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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Paired measurements of 〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C/〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C and 〈sup〉230〈/sup〉Th ages from two Hulu Cave stalagmites complete a precise record of atmospheric 〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C covering the full range of the 〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C dating method (~54,000 years). Over the last glacial period, atmospheric 〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C/〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C ranges from values similar to modern values to values 1.70 times higher (42,000 to 39,000 years ago). The latter correspond to 〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C ages 5200 years less than calibrated ages and correlate with the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion followed by Heinrich Stadial 4. Millennial-scale variations are largely attributable to Earth’s magnetic field changes and in part to climate-related changes in the oceanic carbon cycle. A progressive shift to lower 〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C/〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C values between 25,000 and 11,000 years ago is likely related, in part, to progressively increasing ocean ventilation rates.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-07-20
    Description: Drugs that target novel surfaces on the androgen receptor (AR) and/or novel AR regulatory mechanisms are promising alternatives for the treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. The 52 kDa FK506 binding protein (FKBP52) is an important positive regulator of AR in cellular and whole animal models and represents an attractive target for the treatment of prostate cancer. We used a modified receptor-mediated reporter assay in yeast to screen a diversified natural compound library for inhibitors of FKBP52-enhanced AR function. The lead compound, termed MJC13, inhibits AR function by preventing hormone-dependent dissociation of the Hsp90-FKBP52-AR complex, which results in less hormone-bound receptor in the nucleus. Assays in early and late stage human prostate cancer cells demonstrated that MJC13 inhibits AR-dependent gene expression and androgen-stimulated prostate cancer cell proliferation.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-12-14
    Description: Paired measurements of 14 C/ 12 C and 230 Th ages from two Hulu Cave stalagmites complete a precise record of atmospheric 14 C covering the full range of the 14 C dating method (~54,000 years). Over the last glacial period, atmospheric 14 C/ 12 C ranges from values similar to modern values to values 1.70 times higher (42,000 to 39,000 years ago). The latter correspond to 14 C ages 5200 years less than calibrated ages and correlate with the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion followed by Heinrich Stadial 4. Millennial-scale variations are largely attributable to Earth’s magnetic field changes and in part to climate-related changes in the oceanic carbon cycle. A progressive shift to lower 14 C/ 12 C values between 25,000 and 11,000 years ago is likely related, in part, to progressively increasing ocean ventilation rates.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Science, Geochemistry, Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-11-23
    Description: Human serum albumin (HSA) is widely used in clinical and cell culture applications. Conventional production of HSA from human blood is limited by the availability of blood donation and the high risk of viral transmission from donors. Here, we report the production of Oryza sativa recombinant HSA (OsrHSA) from transgenic rice seeds. The level of OsrHSA reached 10.58% of the total soluble protein of the rice grain. Large-scale production of OsrHSA generated protein with a purity 〉99% and a productivity rate of 2.75 g/kg brown rice. Physical and biochemical characterization of OsrHSA revealed it to be equivalent to plasma-derived HSA (pHSA). The efficiency of OsrHSA in promoting cell growth and treating liver cirrhosis in rats was similar to that of pHSA. Furthermore, OsrHSA displays similar in vitro and in vivo immunogenicity as pHSA. Our results suggest that a rice seed bioreactor produces cost-effective recombinant HSA that is safe and can help to satisfy an increasing worldwide demand for human serum albumin.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Nodal proteins, members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) superfamily, have been identified as key endogenous mesoderm inducers in vertebrates. Precise control of Nodal signaling is essential for normal development of embryos. Here, we report that zebrafish dapper2 (dpr2) is expressed in mesoderm precursors during early embryogenesis and is positively regulated by Nodal signals. In vivo functional studies in zebrafish suggest that Dpr2 suppresses mesoderm induction activities of Nodal signaling. Dpr2 is localized in late endosomes, binds to the TGFbeta receptors ALK5 and ALK4, and accelerates lysosomal degradation of these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Lixia -- Zhou, Hu -- Su, Ying -- Sun, Zhihui -- Zhang, Haiwen -- Zhang, Long -- Zhang, Yu -- Ning, Yuanheng -- Chen, Ye-Guang -- Meng, Anming -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):114-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activin Receptors, Type I/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology/*metabolism ; *Embryonic Induction ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Mesoderm/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nodal Signaling Ligands ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Morphinan-based painkillers are derived from opium poppy (〈i〉Papaver somniferum〈/i〉 L.). We report a draft of the opium poppy genome, with 2.72 gigabases assembled into 11 chromosomes with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 1.77 and 204 megabases, respectively. Synteny analysis suggests a whole-genome duplication at ~7.8 million years ago and ancient segmental or whole-genome duplication(s) that occurred before the Papaveraceae-Ranunculaceae divergence 110 million years ago. Syntenic blocks representative of phthalideisoquinoline and morphinan components of a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid cluster of 15 genes provide insight into how this cluster evolved. Paralog analysis identified P450 and oxidoreductase genes that combined to form the 〈i〉STORR〈/i〉 gene fusion essential for morphinan biosynthesis in opium poppy. Thus, gene duplication, rearrangement, and fusion events have led to evolution of specialized metabolic products in opium poppy.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-10-19
    Description: Morphinan-based painkillers are derived from opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.). We report a draft of the opium poppy genome, with 2.72 gigabases assembled into 11 chromosomes with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 1.77 and 204 megabases, respectively. Synteny analysis suggests a whole-genome duplication at ~7.8 million years ago and ancient segmental or whole-genome duplication(s) that occurred before the Papaveraceae-Ranunculaceae divergence 110 million years ago. Syntenic blocks representative of phthalideisoquinoline and morphinan components of a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid cluster of 15 genes provide insight into how this cluster evolved. Paralog analysis identified P450 and oxidoreductase genes that combined to form the STORR gene fusion essential for morphinan biosynthesis in opium poppy. Thus, gene duplication, rearrangement, and fusion events have led to evolution of specialized metabolic products in opium poppy.
