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  • Mice  (105)
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  • 1
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    The status of the world's land and marine mammals: diversity, threat, and knowledge (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schipper, Jan -- Chanson, Janice S -- Chiozza, Federica -- Cox, Neil A -- Hoffmann, Michael -- Katariya, Vineet -- Lamoreux, John -- Rodrigues, Ana S L -- Stuart, Simon N -- Temple, Helen J -- Baillie, Jonathan -- Boitani, Luigi -- Lacher, Thomas E Jr -- Mittermeier, Russell A -- Smith, Andrew T -- Absolon, Daniel -- Aguiar, John M -- Amori, Giovanni -- Bakkour, Noura -- Baldi, Ricardo -- Berridge, Richard J -- Bielby, Jon -- Black, Patricia Ann -- Blanc, J Julian -- Brooks, Thomas M -- Burton, James A -- Butynski, Thomas M -- Catullo, Gianluca -- Chapman, Roselle -- Cokeliss, Zoe -- Collen, Ben -- Conroy, Jim -- Cooke, Justin G -- da Fonseca, Gustavo A B -- Derocher, Andrew E -- Dublin, Holly T -- Duckworth, J W -- Emmons, Louise -- Emslie, Richard H -- Festa-Bianchet, Marco -- Foster, Matt -- Foster, Sabrina -- Garshelis, David L -- Gates, Cormack -- Gimenez-Dixon, Mariano -- Gonzalez, Susana -- Gonzalez-Maya, Jose Fernando -- Good, Tatjana C -- Hammerson, Geoffrey -- Hammond, Philip S -- Happold, David -- Happold, Meredith -- Hare, John -- Harris, Richard B -- Hawkins, Clare E -- Haywood, Mandy -- Heaney, Lawrence R -- Hedges, Simon -- Helgen, Kristofer M -- Hilton-Taylor, Craig -- Hussain, Syed Ainul -- Ishii, Nobuo -- Jefferson, Thomas A -- Jenkins, Richard K B -- Johnston, Charlotte H -- Keith, Mark -- Kingdon, Jonathan -- Knox, David H -- Kovacs, Kit M -- Langhammer, Penny -- Leus, Kristin -- Lewison, Rebecca -- Lichtenstein, Gabriela -- Lowry, Lloyd F -- Macavoy, Zoe -- Mace, Georgina M -- Mallon, David P -- Masi, Monica -- McKnight, Meghan W -- Medellin, Rodrigo A -- Medici, Patricia -- Mills, Gus -- Moehlman, Patricia D -- Molur, Sanjay -- Mora, Arturo -- Nowell, Kristin -- Oates, John F -- Olech, Wanda -- Oliver, William R L -- Oprea, Monik -- Patterson, Bruce D -- Perrin, William F -- Polidoro, Beth A -- Pollock, Caroline -- Powel, Abigail -- Protas, Yelizaveta -- Racey, Paul -- Ragle, Jim -- Ramani, Pavithra -- Rathbun, Galen -- Reeves, Randall R -- Reilly, Stephen B -- Reynolds, John E 3rd -- Rondinini, Carlo -- Rosell-Ambal, Ruth Grace -- Rulli, Monica -- Rylands, Anthony B -- Savini, Simona -- Schank, Cody J -- Sechrest, Wes -- Self-Sullivan, Caryn -- Shoemaker, Alan -- Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio -- De Silva, Naamal -- Smith, David E -- Srinivasulu, Chelmala -- Stephenson, Peter J -- van Strien, Nico -- Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar -- Taylor, Barbara L -- Timmins, Rob -- Tirira, Diego G -- Tognelli, Marcelo F -- Tsytsulina, Katerina -- Veiga, Liza M -- Vie, Jean-Christophe -- Williamson, Elizabeth A -- Wyatt, Sarah A -- Xie, Yan -- Young, Bruce E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):225-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1165115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Programme, IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland. jan.schipper@iucn.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Body Size ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Marine Biology ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-26
    Description: Tribolium castaneum is a member of the most species-rich eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved the ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment, as shown by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as P450 and other detoxification enzymes. Development in Tribolium is more representative of other insects than is Drosophila, a fact reflected in gene content and function. For example, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, some being expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short-germ development. Systemic RNA interference in T. castaneum functions differently from that in Caenorhabditis elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tribolium Genome Sequencing Consortium -- Richards, Stephen -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Weinstock, George M -- Brown, Susan J -- Denell, Robin -- Beeman, Richard W -- Gibbs, Richard -- Bucher, Gregor -- Friedrich, Markus -- Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P -- Klingler, Martin -- Lorenzen, Marce -- Roth, Siegfried -- Schroder, Reinhard -- Tautz, Diethard -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Muzny, Donna -- Attaway, Tony -- Bell, Stephanie -- Buhay, Christian J -- Chandrabose, Mimi N -- Chavez, Dean -- Clerk-Blankenburg, Kerstin P -- Cree, Andrew -- Dao, Marvin -- Davis, Clay -- Chacko, Joseph -- Dinh, Huyen -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fowler, Gerald -- Garner, Toni T -- Garnes, Jeffrey -- Gnirke, Andreas -- Hawes, Alica -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Holder, Michael -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Khan, Ziad Mohid -- Jackson, LaRonda -- Kovar, Christie -- Kowis, Andrea -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora