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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-11-06
    Description: Chromosome 2 of Plasmodium falciparum was sequenced; this sequence contains 947,103 base pairs and encodes 210 predicted genes. In comparison with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, chromosome 2 has a lower gene density, introns are more frequent, and proteins are markedly enriched in nonglobular domains. A family of surface proteins, rifins, that may play a role in antigenic variation was identified. The complete sequencing of chromosome 2 has shown that sequencing of the A+T-rich P. falciparum genome is technically feasible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gardner, M J -- Tettelin, H -- Carucci, D J -- Cummings, L M -- Aravind, L -- Koonin, E V -- Shallom, S -- Mason, T -- Yu, K -- Fujii, C -- Pederson, J -- Shen, K -- Jing, J -- Aston, C -- Lai, Z -- Schwartz, D C -- Pertea, M -- Salzberg, S -- Zhou, L -- Sutton, G G -- Clayton, R -- White, O -- Smith, H O -- Fraser, C M -- Adams, M D -- Venter, J C -- Hoffman, S L -- R01 AI40125-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 6;282(5391):1126-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9804551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics ; Base Composition ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Protozoan ; Genome, Protozoan ; Introns ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; RNA, Protozoan/genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Glu/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2000-03-24
    Description: We report on the quality of a whole-genome assembly of Drosophila melanogaster and the nature of the computer algorithms that accomplished it. Three independent external data sources essentially agree with and support the assembly's sequence and ordering of contigs across the euchromatic portion of the genome. In addition, there are isolated contigs that we believe represent nonrepetitive pockets within the heterochromatin of the centromeres. Comparison with a previously sequenced 2.9- megabase region indicates that sequencing accuracy within nonrepetitive segments is greater than 99. 99% without manual curation. As such, this initial reconstruction of the Drosophila sequence should be of substantial value to the scientific community.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, E W -- Sutton, G G -- Delcher, A L -- Dew, I M -- Fasulo, D P -- Flanigan, M J -- Kravitz, S A -- Mobarry, C M -- Reinert, K H -- Remington, K A -- Anson, E L -- Bolanos, R A -- Chou, H H -- Jordan, C M -- Halpern, A L -- Lonardi, S -- Beasley, E M -- Brandon, R C -- Chen, L -- Dunn, P J -- Lai, Z -- Liang, Y -- Nusskern, D R -- Zhan, M -- Zhang, Q -- Zheng, X -- Rubin, G M -- Adams, M D -- Venter, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2196-204.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Celera Genomics, Inc., 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Gene.Myers@celera.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10731133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Chromatin/genetics ; *Computational Biology ; Contig Mapping ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Euchromatin ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Heterochromatin/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: The high degree of similarity between the mouse and human genomes is demonstrated through analysis of the sequence of mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu 16), which was obtained as part of a whole-genome shotgun assembly of the mouse genome. The mouse genome is about 10% smaller than the human genome, owing to a lower repetitive DNA content. Comparison of the structure and protein-coding potential of Mmu 16 with that of the homologous segments of the human genome identifies regions of conserved synteny with human chromosomes (Hsa) 3, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 22. Gene content and order are highly conserved between Mmu 16 and the syntenic blocks of the human genome. Of the 731 predicted genes on Mmu 16, 509 align with orthologs on the corresponding portions of the human genome, 44 are likely paralogous to these genes, and 164 genes have homologs elsewhere in the human genome; there are 14 genes for which we could find no human counterpart.