psychologische Modelle und Theorien 1.4.2 Persönlichkeitsentwicklung und Resilienz 1.4.3 Selbstcoaching 1.5 Betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte (Makroebene) Literatur 2 Das Umfeld 2.1 Der Übergang zur Teilzeit-Führung braucht Instabilität 2.2 Digitalisierung 2.3 Agilität; Das Serum-Prinzip Literatur 3 Die Führung 3.1 Historische Modelle und aktueller Status 3.2 Neue Führung braucht neue Führungstypen (np-Studie) 3.2.1 Fünf Führungstypen 3.2.2 Roadmap für die Entwicklung „guter Führung“ 3.3 Arbeitskultur im Wandel 3.4 Führung in Vernetzung und Komplexität Literatur 4 Kultur in ihren unterschiedlichen Facetten 4.1 Kultur als Begriff 4.2 Untemehmenskultur 4.3 Wie sieht eine (Organisations-) Kultur für Teilzeit-Führung aus? Literatur 5 Die Theorie (der Teilzeit-Führung) 5.1 Arbeitszeit wird kein Frauenthema bleiben 5.2 Teilzeit-Führung - eine Begriffsdefinition 5.3 Aktueller Forschungsstand 5.4 Modelle der Teilzeit-Führung 5.4.1 Vollzeitnahe Teilzeitarbeit 5.4.2 Kadermodell 5.4.3 Top Sharing 5.4.4 Job/Top Splitting 5.5 Erfolgreiche Ansätze zur Teilzeit-Führung in ausgewählten Unternehmen 5.5.1 elbdudler GmbH - Vollzeitnahe Teilzeitarbeit 5.5.2 DATEV eG - Diverse Modelle der Teilzeit-Führung 5.5.3 Commerzbank AG - Top Sharing 5.5.4 Robert Bosch GmbH - Vollzeitnahe Teilzeitarbeit 5.5.5 Trumpf GmbH & Co. KG - Teilzeit Invest 5.6 Erfolgsfaktoren der Teilzeit-Führung 5.7 Grenzen der Führung in Teilzeit Literatur 6 Generation Y - Neue Ansprüche an Führungskräfte und Arbeitgeber 6.1 Jede Generation hat eigene Merkmale 6.2 Erwartungen an einen Arbeitgeber 6.3 Anforderungen an Arbeitszeitmodelle Literatur 7 Die Methode 7.1 Systemaufstellung: Alles Humbug oder nützliches Instrument? 7.1.1 Vorbereitung und Ausgangspunkt 7.1.2 Phase 1: Führungskraft mit Teilzeitoption prototypisch 7.1.3 Phase 2: Führungskraft mit Teilzeitoption in einem mittelständischen Maschinenbauuntemehmen 7.1.4 Phase 3: Führungskraft mit Teilzeitoption in Schweden 7.2 Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse Literatur 8 Die Herausforderung 8.1 Kultur sichtbar machen 8.1.1 Das Interview- und Analysewerkzeug „nextexpertizer“ 8.1.2 Die vierstündige Übung von Ed Schein 8.2 Führungsverständnis reflektieren 8.3 Wie wir reden und was wir meinen (Kommunikation und Betriebsklima) 8.3.1 Vertrauen 8.3.2 Lösungsorientierung 8.3.3 Metakommunikation 8.3.4 Besprechungsroutinen 8.4 Organisationsstruktur unter die Lupe nehmen 8.5 Kreativität ins Unternehmen bringen 8.6 Die Personalabteilung aufmöbeln (HR 2020) 8.6.1 Hürden überwinden 8.6.2 Pilotprojekte - wer nicht wagt 8.6.3 Beteiligte bestärken und beraten Literatur 9 Die Lösung 9.1 Das Projekt „Augenhöhe" 9.2 Buurtzorg 9.3 Voraussetzungen für Teilzeit-Führung schaffen 9.4 Kollektive Lösungsfindung 9.4.1 Open Space 9.4.2 nextmoderator® 9.5 Vertrauen schaffen 9.6 Mut zur Entscheidung Literatur 10 Der Ausblick Sachverzeichnis

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ МИКОБИОТА УСТЬ-ЛЕНСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИКА / Михалева, Л.Г. ВОДОРОСЛИ УСТЬЕВОЙ ОБЛАСТИ РЕКИ ЛЕНА / Габышев, В.А., Царенко, П.М., Иванова, А.П. РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ ЛИСТВЕННИЦЫ КАЯНДЕРА (LARIX CAJANDERI) И ОЛЬХОВНИКА (DUSCHEКIA FRUТICOSA) В ПРАВОБЕРЕЖЬЕ РЕКИ ЛЕНА, НА УЧАСТКЕ «СОКОЛ» УСТЬ-ЛЕНСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИКА / Николин, Е.Г., Якшина, И.А. РЫБЫ ДЕЛЬТЫ РЕКИ ЛЕНА НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЗАПОВЕДНИКА «УСТЬ-ЛЕНСКИЙ» / Корякин, П.Д. ПТИЦЫ ДЕЛЬТЫ РЕКИ ЛЕНА / Поздняков, В.И. ОВЦЕБЫК (OV/805 MOSCHATUS) В НИЖНЕЙ ЧАСТИ РЕКИ ЛЕНА / Кириллин, Е.В., Ануфриев, А.И., Охлопков, И.М. , CONTENT Mycobiota of the Ust-Lena reserve / Mikhaleva, L.G. Algae of the Lena river mouth area / Gabyshev, V.A., Tsarenko, P.M., Ivanova, A.P. Distribution of Cajander larch (Larix cajander) and alder (Duschekia Fruticosa) in the right bank of the Lena river in the Sokol site of the Ust-Lena reserve / Nikolin, E.G., Yakshina, I.A. Fishes of the Lena river delta in the territory of the Ust-Lensky reserve / Koryakin, P.D. Birds of the Lena delta / Pozdnyakov, V.I. Musk Ox (OV/805 MOSCHATUS) in the lower part of the Lena river / Kirillin, E.V., Anufriev, A.I., Okhlopkov, I.M.

