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  • 1
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    Ecology. Can protected areas be expanded in Africa? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Musters, C J -- de Graaf, H J -- ter Keurs, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1759-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands. musters@rulsfb.leidenuniv.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Agriculture ; Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Economics ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Population Growth
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ancient biomolecules from deep ice cores reveal a forested southern Greenland (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: It is difficult to obtain fossil data from the 10% of Earth's terrestrial surface that is covered by thick glaciers and ice sheets, and hence, knowledge of the paleoenvironments of these regions has remained limited. We show that DNA and amino acids from buried organisms can be recovered from the basal sections of deep ice cores, enabling reconstructions of past flora and fauna. We show that high-altitude southern Greenland, currently lying below more than 2 kilometers of ice, was inhabited by a diverse array of conifer trees and insects within the past million years. The results provide direct evidence in support of a forested southern Greenland and suggest that many deep ice cores may contain genetic records of paleoenvironments in their basal sections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694912/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694912/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willerslev, Eske -- Cappellini, Enrico -- Boomsma, Wouter -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Hebsgaard, Martin B -- Brand, Tina B -- Hofreiter, Michael -- Bunce, Michael -- Poinar, Hendrik N -- Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe -- Johnsen, Sigfus -- Steffensen, Jorgen Peder -- Bennike, Ole -- Schwenninger, Jean-Luc -- Nathan, Roger -- Armitage, Simon -- de Hoog, Cees-Jan -- Alfimov, Vasily -- Christl, Marcus -- Beer, Juerg -- Muscheler, Raimund -- Barker, Joel -- Sharp, Martin -- Penkman, Kirsty E H -- Haile, James -- Taberlet, Pierre -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Casoli, Antonella -- Campani, Elisa -- Collins, Matthew J -- 076905/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):111-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@bi.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*analysis/history/isolation & purification ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Climate ; DNA/*analysis/history/isolation & purification ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Geography ; Greenland ; History, Ancient ; Ice Cover/*chemistry ; *Invertebrates/classification/genetics ; *Plants/classification/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    The enigma of prokaryotic life in deep hypersaline anoxic basins (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-08
    Description: Deep hypersaline anoxic basins in the Mediterranean Sea are a legacy of dissolution of ancient subterranean salt deposits from the Miocene period. Our study revealed that these hypersaline basins are not biogeochemical dead ends, but support in situ sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, and heterotrophic activity. A wide diversity of prokaryotes was observed, including a new, abundant, deeply branching order within the Euryarchaeota. Furthermore, we demonstrated the presence of a unique, metabolically active microbial community in the Discovery basin, which is one of the most extreme terrestrial saline environments known, as it is almost saturated with MgCl2 (5 M).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Wielen, Paul W J J -- Bolhuis, Henk -- Borin, Sara -- Daffonchio, Daniele -- Corselli, Cesare -- Giuliano, Laura -- D'Auria, Giuseppe -- de Lange, Gert J -- Huebner, Andreas -- Varnavas, Sotirios P -- Thomson, John -- Tamburini, Christian -- Marty, Danielle -- McGenity, Terry J -- Timmis, Kenneth N -- BioDeep Scientific Party -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 7;307(5706):121-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, University of Groningen, 9751 NN Haren, Netherlands. paul.van.der.wielen@kiwa.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Archaea/classification/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; Cluster Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Euryarchaeota/classification/isolation & purification/physiology ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; Magnesium Chloride/analysis ; Mediterranean Sea ; Methane/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; *Sodium Chloride ; Sulfates/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Ecosystem-based coastal defence in the face of global change (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: The risk of flood disasters is increasing for many coastal societies owing to global and regional changes in climate conditions, sea-level rise, land subsidence and sediment supply. At the same time, in many locations, conventional coastal engineering solutions such as sea walls are increasingly challenged by these changes and their maintenance may become unsustainable. We argue that flood protection by ecosystem creation and restoration can provide a more sustainable, cost-effective and ecologically sound alternative to conventional coastal engineering and that, in suitable locations, it should be implemented globally and on a large scale.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Temmerman, Stijn -- Meire, Patrick -- Bouma, Tjeerd J -- Herman, Peter M J -- Ysebaert, Tom -- De Vriend, Huib J -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 5;504(7478):79-83. doi: 10.1038/nature12859.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecosystem management research group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24305151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; Engineering/economics/standards ; Floods ; *Global Warming
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Mesoscale iron enrichment experiments 1993-2005: synthesis and future directions (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: Since the mid-1980s, our understanding of nutrient limitation of oceanic primary production has radically changed. Mesoscale iron addition experiments (FeAXs) have unequivocally shown that iron supply limits production in one-third of the world ocean, where surface macronutrient concentrations are perennially high. The findings of these 12 FeAXs also reveal that iron supply exerts controls on the dynamics of plankton blooms, which in turn affect the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, silicon, and sulfur and ultimately influence the Earth climate system. However, extrapolation of the key results of FeAXs to regional and seasonal scales in some cases is limited because of differing modes of iron supply in FeAXs and in the modern and paleo-oceans. New research directions include quantification of the coupling of oceanic iron and carbon biogeochemistry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyd, P W -- Jickells, T -- Law, C S -- Blain, S -- Boyle, E A -- Buesseler, K O -- Coale, K H -- Cullen, J J -- de Baar, H J W -- Follows, M -- Harvey, M -- Lancelot, C -- Levasseur, M -- Owens, N P J -- Pollard, R -- Rivkin, R B -- Sarmiento, J -- Schoemann, V -- Smetacek, V -- Takeda, S -- Tsuda, A -- Turner, S -- Watson, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):612-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) Centre for Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. pboyd@alkali.otago.ac.