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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1610-1615 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electrical activation characteristics of Si+ and Be+ ions implanted into InGaAsP (λ=1.3 μm) grown lattice matched to InP by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy were studied as a function of ion dose (5×1012–5×1014 cm−2), annealing time (3–60 s) and annealing temperature (575–750 °C). Maximum doping concentrations of ∼2×1019 cm−3 were obtained for both Si+ and Be+, with activation energies for electrical activation of 0.58 and 0.39 eV, respectively. Multiple energy F+ or H+ implants can be used to produce high resistance layers for isolation purposes—maximum sheet resistances of ∼8×106 Ω/(D'Alembertian) or ∼106 Ω/(D'Alembertian) for initially p+ or n+ InGaAsP, respectively, were obtained for F+ implants followed by annealing near 450 °C. Smooth, anisotropic dry etching of the InGaAsP is obtained with electron cyclotron resonance CH4/H2/Ar discharges at low dc biases. The etch rates are the same for both n+ and p+ quaternary layers and are independent of the doping level.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2283-2287 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the use of tri-isobutylgallium (TIBG) and tri-isopropylgallium (TIPG) for growth of InGaP on GaAs by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy. In particular, we have explored the effect of growth temperature on carbon background and lattice constant. The incorporation rate of carbon was found to decrease with increasing temperature while that for Ga was found to increase. Both trends suggest enhanced alkyl-Ga decomposition with increased temperature similar to that observed for growth with triethylgallium (TEG). The variation in composition with growth temperature was, however, reduced for TIBG and TIPG relative to previous reports using TEG. Measured lattice constant varied linearly with TMI flow up to a value of ∼5.675 A(ring). The band gap was found to vary discontinuously with lattice constant suggesting enhanced ordering in Ga-rich layers. Finally, Sn doping from tetraethyltin was shown to vary linearly with TESn flux provided the combination of low V/III ratios and Ga-rich compositions was avoided.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1219-1223 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fabrication of high-quality Pnp heterojunction bipolar transistors has traditionally been difficult due to the inability to achieve and confine high p- and n-type doping levels using common dopants such as Be and Si. In this paper we discuss how carbon and tin can be incorporated during growth by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy in order to produce Pnp structures. In particular it has been found that carbon introduced from trimethylgallium can be used to produce abrupt, thermally stable profiles in AlGaAs and that incorporation at concentrations up to mid-1019 cm−3 does not adversely affect the optical or structural quality of the material. In addition, we have found that the use of tetraethyltin (TESn) for tin doping of the GaAs base layer allows for higher doping and better confinement of the dopant than can be obtained with elemental Sn. Consequently, large-area (90-μm diameter) Pnp transistors fabricated from material grown with TESn show higher gain than those grown with elemental tin, in spite of the higher base dopant concentration. The gain obtained with TESn, 45, is the highest yet reported for an abrupt-junction, uniformly-doped Pnp structure. Furthermore, because of the low parasitic resistances which result from the use of carbon and tin doping, the I–V characteristics obtained in this study show superior performance relative to previously published reports.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1010-1013 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A single-energy, implant isolation scheme for thick (≥1.5 μm) III-V semiconductor device structures such as heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is described. A 5-MeV O+ implant at doses around 1015 cm−2 produces an almost uniform damage profile over ∼2 μm, sufficient to isolate structures containing highly doped (p=7×1019 cm−3) individual layers. The heavily damaged region associated with the end of the O+ ions range is placed in the underlying semi-insulating substrate. Resistivities above 108 Ω/(D'Alembertian) are obtained in GaAs/AlGaAs HBTs with such an implant, following annealing at ∼550 °C. High-quality, 2×5 μm2 HBTs with gains of 25 for base doping of 7×1019 cm−3 have been fabricated using this isolation scheme. A considerable simplification is achieved over the use of conventional keV implants, where up to ten separate ion energies are required to isolate an HBT structure.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The implant isolation characteristics of highly doped n- and p-type GaAs epitaxial layers implanted with 5 MeV O+ ions are reported. High (∼108 Ω/(D'Alembertian)) sheet resistances are obtained in such layers following annealing at 550–600 °C for ion doses around 1015 cm−2. The residual conductivity is still due to hopping processes with small activation (50–70 meV) energies. The use of a single MeV O+ implant considerably simplifies the isolation of GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) structures relative to the usual multiple-implant keV energy scheme. Small geometry (2×5 μm2) HBTs with gains of 25 for highly-doped (p=7×1019 cm−3) base layer structures have been fabricated using MeV implant isolation.