Note: Contents 1 Introduction References Part I Molecular Stress Physiology 2 General Themes of Molecular Stress Physiology 2.1 Definitions and Concepts 2.1.1 Stress 2.1.2 Quantification of Stress 2.1.3 Escape–Resistance–Avoidance–Tolerance 2.1.4 Stress Responses–Acclimation–Adaptation 2.1.5 Filters Determining Species Distribution 2.2 Activation of Stress Tolerance and Avoidance Mechanisms 2.2.1 Stress Sensing and Signal Transduction 2.2.2 Transcriptional Control 2.2.3 Oxidative Stress 2.2.4 Long-Distance Stress Signalling 2.2.5 The Model System Arabidopsis thaliana 2.3 Stress and Growth Regulation 2.4 Molecular Basis of Escape and Anticipation of Stress 2.4.1 Circadian Rhythms 2.4.2 Anticipation of Seasonal Changes in Environmental Conditions 2.4.3 Developmental Switches Triggered by Favourable Conditions 2.4.4 Trans-Generational Stress Memory Summary References 3 Light 3.1 The Dual Significance of Light 3.2 Visible Light 3.2.1 Avoidance of Light Stress and Permanent or Dynamic Acclimation 3.2.2 Overexcitation and Damage to Photosynthetic Membranes. 3.2.3 Flexible Acclimation to Changes in Light Intensity 3.2.4 Continuous Light 3.2.5 Light Triggers Plant Adaptation and Acclimation to the Environment 3.3 UV-B Radiation 3.3.1 Ranges of Ultraviolet Radiation and Biological Activity 3.3.2 Ultraviolet-B Damage and Repair Mechanisms 3.3.3 Avoidance of Ultraviolet-B-Induced Stress 3.3.4 Ultraviolet-B Perception and Signalling 3.3.5 Crosstalk Between Ultraviolet-B and Visible Light Responses Summary References 4 Temperature 4.1 The Temperature Challenge 4.1.1 Temperature Dependence of Life 4.1.2 Plants as Poikilothermic Organisms 4.1.3 Variations in Temperature Range 4.1.4 Strategies to Cope with Temperature Fluctuations and Temperature Extremes 4.2 Cold Acclimation and Freezing Tolerance 4.2.1 Adjustment of Membrane Fluidity 4.2.2 Prevention of Photoinhibition 4.2.3 Cryoprotective Proteins 4.2.4 Control of Ice Formation 4.2.5 Signalling Networks Involved in Cold Acclimation 4.2.6 Freezing Avoidance and Freezing Tolerance in Tropical High Mountain Plants 4.3 Heat Stress 4.3.1 Heat Stress Avoidance 4.3.2 Acquired Thermotolerance 4.3.3 The Heat Shock Response 4.4 Temperature Sensing 4.4.1 Sensing of Extreme Temperatures 4.4.2 Sensing of Ambient Temperature Changes Summary References 5 Oxygen Deficiency 5.1 Conditions of Flooded Soil 5.2 Hypoxia-Induced Damage: Energy Metabolism of Plants Under Oxygen Deficiency 5.3 Natural Variation in the Ability to Endure Inundation by Water 5.4 Adaptations to Flooding-Prone Habitats 5.4.1 Anatomical–Morphological Adaptations and Modifications 5.4.2 Biochemical Modifications 5.5 Sensing of Flooding and Ensuing Signal Transduction 5.5.1 Ethylene Signal Transduction 5.5.2 Oxygen Sensing 5.6 Regulation of Avoidance and Tolerance Strategies Summary References 6 Water Deficiency (Drought) 6.1 The Properties of Water 6.2 Water Acquisition and Movement: Cellular Aspects 6.2.1 The Water Potential 6.2.2 Facilitation of Intercellular and Intracellular Water Flow: Aquaporins 6.3 Drought Stress Responses: Avoidance and Tolerance 6.3.1 Control of the Osmotic Potential 6.3.2 Protective Proteins 6.3.3 Regulation of the Stomatal Aperture 6.4 Acclimation of Growth 6.4.1 Inhibition of Shoot Growth 6.4.2 Stimulation of Root Growth 6.5 Sensing of Water Status and Signal Transduction 6.5.1 Sensing of Water Status 6.5.2 ABA Signal Transduction 6.5.3 ABA-Independent Signalling 6.6 Photosynthesis Variants with Improved Water Use Efficiency 6.6.1 C4 Photosynthesis 6.6.2 Evolution of C 4 Photosynthesis 6.6.3 Crassulacean Acid Metabolism 6.6.4 Evolution of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Photosynthesis Summary References 7 Adverse Soil Mineral Availability 7.1 Mineral Nutrients 7.2 The Mineral Nutrition Challenge 7.2.1 Elements in the Soil 7.2.2 Element Toxicity 7.3 Nutrient Acquisition and Responses to Nutrient Scarcity 7.3.1 Modulation of Nutrient Availability 7.3.2 Cellular Ion Transport Mechanisms 7.3.3 Modulation of Nutrient Uptake in Response to Deficiency 7.3.4 Intracellular Transport and Cellular Aspects of Long-Distance Transport 7.3.5 Plasticity of Root Architecture and Responses to Nutrient Deficiency 7.3.6 Sensing of Nutrient Availability and Nutrient Status . 7.4 Nutrient Acquisition Symbioses 7.4.1 Mycorrhizae 7.4.2 Nitrogen Fixation 7.4.3 The Common Sym Pathway 7.5 Responses to Element Toxicity and Tolerance Mechanisms 7.5.1 Essential Metal Toxicity and Tolerance 7.5.2 Metal Hyperaccumulators as Models for Adaptation to Extreme Environments 7.5.3 Sodium Toxicity 7.5.4 Aluminium Toxicity and Tolerance 7.5.5 Non-Essential Toxic Metals Summary References 8 Biotic Stress 8.1 Plant Disease Caused by Pathogens 8.1.1 Types of Pathogens: Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Oomycetes and Nematodes 8.1.2 Pathogenicity Mechanisms 8.2 Plant Defences Against Microbial Pathogens and Viruses 8.2.1 Preformed Defences Against Bacteria, Fungi and Oomycetes 8.2.2 Inducible Local Defences 8.2.3 Inducible Systemic Resistance 8.2.4 Defence Against Viruses via Gene Silencing 8.3 Herbivory 8.3.1 Constitutive Defences 8.3.2 Inducible Defences Against Herbivores 8.3.3 How Plant–Herbivore Interactions Drive Genetic Diversity 8.4 Parasitic Plants 8.5 Allelopathy Summary References Part II Physiological and Biophysical Plant Ecology 9 Thermal Balance of Plants and Plant Communities 9.1 Energy Balance of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer 9.2 Microclimate Near the Ground Surface 9.2.1 Daily Changes in Temperature Near the Ground 9.2.2 Modification of Environmental Radiation and Temperature by Abiotic Factors 9.2.3 