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mural, Richard J -- Adams, Mark D -- Myers, Eugene W -- Smith, Hamilton O -- Miklos, George L Gabor -- Wides, Ron -- Halpern, Aaron -- Li, Peter W -- Sutton, Granger G -- Nadeau, Joe -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Holt, Robert A -- Kodira, Chinnappa D -- Lu, Fu -- Chen, Lin -- Deng, Zuoming -- Evangelista, Carlos C -- Gan, Weiniu -- Heiman, Thomas J -- Li, Jiayin -- Li, Zhenya -- Merkulov, Gennady V -- Milshina, Natalia V -- Naik, Ashwinikumar K -- Qi, Rong -- Shue, Bixiong Chris -- Wang, Aihui -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Xin -- Yan, Xianghe -- Ye, Jane -- Yooseph, Shibu -- Zhao, Qi -- Zheng, Liansheng -- Zhu, Shiaoping C -- Biddick, Kendra -- Bolanos, Randall -- Delcher, Arthur L -- Dew, Ian M -- Fasulo, Daniel -- Flanigan, Michael J -- Huson, Daniel H -- Kravitz, Saul A -- Miller, Jason R -- Mobarry, Clark M -- Reinert, Knut -- Remington, Karin A -- Zhang, Qing -- Zheng, Xiangqun H -- Nusskern, Deborah R -- Lai, Zhongwu -- Lei, Yiding -- Zhong, Wenyan -- Yao, Alison -- Guan, Ping -- Ji, Rui-Ru -- Gu, Zhiping -- Wang, Zhen-Yuan -- Zhong, Fei -- Xiao, Chunlin -- Chiang, Chia-Chien -- Yandell, Mark -- Wortman, Jennifer R -- Amanatides, Peter G -- Hladun, Suzanne L -- Pratts, Eric C -- Johnson, Jeffery E -- Dodson, Kristina L -- Woodford, Kerry J -- Evans, Cheryl A -- Gropman, Barry -- Rusch, Douglas B -- Venter, Eli -- Wang, Mei -- Smith, Thomas J -- Houck, Jarrett T -- Tompkins, Donald E -- Haynes, Charles -- Jacob, Debbie -- Chin, Soo H -- Allen, David R -- Dahlke, Carl E -- Sanders, Robert -- Li, Kelvin -- Liu, Xiangjun -- Levitsky, Alexander A -- Majoros, William H -- Chen, Quan -- Xia, Ashley C -- Lopez, John R -- Donnelly, Michael T -- Newman, Matthew H -- Glodek, Anna -- Kraft, Cheryl L -- Nodell, Marc -- Ali, Feroze -- An, Hui-Jin -- Baldwin-Pitts, Danita -- Beeson, Karen Y -- Cai, Shuang -- Carnes, Mark -- Carver, Amy -- Caulk, Parris M -- Center, Angela -- Chen, Yen-Hui -- Cheng, Ming-Lai -- Coyne, My D -- Crowder, Michelle -- Danaher, Steven -- Davenport, Lionel B -- Desilets, Raymond -- Dietz, Susanne M -- Doup, Lisa -- Dullaghan, Patrick -- Ferriera, Steven -- Fosler, Carl R -- Gire, Harold C -- Gluecksmann, Andres -- Gocayne, Jeannine D -- Gray, Jonathan -- Hart, Brit -- Haynes, Jason -- Hoover, Jeffery -- Howland, Tim -- Ibegwam, Chinyere -- Jalali, Mena -- Johns, David -- Kline, Leslie -- Ma, Daniel S -- MacCawley, Steven -- Magoon, Anand -- Mann, Felecia -- May, David -- McIntosh, Tina C -- Mehta, Somil -- Moy, Linda -- Moy, Mee C -- Murphy, Brian J -- Murphy, Sean D -- Nelson, Keith A -- Nuri, Zubeda -- Parker, Kimberly A -- Prudhomme, Alexandre C -- Puri, Vinita N -- Qureshi, Hina -- Raley, John C -- Reardon, Matthew S -- Regier, Megan A -- Rogers, Yu-Hui C -- Romblad, Deanna L -- Schutz, Jakob -- Scott, John L -- Scott, Richard -- Sitter, Cynthia D -- Smallwood, Michella -- Sprague, Arlan C -- Stewart, Erin -- Strong, Renee V -- Suh, Ellen -- Sylvester, Karena -- Thomas, Reginald -- Tint, Ni Ni -- Tsonis, Christopher -- Wang, Gary -- Wang, George -- Williams, Monica S -- Williams, Sherita M -- Windsor, Sandra M -- Wolfe, Keriellen -- Wu, Mitchell M -- Zaveri, Jayshree -- Chaturvedi, Kabir -- Gabrielian, Andrei E -- Ke, Zhaoxi -- Sun, Jingtao -- Subramanian, Gangadharan -- Venter, J Craig -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia M -- Barnstead, Mary -- Stephenson, Lisa D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1661-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. richard.mural@celera.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A/genetics ; Mice, Inbred DBA/genetics ; Mice, Inbred Strains/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; *Synteny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: The localization of gammadelta T cells within epithelia suggests that these cells may contribute to the down-regulation of epithelial malignancies. We report that mice lacking gammadelta cells are highly susceptible to multiple regimens of cutaneous carcinogenesis. After exposure to carcinogens, skin cells expressed Rae-1 and H60, major histocompatibility complex-related molecules structurally resembling human MICA. Each of these is a ligand for NKG2d, a receptor expressed by cytolytic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In vitro, skin-associated NKG2d+ gammadelta cells killed skin carcinoma cells by a mechanism that was sensitive to blocking NKG2d engagement. Thus, local T cells may use evolutionarily conserved proteins to negatively regulate malignancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Girardi, M -- Oppenheim, D E -- Steele, C R -- Lewis, J M -- Glusac, E -- Filler, R -- Hobby, P -- Sutton, B -- Tigelaar, R E -- Hayday, A C -- AI 