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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A review is given of dry etching of III-V semiconductors. Gas chemistries based on chlorine have traditionally been used for plasma etching of these materials due to the volatilities of both group III and group V chlorides. Recent work on the use of iodine- or bromine-based discharges has shown promising results, although the corrosiveness of the feedstock gases is of concern. For indium-containing III-V semiconductors, CH4/H2 plasmas have produced smooth anisotropic etching at relatively low rates. In applications requiring etch rates near 1 μm min−1, Cl2/CH4/H2 electron cyclotron resonance discharges have proved effective. Examples are given of the structural and chemical changes induced in the semiconductor as a result of dry etching, due to the combined effects of energetic ion bombardment and preferential removal of one of the lattice constituents. Applications for dry etching in modern microelectronic fabrication range from shallow (∼30 nm) mesa formation to creation of through-wafer via holes typically ∼100 μm deep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract High-density, magnetically enhanced discharges of Cl2/CH4/H2/Ar were shown to provide rapid dry etching of InGaAsP/InP laser structures for sample temperatures of greater than 130
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 16 (1996), S. 365-378 
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Plasma etching ; ECR plasmas ; rf-biasing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma etching with additional rf-biasing produces etch rates ≥ 2,500 A/min for InGaP and AlInP in CH4/H2/Ar. These rates are an order of magnitude or much higher than for reactive ion etching conditions (RIE) carried out in the same reactor. N2 addition to CH4/H2/Ar can enhance the InGaP etch rates at low flow rates, while at higher concentrations it provides an etch-stop reaction. The InGaP and AlInP etched under ECR conditions have somewhat rougher morphologies and different stoichiometries up to ≈200 Å from the sur face relative to the RIE samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Plasma etching ; electron cyclotron resonance ; discharges in BCl3 ; additional RF biasing ; selectivities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) BCl3 discharges with additional rf biasing of the sample position have been used to etch a variety of III–V semiconductors. GaAs and AlxGa1−xAs (x = 0−1) etch at equal rates in BCl3 or BCl3/Ar discharges, whereas SF6 addition produces high selectivities for etching GaAs over AlGaAs. These selectivities are in excess of 600 for dc biases of ≤−150 V, and fall to ≤6 for biases of −300 V. If the dc biases are kept to ≤ − 100 V, there is no measurable degradation of the optical properties of the GaAs and AlGaAs. The AlF3 formed on the AlGaAs surface during exposure to BCl3/SF6 plasmas can be removed by sequential rinsing in dilute NH4OH and water. In-based materials (InP, InAs, InSb, InGaAs) etch at slow rates with relatively rough morphologies in BCl3 plasmas.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 14 (1994), S. 505-522 
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Plasma etching ; GaAs devices ; low temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Dry etching of common masking materials used in GaAs device technology, was examined down to temperatures of −30°C. The etch rates of SiNx, SiO2, and W in SF6/Ar are reduced below 0°C, but the anisotropy of the etching is improved at low temperature. Microwave enhancement of the SF6/Ar discharges produces increases in etch rates of several times at 25°C, but much lower increases at −30°C substrate temperature. The underlying GaAs surface shows increased S and F coverage after low-temperature etching, but these species are readily removerd either by anex-situ wet chemical cleaning step or an in-situ H2 plasma exposure. Photoresist etching is less sensitive to temperature, and anisotropic profiles are produced between −30 and +60°C in pure O2 discharges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 14 (1994), S. 131-150 
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Microwave discharge ; dry etching ; III–V semiconductors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Microwave discharges of HBr/H2/Ar and H/H2/Ar with additional do biasing of the sample were used to etch InP, GaAs, and AlGaAs at temperatures between 50–250°C. The etch rates increase by factors of 3–50 and 5–9, respectively, for HBr-and HI-based discharges over this temperature range, but display non-Arrhenius behavior. The etched surfaces became very rough above ∼ 100°C for InP with either discharge chemistry due to preferential loss of P, while GaAs and AlGaAs are more tolerant of the elevated temperature etching. The near-surface electrical properties of InP are severely degraded by etch temperatures above ∼ 100°C, while extensive hydrogen in-diffusion occurs in GaAs and AlGaAs under these conditions, leading to dopant passivation which can be reversed by annealing at ∼400°C.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 46 (1992), S. 199-207 
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Предварительно восстановленные при 670°C катализаторы V2O5/Al2O3 и V2O5/силикагель-кремнезем проявляли высокую активность к полимеризации C2H4 при 70°C, в то время как полимеризация едва протекала на катализаторах, нанесенных на SiO2, и совсем не была обнаружена при использовании MgO в качестве носителя. Активность катализаторов находится в строгой зависимости с числом сильно кислых центров типа Льюиса.
    Notes: Abstract The reduced V2O5/Al2O3 and V2O5/silica-alumina catalyst pretreated at 670°C showed high C2H4 polymerization activity at 70°C while the polymerization scarcely occurred on SiO2-supported catalyst and did not occur on MgO-supported catalyst. The activities of the catalysts were closely related to the amounts of strong Lewis acid sites.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 46 (1992), S. 215-223 
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract На основе кинетических исследований полимеоризации C2H4 на восстановленны х каталиааторах V2O5/Al2O3 в интервале температур−20 ≐ +70°C было выведено следующее уравнение скорости: Vp=k·exp(-αYp)·KaPe/(1+KaPe). Константа дезактивации α находится в завсимости с конверсий и молекулярным весом полимера.
    Notes: Abstract Kinetic study of C2H4 polymerization on reduced V2O5/Al2O3 catalysts revealed that the rate equation can be expressed as Vρ=k exp (-αYρ) KaPE/(1+KaPE) in the temperature range of −20 to 70°C. The deactivation constant, α, was found to have a close relation with the yield and molecular weight of the polymer.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2007-05-10
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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