Modification of the Radiation Budget and Temperature by Biotic Factors 9.3 Energy Balance of Leaves 9.4 Acclimation and Adaptation to Temperature Extremes 9.4.1 Acclimation and Adaptation to High Temperatures 9.4.2 Acclimation and Adaptation to Low Temperatures Summary References 10 Water Relations 10.1 Water as an Environmental Factor 10.1.1 Water Use by Plants and Animals 10.1.2 Availability of Water on Earth 10.1.3 Drivers of Water Flow Between the Soil and the Atmosphere 10.2 Water Transport from the Soil to the Plant 10.2.1 Water Uptake 10.2.2 Xylem Water Transport 10.2.3 Phloem Water Transport 10.3 Transpiration 10.3.1 Stomatal Responses to Plant-Internal Factors 10.3.2 Stomatal Responses to Environmental Factors Summary References 11 Nutrient Relations 11.1 Availability of Soil Nutrients and Ion Use 11.1.1 Plant Nutrients 11.1.2 Availability of Nutrients in Soil 11.1.3 General Aspects of Plant Nutrition 11.1.4 Nutrient Deficiency and Excess 11.2 Nitrogen Nutrition 11.2.1 Nitrogen in Plant Metabolism 11.2.2 Nitrogen Uptake and Nutrition 11.2.3 Nitrogen Requirements for Growth 11.2.4 Nitrogen Storage 11.2.5 Insectivorous Plants 11.2.6 Nitrogen Deficiency and Excess 11.3 Sulphur Nutrition 11.3.1 Sulphur in Plant Metabolism 11.3.2 Sulphur Uptake and Plant Requirements 11.3.3 Indicators of Sulphur Deficiency and Excess 11.4 Phosphate Nutrition 11.4.1 Phosphorus in Plant Metabolism 11.4.2 Phosphate Uptake and Plant Requirements 11.4.3 Indicators of Phosphorus Deficiency and Excess 11.5 Alkaline Cation Nutrition 11.5.1 Magnesium 11.5.2 Calcium 11.5.3 Potassium Summary References 12 Carbon Relations 12.1 Photosynthetic CO2 Uptake: Physiological and Physical Basis 12.1.1 Photosynthesis as a Diffusion Process 12.1.2 Evolution of C 3, C4 and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plant Species 12.2 Photosynthesis Models and Calculation of 13C/12C Fluxes (Contribution by A. Arneth) 12.2.1 RubisCO-Limited or RuBP-Saturated Rate (Av) 12.2.2 RuBP Regeneration–Dependent and Electron Transport–Limiting Rate (Aj) 12.2.3 Supply of CO 2 Through Stomata 12.2.4 13C/12C Discrimination 12.3 Specific Leaf Area, Nitrogen Concentrations and Photosynthetic Capacity 12.3.1 Specific Leaf Area 12.3.2 Maximum Rates of CO2 Assimilation 12.4 Response of Photosynthesis to Environmental Variables 12.4.1 Light Response of CO 2 Assimilation 12.4.2 Temperature Response of CO2 Assimilation 12.4.3 Relative Air Humidi

Note: Contents Additives and Chemicals in Plastics / Anthony L. Andrady and Nepali Rajapakse Food Containers and Packaging Materials as Possible Source of Hazardous Chemicals to Food / Evangelia Manoli and Dimitra Voutsa Release of Additives and Monomers from Plastic Wastes / Charita S. Kwan and Hideshige Takada Degradation of Various Plastics in the Environment / Kalliopi N. Fotopoulou and Hrissi K. Karapanagioti Occurrence of Marine Litter in the Marine Environment: A World Panorama of Floating and Seafloor Plastics / Christos Ioakeimidis, François Galgani, and George Papatheodorou Sources, Distribution, and Fate of Microscopic Plastics in Marine Environments / Richard C. Thompson Nature of Plastic Marine Pollution in the Subtropical Gyres / Marcus Eriksen, Martin Thiel, and Laurent Lebreton Hazardous Chemicals in Plastics in Marine Environments: International Pellet Watch / Rei Yamashita, Kosuke Tanaka, Bee Geok Yeo, Hideshige Takada, Jan A. van Franeker, Megan Dalton, and Eric Dale Sorption of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds to Plastics in the Marine Environment: Equilibrium / Satoshi Endo and Albert A. Koelmans Sorption of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds to Plastics in the Marine Environment: Sorption and Desorption Kinetics / Hrissi K. Karapanagioti and David Werner Biofilms on Plastic Debris and Their Influence on Marine Nutrient Cycling, Productivity, and Hazardous Chemical Mobility / Tracy J. Mincer, Erik R. Zettler, and Linda A. Amaral-Zettler Ingestion of Plastics by Marine Organisms / Peter G. Ryan Transfer of Hazardous Chemicals from Ingested Plastics to Higher-Trophic-Level Organisms / Kosuke Tanaka, Rei Yamashita, and Hideshige Takada The Role of Plastic Debris as Another Source of Hazardous Chemicals in Lower-Trophic Level Organisms / Chelsea M. Rochman Conclusions of “Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in Environment” / Hrissi K. Karapanagioti and Hideshige Takada Erratum to: Food Containers and Packaging Materials as Possible Source of Hazardous Chemicals to Food / Evangelia Manoli and Dimitra Voutsa Index

Note: Contents 1 History and Description of Ice Ages 1.1 Discovery of Ice Ages 1.2 Description of Ice Sheets 1.3 Vegetation During LGM 1.3.1 LGM Climate 1.3.2 Global Flora 1.3.3 Ice Age Forests 1.4 Vegetation and Dust Generation During the LGM 1.4.1 Introduction: Effect of Low CO2 on Plants 1.4.2 C3 and C4 Flora Differences 1.4.3 Effects of Low CO2 on Tree Lines 1.4.4 Source of the LGM Dust 2 Variability of the Earth’s Climate 2.1 Factors that Influence Global Climate 2.2 Stable Extremes of the Earth’s Climate 2.3 Ice Ages in the Recent Geological Past 3 Ice Core Methodology 3.1 History of Ice Core Research 3.2 Dating Ice Core Data 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Age Markers 3.2.3 Counting Layers Visually 3.2.4 Layers Determined by Measurement 3.2.5 Ice Flow Modeling 3.2.6 Other Dating Methods 3.2.7 Synchronization of Dating of Ice Cores from Greenland and Antarctica 3.2.8 GISP2 Experience 3.2.9 Tuning 3.2.10 Flimsy Logic 3.3 Processing Ice Core Data 3.3.1 Temperature Estimates from Ice Cores 3.3.2 Temperature Estimates from Borehole Models 3.3.3 Climate