    Keywords: Botany
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1996-07-26
    Description: The simultaneous and unequivocal discernment of all human chromosomes in different colors would be of significant clinical and biologic importance. Whole-genome scanning by spectral karyotyping allowed instantaneous visualization of defined emission spectra for each human chromosome after fluorescence in situ hybridization. By means of computer separation (classification) of spectra, spectrally overlapping chromosome-specific DNA probes could be resolved, and all human chromosomes were simultaneously identified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schrock, E -- du Manoir, S -- Veldman, T -- Schoell, B -- Wienberg, J -- Ferguson-Smith, M A -- Ning, Y -- Ledbetter, D H -- Bar-Am, I -- Soenksen, D -- Garini, Y -- Ried, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 26;273(5274):494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Diagnostic Development Branch, National Center for Human Genome Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4470, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human/*ultrastructure ; DNA Probes ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Fourier Analysis ; Humans ; Hylobates/genetics ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Interferometry ; Karyotyping/*methods ; Spectrum Analysis ; Translocation, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: The ability of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to transmit Plasmodium parasites is highly variable between individuals. However, the genetic basis of this variability has remained unknown. We combined genome-wide mapping and reciprocal allele-specific RNA interference (rasRNAi) to identify the genomic locus that confers resistance to malaria parasites and demonstrated that polymorphisms in a single gene encoding the antiparasitic thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1) explain a substantial part of the variability in parasite killing. The link between TEP1 alleles and resistance to malaria may offer new tools for controlling malaria transmission. The successful application of rasRNAi in Anopheles suggests that it could also be applied to other organisms where RNAi is feasible to dissect complex phenotypes to the level of individual quantitative trait alleles.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2959166/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2959166/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blandin, Stephanie A -- Wang-Sattler, Rui -- Lamacchia, Marina -- Gagneur, Julien -- Lycett, Gareth -- Ning, Ye -- Levashina, Elena A -- Steinmetz, Lars M -- R01 GM068717/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068717-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):147-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1175241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anopheles gambiae/*genetics/immunology/metabolism/*parasitology ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Genes, Insect ; Genome, Insect ; Immunity, Innate ; Insect Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Insect Vectors/genetics/immunology/metabolism/parasitology ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Plasmodium berghei/immunology/*physiology ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA Interference
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: The full likelihood approach in statistical analysis is regarded as the most efficient means for estimation and inference. For complex length-biased failure time data, computational algorithms and theoretical properties are not readily available, especially when a likelihood function involves infinite-dimensional parameters. Relying on the invariance property of length-biased failure time data under the semiparametric density ratio model, we present two likelihood approaches for the estimation and assessment of the difference between two survival distributions. The most efficient maximum likelihood estimators are obtained by the em algorithm and profile likelihood. We also provide a simple numerical method for estimation and inference based on conditional likelihood, which can be generalized to k -arm settings. Unlike conventional survival data, the mean of the population failure times can be consistently estimated given right-censored length-biased data under mild regularity conditions. To check the semiparametric density ratio model assumption, we use a test statistic based on the area between two survival distributions. Simulation studies confirm that the full likelihood estimators are more efficient than the conditional likelihood estimators. We analyse an epidemiological study to illustrate the proposed methods.
    Print ISSN: 0006-3444
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3510
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
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