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  • 1
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    The structural basis of ribosome activity in peptide bond synthesis (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-11
    Description: Using the atomic structures of the large ribosomal subunit from Haloarcula marismortui and its complexes with two substrate analogs, we establish that the ribosome is a ribozyme and address the catalytic properties of its all-RNA active site. Both substrate analogs are contacted exclusively by conserved ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residues from domain V of 23S rRNA; there are no protein side-chain atoms closer than about 18 angstroms to the peptide bond being synthesized. The mechanism of peptide bond synthesis appears to resemble the reverse of the acylation step in serine proteases, with the base of A2486 (A2451 in Escherichia coli) playing the same general base role as histidine-57 in chymotrypsin. The unusual pK(a) (where K(a) is the acid dissociation constant) required for A2486 to perform this function may derive in part from its hydrogen bonding to G2482 (G2447 in E. coli), which also interacts with a buried phosphate that could stabilize unusual tautomers of these two bases. The polypeptide exit tunnel is largely formed by RNA but has significant contributions from proteins L4, L22, and L39e, and its exit is encircled by proteins L19, L22, L23, L24, L29, and L31e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nissen, P -- Hansen, J -- Ban, N -- Moore, P B -- Steitz, T A -- GM22778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM54216/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 11;289(5481):920-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10937990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Haloarcula marismortui/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligonucleotides/metabolism ; *Peptide Biosynthesis ; Peptides/metabolism ; Peptidyl Transferases/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphates/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Puromycin/metabolism ; RNA, Archaeal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomes/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The complete atomic structure of the large ribosomal subunit at 2.4 A resolution (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-11
    Description: The large ribosomal subunit catalyzes peptide bond formation and binds initiation, termination, and elongation factors. We have determined the crystal structure of the large ribosomal subunit from Haloarcula marismortui at 2.4 angstrom resolution, and it includes 2833 of the subunit's 3045 nucleotides and 27 of its 31 proteins. The domains of its RNAs all have irregular shapes and fit together in the ribosome like the pieces of a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle to form a large, monolithic structure. Proteins are abundant everywhere on its surface except in the active site where peptide bond formation occurs and where it contacts the small subunit. Most of the proteins stabilize the structure by interacting with several RNA domains, often using idiosyncratically folded extensions that reach into the subunit's interior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ban, N -- Nissen, P -- Hansen, J -- Moore, P B -- Steitz, T A -- GM22778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM54216/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 11;289(5481):905-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10937989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Haloarcula marismortui/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; RNA, Archaeal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Human origins and ancient human DNA (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, A -- Rambaut, A -- Macaulay, V -- Willerslev, E -- Hansen, A J -- Stringer, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1655-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11388352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Australia ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA Damage ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; *Paleontology ; *Phylogeny ; Specimen Handling
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Diverse plant and animal genetic records from Holocene and Pleistocene sediments (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: Genetic analyses of permafrost and temperate sediments reveal that plant and animal DNA may be preserved for long periods, even in the absence of obvious macrofossils. In Siberia, five permafrost cores ranging from 400,000 to 10,000 years old contained at least 19 different plant taxa, including the oldest authenticated ancient DNA sequences known, and megafaunal sequences including mammoth, bison, and horse. The genetic data record a number of dramatic changes in the taxonomic diversity and composition of Beringian vegetation and fauna. Temperate cave sediments in New Zealand also yielded DNA sequences of extinct biota, including two species of ratite moa, and 29 plant taxa characteristic of the prehuman environment. Therefore, many sedimentary deposits may contain unique, and widespread, genetic records of paleoenvironments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willerslev, Eske -- Hansen, Anders J -- Binladen, Jonas -- Brand, Tina B -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Shapiro, Beth -- Bunce, Michael -- Wiuf, Carsten -- Gilichinsky, David A -- Cooper, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):791-5. Epub 2003 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Denmark DK-2100 O.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/classification/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bryopsida/classification/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*analysis/genetics ; DNA, Chloroplast/analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; DNA, Plant/*analysis/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; Gymnosperms/classification/genetics ; History, Ancient ; Mammals/classification/genetics ; New Zealand ; Phylogeny ; *Plants/classification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Siberia ; *Soil ; *Vertebrates/classification/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    A closer look at water-related geologic activity on Mars (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Water has supposedly marked the surface of Mars and produced characteristic landforms. To understand the history of water on Mars, we take a close look at key locations with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, reaching fine spatial scales of 25 to 32 centimeters per pixel. Boulders ranging up to approximately 2 meters in diameter are ubiquitous in the middle to high latitudes, which include deposits previously interpreted as finegrained ocean sediments or dusty snow. Bright gully deposits identify six locations with very recent activity, but these lie on steep (20 degrees to 35 degrees) slopes where dry mass wasting could occur. Thus, we cannot confirm the reality of ancient oceans or water in active gullies but do see evidence of fluvial modification of geologically recent mid-latitude gullies and equatorial impact craters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McEwen, A S -- Hansen, C J -- Delamere, W A -- Eliason, E M -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Keszthelyi, L -- Gulick, V C -- Kirk, R L -- Mellon, M T -- Grant, J A -- Thomas, N -- Weitz, C M -- Squyres, S W -- Bridges, N T -- Murchie, S L -- Seelos, F -- Seelos, K -- Okubo, C H -- Milazzo, M P -- Tornabene, L L -- Jaeger, W L -- Byrne, S -- Russell, P S -- Griffes, J L -- Martinez-Alonso, S -- Davatzes, A -- Chuang, F C -- Thomson, B J -- Fishbaugh, K E -- Dundas, C M -- Kolb, K J -- Banks, M E -- Wray, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1706-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Mars ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Seasonal erosion and restoration of Mars' northern polar dunes (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: Despite radically different environmental conditions, terrestrial and martian dunes bear a strong resemblance, indicating that the basic processes of saltation and grainfall (sand avalanching down the dune slipface) operate on both worlds. Here, we show that martian dunes are subject to an additional modification process not found on Earth: springtime sublimation of Mars' CO(2) seasonal polar caps. Numerous dunes in Mars' north polar region have experienced morphological changes within a Mars year, detected in images acquired by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Dunes show new alcoves, gullies, and dune apron extension. This is followed by remobilization of the fresh deposits by the wind, forming ripples and erasing gullies. The widespread nature of these rapid changes, and the pristine appearance of most dunes in the area, implicates active sand transport in the vast polar erg in Mars' current climate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, C J -- Bourke, M -- Bridges, N T -- Byrne, S -- Colon, C -- Diniega, S -- Dundas, C -- Herkenhoff, K -- McEwen, A -- Mellon, M -- Portyankina, G -- Thomas, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):575-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1197636.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA. cjhansen@psi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carbon Dioxide ; Dry Ice ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Mars
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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