Variations 3.3.4 Trapped Gases 4 Ice Core Data 4.1 Greenland Ice Core Historical Temperatures 4.2 Antarctica Ice Core Historical Temperatures 4.2.1 Vostok and EPICA Data 4.2.2 Homogeneity of Antarctic Ice Cores 4.3 North-South Synchrony 4.3.1 Direct Comparison of Greenland and Antarctica Ice Core Records 4.3.2 Sudden Changes 4.3.3 Interpretation of Sudden Change in Terms of Ocean Circulation 4.3.4 Seasonal Variability of Precipitation 4.4 Data from High-Elevation Ice Cores 4.5 Carbon Dioxide 4.5.1 Measurements 4.5.2 Explanations 4.6 Dust in Ice Cores 5 Ocean Sediment Data 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Chronology 5.3 Universality of Ocean Sediment Data 5.4 Summary of Ocean Sediment Ice Volume Data 5.5 Comparison of Ocean Sediment Data with Polar Ice Core Data 5.6 Historical Sea Surface Temperatures 5.7 Ice-Rafted Debris 6 Other Data Sources 6.1 Devil’s Hole 6.1.1 Devil’s Hole Data 6.1.2 Comparison of Devil’s Hole Data with Ocean Sediment Data 6.1.3 Devil’s Hole: Global or Regional Data? 6.1.4 Comparison of Devil’s Hole Data with Vostok Data 6.1.5 The Continuing Controversy 6.2 Speleothems in Caves 6.3 Magnetism in Rocks and Loess 6.3.1 Magnetism in Loess 6.3.2 Rock Magnetism in Lake Sediments 6.4 Pollen Records 6.5 Physical Indicators 6.5.1 Ice Sheet Moraines 6.5.2 Coral Terraces 6.5.3 Mountain Glaciers 6.6 Red Sea Sediments 7 Overview of the Various Models for Ice Ages 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Variability of the Sun 7.3 Astronomical Theory 7.4 Volcanism 7.5 Greenhouse Gases 7.6 Role of the Oceans 7.6.1 Glacial-Interglacial Cycles: The Consensus View 7.6.2 Sudden Climate Change - The Consensus View 7.6.3 Wunsch’s Objections 7.7 Models Based on Clouds 7.7.1 Extraterrestrial Dust Accretion 7.7.2 Clouds Induced by Cosmic Rays 7.7.3 Ocean–Atmosphere Model 7.8 Models Based on the Southern Hemisphere 8 Variability of the Earth’s Orbit: Astronomical Theory 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Variability of the Earth’s Orbit 8.2.1 Variability Within the Orbital Plane 8.2.2 Variability of the Orbital Plane 8.3 Calculation of Solar Intensities 8.4 Importance of Each Orbital Parameter 8.5 Historical Solar Irradiance at Higher Latitudes 8.6 Connection Between Solar Variability and Glaciation/Deglaciation Cycles According to Astronomical Theory 8.6.1 Models for Ice Volume 8.6.2 Review of the Imbries’ Model 8.6.3 Memory Model 8.6.4 Modification of Paillard Model 8.7 Models Based on Eccentricity or Obliquity 8.7.1 A Model Based on Eccentricity 8.7.2 The Middle-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) 9 Comparison of Astronomical Theory with Data 9.1 Ice Volume Versus Solar Input 9.2 Spectral Analysis 9.2.1 Introduction 9.2.2 Spectral Analysis of Solar and Paleoclimate Data 10 Interglacials 11 Terminations of Ice Ages 11.1 Abstract 11.2 Background 11.3 Terminations 11.4 North or South (or Both)? 11.5 Models Based on CO 2 and the Southern Hemisphere 11.6 Climate Models for Terminations of Ice Ages 11.7 Model Based on Solar Amplitudes 11.8 Dust as the Driver for Terminations 11.8.1 Introduction 11.8.2 Antarctic Dust Data 11.8.3 Correlation of Ice Core Dust Data with Terminations 11.8.4 Dust Levels on the Ice Sheets 11.8.5 Optical Properties of Surface Deposited Dust 11.8.6 Source of the Dust 11.8.7 Ice Sheet Margins 11.9 Model Based on Solar Thresholds 11.10 The Milankovitch Model Versus the Most Likely Model 11.10.1 Criteria for a Theory 11.10.2 The “Milankovitch” Model 11.10.3 The Most Likely Model 11.10.4 Unanswered Questions 12 Status of Our Understanding References Index

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019 , 1. Introduction 1.1. Research Objectives 1.2. Outline and Structure of the Thesis 2. Theoretical Background 2.1. Introduction 2.2. SAR Imaging 2.2.1. SAR Image Distortions 2.2.2. SAR Imaging Modes 2.2.3. SAR Missions 2.3. SAR Interferometry 2.3.1. InSAR Workflow 2.3.2. InSAR Decorrelation 2.3.3. Errors in InSAR 2.3.4. Examples of Interferograms 2.3.5. Decomposition of Line-of-Sight Measurements 2.4. Multi Temporal InSAR 2.4.1. Scattering Mechanisms in SAR Images 2.4.2. Interferogram Stacking 2.4.3. Persistent Scatterer InSAR 2.4.4. Small Baseline InSAR 2.5. Analysis of Displacement Time Series 2.5.1. Continuous Wavelet Transform 2.5.2. Cross Wavelet Transform 2.5.3. Application of CWT and XWT to InSAR Time Series 3. Methodological Contribution 37 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Challenges in Large-scale InSAR 3.3. Proposed Method 3.3.1. Interferogram Formation 3.3.2. Adaptive Correction of Interferograms 3.3.3. Estimating the Displacement Rate 3.3.4. Estimating the Time Series of Displacement 4. InSAR Monitoring of Localized Landslide in Taihape, New Zealand 4.1. Abstract 4.2. Introduction 4.3. Study Area 4.4. Methods 4.4.1. InSAR Measurement 4.4.2. Ancillary Data 4.4.3. Cause-Effect Analysis 4.5. Results 4.5.1. Small-baseline Interferograms 4.5.2. Time-series Results 4.6. Discussion 4.6.1. Suitability of InSAR Measurements for Monitoring the Taihape Landslide 4.6.2. Interpretation of InSAR Results 4.6.3. Comparison with Ground Truth 4.6.4. Comparison with Rainfall and Groundwater Level 4.7. Conclusion 4.8. Acknowledgments 4.9. Supplementary Materials 5. InSAR Measurement of Regional Land Subsidence in Tehran, Iran 5.1. Abstract 5.2. Introduction 5.3. Study Area and Problem Description 5.4. Datasets 5.4.1. SAR Data 5.4.2. Leveling 5.4.3. Groundwater Level 5.5. Methods 5.5.1. Multi-temporal InSAR Analysis 5.5.2. Merging InSAR Time Series 5.5.3. Cause-Effect Analysis 5.6. Results 5.6.1. Southwest of Tehran 5.6.2. IKA Airport 5.6.3. Varamin County 