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  • Cell Line  (35)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (35)
  • 2010-2014  (35)
  • 2010  (35)
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  • 2010-2014  (35)
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  • 1
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    A population-specific HTR2B stop codon predisposes to severe impulsivity (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-24
    Description: Impulsivity, describing action without foresight, is an important feature of several psychiatric diseases, suicidality and violent behaviour. The complex origins of impulsivity hinder identification of the genes influencing it and the diseases with which it is associated. Here we perform exon-focused sequencing of impulsive individuals in a founder population, targeting fourteen genes belonging to the serotonin and dopamine domain. A stop codon in HTR2B was identified that is common (minor allele frequency 〉 1%) but exclusive to Finnish people. Expression of the gene in the human brain was assessed, as well as the molecular functionality of the stop codon, which was associated with psychiatric diseases marked by impulsivity in both population and family-based analyses. Knockout of Htr2b increased impulsive behaviours in mice, indicative of predictive validity. Our study shows the potential for identifying and tracing effects of rare alleles in complex behavioural phenotypes using founder populations, and indicates a role for HTR2B in impulsivity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183507/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183507/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bevilacqua, Laura -- Doly, Stephane -- Kaprio, Jaakko -- Yuan, Qiaoping -- Tikkanen, Roope -- Paunio, Tiina -- Zhou, Zhifeng -- Wedenoja, Juho -- Maroteaux, Luc -- Diaz, Silvina -- Belmer, Arnaud -- Hodgkinson, Colin A -- Dell'osso, Liliana -- Suvisaari, Jaana -- Coccaro, Emil -- Rose, Richard J -- Peltonen, Leena -- Virkkunen, Matti -- Goldman, David -- AA-09203/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA-12502/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AA000301-09/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AA000301-10/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z99 AA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):1061-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09629.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21179162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Line ; Female ; Finland ; Founder Effect ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genotype ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior/*genetics ; Male ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, 129 Strain ; Mice, Knockout ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/*genetics/*metabolism ; Testosterone/blood/cerebrospinal fluid
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Comprehensive methylome map of lineage commitment from haematopoietic progenitors (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-20
    Description: Epigenetic modifications must underlie lineage-specific differentiation as terminally differentiated cells express tissue-specific genes, but their DNA sequence is unchanged. Haematopoiesis provides a well-defined model to study epigenetic modifications during cell-fate decisions, as multipotent progenitors (MPPs) differentiate into progressively restricted myeloid or lymphoid progenitors. Although DNA methylation is critical for myeloid versus lymphoid differentiation, as demonstrated by the myeloerythroid bias in Dnmt1 hypomorphs, a comprehensive DNA methylation map of haematopoietic progenitors, or of any multipotent/oligopotent lineage, does not exist. Here we examined 4.6 million CpG sites throughout the genome for MPPs, common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs), and thymocyte progenitors (DN1, DN2, DN3). Marked epigenetic plasticity accompanied both lymphoid and myeloid restriction. Myeloid commitment involved less global DNA methylation than lymphoid commitment, supported functionally by myeloid skewing of progenitors following treatment with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Differential DNA methylation correlated with gene expression more strongly at CpG island shores than CpG islands. Many examples of genes and pathways not previously known to be involved in choice between lymphoid/myeloid differentiation have been identified, such as Arl4c and Jdp2. Several transcription factors, including Meis1, were methylated and silenced during differentiation, indicating a role in maintaining an undifferentiated state. Additionally, epigenetic modification of modifiers of the epigenome seems to be important in haematopoietic differentiation. Our results directly demonstrate that modulation of DNA methylation occurs during lineage-specific differentiation and defines a comprehensive map of the methylation and transcriptional changes that accompany myeloid versus lymphoid fate decisions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956609/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956609/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ji, Hong -- Ehrlich, Lauren I R -- Seita, Jun -- Murakami, Peter -- Doi, Akiko -- Lindau, Paul -- Lee, Hwajin -- Aryee, Martin J -- Irizarry, Rafael A -- Kim, Kitai -- Rossi, Derrick J -- Inlay, Matthew A -- Serwold, Thomas -- Karsunky, Holger -- Ho, Lena -- Daley, George Q -- Weissman, Irving L -- Feinberg, Andrew P -- CA09151/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI058521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI058521-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32AI058521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG003233/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG003233-07/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG003233-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50HG003233/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R00 AG029760/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00 AG029760-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00AGO29760/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI047457/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047457-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047457-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047458/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA086065/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083084/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083084-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI047457/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI047458/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA054358/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA054358-18/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA054358-19/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37CA053458/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):338-42. doi: 10.1038/nature09367. Epub 2010 Aug 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 570 Rangos, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20720541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Lineage/genetics ; CpG Islands/genetics ; *DNA Methylation/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genome/genetics ; *Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Lymphocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Myeloid Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    TAp63 suppresses metastasis through coordinate regulation of Dicer and miRNAs (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-22
    Description: Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the enzymes that control their processing have been reported in multiple biological processes including primary and metastatic tumours, but the mechanisms governing this are not clearly understood. Here we show that TAp63, a p53 family member, suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis, and coordinately regulates Dicer and miR-130b to suppress metastasis. Metastatic mouse and human tumours deficient in TAp63 express Dicer at very low levels, and we found that modulation of expression of Dicer and miR-130b markedly affected the metastatic potential of cells lacking TAp63. TAp63 binds to and transactivates the Dicer promoter, demonstrating direct transcriptional regulation of Dicer by TAp63. These data provide a novel understanding of the roles of TAp63 in tumour and metastasis suppression through the coordinate transcriptional regulation of Dicer and miR-130b and may have implications for the many processes regulated by miRNAs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055799/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055799/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Xiaohua -- Chakravarti, Deepavali -- Cho, Min Soon -- Liu, Lingzhi -- Gi, Young Jin -- Lin, Yu-Li -- Leung, Marco L -- El-Naggar, Adel -- Creighton, Chad J -- Suraokar, Milind B -- Wistuba, Ignacio -- Flores, Elsa R -- 01DE019765/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- CA16672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016672-27/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA070907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA070907-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA091846/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA091846-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA070907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA091846/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 DE019765/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- U01 DE019765-03/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 21;467(7318):986-90. doi: 10.1038/nature09459.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20962848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology ; Genomic Instability ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*genetics ; Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/secretion ; Phosphoproteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Ribonuclease III/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived models of LEOPARD syndrome (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-11
    Description: The generation of reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with defined genetic disorders holds the promise of increased understanding of the aetiologies of complex diseases and may also facilitate the development of novel therapeutic interventions. We have generated iPSCs from patients with LEOPARD syndrome (an acronym formed from its main features; that is, lentigines, electrocardiographic abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonary valve stenosis, abnormal genitalia, retardation of growth and deafness), an autosomal-dominant developmental disorder belonging to a relatively prevalent class of inherited RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling diseases, which also includes Noonan syndrome, with pleomorphic effects on several tissues and organ systems. The patient-derived cells have a mutation in the PTPN11 gene, which encodes the SHP2 phosphatase. The iPSCs have been extensively characterized and produce multiple differentiated cell lineages. A major disease phenotype in patients with LEOPARD syndrome is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We show that in vitro-derived cardiomyocytes from LEOPARD syndrome iPSCs are larger, have a higher degree of sarcomeric organization and preferential localization of NFATC4 in the nucleus when compared with cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells or wild-type iPSCs derived from a healthy brother of one of the LEOPARD syndrome patients. These features correlate with a potential hypertrophic state. We also provide molecular insights into signalling pathways that may promote the disease phenotype.