ALBERT

Description: To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943200/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943200/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bovine Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium -- Elsik, Christine G -- Tellam, Ross L -- Worley, Kim C -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Muzny, Donna M -- Weinstock, George M -- Adelson, David L -- Eichler, Evan E -- Elnitski, Laura -- Guigo, Roderic -- Hamernik, Debora L -- Kappes, Steve M -- Lewin, Harris A -- Lynn, David J -- Nicholas, Frank W -- Reymond, Alexandre -- Rijnkels, Monique -- Skow, Loren C -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Schook, Lawrence -- Womack, James -- Alioto, Tyler -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- Astashyn, Alex -- Chapple, Charles E -- Chen, Hsiu-Chuan -- Chrast, Jacqueline -- Camara, Francisco -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Henrichsen, Charlotte N -- Hlavina, Wratko -- Kapustin, Yuri -- Kiryutin, Boris -- Kitts, Paul -- Kokocinski, Felix -- Landrum, Melissa -- Maglott, Donna -- Pruitt, Kim -- Sapojnikov, Victor -- Searle, Stephen M -- Solovyev, Victor -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Ucla, Catherine -- Wyss, Carine -- Anzola, Juan M -- Gerlach, Daniel -- Elhaik, Eran -- Graur, Dan -- Reese, Justin T -- Edgar, Robert C -- McEwan, John C -- Payne, Gemma M -- Raison, Joy M -- Junier, Thomas -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Eyras, Eduardo -- Plass, Mireya -- Donthu, Ravikiran -- Larkin, Denis M -- Reecy, James -- Yang, Mary Q -- Chen, Lin -- Cheng, Ze -- Chitko-McKown, Carol G -- Liu, George E -- Matukumalli, Lakshmi K -- Song, Jiuzhou -- Zhu, Bin -- Bradley, Daniel G -- Brinkman, Fiona S L -- Lau, Lilian P L -- Whiteside, Matthew D -- Walker, Angela -- Wheeler, Thomas T -- Casey, Theresa -- German, J Bruce -- Lemay, Danielle G -- Maqbool, Nauman J -- Molenaar, Adrian J -- Seo, Seongwon -- Stothard, Paul -- Baldwin, Cynthia L -- Baxter, Rebecca -- Brinkmeyer-Langford, Candice L -- Brown, Wendy C -- Childers, Christopher P -- Connelley, Timothy -- Ellis, Shirley A -- Fritz, Krista -- Glass, Elizabeth J -- Herzig, Carolyn T A -- Iivanainen, Antti -- Lahmers, Kevin K -- Bennett, Anna K -- Dickens, C Michael -- Gilbert, James G R -- Hagen, Darren E -- Salih, Hanni -- Aerts, Jan -- Caetano, Alexandre R -- Dalrymple, Brian -- Garcia, Jose Fernando -- Gill, Clare A -- Hiendleder, Stefan G -- Memili, Erdogan -- Spurlock, Diane -- Williams, John L -- Alexander, Lee -- Brownstein, Michael J -- Guan, Leluo -- Holt, Robert A -- Jones, Steven J M -- Marra, Marco A -- Moore, Richard -- Moore, Stephen S -- Roberts, Andy -- Taniguchi, Masaaki -- Waterman, Richard C -- Chacko, Joseph -- Chandrabose, Mimi M -- Cree, Andy -- Dao, Marvin Diep -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha -- Hines, Sandra -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Kovar, Christie L -- Lewis, Lora R -- Liu, Yih-Shin -- Lopez, John -- Morgan, Margaret B -- Nguyen, Ngoc Bich -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Ruiz, San Juana -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Wright, Rita A -- Buhay, Christian -- Ding, Yan -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Herdandez, Judith -- Holder, Michael -- Sabo, Aniko -- Egan, Amy -- Goodell, Jason -- Wilczek-Boney, Katarzyna -- Fowler, Gerald R -- Hitchens, Matthew Edward -- Lozado, Ryan J -- Moen, Charles -- Steffen, David -- Warren, James T -- Zhang, Jingkun -- Chiu, Readman -- Schein, Jacqueline E -- Durbin, K James -- Havlak, Paul -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Liu, Yue -- Qin, Xiang -- Ren, Yanru -- Shen, Yufeng -- Song, Henry -- Bell, Stephanie Nicole -- Davis, Clay -- Johnson, Angela Jolivet -- Lee, Sandra -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Patel, Bella Mayurkumar -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Vattathil, Selina -- Williams, Rex Lee Jr -- Curry, Stacey -- Hamilton, Cerissa -- Sodergren, Erica -- Wheeler, David A -- Barris, Wes -- Bennett, Gary L -- Eggen, Andre -- Green, Ronnie D -- Harhay, Gregory P -- Hobbs, Matthew -- Jann, Oliver -- Keele, John W -- Kent, Matthew P -- Lien, Sigbjorn -- McKay, Stephanie D -- McWilliam, Sean -- Ratnakumar, Abhirami -- Schnabel, Robert D -- Smith, Timothy -- Snelling, Warren M -- Sonstegard, Tad S -- Stone, Roger T -- Sugimoto, Yoshikazu -- Takasuga, Akiko -- Taylor, Jeremy F -- Van Tassell, Curtis P -- Macneil, Michael D -- Abatepaulo, Antonio R R -- Abbey, Colette A -- Ahola, Virpi -- Almeida, Iassudara G -- Amadio, Ariel F -- Anatriello, Elen -- Bahadue, Suria M -- Biase, Fernando H -- Boldt, Clayton R -- Carroll, Jeffery A -- Carvalho, Wanessa A -- Cervelatti, Eliane P -- Chacko, Elsa -- Chapin, Jennifer E -- Cheng, Ye -- Choi, Jungwoo -- Colley, Adam J -- de Campos, Tatiana A -- De Donato, Marcos -- Santos, Isabel K F de Miranda -- de Oliveira, Carlo J F -- Deobald, Heather -- Devinoy, Eve -- Donohue, Kaitlin E -- Dovc, Peter -- Eberlein, Annett -- Fitzsimmons, Carolyn J -- Franzin, Alessandra M -- Garcia, Gustavo R -- Genini, Sem -- Gladney, Cody J -- Grant, Jason R -- Greaser, Marion L -- Green, Jonathan A -- Hadsell, Darryl L -- Hakimov, Hatam A -- Halgren, Rob -- Harrow, Jennifer L -- Hart, Elizabeth A -- Hastings, Nicola -- Hernandez, Marta -- Hu, Zhi-Liang -- Ingham, Aaron -- Iso-Touru, Terhi -- Jamis, Catherine -- Jensen, Kirsty -- Kapetis, Dimos -- Kerr, Tovah -- Khalil, Sari S -- Khatib, Hasan -- Kolbehdari, Davood -- Kumar, Charu G -- Kumar, Dinesh -- Leach, Richard -- Lee, Justin C-M -- Li, Changxi -- Logan, Krystin M -- Malinverni, Roberto -- Marques, Elisa -- Martin, William F -- Martins, Natalia F -- Maruyama, Sandra R -- Mazza, Raffaele -- McLean, Kim L -- Medrano, Juan F -- Moreno, Barbara T -- More, Daniela D -- Muntean, Carl T -- Nandakumar, Hari P -- Nogueira, Marcelo F G -- Olsaker, Ingrid -- Pant, Sameer D -- Panzitta, Francesca -- Pastor, Rosemeire C P -- Poli, Mario A -- Poslusny, Nathan -- Rachagani, Satyanarayana -- Ranganathan, Shoba -- Razpet, Andrej -- Riggs, Penny K -- Rincon, Gonzalo -- Rodriguez-Osorio, Nelida -- Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra L -- Romero, Natasha E -- Rosenwald, Anne -- Sando, Lillian -- Schmutz, Sheila M -- Shen, Libing -- Sherman, Laura -- Southey, Bruce R -- Lutzow, Ylva Strandberg -- Sweedler, Jonathan V -- Tammen, Imke -- Telugu, Bhanu Prakash V L -- Urbanski, Jennifer M -- Utsunomiya, Yuri T -- Verschoor, Chris P -- Waardenberg, Ashley J -- Wang, Zhiquan -- Ward, Robert -- Weikard, Rosemarie -- Welsh, Thomas H Jr -- White, Stephen N -- Wilming, Laurens G -- Wunderlich, Kris R -- Yang, Jianqi -- Zhao, Feng-Qi -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077198/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/13438/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/13446/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30 DA018310/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-04S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-05S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-05S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-06/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-06S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-06S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-07/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):522-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1169588.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 6 x 10(19) electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within approximately 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest-energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pierre Auger Collaboration -- Abraham, J -- Abreu, P -- Aglietta, M -- Aguirre, C -- Allard, D -- Allekotte, I -- Allen, J -- Allison, P -- Alvarez, C -- Alvarez-Muniz, J -- Ambrosio, M -- Anchordoqui, L -- Andringa, S -- Anzalone, A -- Aramo, C -- Argiro, S -- Arisaka, K -- Armengaud, E -- Arneodo, F -- Arqueros, F -- Asch, T -- Asorey, H -- Assis, P -- Atulugama, B S -- Aublin, J -- Ave, M -- Avila, G -- Backer, T -- Badagnani, D -- Barbosa, A F -- Barnhill, D -- Barroso, S L C -- Bauleo, P -- Beatty, J -- Beau, T -- Becker, B R -- Becker, K H -- Bellido, J A -- Benzvi, S -- Berat, C -- Bergmann, T -- Bernardini, P -- Bertou, X -- Biermann, P L -- Billoir, P -- Blanch-Bigas, O -- Blanco, F -- Blasi, P -- Bleve, C -- Blumer, H -- Bohacova, M -- Bonifazi, C -- Bonino, R -- Boratav, M -- Brack, J -- Brogueira, P -- Brown, W C -- Buchholz, P -- Bueno, A -- Busca, N G -- Caballero-Mora, K S -- Cai, B -- Camin, D V -- Caruso, R -- Carvalho, W -- Castellina, A -- Catalano, O -- Cataldi, G -- Cazon-Boado, L -- Cester, R -- Chauvin, J -- Chiavassa, A -- Chinellato, J A -- Chou, A -- Chye, J -- Clark, P D J -- Clay, R W -- Colombo, E -- Conceicao, R -- Connolly, B -- Contreras, F -- Coppens, J -- Cordier, A -- Cotti, U -- Coutu, S -- Covault, C E -- Creusot, A -- Cronin, J -- Dagoret-Campagne, S -- Daumiller, K -- Dawson, B R -- de Almeida, R M -- De Donato, C -- de Jong, S J -- De La Vega, G -- de Mello Junior, W J M -- de Mello Neto, J R T -- De Mitri, I -- de Souza, V -- Del Peral, L -- Deligny, O -- Selva, A Della -- Fratte, C Delle -- Dembinski, H -- Di Giulio, C -- Diaz, J C -- Dobrigkeit, C -- D'Olivo, J C -- Dornic, D -- Dorofeev, A -- Dos Anjos, J C -- Dova, M T -- D'Urso, D -- Duvernois, M A -- Engel, R -- Epele, L -- Erdmann, M -- Escobar, C O -- Etchegoyen, A -- Facal San Luis, P -- Falcke, H -- Farrar, G -- Fauth, A C -- Fazzini, N -- Fernandez, A -- Ferrer, F -- Ferry, S -- Fick, B -- Filevich, A -- Filipcic, A -- Fleck, I -- Fonte, R -- Fracchiolla, C E -- Fulgione, W -- Garcia, B -- Garcia Gamez, D -- Garcia-Pinto, D -- Garrido, X -- Geenen, H -- Gelmini, G -- Gemmeke, H -- Ghia, P L -- Giller, M -- Glass, H -- Gold, M S -- Golup, G -- Albarracin, F Gomez -- Berisso, M Gomez -- Herrero, R Gomez -- Goncalves, P -- Goncalves do Amaral, M -- Gonzalez, D -- Gonzalez, J G -- Gonzalez, M -- Gora, D -- Gorgi, A -- Gouffon, P -- Grassi, V -- Grillo, A -- Grunfeld, C -- Guardincerri, Y -- Guarino, F -- Guedes, G P -- Gutierrez, J -- Hague, J D -- Hamilton, J C -- Hansen, P -- Harari, D -- Harmsma, S -- Harton, J L -- Haungs, A -- Hauschildt, T -- Healy, M D -- Hebbeker, T -- Heck, D -- Hojvat, C -- Holmes, V C -- Homola, P -- Horandel, J -- Horneffer, A -- Horvat, M -- Hrabovsky, M -- Huege, T -- Iarlori, M -- Insolia, A -- Ionita, F -- Italiano, A -- Kaducak, M -- Kampert, K H -- Keilhauer, B -- Kemp, E -- Kieckhafer, R M -- Klages, H O -- Kleifges, M -- Kleinfeller, J -- Knapik, R -- Knapp, J -- Koang, D-H -- Kopmann, A -- Krieger, A -- Kromer, O -- Kumpel, D -- Kunka, N -- Kusenko, A -- La Rosa, G -- Lachaud, C -- Lago, B L -- Lebrun, D -- Lebrun, P -- Lee, J -- Leigui de Oliveira, M A -- Letessier-Selvon, A -- Leuthold, M -- Lhenry-Yvon, I -- Lopez, R -- Lopez Aguera, A -- Lozano Bahilo, J -- Maccarone, M C -- Macolino, C -- Maldera, S -- Malek, M -- Mancarella, G -- Mancenido, M E -- Mandat, D -- Mantsch, P -- Mariazzi, A G -- Maris, I C -- Martello, D -- Martinez, J -- Martinez Bravo, O -- Mathes, H J -- Matthews, J -- Matthews, J A J -- Matthiae, G -- Maurizio, D -- Mazur, P O -- McCauley, T -- McEwen, M -- McNeil, R R -- Medina, M C -- Medina-Tanco, G -- Meli, A -- Melo, D -- Menichetti, E -- Menschikov, A -- Meurer, Chr -- Meyhandan, R -- Micheletti, M I -- Miele, G -- Miller, W -- Mollerach, S -- Monasor, M -- Monnier Ragaigne, D -- Montanet, F -- Morales, B -- Morello, C -- Moreno, E -- Moreno, J C -- Morris, C -- Mostafa, M -- Muller, M A -- Mussa, R -- Navarra, G -- Navarro, J L -- Navas, S -- Nellen, L -- Newman-Holmes, C -- Newton, D -- Thi, T Nguyen -- Nierstenhofer, N -- Nitz, D -- Nosek, D -- Nozka, L -- Oehlschlager, J -- Ohnuki, T -- Olinto, A -- Olmos-Gilbaja, V M -- Ortiz, M -- Ostapchenko, S -- Otero, L -- Pakk Selmi-Dei, D -- Palatka, M -- Pallotta, J -- Parente, G -- Parizot, E -- Parlati, S -- Pastor, S -- Patel, M -- Paul, T -- Pavlidou, V -- Payet, K -- Pech, M -- Pekala, J -- Pelayo, R -- Pepe, I M -- Perrone, L -- Petrera, S -- Petrinca, P -- Petrov, Y -- Ngoc, Dieppham -- Ngoc, Dongpham -- Pham Thi, T N -- Pichel, A -- Piegaia, R -- Pierog, T -- Pimenta, M -- Pinto, T -- Pirronello, V -- Pisanti, O -- Platino, M -- Pochon, J -- Porter, T A -- Privitera, P -- Prouza, M -- Quel, E J -- Rautenberg, J -- Reucroft, S -- Revenu, B -- Rezende, F A S -- Ridky, J -- Riggi, S -- Risse, M -- Riviere, C -- Rizi, V -- Roberts, M -- Robledo, C -- Rodriguez, G -- Rodriguez Frias, D -- Rodriguez Martino, J -- Rodriguez Rojo, J -- Rodriguez-Cabo, I -- Ros, G -- Rosado, J -- Roth, M -- Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B -- Roulet, E -- Rovero, A C -- Salamida, F -- Salazar, H -- Salina, G -- Sanchez, F -- Santander, M -- Santo, C E -- Santos, E M -- Sarazin, F -- Sarkar, S -- Sato, R -- Scherini, V -- Schieler, H -- Schmidt, F -- Schmidt, T -- Scholten, O -- Schovanek, P -- Schussler, F -- Sciutto, S J -- Scuderi, M -- Segreto, A -- Semikoz, D -- Settimo, M -- Shellard, R C -- Sidelnik, I -- Siffert, B B -- Sigl, G -- De Grande, N Smetniansky -- Smialkowski, A -- Smida, R -- Smith, A G K -- Smith, B E -- Snow, G R -- Sokolsky, P -- Sommers, P -- Sorokin, J -- Spinka, H -- Squartini, R -- Strazzeri, E -- Stutz, A -- Suarez, F -- Suomijarvi, T -- Supanitsky, A D -- Sutherland, M S -- Swain, J -- Szadkowski, Z -- Takahashi, J -- Tamashiro, A -- Tamburro, A -- Tascau, O -- Tcaciuc, R -- Thomas, D -- Ticona, R -- Tiffenberg, J -- Timmermans, C -- Tkaczyk, W -- Todero Peixoto, C J -- Tome, B -- Tonachini, A -- Torresi, D -- Travnicek, P -- Tripathi, A -- Tristram, G -- Tscherniakhovski, D -- Tueros, M -- Tunnicliffe, V -- Ulrich, R -- Unger, M -- Urban, M -- Valdes Galicia, J F -- Valino, I -- Valore, L -- van den Berg, A M -- van Elewyck, V -- Vazquez, R A -- Veberic, D -- Veiga, A -- Velarde, A -- Venters, T -- Verzi, V -- Videla, M -- Villasenor, L -- Vorobiov, S -- Voyvodic, L -- Wahlberg, H -- Wainberg, O -- Waldenmaier, T -- Walker, P -- Warner, D -- Watson, A A -- Westerhoff, S -- Wieczorek, G -- Wiencke, L -- Wilczynska, B -- Wilczynski, H -- Wileman, C -- Winnick, M G -- Wu, H -- Wundheiler, B -- Xu, J -- Yamamoto, T -- Younk, P -- Zas, E -- Zavrtanik, D -- Zavrtanik, M -- Zech, A -- Zepeda, A -- Ziolkowski, M -- Kegl, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):938-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are highly energetic explosions signaling the death of massive stars in distant galaxies. The Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Observatory together record GRBs over a broad energy range spanning about 7 decades of gammaray energy. In September 2008, Fermi observed the exceptionally luminous GRB 080916C, with the largest apparent energy release yet measured. The high-energy gamma rays are observed to start later and persist longer than the lower energy photons. A simple spectral form fits the entire GRB spectrum, providing strong constraints on emission models. The known distance of the burst enables placing lower limits on the bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow and on the quantum gravity mass.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fermi LAT and Fermi GBM Collaborations -- Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Arimoto, M -- Asano, K -- Atwood, W B -- Axelsson, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Band, D L -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Battelino, M -- Baughman, B M -- Bechtol, K -- Bellardi, F -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Bhat, P N -- Bissaldi, E -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bogaert, G -- Bogart, J R -- Bonamente, E -- Bonnell, J -- Borgland, A W -- Bouvier, A -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Briggs, M S -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burnett, T H -- Burrows, D -- Busetto, G -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Ceccanti, M -- Cecchi, C -- Celotti, A -- Charles, E -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Cominsky, L R -- Connaughton, V -- Conrad, J -- Costamante, L -- Cutini, S -- Deklotz, M -- Dermer, C D -- de Angelis, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Dingus, B L -- do Couto E Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Edmonds, Y -- Evans, P A -- Fabiani, D -- Farnier, C -- Favuzzi, C -- Finke, J -- Fishman, G -- Focke, W B -- Frailis, M -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giommi, P -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Goldstein, A -- Granot, J -- Greiner, J -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Haller, G -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hernando Morat, J A -- Hoover, A -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kavelaars, A -- Kawai, N -- Kelly, H -- Kennea, J -- Kerr, M -- Kippen, R M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocevski, D -- Kocian, M L -- Komin, N -- Kouveliotou, C -- Kuehn, F -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Landriu, D -- Larsson, S -- Latronico, L -- Lavalley, C -- Lee, B -- Lee, S-H -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Lichti, G G -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Marangelli, B -- Mazziotta, M N -- McBreen, S -- McEnery, J E -- McGlynn, S -- Meegan, C -- Meszaros, P -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Minuti, M -- Mirizzi, N -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Moretti, E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Nelson, D -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Okumura, A -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Ozaki, M -- Paciesas, W S -- Paneque, D -- Panetta, J H -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Perri, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Petrosian, V -- Pinchera, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Preece, R -- Raino, S -- Ramirez-Ruiz, E -- Rando, R -- Rapposelli, E -- Razzano, M -- Razzaque, S -- Rea, N -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Reyes, L C -- Ritz, S -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Roth, M -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sanchez, D -- Sander, A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Scargle, J D -- Schalk, T L -- Segal, K N -- Sgro, C -- Shimokawabe, T -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Stamatikos, M -- Starck, J-L -- Stecker, F W -- Steinle, H -- Stephens, T E -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Tagliaferri, G -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Tenze, A -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Turri, M -- Tuvi, S -- Usher, T L -- van der Horst, A J -- Vigiani, L -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- von Kienlin, A -- Waite, A P -- Williams, D A -- Wilson-Hodge, C -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Wu, X F -- Yamazaki, R -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1688-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1169101. Epub 2009 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19228997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The accretion of matter onto a massive black hole is believed to feed the relativistic plasma jets found in many active galactic nuclei (AGN). Although some AGN accelerate particles to energies exceeding 10(12) electron volts and are bright sources of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission, it is not yet known where the VHE emission originates. Here we report on radio and VHE observations of the radio galaxy Messier 87, revealing a period of extremely strong VHE gamma-ray flares accompanied by a strong increase of the radio flux from its nucleus. These results imply that charged particles are accelerated to very high energies in the immediate vicinity of the black hole.