R -- Margolis, Jon -- Morgan, Margaret -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Nguyen, Ngoc -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey -- Parker, David -- Ruiz, San-Juana -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Savard, Joel -- Scherer, Steven E -- Schneider, Brian -- Sodergren, Erica -- Vattahil, Selina -- Villasana, Donna -- White, Courtney S -- Wright, Rita -- Park, Yoonseong -- Lord, Jeff -- Oppert, Brenda -- Brown, Susan -- Wang, Liangjiang -- Weinstock, George -- Liu, Yue -- Worley, Kim -- Elsik, Christine G -- Reese, Justin T -- Elhaik, Eran -- Landan, Giddy -- Graur, Dan -- Arensburger, Peter -- Atkinson, Peter -- Beidler, Jim -- Demuth, Jeffery P -- Drury, Douglas W -- Du, Yu-Zhou -- Fujiwara, Haruhiko -- Maselli, Vincenza -- Osanai, Mizuko -- Robertson, Hugh M -- Tu, Zhijian -- Wang, Jian-jun -- Wang, Suzhi -- Song, Henry -- Zhang, Lan -- Werner, Doreen -- Stanke, Mario -- Morgenstern, Burkhard -- Solovyev, Victor -- Kosarev, Peter -- Brown, Garth -- Chen, Hsiu-Chuan -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Hlavina, Wratko -- Kapustin, Yuri -- Kiryutin, Boris -- Kitts, Paul -- Maglott, Donna -- Pruitt, Kim -- Sapojnikov, Victor -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Mackey, Aaron J -- Waterhouse, Robert M -- Wyder, Stefan -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko -- Bork, Peer -- Aranda, Manuel -- Bao, Riyue -- Beermann, Anke -- Berns, Nicola -- Bolognesi, Renata -- Bonneton, Francois -- Bopp, Daniel -- Butts, Thomas -- Chaumot, Arnaud -- Denell, Robin E -- Ferrier, David E K -- Gordon, Cassondra M -- Jindra, Marek -- Lan, Que -- Lattorff, H Michael G -- Laudet, Vincent -- von Levetsow, Cornelia -- Liu, Zhenyi -- Lutz, Rebekka -- Lynch, Jeremy A -- da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes -- Posnien, Nico -- Reuter, Rolf -- Schinko, Johannes B -- Schmitt, Christian -- Schoppmeier, Michael -- Shippy, Teresa D -- Simonnet, Franck -- Marques-Souza, Henrique -- Tomoyasu, Yoshinori -- Trauner, Jochen -- Van der Zee, Maurijn -- Vervoort, Michel -- Wittkopp, Nadine -- Wimmer, Ernst A -- Yang, Xiaoyun -- Jones, Andrew K -- Sattelle, David B -- Ebert, Paul R -- Nelson, David -- Scott, Jeffrey G -- Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam -- Kramer, Karl J -- Arakane, Yasuyuki -- Zhu, Qingsong -- Hogenkamp, David -- Dixit, Radhika -- Jiang, Haobo -- Zou, Zhen -- Marshall, Jeremy -- Elpidina, Elena -- Vinokurov, Konstantin -- Oppert, Cris -- Evans, Jay -- Lu, Zhiqiang -- Zhao, Picheng -- Sumathipala, Niranji -- Altincicek, Boran -- Vilcinskas, Andreas -- Williams, Michael -- Hultmark, Dan -- Hetru, Charles -- Hauser, Frank -- Cazzamali, Giuseppe -- Williamson, Michael -- Li, Bin -- Tanaka, Yoshiaki -- Predel, Reinhard -- Neupert, Susanne -- Schachtner, Joachim -- Verleyen, Peter -- Raible, Florian -- Walden, Kimberly K O -- Angeli, Sergio -- Foret, Sylvain -- Schuetz, Stefan -- Maleszka, Ryszard -- Miller, Sherry C -- Grossmann, Daniela -- BBS/B/12067/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/12067/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM058634/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD029594/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD029594-16/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 24;452(7190):949-55. doi: 10.1038/nature06784. Epub 2008 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. stephenr@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18362917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; Genes, Insect/*genetics ; Genome, Insect/*genetics ; Growth and Development/genetics ; Humans ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/genetics ; Oogenesis/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Proteome/genetics ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Taste/genetics ; Telomere/genetics ; Tribolium/classification/embryology/*genetics/physiology ; Vision, Ocular/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Substrate-targeting gamma-secretase modulators (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: Selective lowering of Abeta42 levels (the 42-residue isoform of the amyloid-beta peptide) with small-molecule gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs), such as some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. To identify the target of these agents we developed biotinylated photoactivatable GSMs. GSM photoprobes did not label the core proteins of the gamma-secretase complex, but instead labelled the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), APP carboxy-terminal fragments and amyloid-beta peptide in human neuroglioma H4 cells. Substrate labelling was competed by other GSMs, and labelling of an APP gamma-secretase substrate was more efficient than a Notch substrate. GSM interaction was localized to residues 28-36 of amyloid-beta, a region critical for aggregation. We also demonstrate that compounds known to interact with this region of amyloid-beta act as GSMs, and some GSMs alter the production of cell-derived amyloid-beta oligomers. Furthermore, mutation of the GSM binding site in the APP alters the sensitivity of the substrate to GSMs. These findings indicate that substrate targeting by GSMs mechanistically links two therapeutic actions: alteration in Abeta42 production and inhibition of amyloid-beta aggregation, which may synergistically reduce amyloid-beta deposition in Alzheimer's disease. These data also demonstrate the existence and feasibility of 'substrate targeting' by small-molecule effectors of proteolytic enzymes, which if generally applicable may significantly broaden the current notion of 'druggable' targets.