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  • Articles  (19)
  • Mutation  (19)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (19)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Taylor & Francis
  • 2000-2004  (19)
  • 2004  (19)
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  • Articles  (19)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (19)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Taylor & Francis
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  • 2000-2004  (19)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Nodal proteins, members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) superfamily, have been identified as key endogenous mesoderm inducers in vertebrates. Precise control of Nodal signaling is essential for normal development of embryos. Here, we report that zebrafish dapper2 (dpr2) is expressed in mesoderm precursors during early embryogenesis and is positively regulated by Nodal signals. In vivo functional studies in zebrafish suggest that Dpr2 suppresses mesoderm induction activities of Nodal signaling. Dpr2 is localized in late endosomes, binds to the TGFbeta receptors ALK5 and ALK4, and accelerates lysosomal degradation of these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Lixia -- Zhou, Hu -- Su, Ying -- Sun, Zhihui -- Zhang, Haiwen -- Zhang, Long -- Zhang, Yu -- Ning, Yuanheng -- Chen, Ye-Guang -- Meng, Anming -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):114-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activin Receptors, Type I/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology/*metabolism ; *Embryonic Induction ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Mesoderm/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nodal Signaling Ligands ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimdahl, Heike -- Nyakatura, Gerald -- Brandt, Petra -- Schulz, Herbert -- Hummel, Oliver -- Fartmann, Berthold -- Brett, David -- Droege, Marcus -- Monti, Jan -- Lee, Young-Ae -- Sun, Yinyan -- Zhao, Shaying -- Winter, Eitan E -- Ponting, Chris P -- Chen, Yuan -- Kasprzyk, Arek -- Birney, Ewan -- Ganten, Detlev -- Hubner, Norbert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):807.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rossle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin-Buch, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Gene Library ; *Genome ; Haplotypes ; Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Rats/*genetics ; Rats, Inbred SHR/genetics ; Rats, Inbred WKY/genetics ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: During genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of chromosome breaks, DNA molecules become linked at points of strand exchange. Branch migration and resolution of these crossovers, or Holliday junctions (HJs), complete the recombination process. Here, we show that extracts from cells carrying mutations in the recombination/repair genes RAD51C or XRCC3 have reduced levels of HJ resolvase activity. Moreover, depletion of RAD51C from fractionated human extracts caused a loss of branch migration and resolution activity, but these functions were restored by complementation with a variety of RAD51 paralog complexes containing RAD51C. We conclude that the RAD51 paralogs are involved in HJ processing in human cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yilun -- Masson, Jean-Yves -- Shah, Rajvee -- O'Regan, Paul -- West, Stephen C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Cruciform/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Holliday Junction Resolvases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: The correct timing of flowering is essential for plants to maximize reproductive success and is controlled by environmental and endogenous signals. We report that nitric oxide (NO) repressed the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants treated with NO, as well as a mutant overproducing NO (nox1), flowered late, whereas a mutant producing less NO (nos1) flowered early. NO suppressed CONSTANS and GIGANTEA gene expression and enhanced FLOWERING LOCUS C expression, which indicated that NO regulates the photoperiod and autonomous pathways. Because NO is induced by environmental stimuli and constitutively produced, it may integrate both external and internal cues into the floral decision.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Yikun -- Tang, Ru-Hang -- Hao, Yi -- Stevens, Robert D -- Cook, Charles W -- Ahn, Sun M -- Jing, Liufang -- Yang, Zhongguang -- Chen, Longen -- Guo, Fangqing -- Fiorani, Fabio -- Jackson, Robert B -- Crawford, Nigel M -- Pei, Zhen-Ming -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1968-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Flowers/growth & development/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/genetics/*physiology ; Nitroprusside/pharmacology ; Photoperiod ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: Self-regulating systems often use robust oscillatory circuits. One such system controls the chemotactic signaling mechanism of Dictyostelium, where pulses of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) are generated with a periodicity of 7 minutes. We have observed spontaneous oscillations in activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase ERK2 that occur in phase with peaks of cAMP, and we show that ERK2 modulates cAMP levels through the phosphodiesterase RegA. Computer modeling and simulations of the underlying circuit faithfully account for the ability of the cells to spontaneously generate periodic pulses during specific stages of development. Similar oscillatory processes may occur in cells of many different species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maeda, Mineko -- Lu, Sijie -- Shaulsky, Gad -- Miyazaki, Yuji -- Kuwayama, Hidekazu -- Tanaka, Yoshimasa -- Kuspa, Adam -- Loomis, William F -- GM52359/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM62350/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM052359/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):875-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho 1-16, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases ; Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Dictyostelium/enzymology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: Posttranslational modifications of proteins regulate many biological processes, including metabolism, signal transduction, and gene expression. The synthetic challenges associated with generating homogeneous populations of selectively modified proteins, however, have hindered detailed studies of the effects of these modifications on protein structure and function. Here, we report an approach to the cotranslational synthesis of selectively glycosylated proteins in which the modified amino acid is genetically encoded. We show that