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉VERITAS Collaboration -- VLBA 43 GHz M87 Monitoring Team -- H.E.S.S. Collaboration -- MAGIC Collaboration -- Acciari, V A -- Aliu, E -- Arlen, T -- Bautista, M -- Beilicke, M -- Benbow, W -- Bradbury, S M -- Buckley, J H -- Bugaev, V -- Butt, Y -- Byrum, K -- Cannon, A -- Celik, O -- Cesarini, A -- Chow, Y C -- Ciupik, L -- Cogan, P -- Cui, W -- Dickherber, R -- Fegan, S J -- Finley, J P -- Fortin, P -- Fortson, L -- Furniss, A -- Gall, D -- Gillanders, G H -- Grube, J -- Guenette, R -- Gyuk, G -- Hanna, D -- Holder, J -- Horan, D -- Hui, C M -- Humensky, T B -- Imran, A -- Kaaret, P -- Karlsson, N -- Kieda, D -- Kildea, J -- Konopelko, A -- Krawczynski, H -- Krennrich, F -- Lang, M J -- LeBohec, S -- Maier, G -- McCann, A -- McCutcheon, M -- Millis, J -- Moriarty, P -- Ong, R A -- Otte, A N -- Pandel, D -- Perkins, J S -- Petry, D -- Pohl, M -- Quinn, J -- Ragan, K -- Reyes, L C -- Reynolds, P T -- Roache, E -- Rose, H J -- Schroedter, M -- Sembroski, G H -- Smith, A W -- Swordy, S P -- Theiling, M -- Toner, J A -- Varlotta, A -- Vincent, S -- Wakely, S P -- Ward, J E -- Weekes, T C -- Weinstein, A -- Williams, D A -- Wissel, S -- Wood, M -- Walker, R C -- Davies, F -- Hardee, P E -- Junor, W -- Ly, C -- Aharonian, F -- Akhperjanian, A G -- Anton, G -- Barres de Almeida, U -- Bazer-Bachi, A R -- Becherini, Y -- Behera, B -- Bernlohr, K -- Bochow, A -- Boisson, C -- Bolmont, J -- Borrel, V -- Brucker, J -- Brun, F -- Brun, P -- Buhler, R -- Bulik, T -- Busching, I -- Boutelier, T -- Chadwick, P M -- Charbonnier, A -- Chaves, R C G -- Cheesebrough, A -- Chounet, L-M -- Clapson, A C -- Coignet, G -- Dalton, M -- Daniel, M K -- Davids, I D -- Degrange, B -- Deil, C -- Dickinson, H J -- Djannati-Atai, A -- Domainko, W -- Drury, L O'C -- Dubois, F -- Dubus, G -- Dyks, J -- Dyrda, M -- Egberts, K -- Emmanoulopoulos, D -- Espigat, P -- Farnier, C -- Feinstein, F -- Fiasson, A -- Forster, A -- Fontaine, G -- Fussling, M -- Gabici, S -- Gallant, Y A -- Gerard, L -- Gerbig, D -- Giebels, B -- Glicenstein, J F -- Gluck, B -- Goret, P -- Gohring, D -- Hauser, D -- Hauser, M -- Heinz, S -- Heinzelmann, G -- Henri, G -- Hermann, G -- Hinton, J A -- Hoffmann, A -- Hofmann, W -- Holleran, M -- Hoppe, S -- Horns, D -- Jacholkowska, A -- de Jager, O C -- Jahn, C -- Jung, I -- Katarzynski, K -- Katz, U -- Kaufmann, S -- Kendziorra, E -- Kerschhaggl, M -- Khangulyan, D -- Khelifi, B -- Keogh, D -- Kluzniak, W -- Kneiske, T -- Komin, Nu -- Kosack, K -- Lamanna, G -- Lenain, J-P -- Lohse, T -- Marandon, V -- Martin, J M -- Martineau-Huynh, O -- Marcowith, A -- Maurin, D -- McComb, T J L -- Medina, M C -- Moderski, R -- Moulin, E -- Naumann-Godo, M -- de Naurois, M -- Nedbal, D -- Nekrassov, D -- Nicholas, B -- Niemiec, J -- Nolan, S J -- Ohm, S -- Olive, J-F -- de Ona Wilhelmi, E -- Orford, K J -- Ostrowski, M -- Panter, M -- Paz Arribas, M -- Pedaletti, G -- Pelletier, G -- Petrucci, P-O -- Pita, S -- Puhlhofer, G -- Punch, M -- Quirrenbach, A -- Raubenheimer, B C -- Raue, M -- Rayner, S M -- Renaud, M -- Rieger, F -- Ripken, J -- Rob, L -- Rosier-Lees, S -- Rowell, G -- Rudak, B -- Rulten, C B -- Ruppel, J -- Sahakian, V -- Santangelo, A -- Schlickeiser, R -- Schock, F M -- Schroder, R -- Schwanke, U -- Schwarzburg, S -- Schwemmer, S -- Shalchi, A -- Sikora, M -- Skilton, J L -- Sol, H -- Spangler, D -- Stawarz, L -- Steenkamp, R -- Stegmann, C -- Stinzing, F -- Superina, G -- Szostek, A -- Tam, P H -- Tavernet, J-P -- Terrier, R -- Tibolla, O -- Tluczykont, M -- van Eldik, C -- Vasileiadis, G -- Venter, C -- Venter, L -- Vialle, J P -- Vincent, P -- Vivier, M -- Volk, H J -- Volpe, F -- Wagner, S J -- Ward, M -- Zdziarski, A A -- Zech, A -- Anderhub, H -- Antonelli, L A -- Antoranz, P -- Backes, M -- Baixeras, C -- Balestra, S -- Barrio, J A -- Bastieri, D -- Becerra Gonzalez, J -- Becker, J K -- Bednarek, W -- Berger, K -- Bernardini, E -- Biland, A -- Bock, R K -- Bonnoli, G -- Bordas, P -- Borla Tridon, D -- Bosch-Ramon, V -- Bose, D -- Braun, I -- Bretz, T -- Britvitch, I -- Camara, M -- Carmona, E -- Commichau, S -- Contreras, J L -- Cortina, J -- Costado, M T -- Covino, S -- Curtef, V -- Dazzi, F -- De Angelis, A -- De Cea del Pozo, E -- Delgado Mendez, C -- De los Reyes, R -- De Lotto, B -- De Maria, M -- De Sabata, F -- Dominguez, A -- Dorner, D -- Doro, M -- Elsaesser, D -- Errando, M -- Ferenc, D -- Fernandez, E -- Firpo, R -- Fonseca, M V -- Font, L -- Galante, N -- Garcia Lopez, R J -- Garczarczyk, M -- Gaug, M -- Goebel, F -- Hadasch, D -- Hayashida, M -- Herrero, A -- Hildebrand, D -- Hohne-Monch, D -- Hose, J -- Hsu, C C -- Jogler, T -- Kranich, D -- La Barbera, A -- Laille, A -- Leonardo, E -- Lindfors, E -- Lombardi, S -- Longo, F -- Lopez, M -- Lorenz, E -- Majumdar, P -- Maneva, G -- Mankuzhiyil, N -- Mannheim, K -- Maraschi, L -- Mariotti, M -- Martinez, M -- Mazin, D -- Meucci, M -- Miranda, J M -- Mirzoyan, R -- Miyamoto, H -- Moldon, J -- Moles, M -- Moralejo, A -- Nieto, D -- Nilsson, K -- Ninkovic, J -- Oya, I -- Paoletti, R -- Paredes, J M -- Pasanen, M -- Pascoli, D -- Pauss, F -- Pegna, R G -- Perez-Torres, M A -- Persic, M -- Peruzzo, L -- Prada, F -- Prandini, E -- Puchades, N -- Reichardt, I -- Rhode, W -- Ribo, M -- Rico, J -- Rissi, M -- Robert, A -- Rugamer, S -- Saggion, A -- Saito, T Y -- Salvati, M -- Sanchez-Conde, M -- Satalecka, K -- Scalzotto, V -- Scapin, V -- Schweizer, T -- Shayduk, M -- Shore, S N -- Sidro, N -- Sierpowska-Bartosik, A -- Sillanpaa, A -- Sitarek, J -- Sobczynska, D -- Spanier, F -- Stamerra, A -- Stark, L S -- Takalo, L -- Tavecchio, F -- Temnikov, P -- Tescaro, D -- Teshima, M -- Torres, D F -- Turini, N -- Vankov, H -- Wagner, R M -- Zabalza, V -- Zandanel, F -- Zanin, R -- Zapatero, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):444-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1175406. Epub 2009 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159423/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159423/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sea Urchin Genome Sequencing Consortium -- Sodergren, Erica -- Weinstock, George M -- Davidson, Eric H -- Cameron, R Andrew -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Angerer, Robert C -- Angerer, Lynne M -- Arnone, Maria Ina -- Burgess, David R -- Burke, Robert D -- Coffman, James A -- Dean, Michael -- Elphick, Maurice R -- Ettensohn, Charles A -- Foltz, Kathy R -- Hamdoun, Amro -- Hynes, Richard O -- Klein, William H -- Marzluff, William -- McClay, David R -- Morris, Robert L -- Mushegian, Arcady -- Rast, Jonathan P -- Smith, L Courtney -- Thorndyke, Michael C -- Vacquier, Victor D -- Wessel, Gary M -- Wray, Greg -- Zhang, Lan -- Elsik, Christine G -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Hlavina, Wratko -- Hofmann, Gretchen -- Kitts, Paul -- Landrum, Melissa J -- Mackey, Aaron J -- Maglott, Donna -- Panopoulou, Georgia -- Poustka, Albert J -- Pruitt, Kim -- Sapojnikov, Victor -- Song, Xingzhi -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Solovyev, Victor -- Wei, Zheng -- Whittaker, Charles A -- Worley, Kim -- Durbin, K James -- Shen, Yufeng -- Fedrigo, Olivier -- Garfield, David -- Haygood, Ralph -- Primus, Alexander -- Satija, Rahul -- Severson, Tonya -- Gonzalez-Garay, Manuel L -- Jackson, Andrew R -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Tong, Mark -- Killian, Christopher E -- Livingston, Brian T -- Wilt, Fred H -- Adams, Nikki -- Belle, Robert -- Carbonneau, Seth -- Cheung, Rocky -- Cormier, Patrick -- Cosson, Bertrand -- Croce, Jenifer -- Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio -- Geneviere, Anne-Marie -- Goel, Manisha -- Kelkar, Hemant -- Morales, Julia -- Mulner-Lorillon, Odile -- Robertson, Anthony J -- Goldstone, Jared V -- Cole, Bryan -- Epel, David -- Gold, Bert -- Hahn, Mark E -- Howard-Ashby, Meredith -- Scally, Mark -- Stegeman, John J -- Allgood, Erin L -- Cool, Jonah -- Judkins, Kyle M -- McCafferty, Shawn S -- Musante, Ashlan M -- Obar, Robert A -- Rawson, Amanda P -- Rossetti, Blair J -- Gibbons, Ian R -- Hoffman, Matthew P -- Leone, Andrew -- Istrail, Sorin -- Materna, Stefan C -- Samanta, Manoj P -- Stolc, Viktor -- Tongprasit, Waraporn -- Tu, Qiang -- Bergeron, Karl-Frederik -- Brandhorst, Bruce P -- Whittle, James -- Berney, Kevin -- Bottjer, David J -- Calestani, Cristina -- Peterson, Kevin -- Chow, Elly -- Yuan, Qiu Autumn -- Elhaik, Eran -- Graur, Dan -- Reese, Justin T -- Bosdet, Ian -- Heesun, Shin -- Marra, Marco A -- Schein, Jacqueline -- Anderson, Michele K -- Brockton, Virginia -- Buckley, Katherine M -- Cohen, Avis H -- Fugmann, Sebastian D -- Hibino, Taku -- Loza-Coll, Mariano -- Majeske, Audrey J -- Messier, Cynthia -- Nair, Sham V -- Pancer, Zeev -- Terwilliger, David P -- Agca, Cavit -- Arboleda, Enrique -- Chen, Nansheng -- Churcher, Allison M -- Hallbook, F -- Humphrey, Glen W -- Idris, Mohammed M -- Kiyama, Takae -- Liang, Shuguang -- Mellott, Dan -- Mu, Xiuqian -- Murray, Greg -- Olinski, Robert P -- Raible, Florian -- Rowe, Matthew -- Taylor, John S -- Tessmar-Raible, Kristin -- Wang, D -- Wilson, Karen H -- Yaguchi, Shunsuke -- Gaasterland, Terry -- Galindo, Blanca E -- Gunaratne, Herath J -- Juliano, Celina -- Kinukawa, Masashi -- Moy, Gary W -- Neill, Anna T -- Nomura, Mamoru -- Raisch, Michael -- Reade, Anna -- Roux, Michelle M -- Song, Jia L -- Su, Yi-Hsien -- Townley, Ian K -- Voronina, Ekaterina -- Wong, Julian L -- Amore, Gabriele -- Branno, Margherita -- Brown, Euan R -- Cavalieri, Vincenzo -- Duboc, Veronique -- Duloquin, Louise -- Flytzanis, Constantin -- Gache, Christian -- Lapraz, Francois -- Lepage, Thierry -- Locascio, Annamaria -- Martinez, Pedro -- Matassi, Giorgio -- Matranga, Valeria -- Range, Ryan -- Rizzo, Francesca -- Rottinger, Eric -- Beane, Wendy -- Bradham, Cynthia -- Byrum, Christine -- Glenn, Tom -- Hussain, Sofia -- Manning, Gerard -- Miranda, Esther -- Thomason, Rebecca -- Walton, Katherine -- Wikramanayke, Athula -- Wu, Shu-Yu -- Xu, Ronghui -- Brown, C Titus -- Chen, Lili -- Gray, Rachel F -- Lee, Pei Yun -- Nam, Jongmin -- Oliveri, Paola -- Smith, Joel -- Muzny, Donna -- Bell, Stephanie -- Chacko, Joseph -- Cree, Andrew -- Curry, Stacey -- Davis, Clay -- Dinh, Huyen -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fowler, Jerry -- Gill, Rachel -- Hamilton, Cerrissa -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jackson, Laronda -- Jolivet, Angela -- Kovar, Christie -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora -- Miner, George -- Morgan, Margaret -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey -- Parker, David -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Thorn, Rachel -- Wright, Rita -- 2P42 ESO7381/PHS HHS/ -- 5 U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- EY11930/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 ESO12794/PHS HHS/ -- F32 HD047136/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD047136-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD047136-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32-HD47136/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- GM058231/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM070840/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61005/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61464/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-37105/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD039948/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD14483/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD66219/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES006272/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES006272-13/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070840/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD028152/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01ES006272/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R37-HD12896/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-15044/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- S19916/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- T32 GM007601/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):941-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Microquasars are accreting black holes or neutron stars in binary systems with associated relativistic jets. Despite their frequent outburst activity, they have never been unambiguously detected emitting high-energy gamma rays. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has detected a variable high-energy source coinciding with the position of the x-ray binary and microquasar Cygnus X-3. Its identification with Cygnus X-3 is secured by the detection of its orbital period in gamma rays, as well as the correlation of the LAT flux with radio emission from the relativistic jets of Cygnus X-3. The gamma-ray emission probably originates from within the binary system, opening new areas in which to study the formation of relativistic jets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fermi LAT Collaboration -- Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Axelsson, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Bastieri, D -- Baughman, B M -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burnett, T H -- Buson, S -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Chaty, S -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Cominsky, L R -- Conrad, J -- Corbel, S -- Corbet, R -- Dermer, C D -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dubus, G -- Dumora, D -- Farnier, C -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Focke, W B -- Fortin, P -- Frailis, M -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giavitto, G -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hill, A B -- Hjalmarsdotter, L -- Horan, D -- Hughes, R E -- Jackson, M S -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kawai, N -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocian, M L -- Koerding, E -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Marchand, L -- Marelli, M -- Max-Moerbeck, W -- Mazziotta, M N -- McColl, N -- McEnery, J E -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Migliari, S -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohsugi, T -- Omodei, N -- Ong, R A -- Ormes, J F -- Paneque, D -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Piron, F -- Pooley, G -- Porter, T A -- Pottschmidt, K -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Ray, P S -- Razzano, M -- Rea, N -- Readhead, A -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Richards, J L -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, J -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Romani, R W -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sander, A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spinelli, P -- Starck, J-L -- Stevenson, M -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Takahashi, H -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J B -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Tomsick, J A -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Uchiyama, Y -- Usher, T L -- Vasileiou, V -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- Waite, A P -- Wang, P -- Wilms, J -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1512-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1182174. Epub .〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: We report an improved draft nucleotide sequence of the 2.3-gigabase genome of maize, an important crop plant and model for biological research. Over 32,000 genes were predicted, of which 99.8% were placed on reference chromosomes. Nearly 85% of the genome is composed of hundreds of families of transposable elements, dispersed nonuniformly across the genome. These were responsible for the capture and amplification of numerous gene fragments and affect the composition, sizes, and positions of centromeres. We also report on the correlation of methylation-poor regions with Mu transposon insertions and recombination, and copy number variants with insertions and/or deletions, as well as how uneven gene losses between duplicated regions were involved in returning an ancient allotetraploid to a genetically diploid state. These analyses inform and set the stage for further investigations to improve our understanding of the domestication and agricultural improvements of maize.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schnable, Patrick S -- Ware, Doreen -- Fulton, Robert S -- Stein, Joshua C -- Wei, Fusheng -- Pasternak, Shiran -- Liang, Chengzhi -- Zhang, Jianwei -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Graves, Tina A -- Minx, Patrick -- Reily, Amy Denise -- Courtney, Laura -- Kruchowski, Scott S -- Tomlinson, Chad -- Strong, Cindy -- Delehaunty, Kim -- Fronick, Catrina -- Courtney, Bill -- Rock, Susan M -- Belter, Eddie -- Du, Feiyu -- Kim, Kyung -- Abbott, Rachel M -- Cotton, Marc -- Levy, Andy -- Marchetto, Pamela -- Ochoa, Kerri -- Jackson, Stephanie M -- Gillam, Barbara -- Chen, Weizu -- Yan, Le -- Higginbotham, Jamey -- Cardenas, Marco -- Waligorski, Jason -- Applebaum, Elizabeth -- Phelps, Lindsey -- Falcone, Jason -- Kanchi, Krishna -- Thane, Thynn -- Scimone, Adam -- Thane, Nay -- Henke, Jessica -- Wang, Tom -- Ruppert, Jessica -- Shah, Neha -- Rotter, Kelsi -- Hodges, Jennifer -- Ingenthron, Elizabeth -- Cordes, Matt -- Kohlberg, Sara -- Sgro, Jennifer -- Delgado, Brandon -- Mead, Kelly -- Chinwalla, Asif -- Leonard, Shawn -- Crouse, Kevin -- Collura, Kristi -- Kudrna, Dave -- Currie, Jennifer -- He, Ruifeng -- Angelova, Angelina -- Rajasekar, Shanmugam -- Mueller, Teri -- Lomeli, Rene -- Scara, Gabriel -- Ko, Ara -- Delaney, Krista -- Wissotski, Marina -- Lopez, Georgina -- Campos, David -- Braidotti, Michele -- Ashley, Elizabeth -- Golser, Wolfgang -- Kim, HyeRan -- Lee, Seunghee -- Lin, Jinke -- Dujmic, Zeljko -- Kim, Woojin -- Talag, Jayson -- Zuccolo, Andrea -- Fan, Chuanzhu -- Sebastian, Aswathy -- Kramer, Melissa -- Spiegel, Lori -- Nascimento, Lidia -- Zutavern, Theresa -- Miller, Beth -- Ambroise, Claude -- Muller, Stephanie -- Spooner, Will -- Narechania, Apurva -- Ren, Liya -- Wei, Sharon -- Kumari, Sunita -- Faga, Ben -- Levy, Michael J -- McMahan, Linda -- Van Buren, Peter -- Vaughn, Matthew W -- Ying, Kai -- Yeh, Cheng-Ting -- Emrich, Scott J -- Jia, Yi -- Kalyanaraman, Ananth -- Hsia, An-Ping -- Barbazuk, W Brad -- Baucom, Regina S -- Brutnell, Thomas P -- Carpita, Nicholas C -- Chaparro, Cristian -- Chia, Jer-Ming -- Deragon, Jean-Marc -- Estill, James C -- Fu, Yan -- Jeddeloh, Jeffrey A -- Han, Yujun -- Lee, Hyeran -- Li, Pinghua -- Lisch, Damon R -- Liu, Sanzhen -- Liu, Zhijie -- Nagel, Dawn Holligan -- McCann, Maureen C -- SanMiguel, Phillip -- Myers, Alan M -- Nettleton, Dan -- Nguyen, John -- Penning, Bryan W -- Ponnala, Lalit -- Schneider, Kevin L -- Schwartz, David C -- Sharma, Anupma -- Soderlund, Carol -- Springer, Nathan M -- Sun, Qi -- Wang, Hao -- Waterman, Michael -- Westerman, Richard -- Wolfgruber, Thomas K -- Yang, Lixing -- Yu, Yeisoo -- Zhang, Lifang -- Zhou, Shiguo -- Zhu, Qihui -- Bennetzen, Jeffrey L -- Dawe, R Kelly -- Jiang, Jiming -- Jiang, Ning -- Presting, Gernot G -- Wessler, Susan R -- Aluru, Srinivas -- Martienssen, Robert A -- Clifton, Sandra W -- McCombie, W Richard -- Wing, Rod A -- Wilson, Richard K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1112-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1178534.