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2678541/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2678541/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kukar, Thomas L -- Ladd, Thomas B -- Bann, Maralyssa A -- Fraering, Patrick C -- Narlawar, Rajeshwar -- Maharvi, Ghulam M -- Healy, Brent -- Chapman, Robert -- Welzel, Alfred T -- Price, Robert W -- Moore, Brenda -- Rangachari, Vijayaraghavan -- Cusack, Bernadette -- Eriksen, Jason -- Jansen-West, Karen -- Verbeeck, Christophe -- Yager, Debra -- Eckman, Christopher -- Ye, Wenjuan -- Sagi, Sarah -- Cottrell, Barbara A -- Torpey, Justin -- Rosenberry, Terrone L -- Fauq, Abdul -- Wolfe, Michael S -- Schmidt, Boris -- Walsh, Dominic M -- Koo, Edward H -- Golde, Todd E -- P01 AG020206/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG020206-010002/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG017574/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG017574-08/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG017574-09/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS041355/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS041355-06A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS041355-07/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):925-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07055.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA. kukar.thomas@mayo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy/enzymology/metabolism ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/*antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites/drug effects ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Receptors, Notch/genetics/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    DNA double-strand breaks activate a multi-functional genetic program in developing lymphocytes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-14
    Description: DNA double-strand breaks are generated by genotoxic agents and by cellular endonucleases as intermediates of several important physiological processes. The cellular response to genotoxic DNA breaks includes the activation of transcriptional programs known primarily to regulate cell-cycle checkpoints and cell survival. DNA double-strand breaks are generated in all developing lymphocytes during the assembly of antigen receptor genes, a process that is essential for normal lymphocyte development. Here we show that in murine lymphocytes these physiological DNA breaks activate a broad transcriptional program. This program transcends the canonical DNA double-strand break response and includes many genes that regulate diverse cellular processes important for lymphocyte development. Moreover, the expression of several of these genes is regulated similarly in response to genotoxic DNA damage. Thus, physiological DNA double-strand breaks provide cues that can regulate cell-type-specific processes not directly involved in maintaining the integrity of the genome, and genotoxic DNA breaks could disrupt normal cellular functions by corrupting these processes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605662/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605662/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bredemeyer, Andrea L -- Helmink, Beth A -- Innes, Cynthia L -- Calderon, Boris -- McGinnis, Lisa M -- Mahowald, Grace K -- Gapud, Eric J -- Walker, Laura M -- Collins, Jennifer B -- Weaver, Brian K -- Mandik-Nayak, Laura -- Schreiber, Robert D -- Allen, Paul M -- May, Michael J -- Paules, Richard S -- Bassing, Craig H -- Sleckman, Barry P -- R01 AI047829/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047829-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125195-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 11;456(7223):819-23. doi: 10.1038/nature07392. Epub 2008 Oct 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18849970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; B-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/drug effects ; Cell Line ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA-Binding Proteins/drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects/*genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, SCID ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/drug effects ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved despite platypuses laying eggs; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. Expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA and microRNA families, as well as repeat elements, are identified. Sequencing of this genome now provides a valuable resource for deep mammalian comparative analyses, as well as for monotreme biology and