27855/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- KO8/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 19;294(5542):605-9. Epub 2001 Sep 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology and Yale Skin Diseases Research Core Center, King's College, London SE1 9RT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carcinogens ; Cell Line ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dimerization ; Epidermis/*immunology ; Epithelial Cells/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunologic Surveillance ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/*immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/*immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced/*immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-03-17
    Description: The freshwater cnidarian Hydra was first described in 1702 and has been the object of study for 300 years. Experimental studies of Hydra between 1736 and 1744 culminated in the discovery of asexual reproduction of an animal by budding, the first description of regeneration in an animal, and successful transplantation of tissue between animals. Today, Hydra is an important model for studies of axial patterning, stem cell biology and regeneration. Here we report the genome of Hydra magnipapillata and compare it to the genomes of the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis and other animals. The Hydra genome has been shaped by bursts of transposable element expansion, horizontal gene transfer, trans-splicing, and simplification of gene structure and gene content that parallel simplification of the Hydra life cycle. We also report the sequence of the genome of a novel bacterium stably associated with H. magnipapillata. Comparisons of the Hydra genome to the genomes of other animals shed light on the evolution of epithelia, contractile tissues, developmentally regulated transcription factors, the Spemann-Mangold organizer, pluripotency genes and the neuromuscular junction.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479502/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479502/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Jarrod A -- Kirkness, Ewen F -- Simakov, Oleg -- Hampson, Steven E -- Mitros, Therese -- Weinmaier, Thomas -- Rattei, Thomas -- Balasubramanian, Prakash G -- Borman, Jon -- Busam, Dana -- Disbennett, Kathryn -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Sumin, Nadezhda -- Sutton, Granger G -- Viswanathan, Lakshmi Devi -- Walenz, Brian -- Goodstein, David M -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Kawashima, Takeshi -- Prochnik, Simon E -- Putnam, Nicholas H -- Shu, Shengquiang -- Blumberg, Bruce -- Dana, Catherine E -- Gee, Lydia -- Kibler, Dennis F -- Law, Lee -- Lindgens, Dirk -- Martinez, Daniel E -- Peng, Jisong -- Wigge, Philip A -- Bertulat, Bianca -- Guder, Corina -- Nakamura, Yukio -- Ozbek, Suat -- Watanabe, Hiroshi -- Khalturin, Konstantin -- Hemmrich, Georg -- Franke, Andre -- Augustin, Rene -- Fraune, Sebastian -- Hayakawa, Eisuke -- Hayakawa, Shiho -- Hirose, Mamiko -- Hwang, Jung Shan -- Ikeo, Kazuho -- Nishimiya-Fujisawa, Chiemi -- Ogura, Atshushi -- Takahashi, Toshio -- Steinmetz, Patrick R H -- Zhang, Xiaoming -- Aufschnaiter, Roland -- Eder, Marie-Kristin -- Gorny, Anne-Kathrin -- Salvenmoser, Willi -- Heimberg, Alysha M -- Wheeler, Benjamin M -- Peterson, Kevin J -- Bottger, Angelika -- Tischler, Patrick -- Wolf, Alexander -- Gojobori, Takashi -- Remington, Karin A -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Venter, J Craig -- Technau, Ulrich -- Hobmayer, Bert -- Bosch, Thomas C G -- Holstein, Thomas W -- Fujisawa, Toshitaka -- Bode, Hans R -- David, Charles N -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- Steele, Robert E -- P 21108/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- R24 RR015088/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 25;464(7288):592-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08830. Epub 2010 Mar 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20228792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/genetics ; Comamonadaceae/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; Hydra/*genetics/microbiology/ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuromuscular Junction/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description: Heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs and CSPGs, respectively) regulate numerous cell surface signaling events, with typically opposite effects on cell function. CSPGs inhibit nerve regeneration through receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (RPTPsigma). Here we report that RPTPsigma acts bimodally in sensory neuron extension, mediating CSPG inhibition and HSPG growth promotion. Crystallographic analyses of a shared HSPG-CSPG binding site reveal a conformational plasticity that can accommodate diverse glycosaminoglycans with comparable affinities. Heparan sulfate and analogs induced RPTPsigma ectodomain oligomerization in solution, which was inhibited by chondroitin sulfate. RPTPsigma and HSPGs colocalize in puncta on sensory neurons in culture, whereas CSPGs occupy the extracellular matrix. These results lead to a model where proteoglycans can exert opposing effects on neuronal extension by competing to control the oligomerization of a common receptor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154093/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154093/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coles, Charlotte H -- Shen, Yingjie -- Tenney, Alan P -- Siebold, Christian -- Sutton, Geoffrey C -- Lu, Weixian -- Gallagher, John T -- Jones, E Yvonne -- Flanagan, John G -- Aricescu, A Radu -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 10976/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- EY11559/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- G0700232/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900084/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HD29417/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY011559/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY011559-19/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD029417/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD029417-20/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):484-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1200840. Epub 2011 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Chondroitin Sulfates/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Extracellular Matrix ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Glypicans/metabolism ; Growth Cones/metabolism ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Heparitin Sulfate/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurites/physiology ; Neurocan/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: The complete genome sequence of Treponema pallidum was determined and shown to be 1,138,006 base pairs containing 1041 predicted coding sequences (open reading frames). Systems for DNA replication, transcription, translation, and repair are intact, but catabolic and biosynthetic activities are minimized. The number of identifiable transporters is small, and no phosphoenolpyruvate:phosphotransferase carbohydrate transporters were found. Potential virulence factors include a family of 12 potential membrane proteins and several putative hemolysins. Comparison of the T. pallidum genome sequence with that of another pathogenic spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, identified unique and common genes and substantiates the considerable diversity observed among pathogenic spirochetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, C M -- Norris, S J -- Weinstock, G M -- White, O -- Sutton, G G -- Dodson, R -- Gwinn, M -- Hickey, E K -- Clayton, R -- Ketchum, K A -- Sodergren, E -- Hardham, J M -- McLeod, M P -- Salzberg, S -- Peterson, J -- Khalak, H -- Richardson, D -- Howell, J K -- Chidambaram, M -- Utterback, T -- McDonald, L -- Artiach, P -- Bowman, C -- Cotton, M D -- Fujii, C -- Garland, S -- Hatch, B -- Horst, K -- Roberts, K -- Sandusky, M -- Weidman, J -- Smith, H O -- Venter, J C -- AI31068/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):375-88.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. tpdb@tigr.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Replication/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/genetics ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, Regulator ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Heat-Shock Response/genetics ; Lipoproteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Open Reading Frames ; Oxygen Consumption/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Recombination, Genetic ; Replication Origin ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic ; Treponema pallidum/*genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of malaria, a disease that afflicts more than 500 million people and causes more than 1 million deaths each year. Tenfold shotgun sequence coverage was obtained from the PEST strain of A. gambiae and assembled into scaffolds that span 278 million base pairs. A total of 91% of the genome was organized in 303 scaffolds; the largest scaffold was 23.1 million base pairs. There was substantial genetic variation within this strain, and the apparent existence of two haplotypes of approximately equal frequency ("dual haplotypes") in a substantial fraction of the genome likely reflects the outbred nature of the PEST strain. The sequence produced a conservative inference of more than 400,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that showed a markedly bimodal density distribution. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed strong evidence for about 14,000 protein-encoding transcripts. Prominent expansions in specific families of proteins likely involved in cell adhesion and immunity were noted. An expressed sequence tag analysis of genes regulated by blood feeding provided insights into the physiological adaptations of a hematophagous insect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holt, Robert A -- Subramanian, G Mani -- Halpern, Aaron -- Sutton, Granger G -- Charlab, Rosane -- Nusskern, Deborah R -- Wincker, Patrick -- Clark, Andrew G -- Ribeiro, Jose M C -- Wides, Ron -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Loftus, Brendan -- Yandell, Mark -- Majoros, William H -- Rusch, Douglas B -- Lai, Zhongwu -- Kraft, Cheryl L -- Abril, Josep F -- Anthouard, Veronique -- Arensburger, Peter -- Atkinson, Peter W -- Baden, Holly -- de Berardinis, Veronique -- Baldwin, Danita -- Benes, Vladimir -- Biedler, Jim -- Blass, Claudia -- Bolanos, Randall -- Boscus, Didier -- Barnstead, Mary -- Cai, Shuang -- Center, Angela -- Chaturverdi, Kabir -- Christophides, George K -- Chrystal, Mathew A -- Clamp, Michele -- Cravchik, Anibal -- Curwen, Val -- Dana, Ali -- Delcher, Art -- Dew, Ian -- Evans, Cheryl A -- Flanigan, Michael -- Grundschober-Freimoser, Anne -- Friedli, Lisa -- Gu, Zhiping -- Guan, Ping -- Guigo, Roderic -- Hillenmeyer, Maureen E -- Hladun, Susanne L -- Hogan, James R -- Hong, Young S -- Hoover, Jeffrey -- Jaillon, Olivier -- Ke, Zhaoxi -- Kodira, Chinnappa -- Kokoza, Elena -- Koutsos, Anastasios -- Letunic, Ivica -- Levitsky, Alex -- Liang, Yong -- Lin, Jhy-Jhu -- Lobo, Neil F -- Lopez, John R -- Malek, Joel A -- McIntosh, Tina C -- Meister, Stephan -- Miller, Jason -- Mobarry, Clark -- Mongin, Emmanuel -- Murphy, Sean D -- O'Brochta, David A -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Qi, Rong -- Regier, Megan A -- Remington, Karin -- Shao, Hongguang -- Sharakhova, Maria V -- Sitter, Cynthia D -- Shetty, Jyoti -- Smith, Thomas J -- Strong, Renee -- Sun, Jingtao -- Thomasova, Dana -- Ton, Lucas Q -- Topalis, Pantelis -- Tu, Zhijian -- Unger, Maria F -- Walenz, Brian -- Wang, Aihui -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Mei -- Wang, Xuelan -- Woodford, Kerry J -- Wortman, Jennifer R -- Wu, Martin -- Yao, Alison -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Zhang, Hongyu -- Zhao, Qi -- Zhao, Shaying -- Zhu, Shiaoping C -- Zhimulev, Igor -- Coluzzi, Mario -- della Torre, Alessandra -- Roth, Charles W -- Louis, Christos -- Kalush, Francis -- Mural, Richard J -- Myers, Eugene W -- Adams, Mark D -- Smith, Hamilton O -- Broder, Samuel -- Gardner, Malcolm J -- Fraser, Claire M -- Birney, Ewan -- Bork, Peer -- Brey, Paul T -- Venter, J Craig -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Kafatos, Fotis C -- Collins, Frank H -- Hoffman, Stephen L -- R01AI44273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI48846/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI50687/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):129-49.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. robert.holt@celera.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/classification/*genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Blood ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Digestion ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Enzymes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Feeding Behavior ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Insect Vectors/genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mosquito Control ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteome ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Two African apes are the closest living relatives of humans: the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and the bonobo (Pan paniscus). Although they are similar in many respects, bonobos and chimpanzees differ strikingly in key social and sexual behaviours, and for some of these traits they show more similarity with humans than with each other. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the bonobo genome to study its evolutionary relationship with the chimpanzee and human genomes. We find that more than three per cent of the human genome is more closely related to either the bonobo or the chimpanzee genome than these are to each other. These regions allow various aspects of the ancestry of the two ape species to be reconstructed. In addition, many of the regions that overlap genes may eventually help us understand the genetic basis of phenotypes that humans share with one of the two apes to the exclusion of the other.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498939/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498939/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prufer, Kay -- Munch, Kasper -- Hellmann, Ines -- Akagi, Keiko -- Miller, Jason R -- Walenz, Brian -- Koren, Sergey -- Sutton, Granger -- Kodira, Chinnappa -- Winer, Roger -- Knight, James R -- Mullikin, James C -- Meader, Stephen J -- Ponting, Chris P -- Lunter, Gerton -- Higashino, Saneyuki -- Hobolth, Asger -- Dutheil, Julien -- Karakoc, Emre -- Alkan, Can -- Sajjadian, Saba -- Catacchio, Claudia Rita -- Ventura, Mario -- Marques-Bonet, Tomas -- Eichler, Evan E -- Andre, Claudine -- Atencia, Rebeca -- Mugisha, Lawrence -- Junhold, Jorg -- Patterson, Nick -- Siebauer, Michael -- Good, Jeffrey M -- Fischer, Anne -- Ptak, Susan E -- Lachmann, Michael -- Symer, David E -- Mailund, Thomas -- Schierup, Mikkel H -- Andres, Aida M -- Kelso, Janet -- Paabo, Svante -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 2R01GM077117-04A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM077117/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 28;486(7404):527-31. doi: 10.1038/nature11128.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. pruefer@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication/genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan paniscus/*genetics ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-07-22
    Description: Environmental constraints severely restrict crop yields in most production environments, and expanding the use of variation will underpin future progress in breeding. In semi-arid environments boron toxicity constrains productivity, and genetic improvement is the only effective strategy for addressing the problem. Wheat breeders have sought and used available genetic diversity from landraces to maintain yield in these environments; however, the identity of the genes at the major tolerance loci was unknown. Here we describe the identification of near-identical, root-specific boron transporter genes underlying the two major-effect quantitative trait loci for boron tolerance in wheat, Bo1 and Bo4 (ref. 2). We show that tolerance to a high concentration of boron is associated with multiple genomic changes including tetraploid introgression, dispersed gene duplication, and variation in gene structure and transcript level. An allelic series was identified from a panel of bread and durum wheat cultivars and landraces originating from diverse agronomic zones. Our results demonstrate that, during selection, breeders have matched functionally different boron tolerance alleles to specific environments. The characterization of boron tolerance in wheat illustrates the power of the new wheat genomic resources to define key adaptive processes that have underpinned crop improvement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pallotta, Margaret -- Schnurbusch, Thorsten -- Hayes, Julie -- Hay, Alison -- Baumann, Ute -- Paull, Jeff -- Langridge, Peter -- Sutton, Tim -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 2;514(7520):88-91. doi: 10.1038/nature13538. Epub 2014 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia [2]. ; 1] Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia [2] Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank Department, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany [3]. ; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia. ; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*drug effects/genetics ; Alleles ; Boron/*pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Drug Tolerance ; Gene Duplication/genetics ; Genes, Plant/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Roots/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Polyploidy ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; RNA, Plant/analysis/genetics ; Soil/*chemistry ; Triticum/classification/*drug effects/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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