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Plant Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Energetic young pulsars and expanding blast waves [supernova remnants (SNRs)] are the most visible remains after massive stars, ending their lives, explode in core-collapse supernovae. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has unveiled a radio quiet pulsar located near the center of the compact synchrotron nebula inside the supernova remnant CTA 1. The pulsar, discovered through its gamma-ray pulsations, has a period of 316.86 milliseconds and a period derivative of 3.614 x 10(-13) seconds per second. Its characteristic age of 10(4) years is comparable to that estimated for the SNR. We speculate that most unidentified Galactic gamma-ray sources associated with star-forming regions and SNRs are such young pulsars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Atwood, W B -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Baughman, B M -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bogaert, G -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burnett, T H -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Carlson, P -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Charles, E -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Cominsky, L R -- Conrad, J -- Cutini, S -- Davis, D S -- Dermer, C D -- de Angelis, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Dormody, M -- do Couto E Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Edmonds, Y -- Farnier, C -- Focke, W B -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Harding, A K -- Hartman, R C -- Hays, E -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Kanai, Y -- Kanbach, G -- Katagiri, H -- Kawai, N -- Kerr, M -- Kishishita, T -- Kiziltan, B -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocian, M L -- Komin, N -- Kuehn, F -- Kuss, M -- Latronico, L -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Lonjou, V -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Makeev, A -- Marelli, M -- Mazziotta, M N -- McEnery, J E -- McGlynn, S -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Mineo, T -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Nolan, P L -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Okumura, A -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Ozaki, M -- Paneque, D -- Panetta, J H -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Piano, G -- Pieri, L -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Ray, P S -- Razzano, M -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ritz, S -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Romani, R W -- Roth, M -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sanchez, D -- Sander, A -- Parkinson, P M Saz -- Schalk, T L -- Sellerholm, A -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Starck, J-L -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Thompson, D J -- Thorsett, S E -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Usher, T L -- Van Etten, A -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- Wang, P -- Watters, K -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Yasuda, H -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1218-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1165572. Epub 2008 Oct 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18927355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an abundant primate species that diverged from the ancestors of Homo sapiens about 25 million years ago. Because they are genetically and physiologically similar to humans, rhesus monkeys are the most widely used nonhuman primate in basic and applied biomedical research. We determined the genome sequence of an Indian-origin Macaca mulatta female and compared the data with chimpanzees and humans to reveal the structure of ancestral primate genomes and to identify evidence for positive selection and lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families. A comparison of sequences from individual animals was used to investigate their underlying genetic diversity. The complete description of the macaque genome blueprint enhances the utility of this animal model for biomedical research and improves our understanding of the basic biology of the species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Rogers, Jeffrey -- Katze, Michael G -- Bumgarner, Roger -- Weinstock, George M -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Remington, Karin A -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Venter, J Craig -- Wilson, Richard K -- Batzer, Mark A -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Eichler, Evan E -- Hahn, Matthew W -- Hardison, Ross C -- Makova, Kateryna D -- Miller, Webb -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Palermo, Robert E -- Siepel, Adam -- Sikela, James M -- Attaway, Tony -- Bell, Stephanie -- Bernard, Kelly E -- Buhay, Christian J -- Chandrabose, Mimi N -- Dao, Marvin -- Davis, Clay -- Delehaunty, Kimberly D -- Ding, Yan -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fulton, Lucinda A -- Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha -- Garner, Toni T -- Godfrey, Jennifer -- Hawes, Alicia C -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Holder, Michael -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Khan, Ziad Mohid -- Kirkness, Ewen F -- Cree, Andrew -- Fowler, R Gerald -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora R -- Li, Zhangwan -- Liu, Yih-Shin -- Moore, Stephanie M -- Muzny, Donna -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Ngo, Dinh Ngoc -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Pai, Grace -- Parker, David -- Paul, Heidie A -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Pohl, Craig S -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Ruiz, San Juana -- Sabo, Aniko -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Schneider, Brian W -- Smith, Scott M -- Sodergren, Erica -- Svatek, Amanda F -- Utterback, Teresa R -- Vattathil, Selina -- Warren, Wesley -- White, Courtney Sherell -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Feng, Yucheng -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Hillier, Ladeana W -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Minx, Pat -- Nelson, Joanne O -- Pepin, Kymberlie H -- Qin, Xiang -- Sutton, Granger G -- Venter, Eli -- Walenz, Brian P -- Wallis, John W -- Worley, Kim C -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Jones, Steven M -- Marra, Marco A -- Rocchi, Mariano -- Schein, Jacqueline E -- Baertsch, Robert -- Clarke, Laura -- Csuros, Miklos -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Harris, R Alan -- Havlak, Paul -- Jackson, Andrew R -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Liu, Yue -- Messina, David N -- Shen, Yufeng -- Song, Henry Xing-Zhi -- Wylie, Todd -- Zhang, Lan -- Birney, Ewan -- Han, Kyudong -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Lee, Jungnam -- Smit, Arian F A -- Ullmer, Brygg -- Wang, Hui -- Xing, Jinchuan -- Burhans, Richard -- Cheng, Ze -- Karro, John E -- Ma, Jian -- Raney, Brian -- She, Xinwei -- Cox, Michael J -- Demuth, Jeffery P -- Dumas, Laura J -- Han, Sang-Gook -- Hopkins, Janet -- Karimpour-Fard, Anis -- Kim, Young H -- Pollack, Jonathan R -- Vinar, Tomas -- Addo-Quaye, Charles -- Degenhardt, Jeremiah -- Denby, Alexandra -- Hubisz, Melissa J -- Indap, Amit -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Lahn, Bruce T -- Lawson, Heather A -- Marklein, Alison -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Vallender, Eric J -- Clark, Andrew G -- Ferguson, Betsy -- Hernandez, Ryan D -- Hirani, Kashif -- Kehrer-Sawatzki, Hildegard -- Kolb, Jessica -- Patil, Shobha -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Ren, Yanru -- Smith, David Glenn -- Wheeler, David A -- Schenck, Ian -- Ball, Edward V -- Chen, Rui -- Cooper, David N -- Giardine, Belinda -- Hsu, Fan -- Kent, W James -- Lesk, Arthur -- Nelson, David L -- O'brien, William E -- Prufer, Kay -- Stenson, Peter D -- Wallace, James C -- Ke, Hui -- Liu, Xiao-Ming -- Wang, Peng -- Xiang, Andy Peng -- Yang, Fan -- Barber, Galt P -- Haussler, David -- Karolchik, Donna -- Kern, Andy D -- Kuhn, Robert M -- Smith, Kayla E -- Zwieg, Ann S -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003068/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):222-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agibbs@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Pulsars are born with subsecond spin periods and slow by electromagnetic braking for several tens of millions of years, when detectable radiation ceases. A second life can occur for neutron stars in binary systems. They can acquire mass and angular momentum from their companions, to be spun up to millisecond periods and begin radiating again. We searched Fermi Large Area Telescope data for pulsations from all known millisecond pulsars (MSPs) outside of globular clusters, using rotation parameters from radio telescopes. Strong gamma-ray pulsations were detected for eight MSPs. The gamma-ray pulse profiles and spectral properties resemble those of young gamma-ray pulsars. The basic emission mechanism seems to be the same for MSPs and young pulsars, with the emission originating in regions far from the neutron star surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Atwood, W B -- Axelsson, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Baughman, B M -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Bignami, G F -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burnett, T H -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Camilo, F -- Caraveo, P A -- Carlson, P -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Charles, E -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cognard, I -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Cominsky, L R -- Conrad, J -- Corbet, R -- Cutini, S -- Dermer, C D -- Desvignes, G -- de Angelis, A -- de Luca, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Dormody, M -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Edmonds, Y -- Farnier, C -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Focke, W B -- Frailis, M -- Freire, P C C -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M H -- Grove, J E -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hobbs, G -- Hughes, R E -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Johnston, S -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kawai, N -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocian, M L -- Kramer, M -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Manchester, R N -- Marelli, M -- Mazziotta, M N -- McConville, W -- McEnery, J E -- McLaughlin, M A -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohsugi, T -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Paneque, D -- Panetta, J H -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Ransom, S M -- Ray, P S -- Razzano, M -- Rea, N -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ritz, S -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Romani, R W -- Roth, M -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F W -- Sanchez, D -- Sander, A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Scargle, J D -- Schalk, T L -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Stappers, B W -- Starck, J L -- Striani, E -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Theureau, G -- Thompson, D J -- Thorsett, S E -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Uchiyama, Y -- Usher, T L -- Van Etten, A -- Vasileiou, V -- Venter, C -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- Waite, A P -- Wallace, E -- Wang, P -- Watters, K -- Webb, N -- Weltevrede, P -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):848-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1176113.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory,Washington, DC 20375, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