5.6.4. Time Series of Displacement 5.6.5. Accuracy, Precision and Consistency Assessments 5.7. Discussion 5.7.1. Structural Control of the Displacement 5.7.2. Comparison with Groundwater 5.7.3. Elastic vs. Inelastic Compaction 5.8. Conclusion 5.9. Acknowledgments 5.10. Supplementary materials 5.10.1. Significance of Tropospheric Delay 5.10.2. Decomposition of LOS Measurement 5.10.3. Under/Overestimation of Displacement Rates 6. Sentinel-1 InSAR Measurement of Anthropogenic Deformation in Germany 6.1. Summary 6.2. Introduction 6.3. Sentinel-1 InSAR Processing 6.4. Large-scale Sentinel-1 Processing 6.5. Anthropogenic Ground Motion in Berlin 6.6. Mining-induced Deformation in Leipzig 6.7. Conclusions and Prospect 6.8. Acknowledgements 7. Subsequent Work: Measurement of Localized Deformations over Extensive Areas 7.1. Introduction 7.2. SAR Datasets 7.3. Sentinel-1 Interferograms 7.4. Corrected Interferograms 7.5. Displacement Maps and Time Series 7.6. Discussion 7.7. Conclusion 8. Cooperation Works 8.1. Quantifying Land Subsidence in the Rafsanjan Plain, Iran Using InSAR Measurements 8.1.1. Abstract 8.1.2. Author Contribution 8.2. Characterizing Post-construction Settlement of Masjed-Soleyman Dam Using TerraSAR-X SpotLight InSAR 8.2.1. Abstract 8.2.2. Author Contribution 8.3. InSAR Observation of the 18 August 2014 Mormori (Iran) Earthquake 8.3.1. Author Contribution 9. Summary and Future Work 9.1. Future works , Zusammenfassung in Englisch und Deutsch Seite 3-6

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019 , Contents Declaration Abstract Zusammenfassung List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviation 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation of the study 1.2 Proposal and content 2 On the application of TLS in deformation monitoring 2.1 Fundamentals of TLS 2.1.1 Range measurement system 2.1.2 Beam deflection system 2.2 Error sources for TLS measurements 2.2.1 Influence factors for the errors 2.2.2 State of the art in TLS calibration 2.3 Deformation monitoring with TLS measurements 2.3.1 Design of measurement scheme 2.3.2 Data collection 2.3.3 Data pre-processing 2.3.4 General methodology in TLS-based deformation monitoring 3 The influence of a simplified stochastic model on a congruence based deformation analysis 3.1 Modelling the deformation 3.1.1 Conventional deformation model (Descriptive model) 3.1.2 Advanced deformation model (Causal model) 3.2 Hypothesis test for congruency 3.3 Influence of simplified VCMs on the congruency test 4 On the stochasticity of TLS measurement 4.1 State of the art for the stochastic models of TLS measurements 4.2 Challenge of specifying variance-covariance values 4.3 Statistical evaluation of stochastic model 5 Approximating the 3D point clouds with B-spline models for deformation monitoring 5.1 State of the art on the approximation of 3D point clouds 5.2 B-spline approximation in a linear Gauss-Markov model 5.3 Model selection methodology based on hypothesis testing 5.4 Comparison between B-splines and polynomial approximation 6 Conclusion and Outlook Contributions of Authors Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper 3 Paper 4 Bibliography Curriculum Vitae Acknowledgement , Zusammenfassung in Englisch und Deutsch

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019 , Inhaltverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einführung 1.1 Anlass und Ziel der Arbeit 1.2 Überblick über den Stand der Forschung 1.3 Methodische Überlegung der Arbeit und Arbeitsschritte 2 Folgen der demografischen Entwicklung für die Grundschulen 2.1 Demografische Entwicklung in Deutschland 2.2 Auswirkung der demografischen Entwicklung auf den Bestand der Grundschulen in Niedersachsen 2.3 Folgerungen für die Arbeit 3 Auslastung der Grundschulen 3.1 Gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen für die Auslastung der Schule 3.2 Literaturmeinung zur Definition der unterausgelasteten Schule 3.3 Definition der unterausgelasteten Schulen in dieser Arbeit 4 Einzugsbereiche der Grundschulen 4.1 Gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen des Einzugsbereiches einer Grundschule 4.2 Literaturmeinung zur Ermittlung eines Einzugsbereiches einer Grundschule 4.3 Ermittlung des Einzugsbereiches einer Schule in der Arbeit 4.3.1 Zuordnung der Schüler eines Ortsteils 4.3.2 Varianten des Einzugsbereiches 4.3.3 Mehrere Schulen in einem Ortsteil 4.4 Gruppierung der Grundschulen 4.4.1 Kriterien der Gruppierung der Grundschulen 4.4.2 Überlappungen der Gruppen 5 Bewertung der Zuordnungen der Schüler zu der Schulen 5 .1 Bewertungsmethoden der Schulen 5.2 Bisherige Literaturmeinung zur Bewertung der Schulen 5.3 Nutzwertanalysen zu Zuordnungen der Schüler zu den Schulen einer Gruppe 5.3 .1 Demografische Kriterien 5.3.2 Ökonomische Kriterien 5.3.3 Ökologische Kriterien 5.3.4 Qualitative Kriterien eines Schulstandortes 6 Fallstudie Landkreis Holzminden 6.1 Landkreis Holzminden 6.2 Auslastungsquote der Grundschulen im Landkreis Holzminden 6.3 Einzugsbereiche der Schulen im Landkreis Holzminden 6.3.1 Grundschule Lauenförde 6.3.2 Grundschule Ottenstein 6.4 Optimale Gruppierungen von Grundschulen im Landkreis Holzminden 6.5 Nutzwerte der Aufteilungen der Schüler der Gruppen im Landkreis Holzminden 6.5.1 Demografische Nutzwertanalyse 6.5.2 Ökonomische Nutzwertanalyse 6.5.3 Ökologische Nutzwertanalyse 6.5.4 Qualitative Nutzwertanalyse 6.5.5 Diskussion des Gesamtergebnisses 6.6 Validierung der Ergebnisse durch Gegenüberstellung von amtlichen und neuen Einzugsbereichen 7 Fazit und Ausblick 8 Literaturverzeichnis Anhang 1 Anhang 1.1 Grundschule am Sollingtor Anhang 1.2 Grundschule Polle Anhang 1.3 