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Climate ; Diatoms/growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Iron/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Seawater ; Zooplankton/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Asymmetric mating interactions drive widespread invasion and displacement in a whitefly (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: The role of behavioral mechanisms in animal invasions is poorly understood. We show that asymmetric mating interactions between closely related but previously allopatric genetic groups of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a haplodiploid species, have been a driving force contributing to widespread invasion and displacement by alien populations. We conducted long-term field surveys, caged population experiments, and detailed behavioral observations in Zhejiang, China, and Queensland, Australia, to investigate the invasion process and its underlying behavioral mechanisms. During invasion and displacement, we found increased frequency of copulation leading to increased production of female progeny among the invader, as well as reduced copulation and female production in the indigenous genetic groups. Such asymmetric mating interactions may be critical to determining the capacity of a haplodiploid invader and the consequences for its closely related indigenous organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Shu-Sheng -- De Barro, P J -- Xu, Jing -- Luan, Jun-Bo -- Zang, Lian-Sheng -- Ruan, Yong-Ming -- Wan, Fang-Hao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1769-72. Epub 2007 Nov 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China. shshliu@zju.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Copulation ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Hemiptera/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Queensland ; Reproduction ; Sex Ratio ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Environment. Ocean iron fertilization--moving forward in a sea of uncertainty (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buesseler, Ken O -- Doney, Scott C -- Karl, David M -- Boyd, Philip W -- Caldeira, Ken -- Chai, Fei -- Coale, Kenneth H -- de Baar, Hein J W -- Falkowski, Paul G -- Johnson, Kenneth S -- Lampitt, Richard S -- Michaels, Anthony F -- Naqvi, S W A -- Smetacek, Victor -- Takeda, Shigenobu -- Watson, Andrew J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):162. doi: 10.1126/science.1154305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. kbuesseler@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Climate ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Iron/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; *Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Erosion of lizard diversity by climate change and altered thermal niches (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: It is predicted that climate change will cause species extinctions and distributional shifts in coming decades, but data to validate these predictions are relatively scarce. Here, we compare recent and historical surveys for 48 Mexican lizard species at 200 sites. Since 1975, 12% of local populations have gone extinct. We verified physiological models of extinction risk with observed local extinctions and extended projections worldwide. Since 1975, we estimate that 4% of local populations have gone extinct worldwide, but by 2080 local extinctions are projected to reach 39% worldwide, and species extinctions may reach 20%. Global extinction projections were validated with local extinctions observed from 1975 to 2009 for regional biotas on four other continents, suggesting that lizards have already crossed a threshold for extinctions caused by climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinervo, Barry -- Mendez-de-la-Cruz, Fausto -- Miles, Donald B -- Heulin, Benoit -- Bastiaans, Elizabeth -- Villagran-Santa Cruz, Maricela -- Lara-Resendiz, Rafael -- Martinez-Mendez, Norberto -- Calderon-Espinosa, Martha Lucia -- Meza-Lazaro, Rubi Nelsi -- Gadsden, Hector -- Avila, Luciano Javier -- Morando, Mariana -- De la Riva, Ignacio J -- Victoriano Sepulveda, Pedro -- Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte -- Ibarguengoytia, Nora -- Aguilar Puntriano, Cesar -- Massot, Manuel -- Lepetz, Virginie -- Oksanen, Tuula A -- Chapple, David G -- Bauer, Aaron M -- Branch, William R -- Clobert, Jean -- Sites, Jack W Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 14;328(5980):894-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1184695.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. lizardrps@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Body Temperature ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Forecasting ; Geography ; Global Warming ; *Lizards/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mexico ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Selection, Genetic ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    A three-stage symbiosis forms the foundation of seagrass ecosystems (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: Seagrasses evolved from terrestrial plants into marine foundation species around 100 million years ago. Their ecological success, however, remains a mystery because natural organic matter accumulation within the beds should result in toxic sediment sulfide levels. Using a meta-analysis, a field study, and a laboratory experiment, we reveal how an ancient three-stage symbiosis between seagrass, lucinid bivalves, and their sulfide-oxidizing gill bacteria reduces sulfide stress for seagrasses. We found that the bivalve-sulfide-oxidizer symbiosis reduced sulfide levels and enhanced seagrass production as measured in biomass. In turn, the bivalves and their endosymbionts profit from organic matter accumulation and radial oxygen release from the seagrass roots. These findings elucidate the long-term success of seagrasses in warm waters and offer new prospects for seagrass ecosystem conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Heide, Tjisse -- Govers, Laura L -- de Fouw, Jimmy -- Olff, Han -- van der Geest, Matthijs -- van Katwijk, Marieke M -- Piersma, Theunis -- van de Koppel, Johan -- Silliman, Brian R -- Smolders, Alfons J P -- van Gils, Jan A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1432-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1219973.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Post Office Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. t.van.der.heide@rug.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/growth & development/*physiology ; Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; Biomass ; Bivalvia/metabolism/microbiology/*physiology ; Chemoautotrophic Growth ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Gills/microbiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Sulfides/analysis/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Zosteraceae/growth & development/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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