conservation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warren, Wesley C -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Marshall Graves, Jennifer A -- Birney, Ewan -- Ponting, Chris P -- Grutzner, Frank -- Belov, Katherine -- Miller, Webb -- Clarke, Laura -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Heger, Andreas -- Locke, Devin P -- Miethke, Pat -- Waters, Paul D -- Veyrunes, Frederic -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Bob -- Graves, Tina -- Wallis, John -- Puente, Xose S -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Eichler, Evan E -- Chen, Lin -- Cheng, Ze -- Deakin, Janine E -- Alsop, Amber -- Thompson, Katherine -- Kirby, Patrick -- Papenfuss, Anthony T -- Wakefield, Matthew J -- Olender, Tsviya -- Lancet, Doron -- Huttley, Gavin A -- Smit, Arian F A -- Pask, Andrew -- Temple-Smith, Peter -- Batzer, Mark A -- Walker, Jerilyn A -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Harris, Robert S -- Whittington, Camilla M -- Wong, Emily S W -- Gemmell, Neil J -- Buschiazzo, Emmanuel -- Vargas Jentzsch, Iris M -- Merkel, Angelika -- Schmitz, Juergen -- Zemann, Anja -- Churakov, Gennady -- Kriegs, Jan Ole -- Brosius, Juergen -- Murchison, Elizabeth P -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Smith, Carly -- Hannon, Gregory J -- Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal -- McMillan, Daniel -- Attenborough, Rosalind -- Rens, Willem -- Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm -- Lefevre, Christophe M -- Sharp, Julie A -- Nicholas, Kevin R -- Ray, David A -- Kube, Michael -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Pringle, Thomas H -- Taylor, James -- Jones, Russell C -- Nixon, Brett -- Dacheux, Jean-Louis -- Niwa, Hitoshi -- Sekita, Yoko -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Stark, Alexander -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Kellis, Manolis -- Flicek, Paul -- Chen, Yuan -- Webber, Caleb -- Hardison, Ross -- Nelson, Joanne -- Hallsworth-Pepin, Kym -- Delehaunty, Kim -- Markovic, Chris -- Minx, Pat -- Feng, Yucheng -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Mitreva, Makedonka -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Wylie, Todd -- Wohldmann, Patricia -- Thiru, Prathapan -- Nhan, Michael N -- Pohl, Craig S -- Smith, Scott M -- Hou, Shunfeng -- Nefedov, Mikhail -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Renfree, Marilyn B -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- HG002238/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-37/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM59290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG02385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):175-83. doi: 10.1038/nature06936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8501, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. wwarren@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Dentition ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomic Imprinting/genetics ; Humans ; Immunity/genetics ; Male ; Mammals/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Milk Proteins/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Platypus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Reptiles/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Venoms/genetics ; Zona Pellucida/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Early origins and evolution of microRNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs in animals (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-03
    Description: In bilaterian animals, such as humans, flies and worms, hundreds of microRNAs (miRNAs), some conserved throughout bilaterian evolution, collectively regulate a substantial fraction of the transcriptome. In addition to miRNAs, other bilaterian small RNAs, known as Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), protect the genome from transposons. Here we identify small RNAs from animal phyla that diverged before the emergence of the Bilateria. The cnidarian Nematostella vectensis (starlet sea anemone), a close relative to the Bilateria, possesses an extensive repertoire of miRNA genes, two classes of piRNAs and a complement of proteins specific to small-RNA biology comparable to that of humans. The poriferan Amphimedon queenslandica (sponge), one of the simplest animals and a distant relative of the Bilateria, also possesses miRNAs, both classes of piRNAs and a full complement of the small-RNA machinery. Animal miRNA evolution seems to have been relatively dynamic, with precursor sizes and mature miRNA sequences differing greatly between poriferans, cnidarians and bilaterians. Nonetheless, miRNAs and piRNAs have been available as classes of riboregulators to shape gene expression throughout the evolution and radiation of animal phyla.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3837422/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3837422/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimson, Andrew -- Srivastava, Mansi -- Fahey, Bryony -- Woodcroft, Ben J -- Chiang, H Rosaria -- King, Nicole -- Degnan, Bernard M -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- Bartel, David P -- R01 GM067031/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 30;455(7217):1193-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07415. Epub 2008 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18830242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics ; Sea Anemones/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Proteomic analysis of active multiple sclerosis lesions reveals therapeutic targets (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-19