Grundschulen Holzminden Stadt Anhang 1.4 Grundschule Hehlen Anhang 1.5 Grundschule Bevem Anhang 1.6 Grundschule Bodenwerder Anhang 1.7 Grundschule Neuhaus im Solling Anhang 1.8 Grundschule im Forstbachtal Anhang 1.9 Grundschule Kirchbrak Anhang 1.10 Grundschule am Nordsolling Deensen Anhang 1.11 Grundschule Hagentorschule Stadtoldendorf Anhang 1.12 Grundschule Eschershausen Anhang 1.13 Grundschule Delligsen Anhang 1.14 Grundschule Halle Anhang 1.15 Grundschule Grünenplan Anhang 2 Anhang 3 Sortierung der Ortsteile der Überlappungsgebiete Anhang 4 Anhang 4.1 Gruppe Hehlen - Kirchbrak - Halle - Bodenwerder Anhang 4.1.1 Demografische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.1.2 Ökonomische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.1.3 Ökologische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.1.4 Qualitative Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.2 Gruppe Holzminden Stadt und Bevem Anhang 4.2.1 Demografische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.2.2 Ökonomische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.2.3 Ökologische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.2.4 Qualitative Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.3. Gruppe Lauenförde, Boffzen und Neuhaus im Solling Anhang 4.3.1 Demografische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.3.2 Ökonomische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.3.3 Ökologische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.3.4 Qualitative Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.4 Gruppe Polle und Ottenstein Anhang 4.4.1 Demografische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.4.2 Ökonomische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.4.3 Ökologische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.4.4 Qualitative Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.5 Gruppe Delligsen und Grünenplan Anhang 4.5.1 Demografische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.5.2 Ökonomische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.5.3 Ökologische Nutzwertanalyse Anhang 4.5 .4 Qualitative Nutzwertanalyse

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019 , 1 Einleitung 2 Grundlagen 2.1 Entwicklung der Gravimeter 2.1.1 Funktionsprinzip Freifall-Absolutgravimeter 2.1.2 Stand der Technik Absolutgravimeter 2.1.3 Funktionsprinzip der Relativgravimeter 2.1.4 Relativgravimetrische Methoden 2.1.5 Anwendungen gravimetrischer Messungen 2.1.6 Abgrenzung klassischer gegenüber neuartiger Sensoren 2.1.7 Entwicklungen der Atominterferometer und Quantengravimeter 2.2 Zeitlich variable Schwereeffekte 2.2.1 Gezeiten 2.2.2 Atmosphäre 2.2.3 Polbewegung 2.2.4 Lokale Hydrologie 2.3 Methoden der Modellierung geometrischer Objekte 3 Kombination klassischer Instrumente und Quantensensoren 3.1 Die klassische Referenz: Untersuchung des FG5X-220 3.1.1 Umrüstung des FG5-220 auf das FG5X-220 3.1.2 Rückführung des FG5X-220 auf SI-Einheiten 3.1.3 Zur Genauigkeit des FG5X-220 3.2 State-of-the-Art Relativgravimeter 3.3 Charakterisierung von Quantengravimetern 3.3.1 Vergleichskampagnen in Berlin 3.3.2 Vergleichskampagne in Onsala 3.4 Anforderungen an Reduktionen neuartiger Sensoren 3.4.1 Verbesserte Atmosphärenmodellierung 3.4.2 Vergleich der ERA5 Lösung mit Atmacs 4 Modellierung beliebiger Körper 4.1 Erste Tests anhand Laborumgebungen 4.1.1 Gravimetermesskampagne 4.1.2 Modell der 200 kN Kraft-Normalmesseinrichtung 4.1.3 Vergleich Messung und Modell 4.1.4 Berechnung der Schwere innerhalb der Belastungskörper 4.2 Modellierung des VLBAI 4.2.1 Das Modell des HITec Gebäudes 4.2.2 Gravimetrische Messkampagne 4.2.3 Effekt der Ausstattung am Beispiel der optischen Tische 4.2.4 Beitrag der lokalen Hydrologie 4.2.5 Zusammenfassung der Modellierung im Umfeld des VLBAI 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick A Quantengravimeter: Ergänzungen A.1 Atominterferometer Sequenz A.2 Das Gravimetric Atom Interferometer B Absolutgravimetrie mit dem FG5X-220: Ergänzungen B.1 Geräteuntersuchungen B.1.1 Einfluss der Super Spring B.1.2 Bestimmung des Coriolis-Effekt B.2 Absolutgravimetervergleiche B.3 FG5X-220 Zeitreihen C Ergänzende Untersuchungen der Relativgravimeter C.1 Defekt am ZLS B-64 C.2 Kalibrierfaktoren der IfE Relativgravimeter C.3 ZLS B-114 D Arbeiten an der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt D.1 Die 200 kN K-NME der PTB D.2 Koordinatensystem an der Kraft-Normalmesseinrichtung (K-NME) D.3 Absolutgravimetermessungen E Hannover Institut für Technologie E.1 Gravimetrische Messungen , Zusammenfassung in Deutsch und Englisch

Note: Contents Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean and Black Seas: Introduction / Ivica Vilibić, Kristian Horvath und Jose Luis Palau An Extreme Hailstorm on 27 July 2017 in Istanbul, Turkey: Synoptic Scale Circulation and Thermodynamic Evaluation /Hakki Baltaci, Bulent Oktay Akkoyunlu und Mete Tayanc Hydraulic and Wave Aspects of Novorossiysk Bora / Anna A. Shestakova, Konstantin B. Moiseenko und Pavel A. Toropov Waterspout Forecasting Method Over the Eastern Adriatic Using a High-Resolution Numerical Weather Model / Tanja Renko, Sarah Ivušić, Maja Telišman Prtenjak, Vinko Šoljan und Igor Horvat Study of the Western Black Sea Storms with a Focus on the Storms Caused by Cyclones of North African Origin / Vasko Galabov und Hristo Chervenkov Operational Wave Modelling in the Adriatic Sea with the Wind Wave Model / Mathieu Dutour Sikirić, Damir Ivanković, Aron Roland, Stjepan Ivatek-Šahdan und Martina Tudor Atmospheric Forcing Conducive for the Adriatic 25 June 2014 Meteotsunami Event / Kristian Horvath, Jadranka Šepić und Maja TelišMan