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885001/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885001/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carvajal-Vergara, Xonia -- Sevilla, Ana -- D'Souza, Sunita L -- Ang, Yen-Sin -- Schaniel, Christoph -- Lee, Dung-Fang -- Yang, Lei -- Kaplan, Aaron D -- Adler, Eric D -- Rozov, Roye -- Ge, Yongchao -- Cohen, Ninette -- Edelmann, Lisa J -- Chang, Betty -- Waghray, Avinash -- Su, Jie -- Pardo, Sherly -- Lichtenbelt, Klaske D -- Tartaglia, Marco -- Gelb, Bruce D -- Lemischka, Ihor R -- 5R01GM078465/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078465/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078465-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):808-12. doi: 10.1038/nature09005.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. xcarvajal@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/enzymology/metabolism/*pathology ; LEOPARD Syndrome/drug therapy/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; *Models, Biological ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism/pathology ; NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics ; Phosphoproteins/analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Precision Medicine ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics/metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 5
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    Vascular endothelial growth factor B controls endothelial fatty acid uptake (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-03-17
    Description: The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are major angiogenic regulators and are involved in several aspects of endothelial cell physiology. However, the detailed role of VEGF-B in blood vessel function has remained unclear. Here we show that VEGF-B has an unexpected role in endothelial targeting of lipids to peripheral tissues. Dietary lipids present in circulation have to be transported through the vascular endothelium to be metabolized by tissue cells, a mechanism that is poorly understood. Bioinformatic analysis showed that Vegfb was tightly co-expressed with nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes across a large variety of physiological conditions in mice, pointing to a role for VEGF-B in metabolism. VEGF-B specifically controlled endothelial uptake of fatty acids via transcriptional regulation of vascular fatty acid transport proteins. As a consequence, Vegfb(-/-) mice showed less uptake and accumulation of lipids in muscle, heart and brown adipose tissue, and instead shunted lipids to white adipose tissue. This regulation was mediated by VEGF receptor 1 and neuropilin 1 expressed by the endothelium. The co-expression of VEGF-B and mitochondrial proteins introduces a novel regulatory mechanism, whereby endothelial lipid uptake and mitochondrial lipid use are tightly coordinated. The involvement of VEGF-B in lipid uptake may open up the possibility for novel strategies to modulate pathological lipid accumulation in diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagberg, Carolina E -- Falkevall, Annelie -- Wang, Xun -- Larsson, Erik -- Huusko, Jenni -- Nilsson, Ingrid -- van Meeteren, Laurens A -- Samen, Erik -- Lu, Li -- Vanwildemeersch, Maarten -- Klar, Joakim -- Genove, Guillem -- Pietras, Kristian -- Stone-Elander, Sharon -- Claesson-Welsh, Lena -- Yla-Herttuala, Seppo -- Lindahl, Per -- Eriksson, Ulf -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 8;464(7290):917-21. doi: 10.1038/nature08945. Epub 2010 Mar 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tissue Biology Group, Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20228789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/cytology/*metabolism ; Fatty Acid Transport Proteins/genetics ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Muscles/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Neuropilin-1/genetics/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Specificity ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism
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  • 6
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    A coding-independent function of gene and pseudogene mRNAs regulates tumour biology (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: The canonical role of messenger RNA (mRNA) is to deliver protein-coding information to sites of protein synthesis. However, given that microRNAs bind to RNAs, we hypothesized that RNAs could possess a regulatory role that relies on their ability to compete for microRNA binding, independently of their protein-coding function. As a model for the protein-coding-independent role of RNAs, we describe the functional relationship between the mRNAs produced by the PTEN tumour suppressor gene and its pseudogene PTENP1 and the critical consequences of this interaction. We find that PTENP1 is biologically active as it can regulate cellular levels of PTEN and exert a growth-suppressive role. We also show that the PTENP1 locus is selectively lost in human cancer. We extended our analysis to other cancer-related genes that possess pseudogenes, such as oncogenic KRAS. We also demonstrate that the transcripts of protein-coding genes such as PTEN are biologically active. These findings attribute a novel biological role to expressed pseudogenes, as they can regulate coding gene expression, and reveal a non-coding function for mRNAs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206313/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206313/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poliseno, Laura -- Salmena, Leonardo -- Zhang, Jiangwen -- Carver, Brett -- Haveman, William J -- Pandolfi, Pier Paolo -- R01 CA-82328-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA102142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA102142-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):1033-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09144.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Pseudogenes/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; ras Proteins/genetics