    Description: Understanding the neuropathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential for improved therapies. Therefore, identification of targets specific to pathological types of MS may have therapeutic benefits. Here we identify, by laser-capture microdissection and proteomics, proteins unique to three major types of MS lesions: acute plaque, chronic active plaque and chronic plaque. Comparative proteomic profiles identified tissue factor and protein C inhibitor within chronic active plaque samples, suggesting dysregulation of molecules associated with coagulation. In vivo administration of hirudin or recombinant activated protein C reduced disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppressed Th1 and Th17 cytokines in astrocytes and immune cells. Administration of mutant forms of recombinant activated protein C showed that both its anticoagulant and its signalling functions were essential for optimal amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. A proteomic approach illuminated potential therapeutic targets selective for specific pathological stages of MS and implicated participation of the coagulation cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, May H -- Hwang, Sun-Il -- Roy, Dolly B -- Lundgren, Deborah H -- Price, Jordan V -- Ousman, Shalina S -- Fernald, Guy Haskin -- Gerlitz, Bruce -- Robinson, William H -- Baranzini, Sergio E -- Grinnell, Brian W -- Raine, Cedric S -- Sobel, Raymond A -- Han, David K -- Steinman, Lawrence -- T32 AI007290/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1076-81. doi: 10.1038/nature06559. Epub 2008 Feb 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18278032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/classification/drug therapy/*metabolism/*pathology ; Protein C/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Proteomics ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Thrombin/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Biodiversity and biogeography of phages in modern stromatolites and thrombolites (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-04
    Description: Viruses, and more particularly phages (viruses that infect bacteria), represent one of the most abundant living entities in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The biogeography of phages has only recently been investigated and so far reveals a cosmopolitan distribution of phage genetic material (or genotypes). Here we address this cosmopolitan distribution through the analysis of phage communities in modern microbialites, the living representatives of one of the most ancient life forms on Earth. On the basis of a comparative metagenomic analysis of viral communities associated with marine (Highborne Cay, Bahamas) and freshwater (Pozas Azules II and Rio Mesquites, Mexico) microbialites, we show that some phage genotypes are geographically restricted. The high percentage of unknown sequences recovered from the three metagenomes (〉97%), the low percentage similarities with sequences from other environmental viral (n = 42) and microbial (n = 36) metagenomes, and the absence of viral genotypes shared among microbialites indicate that viruses are genetically unique in these environments. Identifiable sequences in the Highborne Cay metagenome were dominated by single-stranded DNA microphages that were not detected in any other samples examined, including sea water, fresh water, sediment, terrestrial, extreme, metazoan-associated and marine microbial mats. Finally, a marine signature was present in the phage community of the Pozas Azules II microbialites, even though this environment has not been in contact with the ocean for tens of millions of years. Taken together, these results prove that viruses in modern microbialites display biogeographical variability and suggest that they may be derived from an ancient community.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Desnues, Christelle -- Rodriguez-Brito, Beltran -- Rayhawk, Steve -- Kelley, Scott -- Tran, Tuong -- Haynes, Matthew -- Liu, Hong -- Furlan, Mike -- Wegley, Linda -- Chau, Betty -- Ruan, Yijun -- Hall, Dana -- Angly, Florent E -- Edwards, Robert A -- Li, Linlin -- Thurber, Rebecca Vega -- Reid, R Pamela -- Siefert, Janet -- Souza, Valeria -- Valentine, David L -- Swan, Brandon K -- Breitbart, Mya -- Rohwer, Forest -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 20;452(7185):340-3. doi: 10.1038/nature06735. Epub 2008 Mar 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA. cdesnues@yahoo.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18311127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophages/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification/*physiology ; Bahamas ; *Biodiversity ; Capsid/chemistry ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water/microbiology/virology ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Genomics ; *Geography ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology/virology ; Mexico ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Proteome/metabolism ; Seawater/microbiology/virology ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Genetics of gene expression and its effect on disease (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-18