Prtenjak Impact of Geomorphological Changes to Harbor Resonance During Meteotsunamis: The Vela Luka Bay Test Case / Cléa Denamiel, Jadranka Šepić und Ivica Vilibić Analysis of long-term changes in extreme climatic indices: a case study of the Mediterranean climate, Marmara Region, Turkey / Mohsen Abbasnia und Hüseyin Toros Observed Changes in Daily Precipitation Extremes at Annual Timescale Over the Eastern Mediterranean During 1961–2012 / S. Mathbout, J.A. Lopez-Bustins, D. Royé, J. Martin-Vide, J. Bech und F.S. Rodrigo Modelling Dry Spells by Extreme Value Distribution with Bayesian Inference / Ksenija Cindrić und Zoran Pasarić Analyzing the Mediterranean Water Cycle Via Satellite Data Integration / Victor Pellet, Filipe Aires, Annarita Mariotti und Diego Fernández-Prieto Impact of the Surface–Atmosphere Variables on the Relation Between Air and Land Surface Temperatures / Gemma Simó, Daniel Martínez-Villagrasa, Maria A. Jiménez, Vicente Caselles und Joan Cuxart Assessing Shifts of Mediterranean and Arid Climates Under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 Climate Projections in Europe / José I. Barredo, Achille Mauri, Giovanni Caudullo und Alessandro Dosio Mediterranean Sea-Level Variability in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: A Bayesian Approach to Closing the Budget / Mirko Orlić, Miroslava Pasarić und Zoran Pasarić Mediterranean Surface Geostrophic Circulation from Satellite Gravity and Altimetry Observations / M.I. Vigo, M.D. Sempere, B.F. Chao und M. Trottini Variability of Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling in the North-Eastern Black Sea in 1979–2016 According to NCEP/CFSR Data / Ksenia Silvestrova, Stanislav Myslenkov und Andrey Zatsepin Sea Surface Temperature in the Mediterranean: Trends and Spatial Patterns (1982–2016) / Francisco Pastor, Jose Antonio Valiente und José Luis Palau Long-Term Trends, Variability and Extremes of In Situ Sea Surface Temperature Measured Along the Eastern Adriatic Coast and its Relationship to Hemispheric Processes / Branka Grbec, Frano Matić, Gordana Beg Paklar, Mira Morović, Ružica Popović und Ivica Vilibić Water Masses in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: An Analysis of Measured Isotopic Oxygen / Paola de Ruggiero, Davide Zanchettin, Manuel Bensi, Dagmar Hainbucher, Barbara Stenni, Stefano Pierini und Angelo Rubino Modelling Interannual Changes in Dense Water Formation on the Northern Adriatic Shelf / Hrvoje Mihanović, Ivica Janeković, Ivica Vilibić, Vedrana Kovačević und Manuel Bensi Mediterranean Thermohaline Response to Large-Scale Winter Atmospheric Forcing in a High-Resolution Ocean Model Simulation / Eleonora Cusinato, Davide Zanchettin, Gianmaria Sannino und Angelo Rubino Role of the Oceanic Vertical Thermal Structure in the Modulation of Heavy Precipitations Over the Ligurian Sea / A.N. Meroni, L. Renault, A. Parodi und C. Pasquero

Note: Contents Part I Keynote Fifty Years of Paleoceanography: Major Achievements in Our Understanding of Past and Future Climate Change - Some Memories and Hearsay / Michael Sarnthein Part II Paleoceanographic Evolution Orbital-Scale Paleoceanographic Response to the Indian Monsoon in the Laxmi Basin of the Eastern Arabian Sea / Boo-Keun Khim, Ji-Eun Kim, Keiji Horikawa, Minoru Ikehara, Yoshihiro Asahara, and Jongmin Lee The 4.2 ka Event in the Euro-Mediterranean Region - A Study from the MISTRALS/PALEOMEX Program / Bassem Jalali and Marie-Alexandrine Sicre Record of Early Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events in Adriatic Platform, Croatia / Antun Husinec and J. Fred Read Sedimentological and Geochemical Records of Lower Cretaceous Carbonate Successions Around Trabzon (NE Turkey): Implications for Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Paleoclimatological Conditions of Tethys / Merve Özyurt, M. Ziya Kirmaci, İ. Ömer Yılmaz, and Raif Kandemir Part III Paleoclimate Evolution Paleoclimate Evolution of the Kordofan Region (Sudan), During the Last 13 ka / Ahmed Dawelbeit, Etienne Jaillard, and Ali Eisawi Use of Paleoclimate Rainfall Data to Detect Mega Drought Signals / Joo-Heon Lee, Chanyang Sur, and Seo-Yeon Park Paleoclimatology Evidence of Eocene from Jaddala Formation in Northwestern Iraq / Alaa Al-Zubaidi and Omar Al-Badrani Holocene Paleoclimatic Variation Inferred from Study of Sediments in the Gulf of Tunis (North Africa) / Nizar Ouertani and Soumaya Yahyaoui Noble Gas Recharge Temperature of Sfax Deep Groundwater (Southeastern of Tunisia) / Rim Trabelsi, Mahdi Trabelsi, Kamel Zouari, and Takuya Matsumoto Time Analysis of Emberger’s Pluviothermic Q Index in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula / Leoncio García-Barrón, Julia Morales, and Arturo Sousa Systematic and Palaeoclimatic Investigations of Sivalhippus from the Late Miocene Siwaliks (Pakistan) / Muhammad tahir Waseem, Abdul majid Khan, Rana Mansoor Ahmad, Ayesha Iqbal, and Muhammad Ameen The Thar Desert Calcretes: A Proxy for Understanding Late Quaternary Paleoclimate Shifts / Hema Achyuthan Part IV Paleoenvironmental Evolution Using Environmental Isotopes and Krypton-81 to Characterize and Date Continental Intercalaire Paleogroundwater (Southern Tunisia) / Kamel Zouari, Takuya Matsumoto, Rim Trabelsi, and Pradeep Aggarwal Water Column Chemistry of Late Holocene Lake Bafa, Eastern Coast of the Aegean Sea (Turkey) / Özlem Bulkan, Ummuhan Sancar, Wei Wei, Xiaomin Zhu, and M. Namık Çağatay New Reports of Messinian Lago-Mare Episodes from Tunisia: Ostracods and Paleoenvironmental Implications / Rim Temani, Hayet Khayati Ammar, and Francesco Sciuto Geochemical Evidences of Paleoenvironmental