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    Chemical genetics strategy identifies an HCV NS5A inhibitor with a potent clinical effect (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-23
    Description: The worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is estimated to be approaching 200 million people. Current therapy relies upon a combination of pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin, a poorly tolerated regimen typically associated with less than 50% sustained virological response rate in those infected with genotype 1 virus. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents to treat HCV has focused predominantly on inhibitors of the viral enzymes NS3 protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5B. Here we describe the profile of BMS-790052, a small molecule inhibitor of the HCV NS5A protein that exhibits picomolar half-maximum effective concentrations (EC(50)) towards replicons expressing a broad range of HCV genotypes and the JFH-1 genotype 2a infectious virus in cell culture. In a phase I clinical trial in patients chronically infected with HCV, administration of a single 100-mg dose of BMS-790052 was associated with a 3.3 log(10) reduction in mean viral load measured 24 h post-dose that was sustained for an additional 120 h in two patients infected with genotype 1b virus. Genotypic analysis of samples taken at baseline, 24 and 144 h post-dose revealed that the major HCV variants observed had substitutions at amino-acid positions identified using the in vitro replicon system. These results provide the first clinical validation of an inhibitor of HCV NS5A, a protein with no known enzymatic function, as an approach to the suppression of virus replication that offers potential as part of a therapeutic regimen based on combinations of HCV inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Min -- Nettles, Richard E -- Belema, Makonen -- Snyder, Lawrence B -- Nguyen, Van N -- Fridell, Robert A -- Serrano-Wu, Michael H -- Langley, David R -- Sun, Jin-Hua -- O'Boyle, Donald R 2nd -- Lemm, Julie A -- Wang, Chunfu -- Knipe, Jay O -- Chien, Caly -- Colonno, Richard J -- Grasela, Dennis M -- Meanwell, Nicholas A -- Hamann, Lawrence G -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):96-100. doi: 10.1038/nature08960. Epub 2010 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20410884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/blood/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Genotype ; HeLa Cells ; Hepacivirus/*drug effects ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy/virology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/blood/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Vero Cells ; Viral Load/drug effects ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Young Adult
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    A genome-wide RNAi screen reveals determinants of human embryonic stem cell identity (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-19
    Description: The derivation of human ES cells (hESCs) from human blastocysts represents one of the milestones in stem cell biology. The full potential of hESCs in research and clinical applications requires a detailed understanding of the genetic network that governs the unique properties of hESCs. Here, we report a genome-wide RNA interference screen to identify genes which regulate self-renewal and pluripotency properties in hESCs. Interestingly, functionally distinct complexes involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodelling are among the factors identified in the screen. To understand the roles of these potential regulators of hESCs, we studied transcription factor PRDM14 to gain new insights into its functional roles in the regulation of pluripotency. We showed that PRDM14 regulates directly the expression of key pluripotency gene POU5F1 through its proximal enhancer. Genome-wide location profiling experiments revealed that PRDM14 colocalized extensively with other key transcription factors such as OCT4, NANOG and SOX2, indicating that PRDM14 is integrated into the core transcriptional regulatory network. More importantly, in a gain-of-function assay, we showed that PRDM14 is able to enhance the efficiency of reprogramming of human fibroblasts in conjunction with OCT4, SOX2 and KLF4. Altogether, our study uncovers a wealth of novel hESC regulators wherein PRDM14 exemplifies a key transcription factor required for the maintenance of hESC identity and the reacquisition of pluripotency in human somatic cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chia, Na-Yu -- Chan, Yun-Shen -- Feng, Bo -- Lu, Xinyi -- Orlov, Yuriy L -- Moreau, Dimitri -- Kumar, Pankaj -- Yang, Lin -- Jiang, Jianming -- Lau, Mei-Sheng -- Huss, Mikael -- Soh, Boon-Seng -- Kraus, Petra -- Li, Pin -- Lufkin, Thomas -- Lim, Bing -- Clarke, Neil D -- Bard, Frederic -- Ng, Huck-Hui -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 11;468(7321):316-20. doi: 10.1038/nature09531. Epub 2010 Oct 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Regulation Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20953172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    NRMT is an alpha-N-methyltransferase that methylates RCC1 and retinoblastoma protein (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-30