    Description: Common human diseases result from the interplay of many genes and environmental factors. Therefore, a more integrative biology approach is needed to unravel the complexity and causes of such diseases. To elucidate the complexity of common human diseases such as obesity, we have analysed the expression of 23,720 transcripts in large population-based blood and adipose tissue cohorts comprehensively assessed for various phenotypes, including traits related to clinical obesity. In contrast to the blood expression profiles, we observed a marked correlation between gene expression in adipose tissue and obesity-related traits. Genome-wide linkage and association mapping revealed a highly significant genetic component to gene expression traits, including a strong genetic effect of proximal (cis) signals, with 50% of the cis signals overlapping between the two tissues profiled. Here we demonstrate an extensive transcriptional network constructed from the human adipose data that exhibits significant overlap with similar network modules constructed from mouse adipose data. A core network module in humans and mice was identified that is enriched for genes involved in the inflammatory and immune response and has been found to be causally associated to obesity-related traits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Emilsson, Valur -- Thorleifsson, Gudmar -- Zhang, Bin -- Leonardson, Amy S -- Zink, Florian -- Zhu, Jun -- Carlson, Sonia -- Helgason, Agnar -- Walters, G Bragi -- Gunnarsdottir, Steinunn -- Mouy, Magali -- Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur -- Eiriksdottir, Gudrun H -- Bjornsdottir, Gyda -- Reynisdottir, Inga -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel -- Helgadottir, Anna -- Jonasdottir, Aslaug -- Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg -- Styrkarsdottir, Unnur -- Gretarsdottir, Solveig -- Magnusson, Kristinn P -- Stefansson, Hreinn -- Fossdal, Ragnheidur -- Kristjansson, Kristleifur -- Gislason, Hjortur G -- Stefansson, Tryggvi -- Leifsson, Bjorn G -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Lamb, John R -- Gulcher, Jeffrey R -- Reitman, Marc L -- Kong, Augustine -- Schadt, Eric E -- Stefansson, Kari -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):423-8. doi: 10.1038/nature06758. Epub 2008 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉deCODE genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18344981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Blood/metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; Cohort Studies ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Female ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/*genetics ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Iceland ; Lod Score ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; Sample Size ; Waist-Hip Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Comment on "Protein sequences from mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex revealed by mass spectrometry" (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-05
    Description: We used authentication tests developed for ancient DNA to evaluate claims by Asara et al. (Reports, 13 April 2007, p. 280) of collagen peptide sequences recovered from mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex fossils. Although the mastodon samples pass these tests, absence of amino acid composition data, lack of evidence for peptide deamidation, and association of alpha1(I) collagen sequences with amphibians rather than birds suggest that T. rex does not.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buckley, Mike -- Walker, Angela -- Ho, Simon Y W -- Yang, Yue -- Smith, Colin -- Ashton, Peter -- Oates, Jane Thomas -- Cappellini, Enrico -- Koon, Hannah -- Penkman, Kirsty -- Elsworth, Ben -- Ashford, Dave -- Solazzo, Caroline -- Andrews, Phillip -- Strahler, John -- Shapiro, Beth -- Ostrom, Peggy -- Gandhi, Hasand -- Miller, Webb -- Raney, Brian -- Zylber, Maria Ines -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Prigodich, Richard V -- Ryan, Michael -- Rijsdijk, Kenneth F -- Janoo, Anwar -- Collins, Matthew J -- 076905/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):33; author reply 33. doi: 10.1126/science.1147046.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BioArch, Departments of Biology, Archaeology, Chemistry and Technology Facility, University of York, Post Office Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/*chemistry ; Collagen/*chemistry ; *Dinosaurs ; *Elephants ; *Fossils ; Mass Spectrometry ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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