Changes in Late Quaternary Lacustrine Sediments of the Konya Closed Basin (Konya, Turkey) / Hükmü Orhan, Arif Delikan, Ahmet Demir, Sevinç Kapan, Kemal Olgun, Ayhan Özmen, Ülkü Sayin, Gamze Ekici, Hülya Aydin, and Atike Nazik Reconstruction of Holocene Paleoenvironmental Changes Along Northern Coast of Sfax: Analysis of Foraminiferal Associations / Afef Khadraoui, Jérôme Bonnin, Chahira Zaïbi, and Fekri Kamoun Evolution of Korba Lagoon (Cap Bon, Tunisia) During the Last Millennia Based on the Analysis of Foraminiferal Assemblages / Asma Ben Hamad, Chahira Zaïbi, Martin R. Langer, and Fekri Kamoun Paleoenvironment Evolution of a Paralic System, El Guettiate and Dreïaa Sebkhas (Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia) / Zeineb Gargouri and Kamel Zouari Part V Spatio-temporal Patterns of Climate Change Testing for Collective Statistical Significance in Climate Change Detection Studies / Radan Huth and Martin Dubrovský Long-Term Variability of Gauged Precipitation Over California and Its Links to Circulation Patterns / Luciano Rodriguez, Cyril Rakovski, Mohamed Allali, and Hesham El-Askary Sensitivity of IDF Curves to Rainfall Gauge Type / A. S. Al-Wagdany Structural Characteristics of Precipitation in Jordan / Fayez A. Abdulla and Abdulelah Al-Qadami The Shift of the Atmospheric Circulation Patterns and Its Impacts on Western Mediterranean / Mohammed-Said Karrouk Recent Rainfall Variability in the South-West Mediterranean Region and Links with Teleconnection Patterns / Sabrina Taibi, Imane Messelmi, Mohamed Meddi, and Mohamed Amine Feddal Regionalization of Precipitation in Jordan / Abdulelah Al-Qadami and Fayez A. Abdulla Correlation Between NAO and Radio Refractive Index Over Africa / Joseph Dada, Adekunle Titus Adediji, Kayode Adedayo, and Moses Ajewole Convective Cloud Climatology Over Indian Tropics and Nearby Regions Using Multi-spectral Satellite Observations / Anoop Kumar Mishra, Mohammd Rafiq, Sagarika Chandra, and Nagaiyavedu Adalarasu Sivarajan Analysis of Trend and Variability in Time Series of Extreme Daily Temperature of Abu Dhabi City (UAE) / Nishi Bhuvandas Black Carbon Aerosol Characteristics and Its Radiative Effect in Xuzhou City, China / Mengdie Xie and Wei Chen Part VI Sea Level Variability: Past, Present and Future On the Long-Term Mediterranean Sea Level Variability / Mahdi Haddad and Antonio Bonaduce Impacts of Relative Sea Level Change and Sedimentary Dynamic on an Historic Site Expansion Along the Coast Between Sfax and Jebeniena, Tunisia / Mohamed Kamoun, Afef Khadraoui, Asma Ben Hamad, Chahira Zaïbi, Martin R. Langer, Nejib Bahrouni, Mohamed Ben Youssef, and Fekri Kamoun Sedimentary Dynamic and Sea Level Variation Along Hachichina Coast (Sebkha Ras Younga, Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia) During Holocene: Response of Ostracods and Foraminifera Assemblages / Khaoula Ben Khlifa, Chahira Zaïbi, Jérome Bonnin, and Fekri Kamoun New Experimental Low Cost Technique of Sea-Level Monitoring: Toward a Sea-Level Monitoring for All / Yacine Hemdane, Mohamed Bouhmadouche, Bachir Hamadache, and Mohamed Aounallah Part VII Climate Change Impacts and Migration Schemes Economic Impact of Sand and Dust Storms on the Oil Sector in Kuwait / Ali Al-Hemoud and Safaa Al-Awadhi Spatial and Temporal Variations of Bare Land in Beijing, China: A 30-Year Analysis / Yating Chen and Aobo Liu Appraising Climate Change and Its Influence on Glaciers of South Asian Himalayan Region / Sheikh Saeed Ahmad, Javeria Saleem, and Marria Ghalib World Population: Its Connection with Climate Variations / Alexey V. Byalko Groundwater Resources Sustainability in Africa Under a Climate Change Scenario: Knowledge Gaps and Needs / Ahzegbobor P. Aizebeokhai, Kehinde D. Oyeyemi, and Adebola E. Adeniran Adaptation Strategies and Resilience to Climate Change for Warm, Dry-Summer Continental Climate in Iran / Gholamreza Roshan, José A. Orosa, Ángel M. Costa, and Rebeca Bouzón Building Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in a Small Region with a Warm and Semi-humid Climate Type (Iran) / Gholamreza Roshan, José A. Orosa, Ángel M. Costa, and Rebeca Bouzón Climate-Driven Migration Assessment of Southwestern Coast of Bangladesh / Iftekharul Anam Saikat, Nabila Nawshin, and M. Tauhid Ur Rahman

Note: Contents Preface / H.-G. Herbig, M. Aretz, M.R.W. Amler & S. Hartenfels Field trip Al: The Uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous in the type area of Southern Belgium / J. Denayer, C. Prestianni, B. Mottequin & E. POTY Field Trip A2: The Pennsylvanian of the Ruhr Basin and Osnabruck region, western Germany - facies, stratigraphy, and tectonics of a paralic foreland basin of the Variscides / V. Wrede, G. Drozdzewski, D. Juch, A. Leipner & M. Sowiak Field Trip A3: The classical Central European Permian: Continental "Rotliegend", marine "Zechstein", and the Permian-Triassic Transition in Germany / J. Schneider, T. Wotte, B. Gaitzsch, R. Werneburg, S. Zeibig & F. Scholze Field Trip Cl: The Mississippian Kulm Basin of the Rhenish Mountains, western Germany - fauna, facies, and stratigraphy of a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic foreland basin / H.-G. Herbig, D. Korn, M.R.W. Amler, S. Hartenfels & H. Jäger Field Trip C2: Pennsylvanian-Permian of the Saar-Nahe Basin, SW Germany / S. Voigt, T. Schindler, H. Thum & J. Fischer Field Trip C3: The Pennsylvanian-Permian of the Southern Alps (Carnic Alps/Karavanke Mts.), Austria/ Italy/Slovenia - fauna, facies and stratigraphy of a mixed carbonate- siliciclastic shallow marine platform along the northwestern Palaeotethys margin / M. Novak, H.C. Forke & H.P. Schönlaub