    Description: The post-translational methylation of alpha-amino groups was first discovered over 30 years ago on the bacterial ribosomal proteins L16 and L33 (refs 1, 2), but almost nothing is known about the function or enzymology of this modification. Several other bacterial and eukaryotic proteins have since been shown to be alpha-N-methylated. However, the Ran guanine nucleotide-exchange factor, RCC1, is the only protein for which any biological function of alpha-N-methylation has been identified. Methylation-defective mutants of RCC1 have reduced affinity for DNA and cause mitotic defects, but further characterization of this modification has been hindered by ignorance of the responsible methyltransferase. All fungal and animal N-terminally methylated proteins contain a unique N-terminal motif, Met-(Ala/Pro/Ser)-Pro-Lys, indicating that they may be targets of the same, unknown enzyme. The initiating Met is cleaved, and the exposed alpha-amino group is mono-, di- or trimethylated. Here we report the discovery of the first alpha-N-methyltransferase, which we named N-terminal RCC1 methyltransferase (NRMT). Substrate docking and mutational analysis of RCC1 defined the NRMT recognition sequence and enabled the identification of numerous new methylation targets, including SET (also known as TAF-I or PHAPII) and the retinoblastoma protein, RB. Knockdown of NRMT recapitulates the multi-spindle phenotype seen with methylation-defective RCC1 mutants, demonstrating the importance of alpha-N-methylation for normal bipolar spindle formation and chromosome segregation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2939154/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2939154/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tooley, Christine E Schaner -- Petkowski, Janusz J -- Muratore-Schroeder, Tara L -- Balsbaugh, Jeremy L -- Shabanowitz, Jeffrey -- Sabat, Michal -- Minor, Wladek -- Hunt, Donald F -- Macara, Ian G -- R01 GM050526/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM050526-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1125-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09343.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA. ces5g@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20668449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Segregation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Histone Chaperones/metabolism ; Humans ; Methyltransferases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Retinoblastoma Protein/*metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Maternal Rnf12/RLIM is required for imprinted X-chromosome inactivation in mice (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-22
    Description: Two forms of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) ensure the selective silencing of female sex chromosomes during mouse embryogenesis. Imprinted XCI begins with the detection of Xist RNA expression on the paternal X chromosome (Xp) at about the four-cell stage of embryonic development. In the embryonic tissues of the inner cell mass, a random form of XCI occurs in blastocysts that inactivates either Xp or the maternal X chromosome (Xm). Both forms of XCI require the non-coding Xist RNA that coats the inactive X chromosome from which it is expressed. Xist has crucial functions in the silencing of X-linked genes, including Rnf12 (refs 3, 4) encoding the ubiquitin ligase RLIM (RING finger LIM-domain-interacting protein). Here we show, by targeting a conditional knockout of Rnf12 to oocytes where RLIM accumulates to high levels, that the maternal transmission of the mutant X chromosome (Deltam) leads to lethality in female embryos as a result of defective imprinted XCI. We provide evidence that in Deltam female embryos the initial formation of Xist clouds and Xp silencing are inhibited. In contrast, embryonic stem cells lacking RLIM are able to form Xist clouds and silence at least some X-linked genes during random XCI. These results assign crucial functions to the maternal deposit of Rnf12/RLIM for the initiation of imprinted XCI.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967734/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967734/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shin, Jongdae -- Bossenz, Michael -- Chung, Young -- Ma, Hong -- Byron, Meg -- Taniguchi-Ishigaki, Naoko -- Zhu, Xiaochun -- Jiao, Baowei -- Hall, Lisa L -- Green, Michael R -- Jones, Stephen N -- Hermans-Borgmeyer, Irm -- Lawrence, Jeanne B -- Bach, Ingolf -- 5 P30 DK32520/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK32520/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM053234/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA131158/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA131158-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM033977/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053234/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA131158/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 21;467(7318):977-81. doi: 10.1038/nature09457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS), Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20962847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Congenic ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Embryo Loss/genetics ; Fathers ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Mothers ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; X Chromosome/*genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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