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 2885-2886 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A high performance GaAs p-metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) using carbon as the p-dopant is demonstrated. The channel and contact layers were grown by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE). The cap contact layer was highly doped with carbon (5×1020 cm−3) in order to minimize the parasitic resistance in the FET structure. The sheet resistivity and transfer resistance of the contacts were 220 Ω/(D'Alembertian) and 0.2 Ω mm, respectively. These are comparable to values achieved on n-type GaAs. The room temperature extrinsic transconductance and K-factor values were 50 mS/mm and 165 mS/V⋅mm with 1 μm gate length and 3.5 μm source-to-drain spacings. These are the highest room temperature values ever demonstrated for p-GaAs MESFET.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The simultaneous formation of buried external collector and extrinsic base regions in GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) structures by co-implantation of Be+ together with O+ or H+ ions is described. Oxygen implants at doses of ≥ 1012 cm−2, or proton implants at doses ≥ 1014 cm−2, followed by annealing at 500–550 °C, create fully depleted collector regions, while similar anneals lead to significant Be activation and lowered base resistance. Higher annealing temperatures improve this Be activation but restore the initial doping level in the implanted collector region. For Be+ ion doses ≤ 5≤5× 1014 cm−2 there are no defects visible by transmission electron microscopy in the HBT structure for annealing temperatures below 800 °C.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 4800-4804 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The diode ideality factor, reverse breakdown voltage, and forward current characteristic were used to measure the effect on electric performance of GaAs rectifiers deposited with thin films of SiNx. Over a broad range of deposition conditions there were minimal changes (〈10%) in breakdown voltage and the cause was hydrogen passivation of Si dopants in the GaAs. Ion-induced damage did not appear to play a significant role in the results. The ideality factors and forward leakage currents were essentially unchanged by the SiNx deposition indicating that the plasma exposure did not create defects states around the periphery of the Schottky contact. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1210-1215 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion milling of thin-film GaN, InN, AlN, and InGaN was performed with 100–500 eV Ar+ ions at beam angles of incidence ranging from 0° to 75° from normal incidence. The mill rates normalized to the Ar+ beam current for the single-crystal GaN, AlN, and InGaN were typically a factor of 2 lower than for GaAs and InP. For the polycrystalline InN, the mill rates were similar to those of GaAs and InP. The surface morphology of the ion-milled nitrides was smooth even at 500 eV Ar+ energy, with no evidence for preferential sputtering of the N, a result confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy. The surface region was not amorphized by extended ion milling (35 min) at 500 eV with the samples held at 10 °C, as determined by Rutherford backscattering. Since the ion mill rates are slow for single-crystal nitrides and less than the mill rates of common masking materials (SiO2, SiNx, photoresist) it appears this technique is useful only for shallow-mesa applications, and that dry etching methods involving an additional chemical component or ion implantation isolation are more practical alternatives for device patterning.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 3076-3082 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of sulfur passivation on the surface composition of In0.53Ga0.47As(001) was investigated with photoluminescence (PL) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Films of In0.53Ga0.47As(001), epitaxially grown on InP(100) substrates, were S passivated using a dry electron cyclotron resonance (ECR)-plasma deposition process and were either passivated as-prepared, or exposed to a BCl3 pre-etch prior to passivation. In the spectral range from 1450 to 1750 nm, S passivation enhances the PL yield by approximately an order of magnitude. XPS shows that S binds both to In and As, although preferably to In, and that oxidation is essentially eliminated by the passivation process. The In–S bonds are more stable upon annealing than are the As–S bonds. Furthermore, the pre-etched+H2S treatment enhances the PL yield beyond that of the H2S passivation treatment alone and produces a higher ratio of In–S to As–S bonds at the surface. In a second set of experiments, the influence of the ECR power applied to the sample during passivation was examined. The variation of this processing parameter has little effect on the surface composition. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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