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  • Articles  (7)
  • Humans  (7)
  • Astrophysics
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • SPACE VEHICLES
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (7)
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 1970-1974
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  • Articles  (7)
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  • 1
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    Evolutionary history of Salmonella typhi (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: For microbial pathogens, phylogeographic differentiation seems to be relatively common. However, the neutral population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi reflects the continued existence of ubiquitous haplotypes over millennia. In contrast, clinical use of fluoroquinolones has yielded at least 15 independent gyrA mutations within a decade and stimulated clonal expansion of haplotype H58 in Asia and Africa. Yet, antibiotic-sensitive strains and haplotypes other than H58 still persist despite selection for antibiotic resistance. Neutral evolution in Typhi appears to reflect the asymptomatic carrier state, and adaptive evolution depends on the rapid transmission of phenotypic changes through acute infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2652035/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2652035/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roumagnac, Philippe -- Weill, Francois-Xavier -- Dolecek, Christiane -- Baker, Stephen -- Brisse, Sylvain -- Chinh, Nguyen Tran -- Le, Thi Anh Hong -- Acosta, Camilo J -- Farrar, Jeremy -- Dougan, Gordon -- Achtman, Mark -- 076962/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1301-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Infektionsbiologie, Department of Molecular Biology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Africa ; Alleles ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Asia ; *Biological Evolution ; Carrier State/*microbiology ; DNA Gyrase/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Salmonella typhi/drug effects/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Typhoid Fever/drug therapy/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A common variant on chromosome 9p21 affects the risk of myocardial infarction (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: The global endemic of cardiovascular diseases calls for improved risk assessment and treatment. Here, we describe an association between myocardial infarction (MI) and a common sequence variant on chromosome 9p21. This study included a total of 4587 cases and 12,767 controls. The identified variant, adjacent to the tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A and CDKN2B, was associated with the disease with high significance. Approximately 21% of individuals in the population are homozygous for this variant, and their estimated risk of suffering myocardial infarction is 1.64 times as great as that of noncarriers. The corresponding risk is 2.02 times as great for early-onset cases. The population attributable risk is 21% for MI in general and 31% for early-onset cases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helgadottir, Anna -- Thorleifsson, Gudmar -- Manolescu, Andrei -- Gretarsdottir, Solveig -- Blondal, Thorarinn -- Jonasdottir, Aslaug -- Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg -- Sigurdsson, Asgeir -- Baker, Adam -- Palsson, Arnar -- Masson, Gisli -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel F -- Magnusson, Kristinn P -- Andersen, Karl -- Levey, Allan I -- Backman, Valgerdur M -- Matthiasdottir, Sigurborg -- Jonsdottir, Thorbjorg -- Palsson, Stefan -- Einarsdottir, Helga -- Gunnarsdottir, Steinunn -- Gylfason, Arnaldur -- Vaccarino, Viola -- Hooper, W Craig -- Reilly, Muredach P -- Granger, Christopher B -- Austin, Harland -- Rader, Daniel J -- Shah, Svati H -- Quyyumi, Arshed A -- Gulcher, Jeffrey R -- Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Kong, Augustine -- Stefansson, Kari -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1491-3. Epub 2007 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age of Onset ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/genetics ; Female ; Genes, p16 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Increasing quantities of atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen entering the open ocean could account for up to about a third of the ocean's external (nonrecycled) nitrogen supply and up to approximately 3% of the annual new marine biological production, approximately 0.3 petagram of carbon per year. This input could account for the production of up to approximately 1.6 teragrams of nitrous oxide (N2O) per year. Although approximately 10% of the ocean's drawdown of atmospheric anthropogenic carbon dioxide may result from this atmospheric nitrogen fertilization, leading to a decrease in radiative forcing, up to about two-thirds of this amount may be offset by the increase in N2O emissions. The effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition are expected to continue to grow in the future.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duce, R A -- LaRoche, J -- Altieri, K -- Arrigo, K R -- Baker, A R -- Capone, D G -- Cornell, S -- Dentener, F -- Galloway, J -- Ganeshram, R S -- Geider, R J -- Jickells, T -- Kuypers, M M -- Langlois, R -- Liss, P S -- Liu, S M -- Middelburg, J J -- Moore, C M -- Nickovic, S -- Oschlies, A -- Pedersen, T -- Prospero, J -- Schlitzer, R -- Seitzinger, S -- Sorensen, L L -- Uematsu, M -- Ulloa, O -- Voss, M -- Ward, B -- Zamora, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):893-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1150369.