myoglobin containing beta-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-serine at a defined position can be expressed in Escherichia coli in good yield and with high fidelity. The beta-GlcNAc moiety can be recognized by a saccharide-binding protein, or subsequently modified with a galactosyltransferase to build more complex carbohydrates. This approach should be generally applicable to other posttranslational modifications such as protein phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Zhiwen -- Gildersleeve, Jeff -- Yang, Yu-Ying -- Xu, Ran -- Loo, Joseph A -- Uryu, Sean -- Wong, Chi-Huey -- Schultz, Peter G -- 5 F32 AI10419/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM66494/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):371-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetylglucosamine/*metabolism ; Codon ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/*biosynthesis/chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Lectins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Myoglobin/*biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Transfer, Tyr/metabolism ; Serine/*metabolism ; Suppression, Genetic ; Tyrosine-tRNA Ligase/genetics/metabolism ; Uridine Diphosphate Galactose/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michalakis, Yannis -- Roze, Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1492-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS IRD 2724, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. yannis.michalakis@mpl.ird.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Viral ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/virology ; HIV Protease/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/chemistry/genetics ; HIV-1/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/*genetics/physiology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2004-04-06
    Description: Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by the accumulation of a pathogenic protein, Huntingtin (Htt), that contains an abnormal polyglutamine expansion. Here, we report that a pathogenic fragment of Htt (Httex1p) can be modified either by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1 or by ubiquitin on identical lysine residues. In cultured cells, SUMOylation stabilizes Httex1p, reduces its ability to form aggregates, and promotes its capacity to repress transcription. In a Drosophila model of HD, SUMOylation of Httex1p exacerbates neurodegeneration, whereas ubiquitination of Httex1p abrogates neurodegeneration. Lysine mutations that prevent both SUMOylation and ubiquitination of Httex1p reduce HD pathology, indicating that the contribution of SUMOylation to HD pathology extends beyond preventing Htt ubiquitination and degradation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steffan, Joan S -- Agrawal, Namita -- Pallos, Judit -- Rockabrand, Erica -- Trotman, Lloyd C -- Slepko, Natalia -- Illes, Katalin -- Lukacsovich, Tamas -- Zhu, Ya-Zhen -- Cattaneo, Elena -- Pandolfi, Pier Paolo -- Thompson, Leslie Michels -- Marsh, J Lawrence -- CA-62203/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD36049/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD36081/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):100-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Gillespie 2121, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15064418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/cytology ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Genes, MDR ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/metabolism/*pathology ; Lysine/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Degeneration ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proline/genetics/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; SUMO-1 Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is highly expressed in postmitotic neurons, but its function in the nervous system was previously unknown. We report that the inhibition of Cdh1-APC in primary neurons specifically enhanced axonal growth. Cdh1 knockdown in cerebellar slice overlay assays and in the developing rat cerebellum in vivo revealed cell-autonomous abnormalities in layer-specific growth of granule neuron axons and parallel fiber patterning. Cdh1 RNA interference in neurons was also found to override the inhibitory influence of myelin on axonal growth. Thus, Cdh1-APC appears to play a role in regulating axonal growth and patterning in the developing brain that may also limit the growth of injured axons in the adult brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konishi, Yoshiyuki -- Stegmuller, Judith -- Matsuda, Takahiko -- Bonni, Shirin -- Bonni, Azad -- R01NS41021/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1026-30. Epub 2004 Jan 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellar Cortex/*cytology/growth & development ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Electroporation ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Myelin Sheath/metabolism ; Neurons/*physiology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: The development of a patterned vasculature is essential for normal organogenesis. We found that signaling by semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) and its receptor plexin-D1 controls endothelial cell positioning and the patterning of the developing vasculature in the mouse. Sema3E is highly expressed in developing somites, where it acts as a repulsive cue for plexin-D1-expressing endothelial cells of adjacent intersomitic vessels. Sema3E-plexin-D1 signaling did not require neuropilins, which were previously presumed to be obligate Sema3 coreceptors. Moreover, genetic ablation of Sema3E or plexin-D1 but not neuropilin-mediated Sema3 signaling disrupted vascular patterning. These findings reveal an unexpected semaphorin signaling pathway and define a mechanism for controlling vascular patterning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, Chenghua -- Yoshida, Yutaka -- Livet, Jean -- Reimert, Dorothy V -- Mann, Fanny -- Merte, Janna -- Henderson, Christopher E -- Jessell, Thomas M -- Kolodkin, Alex L -- Ginty, David D -- CA23767-24/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- MH59199-06/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):265-8. Epub 2004 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Blood Vessels/*embryology/metabolism ; Body Patterning ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Chick Embryo ; Endothelial Cells/cytology/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/embryology ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Ligands ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Neuropilin-1/metabolism ; Neuropilin-2/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Somites/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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