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Atmosphere ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Oceans and Seas ; *Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder whose genetic influences remain elusive. We hypothesize that individually rare structural variants contribute to the illness. Microdeletions and microduplications 〉100 kilobases were identified by microarray comparative genomic hybridization of genomic DNA from 150 individuals with schizophrenia and 268 ancestry-matched controls. All variants were validated by high-resolution platforms. Novel deletions and duplications of genes were present in 5% of controls versus 15% of cases and 20% of young-onset cases, both highly significant differences. The association was independently replicated in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia as compared with their parents. Mutations in cases disrupted genes disproportionately from signaling networks controlling neurodevelopment, including neuregulin and glutamate pathways. These results suggest that multiple, individually rare mutations altering genes in neurodevelopmental pathways contribute to schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, Tom -- McClellan, Jon M -- McCarthy, Shane E -- Addington, Anjene M -- Pierce, Sarah B -- Cooper, Greg M -- Nord, Alex S -- Kusenda, Mary -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Stray, Sunday M -- Rippey, Caitlin F -- Roccanova, Patricia -- Makarov, Vlad -- Lakshmi, B -- Findling, Robert L -- Sikich, Linmarie -- Stromberg, Thomas -- Merriman, Barry -- Gogtay, Nitin -- Butler, Philip -- Eckstrand, Kristen -- Noory, Laila -- Gochman, Peter -- Long, Robert -- Chen, Zugen -- Davis, Sean -- Baker, Carl -- Eichler, Evan E -- Meltzer, Paul S -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Singleton, Andrew B -- Lee, Ming K -- Rapoport, Judith L -- King, Mary-Claire -- Sebat, Jonathan -- HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155174. Epub 2008 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; *Gene Duplication ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Bioactive contaminants leach from disposable laboratory plasticware (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-08
    Description: Disposable plasticware such as test tubes, pipette tips, and multiwell assay or culture plates are used routinely in most biological research laboratories. Manufacturing of plastics requires the inclusion of numerous chemicals to enhance stability, durability, and performance. Some lubricating (slip) agents, exemplified by oleamide, also occur endogenously in humans and are biologically active, and cationic biocides are included to prevent bacterial colonization of the plastic surface. We demonstrate that these manufacturing agents leach from laboratory plasticware into a standard aqueous buffer, dimethyl sulfoxide, and methanol and can have profound effects on proteins and thus on results from bioassays of protein function. These findings have far-reaching implications for the use of disposable plasticware in biological research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonald, G Reid -- Hudson, Alan L -- Dunn, Susan M J -- You, Haitao -- Baker, Glen B -- Whittal, Randy M -- Martin, Jonathan W -- Jha, Amitabh -- Edmondson, Dale E -- Holt, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):917. doi: 10.1126/science.1162395.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Disinfectants/*analysis/pharmacology ; *Disposable Equipment ; Humans ; *Laboratories ; Monoamine Oxidase/*metabolism ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Oleic Acids/*analysis/pharmacology ; Plastics/*chemistry ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/*analysis/pharmacology ; Rats ; Solvents
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Malaria eradication in India: a failure? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Timothy D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1616. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5870.1616d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Malaria/economics/mortality/*prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Ankyrin-G promotes cyclic nucleotide-gated channel transport to rod photoreceptor sensory cilia (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-21
    Description: Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels localize exclusively to the plasma membrane of photosensitive outer segments of rod photoreceptors where they generate the electrical response to light. Here, we report the finding that targeting of CNG channels to the rod outer segment required their interaction with ankyrin-G. Ankyrin-G localized exclusively to rod outer segments, coimmunoprecipitated with the CNG channel, and bound to the C-terminal domain of the channel beta1 subunit. Ankyrin-G depletion in neonatal mouse retinas markedly reduced CNG channel expression. Transgenic expression of CNG channel beta-subunit mutants in Xenopus rods showed that ankyrin-G binding was necessary and sufficient for targeting of the beta1 subunit to outer segments. Thus, ankyrin-G is required for transport of CNG channels to the plasma membrane of rod outer segments.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792576/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792576/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kizhatil, Krishnakumar -- Baker, Sheila A -- Arshavsky, Vadim Y -- Bennett, Vann -- EY12859/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EY005722/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EY005722-23/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY012859/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY012859-10/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 20;323(5921):1614-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1169789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Ankyrins/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cilia/*metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Rod Cell Outer Segment/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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